Asp 2014

1
Newspaper analysis Mains-2014

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T-50 & NEWSPAPER ANALYSISTM
November 2012 (Child special)
(important for essay, paper 2 social issues,
paper 3 - governance)
Introduction:
The children of today are future of tomorrow.

The new definition of children by GoI 0 18
years from 2013.
The total population of children comprising of
33.3%.
The child schemes in India are classified under 4
categories.
a) Child survival (right of being born in a safe
and
non-discriminatory
environment)
b) Child development (reducing malnutrition
and
incremental
deficiencies,
increase
enrolment ratio and retention in education)
c) Child protection (from violence, exploitation
and
abuse)
d) Child participation (in Five Year Planning
(FYP))
Some
problems
Child
sex
ratio
declining
Malnutrition
increasing
- High child mortality (IMR) because of
a)
Early
childhood
diseases
b)
Inadequate
new
born
care
c)
Child
birth
related
causes
d)
Malnutrition
e) Poor awareness of mothers and society
- Crime against children increased by 24%.
- Increasing sexual abuse and harassment
Child
labour
Child
trafficking
- Drug abuse
Chapters:
1. Rights of Child (page 4) by Shanta Sinha.
Government is striving towards protecting child

rights of freedom and dignity.
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To protect these rights State has the obligation

to provide all structures, institutions and
processes for delivering services to children.
The 12th FYP emphasises on Right based
approach which also includes children as a
proper strategy for inclusive growth.
Recently, government launched RTE Act and
POCSO Act as child centric, right based
approach for development and protection of
children.
Constitutional provisions:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
Article 39 (f)
Article 45
Article 46
Article 21A,
Article 51A
Status of children and daily lives according to
Children in India 2012, a statistical appraisal
More and more children are vulnerable and
marginalised today.
No food to eat.
Little or no health support.
Experiencing hunger daily and suffering from
malnutrition
High infant and child mortality
Children are being trafficked and are working as
migrant or bonded labourers, usually away from
their homes.
Children travel long distance across the States
and vulnerable in relation to environmental
pollution and degradation.
They are vulnerable in relation to abuse, torture
and gross exploitation.
Child marriage and discrimination against girl
child are crucial challenges.
Urban children are vulnerable in relation to
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), HIV and
drug trafficking.
Children are also affected by displacement due
to natural disaster.
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l)
Children are the victims of cruel market forces

and lack access to State services and protective
schemes.
m) Some of the notorious States are Manipur,
Bihar, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Odisha,
Mumbai and Gujarat.
Principles of child centric policies and laws:
Based on the experience of NCPCR, some of the

principles for child centric policies area)
decentralisation
b)
flexibility
c)
institution
building
processes
d)
convergence
e) listening to children and their voices should
inform and guide formulation of policies and
delivering
of
services.
These five principles enable ownership
by the Gram Panchayat and the community of
the programs to protect children and where
they would be involved in addressing the needs
of each and every child.
1.
2.
3.
Justice to Children and related measures:

Child specific jurisprudence
Child focussed procedure court
A well trained cadre of the judiciary on child
rights
4. Adequate space and opportunity for children to
seek justice under human and child friendly
circumstances.
5. For overall maintaining dignity, privacy and
safety of child.
Recent issues:
RTE Act (page 6)
POCSO Act (page 6)
The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act,
2012, which was passed by Parliament in May this year,
came into force on Wednesday.
Under the Act, a child is defined as any person below
the age of 18 and is gender-neutral.
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More importantly, the Act provides precise definitions

of different forms of sexual abuse, including penetrative
and non-penetrative sexual assault, sexual harassment
and pornography.
The Act provides for stringent punishment, graded as
per the gravity of the offence, with a maximum term of
rigorous imprisonment for life for certain offences.
Union Women and Child Development Minister Krishna
Tirath told reporters on Wednesday: In keeping with
the best international child protection standards, the
Act provides for mandatory reporting of sexual
offences. It also prescribes punishment for a person if
he provides false information with intention to defame
any person, including a child. Most importantly, the Act
provides for child friendly procedures for reporting of
offences, recording of evidence, investigation and trial.
Also under Section 45 of the Act, the power to make
rules rests with the Central government.
The rules framed under the Act provide for
qualifications and experience of interpreters,
translators,
special
educators,
and
experts;
arrangements for the care, protection and emergency
medical treatment of the child; compensation payable
to a child who has been the victim of a sexual offence;
and periodic monitoring of the provisions of the Act by
the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights
and the State Commission for Protection of Child Rights.
The rules rely on the structures established under the
Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, to make arrangements for
the care and protection of the child and to ensure that
the person is not re-victimised in the course of
investigation and trial.
Ms. Tirath said: Another important addition is that as
per the rules where a child is taken to a medical facility
for emergency care, no magisterial requisition or other
documentation may be demanded prior to treatment.
The rules also lay down the criteria for award of
compensation by the special court, which include the
gravity of the offence; loss of educational opportunity
or employment; and disability, disease or pregnancy
suffered as a consequence. The compensation may be
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awarded at the interim stage as well as upon
completion of trial.
The RTE and POCSO are monitored and

implemented by NCPCR and SCPCR.
Child rights perspectives in policies and programs:
1. PUCL vs Union of India, 2001 resulted into
legal enforcement of Right to Food.
2. ICDS
programs
and
recent
reforms
a)
06
to
03
years.
b) Anganwadi centres renamed as Bal Vikas
Kendras
c) Education and nutritional security
d) investment and greater role for local bodies.
e)
Bal
Panchayat
d) Hot cooked meals
Mid day meal scheme page 7
Integrated Child Protection Scheme page 7
a) for children in difficult circumstances
b) to protect children against abuse, neglect,
exploitation and abandonment.
2. Malnutrition in Indian Children (Page 10)
3. Preparing for new Child Labour Laws (page 19)
Introduction: Eradication of child labour is possible and
within our reach only if along with the State, corporate
and the society at large dispose their responsibilities
and respect the constitutional and universal rights of
children.
Use of children for exploitative labour was

started from WW 1 and industrial revolution
due to high demand of cheap labour is one of
the most inhuman acts which not only deprives
children of their rights to education, protection,
leisure and play but also endangers their health
and safety as well as growth prospect of their
families, societies and nation at large.
Two
schools
of
thoughtOne
favours
child
labour
Another disfavour child labour
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1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
In India the child labour is prevalent in States

like West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.
Some of the efforts and constitutional
provisions
to
control
child
labour:
1. Article 24, 21, 21A, 39 (f), 45, 46,
2. Child labour (Prohibition and regulation) Act,
1986
3. NGO participation like Bachpan Bachao
Andolan and Global March against child labour
organized
in
May
2012.
4.
Amendments
in
2012
5. Change in the definition 0 18 years,
hazardous 0 18 years, non hazardous
14- 18 years.
Challenges for Govt:
Ascertaining enforceability
Assessing the real magnitude of the problem
Devising
the
appropriate
rehabilitative
measures.
How to meet these challenges:
Identification of hurdles and removing them.
High punishment and penalties for those who
are culprit under child labour as the current
punishment and penalties are very low.
By generating awareness and sensitivity,
capacity building and accountability of the
enforcement machinery at all levels including
supervisory and recommendatory agencies.
By establishing child welfare committees both
at Central, State and District level.
Nation and State Commissions for the
protection of child rights, special courts.
Govt should reassess the magnitude of the
problem and again device some of the new
strategies with the help of NSSO.
Govt should go for the registration process both
at institution and school level to control child
related problems like trafficking, bonded
labour, sexual exploitation, forced beggary and
others.
Govt should monitor over some of the child
labour intensive industries like carpet, glass,
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garments, brick kilns, stone quarries, fire
crackers and some of the child labour prone
districts like Mirzapur, Bhadoi, Aligarh,
Firozabad, Shivakashi, Tiruppur, Delhi NCR,
Jalandhar, Ludhiana and others.
Other initiatives to control child labour:
a) National Child Labour Project Scheme
b)
Juvenile
Justice
Act
c)
Right
to
Education
Act
d)
ILO
Convention
No.
182.
e)
ILO
Convention
No.
138.
f) Enhancing the role of UNESCO and UNICEF in
regard to education and eradication of child
labour.
g) Minimum Wage Act and National Floor level
Minimum
Wage.
h) Enhancing the employment opportunity to
adults which means, they will not send their
children
to
work.
i) Applying the contemporary courts which
means initially education for employment but
now education for empowerment.
Conclusion: Child labour eradication is possible
if everybody think about these malpractices,
corporate must ensure ethically clean and child
labour free value and supply chains and finally
the society as a whole must be honest in
treating all children equally irrespective of their
social and financial background.
Child Welfare policies and programs in India (page 23)
Baseground - already discussed.
Our welfare policies for children are based on the
concept that every child has right to lead a decent life.
The physical, mental and social wellbeing of a child
depends on his/her family as well as social institutions
like family and school.
1. National policy for Children, 1974 some of the
thrust
areas
are
a) reducing IMR, MMR and malnutrition among
children
b) achieving 100% civil registration of birth
c) universalisation of early childhood care and
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development and quality education for all

children.
d) achieving 100% access and retention in
schools
including
pre-schools.
e) complete abolition of female foeticide,
infanticide, child marriage and ensuring the
survival, development and protection of girl
child.
f) improving water and sanitation coverage
both
in
rural
and
urban
areas.
g) securing children from all type of abuse,
exploitation
and
neglect.
h) complete abolition of child labour.
i) monitoring review and reform of policies,
programs and laws to ensure protection of
childrens
interest
and
rights.
j) ensuring child participation and choice in
matter and decisions affecting their lives.
therefore, Jan 24th has been declared as
National Girl Child Day.
2. Constitutional safeguard for Indian children:
Article
15,
15
(1)
Article
21
A
Article
24
Article
39
(f)
Article
45
- Article 243 (g)
3. Legislation
related
to
children:
1. Hindu Adoption and maintenance Act, 1956
2. PCPNDT Act, 1994, amended in 2004.
3. Immoral trafficking prevention Act, 1956
4. Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act,
1986
5. Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, amendment in
2006
and
2011
6. Prohibition of Child marriage Act, 2006
4. Institutional framework for child welfare
- NCPCR set up as statutory body under Min of
women and Child Development in 2007 to
protect, promote and defend child rights in the
country.
- National Institute of Public Cooperation and
Child Development (NIPCCD)- to promote
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voluntary action, research, training and
documentation on women and child
development.
- Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA)
for child adoption guided by Hague Convention.
5. Child
welfare
schemes:
Welfare
Schemes:
1. ICDS (Integrated Child Development Scheme)
2. National Policy on Early Childhood Care and
Education
3. Girl to Girl approach and Balika Mandal
Scheme
Health
and
Nutrition
Schemes:
4. Prime Minister Gramoday Yojana and
Nutritional Program for Adolescent Girls.
5.
National
Nutritional
Mission
6. Pulse Polio immunisation Program.
7.
Universal
Immunisation
Program
8. Reproductive and Child Health Program
9.
National
Rural
Health
Mission
Education
related
Schemes:
1.
RTE,
2009
2.
Sarva
Shiksha
Abhiyan
3.
Mid-day
Meal
Scheme
4. National Program for Education of girls at
elementary
level.
5.
Kasturba
Gandhi
Balika
Vidyalay
6. Scheme for providing quality education in
Madrasas.
7.
Model
School
scheme
8. Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
9.
Inclusive
education
for
disabled
Schemes
for
rehabilitation:
1. Integrated Program for street children by
MoSJE
2. Integrated Program for Juvenile Justice
3.
Child
helpline
1098
4.
Child
budgeting
5. Elimination of Child labour program
6.
National
Child
labour
project
7.
Shishu
Grih
Scheme
8. Scheme for welfare of orphan and destitute
children
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9. Combat trafficking of women and children

schemes
Other Articles which are important in this yojana:

1. Page 34 box - All Children homes to register
Juvenile Act
2. Page 38 Do you know ( What is CARA?)
December 2012
Page 11 Development of infrastructure
Page 23 Approach of 12th FYP regarding Science and
Technology
Page 48 Do You Know What is FDI?
Page 58 Kelkar Committee on Fiscal Consolidation
1. He laid stress on bringing down fiscal deficit
from 5.3% to 3% by 2016 - 17.
2. Kelkar committee worked upon twin deficit
CAD and Fiscal deficit.
3. CAD 4.2% in 2011 and 3.7% in 2012 as per
Min
of
Finance.
Solution of CAD
- FDI, FII, enhancement of
foreign trade, cut down the import bill and gold
bill, deregulation of petroleum and diesel
prices, boosting NRI investments.
4. Fiscal
deficit
solutions:
a) mandatory cut of 10% non-planned
expenditure.
b) Slashing down fuel and food subsidies.
c) Rationalisation of planned expenditure.
d)
GST
and
Direct
Tax
Code
e)
reduction
of
fertiliser
subsidy
f) convergence of programs related to poverty,
food security, employment generation and
human resource development.
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January 2013 Good Governance (Essay
and Paper 3 governance, Paper 5
Ethics)
Introduction:
-
Good governance in India has gone through

many
phases.
First phase: Pre-independence period when
Gandhijis vision of good governance was
there
which
means
democratic
decentralisation.
Second phase: Early 1990, the idea of good
governance had turned into a metaphor of
donor conditionality for debt ridden
countries
of
Asia
and
Africa.
Third phase: Contemporary phase: now the
good governance is based on the demand
for
participatory
development,
transparency and decision making and
empowerment of people to decide and
shape their destiny.
What?
-
Governance refers to interaction between

government and other actors of social
sphere and the process of decision making
in a complex world.
- Good governance can be understood as a
part of complex matrix of relationship
between political and administrative
structure and the society in the process of
decision making, implementation and
accountability.
Core values of Good Governance:
-
Participatory decision making

Accountability and transparency
Efficient
and
responsive
structure
underlying the political system and equity
- Fairness in rule of law
Mechanism related to good governance:
1. RTI
2. File based system to computer based system
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3. Information architecture and infrastructure

4. e-governance with the use of ICT
5. Panchayat Raj Institutions
Some of the important articles:
1. Page 4 challenges of good governance in India
need
for
innovative
approach
Some
of
the
challenges
area)
Rule
of
law
b)
Access
to
justice
c)
Empowerment
d)
Employment
e) Employment and regional diversity
f)
delivery
of
services
g)
administrative
response
h)
criminalisation
of
politics
i)
corruption
j) capacity building
2. Page 23 e- governance need for bottom up
approach.
3. Page 29 Rural e-governance in India.
1.
UNDP
definition
of
e-governance
2. Application of e-governance for inclusive
development
a)
Community
management
system
b)
knowledge
management
system
c)
information
management
system
d)
transition
management
system
3.
Rural
e-government
initiatives:
a) Computerised rural information structure
project (CRISP) aimed at facilitating the DRDA
to
eliminate
poverty.
b) CRISP Ruralsoft 2000 software.
c) National e-government Action Plan, 2003
d) State Wide Area Network project (SWAN)
4. Rural
e-government
projects
a)
echoupal
b)
DRUSHTI
c)
Aakaashganga
d)
Gyandoot
e)
Jagrati
e-seva
f) Rural access to services through internet
(RASI)
g)
TATA
Kisan
Kendra
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h)
Lok
mitra
i)
M-logue
j)
Bellandoor
project
k) Kisan Call Centres
5. Suggestions to maintain good e-governance in
rural
India:
1. Cost reduction and efficiency gains
2. Quality of service delivery to business and
customer
3. Transparency, anti corruption and
accountability
4. Network and community creation
5. Improving the quality of decision making
Other
articles:
1. Page 38 Corruption, Participatory development and
good
governance
2. Page 45 Impact of e-governance on good
governance
3. Page 69 boxes Census information Indian
software launched and Rural business hub scheme
February 2013: Development and Direct Benefit

Transfer Paper 3 governance.
Introduction: Why DBT is important for India?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
To control the corruption

To reduce the fiscal deficit
As per the right based approach
Eradication of poverty, hunger, malnutrition,
Financial inclusion
For the purpose of Panchayat Raj Participation
and decentralisation.
7. E-connectivity in rural India.
Historical
perspective
of
DBT:
1. Guided by program of Brazil (Bolsa familia), Mexico
(Oportuni dades) and Sri Lanka (Samrudhi Kosh)
2. In India, DBT rolled out initially in 20 districts in 7
programs with the help of Aadhaar card to control the
leakages and enhance the participation of people with
target of social inclusion and inclusive growth.
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Important
articles:
1. Page 4 Cash benefits and politics of reform
2. Page 16 Cash transfer and social security
3. Page 23 What can we expect from DBT?
a) More efficiency in programs like MGNREGA
b)
A
mechanism
of
good
governance
c)
solving
the
problem
of
delays
d)
rationalisation
of
subsidies
e)
control
the
leakages
and
corruption
f)
elimination
of
ghost
beneficiaries.
Design
of
the
pilot
project:
a)
identification
of
the
beneficiaries
b) benefit transfer to the beneficiary based on an
Aadhaar
payment
bridge
platform
c) use of the benefit by the beneficiary
All these things happened with the help of local district
administration, Aadhaar card number with the help of
UIDAI agency and business correspondence.
Issues
related
to
DBT:
a) illiteracy and poor awareness among people
b)
poor
infrastructure
c) delays as evident by Kotkasim village case study and
others.
4. Page 28 & 29 DBT the modalities diagrams
5. Page 38 - Cash Transfer Delivery Mechanism
6. Page 40 DBT through Aadhaar projected benefits
a)
PDS
b)
MGNREGA
c) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and Mid-day meal scheme
d)
Fertilizer
subsidies
e)
LPG
subsidies
f)
Indira
Awas
Yojana
g)
Scholarship
related
schemes
h)
pension
related
schemes
i)
Janani
Suraksha
Yojana
j) National Rural Health Mission, ASHA workers and
their working
7. Page 57 Different type of Cash transfer
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March 2013 Union Budget
Page 0 Highlights of the budget
Page 3 Introduction
Page 6 12th Plan projects investment and
infrastructure.
Page 8 How is the union budget formulated
Page 14 taxation highlights of union budget
Page 17 box FRBM and GST.
Page 20 box new measures for the welfare of SC, ST,
Women and minorities.
Page 26 Budget concept and terminologies.
Page 47 gender issues budget proposals.
Page 54 economic survey an overview.
Page 67 vocational education and skill development
12th FYP.
April 2013 Disability (paper 2, paper 5 and essay)
Page 0 Pathways between poverty and disability
Page
3
Introduction
a) the great personalities like Einstein, Mozart, Newton
and Darwin were autistic and they were not dependent
on
others.
b) Hellen Keller was the role model for all disabled
persons
in
the
world.
c) disability affected their bodies but their spirit,
triumph against all odds to achieve success for
themselves and contribute to a better world.
d) indeed disability is less of a bodily deprivation and
more of a socio psychological construct that denies a
person the human right to realise his full potential. But
it is a very harsh problem in 21st century as according to
2001 census India has close to 2 crore people who are
disabled. According to WHO, close to 1bn people in the
world live with disabilities of various kind.
e) Physical disability is quite often associated with social
discrimination
and
exclusion.
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f) there is a close linkage between poverty and

disability.
g) It is a distressing fact that the disabled people have
much fewer access to education, employment and
other opportunities in life. The enrolment ratio of
disabled children is just 5% in compare to national
average
of
90%.
h) Disability is an umbrella term for impairments,
activity limitations and participation restrictions.
i) the understanding about disability has moved away
from a biological perspective to question of
accessibility,
inclusion
and
empowerment.
j) Article 41 of the Indian constitution deals with the
issue of disability in the context of right to work and
education.
k) In 12th FYP, govt policies moved away from welfare
oriented policies to right based approach.
ex: recently passed Mental Healthcare and
rehabilitation Act and Marrakesh Accord for blind
people.
l) the only comprehensive law present in our country is
Persons with Disability (equal protection of rights and
full participation) Act, 1995. To change this Act, the new
Bill is under consideration. The new Bill wants to avoid
multiplicity of authority and duplicity of institutions.
Some questions which are vital in disability issue
1. Children with disability be sent to inclusive
schools or there is a need to have special
schools for such children.
2. Mental disorders are now known to be a major
cause of disability all over the world.
The reasons behind disability in our country:
1. Health:
a)
b)
Japanese
c)
d)
e)
f) genetics
2. Road Accidents
3. Industrial accidents
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Polio
Encephalitis
Cataract
Glaucoma
Malnutrition
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Problems associated with disability in our country
1. Social problems (demography, sex ratio, taboo,
discrimination)
2. Economic problem they are acting as burden
3. Psychological problems ( depression, anxiety)
4. Health related problems (poor health infrastructure,
poor
accessibility)
5. Others( recreation, cinema, entertainment)
Some
of
the
important
Page 4 understanding disability
articles:
Page 13 Intellectual and developmental disability in

India
Page 33 box - Different approach to asking about
disability in census.
Page 42 Do You Know?
Page 50 Human Development Report, 2013
Page 57 Key entitlements under Persons with
Disability Act, 1995
May 2013 Social Media
Page 0 Hackton
Page 3 introduction
Environment means perceived space in

which biotic and abiotic components are
interacting.
- Environment and related sustainability was
started during Rachel Carsons book Silent
Spring
- Environmentalism movement started in the
world.
- Chronology:
1970 Meadows model of Limits to
Growth also known as Club of Rome.
1972 Stockholm Conference Man and
Human
environment
1992 Earth Summit (CBD, UNFCC,
Desertification, Agenda 21 for sustainable
development)
1997
Kyoto
Protocol
2012 Durban Platform for Action
- Other schemes like CITES, IUCN for
endangered species.
- Cartagena protocol for GMO and LMO.
- Stockholm Convention Persistent Organic
Pollutants
- Rotterdam Convetion fertilizer chemicals
Introduction:
-
Page 5 democratisation of information

Page 14 explosion and digital space opportunities
and challenges in India. (Cyber security and threat and
role of social media)
Page 21 what is Bit coin?
Page 29 Social media and political communication in

India
Page 48 social media and the society network self

and others
-
Page 61 Social media sites.

June 2013 Envt and Sustainable development
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Envt problem is an age old problem evident

during Sumer civilization in Mesopotamia
more than 4000 years ago because of
salinity and alkalinity.
It was a largest man made catastrophe
caused by environmental problem.
Other civilizations impacted by ecological
problems were Indus Valley, Greek, Roman
and others.
Environment is an issue that does not really
obey the boundaries that we have erected
on a map. Therefore, its a global problem.
Some of the prominent issues of the
environment
are
1.
Green
House
gases
2. High use of fertiliser and ground water
and
surface
water
contamination
3. Issues related to the exotic plants and
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animals
4. Issues related to the ecosystem services
5. Issues related to ozone layer
6. Issues related to the persistent organic
pollutants
Solutions:
1.
Intergovernmental
collaborations
2. Individual countries and their perspective
plans like Climate Parliament of India
3. Various UN Conventions and protocols
4. Role of NGO like Green Peace in
generating
awareness
13. India organized CoP 11 for the effective

implementation of Nagoya Protocol
14. National Action Plan for Climate Change and its
8 missions
15. National Green Tribunal
16. National Biodiverisyt Authority, Chennai
Page 5 Integrating sustainability to Indian Planning.
Page 11 Climate risk critical challenges
Page 18 - Changing dynamics (paper 3)
Page23 Do You Know? Carbon Credits
The great thinker and proponent of

intermediate technology E F Schumacher
observed that the problem of environment
deterioration is not just technical but it
stems from the life cycle of the modern
world. Its most basic belief its
METAPHYSIC. We must realise the essential
unity of the universe and the
interconnectedness of the existence of all
life forms, indeed all of nature. It is the time
we adopted the Zulu philosophy of Ubuntu
which translate into You are therefore I am.
Indias strategies to control environmental degradation:
1. Van Mahotsav
2. Chipko Movement (Uttarakhand) and Appiko
Movement (Karnataka)
3. Role modelling of communities like Vishnoi
people.
4. Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
5. Forest Conservation Act, 1980
6. Environmental Protection Act, 1986
7. Concept of Ecosensitive Zones
8. Coastal regulation Zone
9. Ganga River Basin Authority
10. EIA mechanism
11. Concept of National Park, Biosphere Reserve
and Wildlife Sancturay
12. Recent committees for biodiversity protection
like Madhav Gadgil and Kasturi Rangan
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Page 36 Western Ghats Madhav Gadgil and Kasturi

Rangan
July 2013 Public Service Broadcasting
No article
August 2013 Inclusive Democracy V V IMP

Page 0 National Food Security Ordinance and Weekly
Iron and Folic Acid.
Introduction:
1. Gandhiji was influenced by John Ruskins book
Unto this last where Ruskin criticised Industrial
society of 19th century Britain. Gandhiji because
of this translated the term Sarvodaya.
2. Gandhiji utilized the utilitarian principle
greatest good of the greatest number of
people.
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3. Gandhiji insisted that true happiness of the
society can be realised only by making the
person standing at the lowest rung happy.
4. The good of the individual is contained in the
welfare of all.
5. This idea of inclusion forms the moral
underpinning and the core of Gandhian concept
of Swaraj.
6. Gandhiji in his Tryst with Destiny said India
needed to infuse democracy with the energy of
inclusiveness.
7. Parliamentary
democracy
is
mainly
characterised by universal adult franchise but in
broader terms, if we want to include the
inclusiveness, we should eliminate the social
suffering and social discrimination. Therefore,
inclusive democracy presupposes the freedom
to various social and religious groups to practice
their faith without any fear.
8. Inclusive democracy structure institutionalised
the value of freedom, equality, secularism
and social justice.

9. Inclusiveness is premised on a fundamental
change in the power structure of State and
society to empower the marginalised and
rework their relationship in a non-hierarchical
and equitable manner.
10. To inculcate the dimension of inclusiveness, GoI
introduced the right based approach to social
entitlements like Right to Information, Right to
Food, Right to Education, MGNREGA and so on.
Conclusion: we have come a long way, we have to go a
long way. Inclusiveness is the future. Power to the
people is the future. Let us keep ears to the ground and
listen to the horizon whispering ever so softly the meek
shall inherit the earth
Page 4 towards holistic Panchayat Raj
a)
Gandhiji
definition
of
Panchayat
Raj
rd
b) Gandhiji elements to Panchayat Raj through 73 , 74th
and
PESA
Act.
c)
Examples
showing
limitations
of
PRIs.
1.
Poverty
is
increasing
day
by
day
2. Poor performance of 12th FYP with high leakages and
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corruption
3. Poor ranking HDI and Global Hunger Index
4.
CAG
report
5. In some States, PRIs will become the Sarpanch Raj
because of the bureaucratic hurdles.
3 Fs of PRI Function, Finance and Functionaries.
Appraisal
PESA
Act
Solutions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Internet connectivity to all PRIs

Community participation
Sound finances
Effective implementation of 5th and 6th Schedule
Page 14 Copyrights and Copywrongs.

Page 22 VV Imp article Secularism and Inclusive
society Paper 3 and Paper 5.
Page 44 Durlabh Singh innovator
Page 49 poverty and related issues box
Page 53 inclusive democracy, a Gandhian perspective
(ethics)
Page 73 PRISM and Nitaqat.
September 2013 Education for all
Page 0 Khidmat
Introduction: Why we need education in our country?
1. Because of our demography - As India is right
now enjoying the demographic dividend
2. To control superstition in our country
3. For women empowerment
4. For environmental conservation
5. Human resource mobilisation
6. For the overall development and prosperity of
economy.
Historical Perspective:
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India has had a long tradition of well established

educational system. That stretches back to the era
of Upanishads or perhaps even earlier. Initially in
the form of shruthi and smriti.
The legendary universities in Nalanda, Taxashila and
Vikramshila were known not just for religious
learning but also for practical education in the field
of science, astronomy, medicine and philosophy.
Mithila and Nadia were famous centres of Nyay
school of philosophy.
In the medieval period too, we had a great number
of Madrasas and Maktabas who imparted a good
knowledge to the people. Places like Delhi, Jaunpur,
Sindh and in the British period, the Hunter and the
Woods Dispatch initiated the dimension of Eastern
Western educational system in India.
Some socio- religious reformers also initiated the
education reforms in the pre-independent India like
Bethune school for women learning.
Some of the vital questions related to education in the
present time:
What is the purpose of education?

What kind of human being we wish to create by
schooling?
How does an educated person relate to the society
and the world?
The predominant thrust of the modern education
system seems to be the promotion of technocratic,
meritocratic view and creation of a class of people
who accept rather than question. Acquiesce rather
than confront.
The radical potential of education has been

understood deeply by thinkers like Gandhi,
Arabindo, Tagore, Krishnamurthy and others.
Gandhi led great emphasis on integration of body,

mind and soul of the learner.
In another view, education is seen as a process of

awakening of the true potential of the student,
progressive unfolding of the whole person to allow
the spirit of creativity and freedom to blossom.
Such an educational system would encourage the
students to question, doubt and challenge and
develop in them not only an awareness of this
freedom but a will to exercise it. And the
intellectual power and perspective to do so
effectively.
Indias journey towards education:

1948 - Radhakrishnan Commission
1965 Kothari Commission
1986 National Policy on Education
2009 Right to Education
4 broad categories:
Primary Education:
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
Mid-day Meal Scheme
It is no wonder that an environment is created

where docility abounds, while the strength of spirit
and courage of conviction faulter. Discipline is
valued and spontaneity is resented.
RTE
Secondary education:
Jawaharlal Nehru Navodaya Vidyalaya
The great challenge today is to evolve an

educational system that is dialogic and promotes
creative engagement with the world for social
transformation.
Aspire IAS
Kendriya Vidyalayas
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
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Higher Education:
Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyaan
Page 14 Indigenous languages on the brink
Higher institutions like IIT, IIMs, NITs, ITIs an

Politechniques
Page 31 Inclusion, equity an elementary education

Page 35 Surrogacy and the proposed law.
Page 51 National Skill certification and Monetary
reward scheme launched - Vocational education
Adult literacy:
Sakshar Bharat 60 million women and 10 million men
Page 57 Skills for all

Vocational education or functional literacy, human
resource mobilisation and for the rehabilitation of
unorganized sector:
Page 64 Hunar se Rozgar program

October 2013 Growth, Employment and Poverty
National Skill Development Corporation
Introduction:
Meta University
1. Growth
perspective
in
India
2nd
FYP
Mahalanobis
model
4th
FYP
Equality
5th FYP Growth and development
11th FYP inclusive growth
2. We can understand growth and its
componenets by understanding when a
dignitary visiting
from Brazil in 1971 asked its head about the economic
situation of the country to which he replied the
economy is doing fine but the people are not. This
captures the paradox of growth that doesnt create
employment and reduces poverty.
3. The close inter-relationship with growth,
employment and poverty has been a matter of
debate and dispute among economists. The
trickle down theory of economic growth has
long lost its relevance and it is well recognized
that growth may not be enough to achieve the
objectives employment and reduction of
poverty.
4. How far growth will impact poverty depends
upon its employment generating capacity.
5. In India, despite having a high overall growth
rate, the extent and quality of employment
generation has been low.
National Vocational Education Qualification Framework

(NVEQF)
Obama Singh Knowledge Initiative Community
Colleges
Jodo-phodo-todo
Himayat of Jammu and Kashmir
NIOS Vocational education courses
National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) or Aajeevika
Swarnajayanthi Shehari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
SABLA 16 18 years
Swayamsiddha
Dilli Samajik Suvidha Sangam
Rashtriya Mahila Kosh
Manual
Scavenging
Rehabilitation) Act, 2013
(Prevention,
Prohibition,
National Skill certification and Monetary reward scheme

Hunar se Rozgar program
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14

Aspire IAS
Yojna notes-2014
o
6. In India, employment generation has mostly

come from the low productivity informal sector.
7. According to one estimate, between 2000
2010 63 million workers were added to the
workforce out of which 70% were added to
informal sector and rest into organized sector.
Other articles:
Page 4 Measuring poverty
Page 9 NULM and land Acquisition Bill
Page 17 DEMAND FOR SMALLER STATES IN INDIA
IMPENDING DANGERS (VV IMP for Paper 2 post
independence reorganization)
Page 25 cycle of economic growth,employment and
poverty.
Page 27 Experience of growth and poverty in S Asia
and East Asia.
Page 30 Depreciation in Rupee Causes and impact
ahead
November 2013 Land and Natural Resources
Page 5 A new beginning in water in the 12th Plan
Mihir Shah
Page 13 - e-government potential and challenges
Page 41 Development Roadmap
Page 43 Women farmers entitlement Bill
Page 50 National Mission on Oil seed and oil palm
Page 62 Shale gas and Escrow account
Page 67- Organic dreams
Page 69 Bharatendu Harischandra Award
January 2014
First all women bank inaugurated.

o Bharatiya Mahiha Bank
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Women
employedpredominantly
women
o Already 7 branches
o 25 by the end of 2014
o 771 branches by 2020
o Interest rate of 4.5% upto 1lakh and 5%
above
o Priority to women specific
o Bank staff on deputation on deputation
from other banks
o Insurance and mutual fund with other
banking products
o 8 member all women board of director
o Capital base of 1000crore
o First bank in public sector by an act of
parliament (other PCB nationalized by
1969)
Prohibition of employment as manual
scavengers and their rehab 2013
o Prohibits construction and maintenance
of insanitary latrines
o Ban on employment or engagement of
any person as manual scavengers
o For manual scavenging employment 2
years imprisonment and 2lakh fine 2nd
time 5 year and 5 lakh and toilet 2 years
and 2 lakh
o Major responsibility for municipality
and railways
o National Safai Karmachari board for
monitoring and surveillance
o Rehabilitation and resettlement in time
bound framework
o Photo id card
o Initial cash assistance
o Train in livelihood skills, scholarship to
their children
o Allotment of residential plots and
financial assistance for construction
o Concessional loans with subsidy
o Free legal assistance
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o
Monitoring mechanism handled by

district magistrate and SDM chairs
vigilance committee
o Chief minister of the state would be
chairperson
of
the
monitoring
committee at the state level and Minsiter
of social justice at centre
o National survey of manual scavengers in
both urban and rural areas
o Construction of sanitary community
latrines in urban areas within 3 years
Endangered language
o Scheme for protection and promotion of
endangered languages SPPEL
o Ministry of HRD
o Implemented by CIIL Mysuru
o Scheme will identify document and
make measures to protect endangered
documents
o CCIL identified 520 languages
o Coordination and co-operation with
nation universities
o This scheme because of failure of
UNESCO in recognizing endangered
languages
(Tribal and marginal communities
ESSAY Paper 1 POST
Independence Pub Ad, Sociology,
Anthropology)
Page no. 3
Nehru was the first persons to give the five

fundamental principles to draw a framework for
the development of tribal people Elwins book
A Philosophy for North Eastern Frontier Area.
Nehru vision of tribal development
o Need to respect tribal rights in land and
forest
o Tribal development related articles
At21, 39, 43, 46, 342, 244(1), 244 (2),
275, 338(1),
All tribal problems has historical base in India
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Indian forest act of 1927 introduced Res

Nullius which implies that any property
which doesnt have a documented legal
owner can be appropriated by the
government (British misused this
principle)
o Concept of Eminent Domain origin
from Land Acquisition Act 1894 gives
govt the first right to acquire any land
for public purpose (taking away the
traditional right of tribal people over
land and natural resources)
Other problems
o Displacement and deprivation due to big
infrastructure due to big infrastructure
projects
o Poor market for their forest produce
o Political boundaries without the
knowledge of tribal areas - 2 states 2
different policies
o Intrusion from outside world
o Poor performance of PESA
Government role
o Protecting their culture and livelihood is
the fundamental duty of the state
o Constitutional provisions and their best
implementation
o Van Bandu Kalyan Yojana
Van Bandhu Kalyan Yojana to Develop Blocks as
Model Blocks over the Period of Next Five Years
Re-Engineering Education Schemes to Fillng the
Critical GAP
10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394
Union Minister for the Ministry

of Tribal Affairs, Shri Jual
Oram yesterday here said that
the Union Government in the
current financial year 2014-15,
has introduced Van Bandhu
Kalyan Yojna (VKY) as Central
Sector
Scheme
with
an
allocation of Rs. 100 crore. He
said
that
the
Central
Government
proposes
to
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16

Aspire IAS
Yojna notes-2014
replicate the intervention with
special focus on the qualitative
and sustainable employment for
tribal
families;
bridging
infrastructure gaps with focus
on quality; improving the
quality of education and health
and improving the quality of life
in
tribal
areas.
The Minister informed that
there are about 350 Blocks in
the Schedule V areas where
population to STs compared to
total population of the Block is
50% or above. Despite several
interventions in the past, these
Blocks are still reeling under
various facets of deprivation in
so far as Human Development
Indices are concerned. Through
VKY, it is envisaged to develop
these Blocks as model Blocks
over the period of next five
years with qualitative and
visible infrastructural facilities
enabling congenial environment
to further the mission of
sustainable
Development.
Shri Oram states that for the
current year 2014-15, it is
proposed to implement a pilot
project in one block each of the
ten Schedule V States within the
limited financial resources
provided under Scheme, and
possibly one Block outside fifth
schedule with substantive tribal
population and low HDI. An
amount of Rs 10.00 crore will
be earmarked for the each Block
totaling at Rs. 100 Crore. The
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selection of block will be made

in consultation with the
respective State Governments
while taking into account the
human development indices.
Successful completion of the
initiative taken during 2014-15
would be followed by execution
of Perspective Plan during the
next five years in respect of all
blocks with dominant tribal
population and low HDI.
Shri Oram further informed that
the proposed intervention is
aimed at adopting a holistic
approach to create an enabling
environment
for
overall
development of the Tribal
people with sustainability while
ensuring
qualitative
and
sustainable
employment;
emphasis on quality education
& higher education; accelerated
economic development of tribal
areas; health for all; housing for
all; safe drinking water for all at
doorsteps; irrigation facilities
suited to the terrain; all weather
roads with connectivity to the
nearby town/cities; universal
availability of electricity; urban
development;
robust
institutional mechanism to roll
the vehicle of development with
sustainability; promotion and
conservation of tribal cultural
heritage and promotion of
Sports
in
tribal
Areas.
The Minister said that the
scheme is to be implemented
through robust institutional
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17

Aspire IAS
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mechanism in a mission mode
while
equipping
these
institutions
with
proper
infrastructure
and
well
capacitated manpower to gear
up the process of monitoring
and implementation of activities
translating
into
tangible
outcomes. For the purpose, a
Project Implementation Cell
manned with 26 professionals
will be set up at the Tribal
Welfare Department of each
State.
Earlier Shri Oram said that pace
of development of the tribal
people is slower and much more
challenging than rest of the
social groups. Even though
Special Component Plan and
specific programmes have been
run by the government, there is
a wide gap in development
between tribal communities and
other
social
groups.
Government of Gujarat faced
this challenge with a 10 point
Chief Ministers programme for
tribal development, named Van
BandhuKalyanYojana (VKY).
This Programme is outcome
oriented and implemented in
project mode and has achieved
large amount of success.
Emphasizing the need of
education to tribal peoples the
Minister said that, education is
considered as the backbone of
development, both at the
individual
household
and
societal levels. But educating
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the tribal children has been a

challenge for the Government
for
various
socio-cultural,
economic,
ecological
and
administrative reasons. Despite
Government initiatives and
efforts to promote education
among STs, the literacy among
STs as compared to national
average has remained low and
the female literacy rate has been
still lower compared to national
literacy
rate.
Shri Oram said that the Ministry
of Tribal Affairs with its
mandate of critical gap filling, is
re-engineering the education
Schemes. The objective of reengineering is to provide
adequate
educational
infrastructure like residential
schools, tribal languages as
medium of instruction etc. for
STs and incentive for education
for ST children through
scholarships. This is to be
achieved through convergence
of Schemes of line Ministries
along with simplification of
process
for
availing
Scholarships and also through
technological aids in improving
learning abilities.
Page 4
Constitutional provision, laws and tribes

Virginius XAXA
o The base of this article the same laws
which were enacted by government to
protect the private people are now
responsible for marginalization of these
people
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Problem in the identification of tribal people and

hard to understand the definition of tribal people
Inspite of Nehru being the first person to talk of
their rights stills they is not enjoying traditional
rights, forest rights and their custom oriented
rights.
Their rights mainly disturbed during British
period (Res Nullius, Eminent Domain,
introduction of new and uniform civil and
criminal law)
Setting up of new administrative structures
In the modern times due to increasing
urbanisation, industrialization and growth
oriented - which is against Mahatma Gandhis
model
Constitutional provisions Article 342, 330,
332, 19(5), 29 Language. 14(4), 16(4), 46
The provision in the constitution ranges to
providing representation in parliament, state
legislatures including special privileges in the
form of reservation (7.5%) both in government
jobs and educational institutions.
The constitution aimed at safeguarding,
protecting and promoting the interest of tribal
people
Of all the provisions protective discrimination
has been seen as one of the most important
rights given to tribal people
Problems
o Inability of the state to fill up the quota
o Extension of reservation to candidates
from the category are not automatic
o High illiteracy,
Page 9
Limits to Law - democracy and governance
Critical analysis of article 244
Page 13
Islamic Banking
o Based on principle of Islam
o Interest should not be charged on money
lent
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Emphasis on risk sharing and profit

sharing
o Charging of interest is prohibited as it
gives lender an edge over borrower
o Islamic development Bank one of the
first raised in this principle
Open source initiative of Software
o Software that can be freely used
changed and shared by anyone
o It can be distributed under license
o First initiated in USA
o Objective of OSS is to build bridges
among different constituencies in the
open source for the good of the
community.
Page 15
Climate change and State preparedness

o Climate is the sum of weather trend over
a long period of time.
o The first person to recognize climate
change is Rachel Carson and Daniel
Patrick Moynihan and Indira Gandhi,
Richard Nixon was the panel members.
o Real effort initiated in 1992 after the
efforts of 1993
Evidences of climate change
o Increase in summer temperature
o Shorter but severe winter
o More erratic rainfall distribution
o Severe and more frequent fog
o More frequent occurrence of extreme
events like floods and draughts
o Occurrence of acidic rain, forest fire and
declining agricultural productivity
o Global warming impacts all stake
holders and all the departments of the
economy
o Climate is a Global issue with Local
Consequences
o Climate is a dynamic system of
interaction
between
atmosphere,
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hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface

and biosphere
Causes of climate change
o Natural
Volcanic eruption
Changes in the inclination of
earth
Changes in the geo magnetic
field of earth
Sun hotspot activity
Continental drift
o Anthropogenic
Land use changes
Exploration of fossil fuels,
congested
urbanisation,
deforestation and vehicular
emission
If not controlled temperature
would increase by 4 degree
centigrade by 2100
According to IPCC since 1950 warmest years
were 2002, 2005
o Climate is affected by multiple factors
Solar radiation with latitudes
Distribution of land and water
Mountain barriers
Ocean temperature and ocean
currents
Altitude
Vegetation cover
o Three main features of climate change
are noticeable
Deviation from mean magnitude
Phase
difference
from
periodicity
Altered
frequency
of
occurrences
o Various uncertainties regarding climate
change
How climate change will vary
regionally is a grey area
Uncertain impact of climate
change on different sectors
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Possible
surprising
consequences
from
unanticipated effects
o Anthropogenic activities and climate
change
Water vapor, CO2, Sulphur
Dioxide, Carbon monoxide,
CFC, HFC
o CBD identified the following changes
Global mean sea level rose by
10 to 20cm
Overall volume of glaciers in
Switzerland decreased
Arctic ice thickness and early
autumn decreased by 40%
Mount Kenya lost 92% of its ice
mass
40-60% decrease in total
available water in lake Niger,
Chad and Senegal
The retreat of 70% of sandy
shoreline
Northward movement by some
100km of Alaska boreal forest
GHG emission China, USA,
EU, Russia and India
GHG emission sector in India
Electricity,
Agriculture,
transport, residential sector and
cement.
Climate change and India
o 60% of Indian Agriculture prone to
earthquake, 40% to flood damage, 68%
prone to draught
o 76% of coastal region prone to hurricane
Solutions
o International missions like
India
France
Megha
trophiques
o River front management
o Flood protection management
o Decentralization of climate change
planning
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o Community participation
o Social acceptability
Mitigation Efforts
o According to a priority every state
should maintain its own strategy
o State action plan for mitigation of
different stages
o 20 states already prepared their SAP
o Gujarat the only state to have separate
dept for climate change
o Bottom up approach for the plan
o Capacity
building
by
imparting
technical skills
o Designing of clean development
mechanisms
o Participatory management at local level
o Reviving of Indias old tradition
o Indias commitment towards REDD+
(Reducing emission from Deforestation
and forest degradation) through Green
India Mission
o Joint forest management commitment
o FRA 2008
o Neo Liberalism
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Stop and Go determinism and
Environmentalism
o Participation of NGO
Recent efforts
o NAPCC and 8 sub missions
o Climate smart Agriculture
o Green Building and GRIHA and LEED
o Dry land Area Agriculture
o IWSDP
o MRTS
o National Bio Fuel Policy and ethanol
mixing
o Promotion of LED lamps
o BEE and Star rating appliances
o National Agro Forestry Policy
o Promotion of renewable energy
o Vision paper 2030
o Controlling impact of urban heat island
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Page 26
North Eastern Development

o Assam now with a upper house
o Arunachal Pradesh new tourism
destination
o Bamboo architecture (Shigeru Ban)
Page 27
National food security act and concern w.r.t

tribals
o NFSB not tackling the diversity of India
o Tribal people demands their own food in
which they are highly talented
o It should be recognized that the
procurement of the food at least among
some communities keeps alive many
aspects of traditional skills, ecology and
culture and that such communities
perform an important service in
monitoring their service environments
o Food security is both affordability and
accessibility of the quantity of the food
and quality of the food in terms of
macro and micro nutrients.
Solution
o Promotion of traditionally harvested
food that is more than 400 varieties
(Yams,
Cassava,
Mushroom,
Amaranths, tuber, fish, crab)
o These foods not only satisfy their
hunger and provided them livelihood
security
o It is the responsibility of state
government to first make an assessment
of the kinds of foods the local people are
able to access from the environment
o Whether these foods are available as in
early years or are declining in yield
o Whether there were other species
available in past but not now
o The non reasons for declining or
disappearances of various food species
from an area
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Yojna notes-2014
o
Whether there have been any efforts to

revive the availability of food species in
these areas.
Page 36
J&K National Saffron Mission
Page 38
SCSP and Tribal Sub Plan critical analysis
Page 43
Five fundamental principles

development J N Nehru
of
tribal
Page 63
SABLA the road to empowerment and self

esteem of adolescent girls
o Adolescence is a phase during which
major physical and psychological
changes take place in children along
with changes in their social perceptions
and expectations
o Adolescence is also the stage when
young people extend their relations
beyond parents and their family and
intensely influenced by peers and
outside world
o This is the time they need maximum
understanding and caring
o 1.2billion adolescent in the world (1019yrs)
o What they need
Quality education
Basic sexual and reproductive
health care and knowledge
Support for mental health issues
and disability
Protection from violence Abuse and exploitation
Forums for active participation
o Women need more care than adolescent
boys especially in 10-19yrs age group
o Government strategy
Kishori Shakti Yojana
Aspire IAS
SABLA
Rashtriya
kishor
Swastya
Karyakram
ICDS
NRHM
India New Born Action Plan
o Why we need it
To control school dropouts
To
control
the
anaemic
condition and rising IMR and
MMR
To control the increasing
disability
To prevent rising HIV AIDS
and STDs
To control still births and
stuntedness in population
Overall
empowerment
of
women
Critical analysis of SABLA
o SABLA 11-18yrs, upgrading of Rajiv
Gandhi Scheme for empowerment of
Adolescent Girls
o Implemented through ICDS platforms
o All round development of adolescent
girls with focus on out of school girls
o 11-14 and 14-18yrs to make them self
reliant
o 600 calories of food and 18 to 20g of
protein 300 days in a year
o Hot cooked meal or take home ration
o Adolescent girls also provided with non
nutrition
services
like
IFA
supplementation
and
nutrition
counseling
o Health education and counseling
vocational education 16-18yrs, skills
and leadership, problem solving and
decision making
o NGO also providing counseling service
under ARSH
o Proper PRI participation to achieve
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SHG headed by Sakhi assisted by
Saheli
o Every SABLA is given a Kishori card to
take the services
Critical analysis
o Only few states are performing better
like Tamil Nadu is very good and Delhi
poor.
o SHG are not properly arranged
o Poor coordination among different
agencies
o Quality food is not present properly
o Kishori cards are not properly
functioning
o Illiteracy is still very high guided by
high corruption and poverty
o Age groups are different in different
schemes
SABLA endeavors to have adolescent girls with
enhanced self esteem and improved nutrition
and health status
o
It aims to provide them with enhanced skill and

capacity
to
make
informed
choice
March 2014
ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS
Page3
According to KAFKAs lament every

revolution dissipates and leaves behind only the
slime of a new bureaucracy, not withstanding
democracy has remained the lodestar on the
political firmament of nations
Indian administration over a period of time
converted from Sevak to Sahib, it is the right
time that we again converted into Saheb to
Sevak.
The steel frame needed to flow with the spirit of
service without which it becomes a cage
arresting change, frustrating innovation and
ultimately becoming the cause of social unrest.
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Disaffection and violence

We should control the corruption from patwari
to secretary
To make administration people oriented,
responsive, transparent, effective and efficient
Legislative measures like RTI, Lokpal, Supreme
court, NGO and pressure groups are seen to be
major instruments to control the corruption
If theres fire on the mountain
Or lightening and storm
And a god speaks from sky
That means someone is hearing
The outcry and the birth-cry
Of new life at its term (SEAMUS HEANEY)
Page 4
Reforming public services (5 star article)

o Weberaian model (now criticised by
world as it creates structural emphasis)
o New Public Management adopted for
dramatic increase in public service
efficiency
o
o The main philosophy of NPM is
devolution of authority
customer focus
o In India even after so many committees
and recommendations we are having
bureaucratic machines for which people
of this country are paying a heavy price.
o Main reasons for poor functioning of
public services
Absence of accountability
Outdated laws
Rules and procedures
High degree of centralization
Poor work culture
Lack of professionalism
Politicization of services
o Fundamental reforms
Bringing
accountability
in
public services
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Aspire IAS
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Emphasize performance
Competition and specialist
knowledge for senior level
appointments
Enforce effective disciplinary
regime
Transforming work culture
Streamlining
rules
and
procedures
Privatization and contracting out
Performance based organization
Challenge
India is a Soft State said by
Gunnar Myrdal Nobel prize
winning sociologist
It is time India makes
realizations and takes actions to
alleviate poverty, illiteracy,
malnutrition and deprivation
from the country
Make India a prosperous place
to live
o
o
Page 9
Governance Civil Service and political

interface
o Two important issues facing the nation
today are
Economic growth acceleration
how benefits of growth and
development can flow to the
citizens in an efficient manner
o there is a strong view that corruption in
civil service is endemic and funds
provided by government leak very badly
o there are large technological changes
taking place in our society, therefore
people demand highest order of
excellence from the government
o The independence of civil service in
giving advice in policy making is an
important issue that has affected the
Aspire IAS
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functioning of civil service in recent

years.
In the initial years of independence
1950-60 the relations ship between civil
service and politicians was of trust and
non-partisan working of civil servants
This trust has gradually given way to
segmentization of civil servants and
their politicization in many cases.
Two different type of relationships have
emerged
First cover those who try to
maintain a degree of integrity
and upright behavior
Second those senior civil
servants who cozy up to the
political executive and go along
irrespective of the civil service
norms and behavior
The civil service provides an exciting
opportunity full of exciting challenges
Norms for civil servant
Maintain high personal integrity
Be fair in administering law
policies,
administrative
decisions
People respect you for your
knowledge and skill
Field job on which civil service
often has to spend time provide
an opportunity for change in the
system thefore out of the box
thinking
Good governance is the
fundamental right of the citizen
Use innovation and adaptation
of
best
practices,
implementation
and
development in your team
The biggest disservice to
governance is to hesitate in
taking decisions or deliberately
avoiding it
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Aspire IAS
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Aspire IAS
The entire career in civil service

is about taking decisions and
making
clear
policy
recommendations for decision
making
In civil services you may
invariably be the leader of the
pack
Assume full responsibility for
achieving the targets
Keep performance parameters
Be sensitive to the needs of the
poor especially the marginalised
group
While advising ministers and
working as senior civil servants
analyse all the reasonable policy
options which can be considered
on the issue under examination
While giving advice donot
anticipate what the ministry
may like to hear
Donot criticize government
policies in public discussions
As a civil servant the
responsibility on you is to
provide
support
to
the
governmet and to enable it to
defend the polices
Develop interpersonal skills
Adopt to IT use and new
technologies use of them for
good governance
Helpful in reducing delay and
effieciency in public service
delivery
Prepare well in advance to
ensure effective articulation of
viewpoint of your ministry
Develop the ability to listen to
visitors and different points of
view carefully and patiently
Develop the ability to integrate

and forma consensus viewpoint
consistent with the policy
objective plan
Make well informed judgement
of ground realities and policies
which will work
Accept challenging assignments
and donot try to wringle out of it
In face of grave provocation
stand by your principles and
convictions, dont lose your
cool
Civil servants are accountable to
government.
Success has its prize it can be built on
falsehood, inequity and illegality.
Page 14
Strengthening rural lending

o Rural lending is very important for rural
productivity and national GDP
o Only 14% of marginal farmers with land
holding less than 1 hectare were taking
institutional credit in 2009
o The livelihood security of rural India,
education of rural youth, agriculture
intensity all are depending upon rural
lending.
o Government strategy is now guided by
Nachiket More recommendations
Credit management
Convergence of NBFC and
RRBs
RBI regulation over rural credit
Mix of both insurance and credit
Enhance the performance of
NABARD by including more
sectors to lend
Adjusted priority sector lending
Swayam Sidda, Swabhiman,
Swavalamban - SSS
Jan Dhan Yojana
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Aspire IAS
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Page 17
to lay the foundation for self-reliant growth in

India.
Pension sanction and payment tracking system
BHAVISHYA
o This provides online tracking of
sanctions and payment processes by the
individual as well as individual
authorities
Page 18
Page 23
National Mission on High Performance

Computing and neutrino based observatory - TN
Nirbhay fund (integrated computer aided
dispatch platform)
National Aids Control Program (phase IV)
India POST 3 programmes
LIBOR and Geographical Indicator

Page 47
Administration in the globalised era
Page 53
People centric administration
April 2014
Fault Lines of the promised Land:
Before the formal onset of the British colonial

rule in India after the battle of Plassey in 1757,
India was among the richest countries of the
world.
According to some estimates during the Mughal
period India was the second largest economy
having a share of almost 25 per cent of the world
economy.
At the time of independence, India inherited a
stagnant economy. Between 1900-1950, the real
GDP growth rate of India was almost zero.
The independent India embarked on a process
ofeconomic reconstruction and growth by
adopting the model of planning. The beginning
was made with the Mahalnobis-Feldman model
which aimed to build the capital goods industry
Aspire IAS
This was the period when economic reforms

were initiated, prompted in no small measure by
the expanding sphere of finance capital in the
world economy.
The process of economic reforms picked up
momentum by the early 1990s as India had to
undergo structural adjustment in order to avoid
defaulting on its international obligations
towards debt repayment.
The transition from the public sector attaining
the 'commanding heights of economy' to the
'market driven open economy' has been a
complex and multi-layered process.
Fall in the poverty ratio, improvement in the FDI
and better forex reserves have also been
noticeable achievements of this period.
In case of land, it is more unequally distributed
than wealth as a whole. The ownership of
financial assets is even more concentrated, as
'almost all financial wealth is held by well below
1 per cent of the population'.
It needs to be highlighted that inequality in
resource endowment also culminates into
inequalities of opportunity which defeats the
purpose of inclusive development that India has
adopted as a stated objective of its economic
policy.
There has also been a serious concern about
employment generation in the period of
economic reforms. The robust growth rate has
not really been accompanied with improvement
in the employment generation. Similarly, share
of manufacturing sector in the GDP has also
been quite low at 16 per cent, putting a structural
constraint on the future prospect of growth with
employment.
Indeed, the rights based model of inclusive
development could be successful only when we
are able to bring in larger and larger number of
people in the 'circuit of capital' for their
productive integration in the process of creation
of national wealth.
After all, the famous economist Joan Robinson
has rightly remarked that 'what is worse than
being exploited is not to be exploited at all!'
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What Is White Label Atm?
However, in view of the reach of ATMs still

being largely limited to metro/urban centres, the
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has changed its
policy in 2012. The objective is to maximise the
reach of ATMs throughout the length and
breadth of the country.
White Label ATM is an ATM which provides
alternative source of cash dispensing as against
the traditional ATMs owned and operated by
banks.
White Label ATMs (WLA) accept the debit
cards of all banks but the company/agency
running this ATM is not a bank itself. banks
have played a major role in encouraging
use of ATMs.
Banking At present, there are about 87,000
ATMs in the RBI reviewed its policy in
February 2012 and decided to allow non-banks
to set up, own and operate ATMs to widen the
spread of ATM network in the country.
They would provide ATM services to customers
of all banks. A non-banking entity seeking
permission to open such ATMs need to have net
worth of Rs.100 crore at the time of making the
application and on a continuous basis after the
permission.
Non-bank entities allowed to open White Label
ATMs would be free to choose the location of
these ATMs, however, the guidelines of RBI in
connection with the urban-rural ratio have to be
adhered to.
The cards issued by the banks shall be permitted
and no deposits shall be accepted at these
ATMs.
The White Label ATM operator can earn
revenue through advertisements or by offering
value added services.The WLA operator shall
not charge any fee from the customer.
The WLA operations in the country shall be
governed by the Payments & Settlement
Systems Act, 2007. The WLA operator shall
declare one Sponsor Bank which will serve as
settlement bank for all service transactions at all
WLL. The sponsor bank shall see to it that
WLAs are adequately stocked with cash and
only good qualify currency notes are dispensed
to the users.
Aspire IAS
The RBI has said, the primary responsibility to

redress grievances of customers related to failed
ATM transaction shall be with the issuing bank.
The sponsoring bank would provide the
necessary support.
According to media reports, RBI has issued
certificate of authorization to four non-bank
entities to set up white label ATMs in India.
These are Tata Communications Payment
Solutions Ltd. (TCPSL), Prizm Payment
Services Pvt. Ltd., Muthoot Finance Ltd. and
Vakrangee Ltd.
TCPSL has opened the first white label ATM in
the country at Chandrapada, a rural village in
Thane district near Mumbai.
What Is Icann?
ICANN is Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers. ICANN coordinates these
unique identifiers across the world. internet.
ICANN was formed in 1998. According to
ICANN, it is a not-for-profit partnership of
people from all over the world dedicated to
keeping the internet secure, stable and
interoperable. It promotes competition and
develops policy on the internets unique
identifiers.
The domain name system (DNS) is designed to
make internet accessible to human beings.
numbers, the DNS uses letters instead of
numbers and then links a precise series of letters
with a precise series of numbers. ICANN is
made up of different groups, which represent a
different interest on the network. court. ICANN
says, it also has mechanism for its accountability
to the community through its bye-laws and other
methods.
Productive Employment and Empowering

Education: An Agenda for Indias Youth
The most valuable of all capital is that invested
in human beings,Alfred Marshall, 1961.
Economics has placed a premium on education.
It was one of the central pillars of Adam Smiths
work and was underscored in good measure by
the leading economist of the 19th century,
Alfred Marshall.
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In particular, this human capital variable had a

stronger impact than traditional investment
conceived of as net accrual of capital.
An additional year of schooling leads to an
increase of 0.44 per cent in the growth rate of
per capita GDP1 and investment in education
has a social rate of return of 7 per cent.
The empirics of economic growth rapidly
became a key area of research and the consensus
in favour of the importance of education for
hastening economic growth remained a
dominant theme.
After Indias independence, the process of
planning for economic development largely
reflected the above-mentioned disregard for
human capital accumulation and concentrated
largely on issues of capital, labour and to a
lesser extent, technology.
Indias demographic dividend
In 2012, 65 per cent of Indias population was in
the working age group 15-64. Given the current
population trends, this proportion is likely to
surpass that of China.
If the youth is productively engaged, Indias
private financial savings and physical capital
investment are likely to boom.
Potential and PerformanceEducation
Central to capitalizing on Indias demographic
dividend are mass education of youth,
particularly in science and mathematics and their
gainful employment in productive jobs.
In average years of schooling of adults India
ranks 65th out of 100 countries.
India with its burgeoning youth population has
so few universities in the top 100 and ranks last
out of 22 countries. The 11th Five Year Plan
(2007- 2012) substantially raised expenditure.
on higher education as did the 12th Plan (20122017).
In 1999, only 63 per cent of male students and
60 per cent of female students who had begun
grade 1 reached grade 5, which is lower than the
rate for lower middle-income countries.
Potential and PerformanceEmployment
According to the World Development Indicators
2013, youth unemployment during 2008-11 for
Aspire IAS
India was 10 per cent for men and 12 per cent

for women.
The corresponding figures for those with
secondary and tertiary education were 42 per
cent and 23 per cent respectively.
Indias employment to population ratio for
those over 15 was only 58 per cent in 1991 and
actually fell to 54 percent in 2011.
A Final Word
If nothing else, this essay has underscored the
importance of aggressively increasing education
and employment opportunities for Indian youth.
First, there must be enhanced public and private
investment (both human (teachers) and capital)
in education across the spectrum: primary,
secondary, tertiary, professional, vocational.
Such investment should come from both
domestic sources as well as FDI.
Particular emphasis should be placed on science,
engineering and mathematics education.
Similar conclusions are warranted for
employment. India has recently enjoyed high
economic growth but this has largely been
jobless economic growth which is unsustainable.
Perhaps, the most significant change required
among policymakers is attitudinal both in the
public and private sectors.
The current fixation with growth and poverty is
understandable but the realization that neither
high growth in the medium term nor sustained
poverty reduction is possible without a paradigm
change in our approach to education and
employment of youth must become the
centerpiece of Indias development philosophy.
Endnotes
The estimated contribution of human capital to
per capita GDP growth is sizable in view of the
fact that average per capita GDP growth in India
over the period 1951-52 to 2012-13 has been 5.0
per cent.
Indias demographic dividend is also
associated with a deteriorating gender
balance a problem that is only going to get
worse with higher education and incomes.
Far too often, government agencies have tended

to treat child poverty separately from child
education. The fact is that the proportion of
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children that are poor is higher than the
proportion of adults who are poor.
There should be an integrated approach to both
issues as argued by Chaudhri and Jha (2013).
The Right to Education Act has too often meant
a right to poor quality education, badly delivered
and imperfectly absorbed.
Jha (2014) has shown that the problem of
inadequately targeted subsidies extends to
welfare programs in general.
Globalization of Markets and consumer rights:
challenges and opportunities
Economic reforms , a large capital f low helped
making varieties of quality goods and services,
cheap telephone services, internet and
computers, airline services, etc. available
offering choices in the free markets including
24X7 E-commerce to consumers.
Along with this profit-driven market growth,
new ideas, consumption culture shaping lifestyle
changes are also increasingly seen like in
developed economies as a result of development
of multi-storied well-stored malls, super markets
and other refurbishing markets with varieties of
goods and high-end products and services.
Nations growing consumer markets are very
lucrative and profitable as Indias affluent and
vast middle class consumers are becoming
lifestyle-change-agents.
certainly a violation of consumer rights as
enshrined in Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
Moreover, there is a growing dissatisfaction and
serious concern raised by consumers how to
stem many other rising phenomena of consumer
rights violations by the profit-driven market
forces affecting the health, wellbeing and
environment. For example, the marketing of
adulterated and spurious
goods and unsafe services.
Globalization, Market Growth and
Consumer Rights Violations
The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is
narrowly defined and the issues of consumer
rights protection are yet to enter into the lexicon
of business and/ or take a firm place.
Some of the problems consumers face in the
emerging market economy are:
Unethical, Unfair and Deceptive Trade
Practices: in regards to quality, quantity pricing
Aspire IAS
policy, deceptive and innovative packaging, and

sales promotion schemes etc. High and Unfair
Prices: charging high prices to accrue undue
profit and thereby exploit vulnerable consumers.
In rural areas, marketers sell spurious, unsafe
products which often pass off as originals by the
dealers/ retailers, particularly in weekly Haats
and Bazars to illiterates, uninformed and
uneducated.
Excessive/ Aggressive Use of Media-Deceptive,
Misleading Surrogate Advertisements and
Marketing Strategies are very often used to
skillfully manipulate, allure or influence
consumers.
Consumer Disputes Redressal system: The challenges
The Act is also considered as one of the most
progressive, comprehensive and unique piece of
legislation ever enacted by the Indian Parliament
exclusively for consumer protection.
Under this Consumer Protection Act, 1986, a
separate Department of Consumer Affairs was
also created in the Central and State
Governments focusing on ensuring the rights of
consumers as enshrined in the Act. three-tier
quasi-judicial redressal machinery popularly
known as Consumer courts at national, state
and district levels with an apex National
Consumer Commission which functions from
Upabhokta Nyay Bhavan.
Thus, the Act was passed with high hopes that
these quasi-judicial bodies would deliver quick
justice to affected consumers whose rights are so
rampantly violated in the market but today it is a
far cry.
It is unfortunate that even after more than 25
years of passing of the Consumer Protection Act
of 1986.
The legal systems have to cope with the impact
of 21st century technologies and methods of
working which demand better and timely
updating of knowledge to meet the growing
challenges.
Thus, the inadequate knowledge bank in various
provisions of revolutionary Consumer Protection
Act, 1986 and lack of sensitiveness to its true
spirit among the 3-tier For a functionaries who
are appointed to man the quasi-judicial
consumer dispute redressal Fora have failed to
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satisfy the aggrieved consumers who approach
them with tremendous expectation.
In fact, the consumer confidence in Fora
administration and governance. The consumer
redressal Fora have to be strengthened by
several other timely measures like funding from
the Central and State governments, punctuality
and regularity of these courts have be enforced,
proper methods have be identified to reduce the
delay in justice delivery, improvement of
infrastructural facilities, adjournments cannot be
allowed as a matter of course, lawyers presence
must be banned and/or discouraged, adoption of
complex and long procedures like in civil courts
have to be avoided, etc.
Law colleges and universities must start core
courses on Consumer laws and jurisprudence to
produce right manpower to man these special
quasi-judicial
redressal
bodies
and/or
experienced lawyers well-versed with the
Consumer laws and jurisprudence have to be
appointed, unlike the present system of
appointing retired
Comprehensive consumer protection mechanisms
Highlighted above cannot redress the rampant
consumer rights violations as enshrined in the
CP Act, 1986.
1. All producers and dealers of goods and
services must be forced to follow the fair trade
and ethical practices in all business activities as
a part of their duty to the people and the nation
as well.
2. The national business associations like CII,
FICCI, ASSOCHEM, etc. as well as other small
business association all over the country,
producing goods and services, must mandatorily
take pro-active roles in adopting this ideal
without fail.
3. Business of all hues, the producers and
dealers of goods and services must have
Consumer Complaint Redressal Cell to deal
with consumer complaints within a specified
time-limit.
4. The CSR cannot be narrowly defined but
broadened to cover the consumer rights
protection as its primary objective. The rest of
the activities undertaken under the CSR should
be secondary, like social welfare or
philanthropic activities etc.
Aspire IAS
5. The PSUs, the Ministries both in the Centre

and States that produce and market goods and
services should also be mandatorily made
responsible to protect consumer rights.
6. with regard to the redressal of consumer
complaints which are filed in quasi-judicial 3tier For a system.
Thus, synergizing all the pro-consumer action
programmes and strategies together can deliver
the goods. Now the time has come when the
legislature, the executive, the judiciary and the
fourth Estate must come together and proactively work in tandem curbing the rising
menace of market wrongdoings and injustices in
the era of globalization and liberalization of
Indian market economy.
TAX REFORMS AND GST: CHALLENGES FOR

THE FUTURE AND REFORMS
India has followed the path of planned economic
development. Initially, the basic objective of
Indian fiscal policy was to ensure acceleration in
the growth rate with social justice.
The overall growth rate of the economy was not
up to the mark and the results on many fronts
did not meet with the expectations.
Due to the sluggish growth rate and the adverse
balance of payments, financial stability was on
the brink of collapse prior to the adoption of the
structural adjustment programme in 1991.
Tax Reforms
Since 1991, the major thrust in fiscal policy was
on overall reforms in tax policy and
administration. Reforms in direct taxes focused
on simplification and rationalization of the rate
structure; reduction in the high marginal rates
and the rate categories; reducing the dispersion
and lowering of tax rates.
The revised enactment, known as Direct Taxes
Code (DTC), consolidates all the laws relating to
direct taxes, viz. income-tax, dividend
distribution tax, fringe benefit tax and wealthtax, so as to establish an economically efficient,
effective and equitable direct tax system.
case of indirect taxes, steps have been taken to
reduce multiplicity of rates, rationalize the rate
structure, and facilitate the adoption of VAT in
union excise duty and sales tax. The introduction
of dual-VAT has been a remarkable
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achievement. It helped in removing the
cascading effect from taxes and in making
business more competitive.
Dual-VAT still suffers from the following
weaknesses:
The CenVAT generates definitional issues
relating to a commodity whether it falls in a
particular rate group and causes valuation
problems leading to large number of litigations.
It has a narrow base due to which the tax system
lacks neutrality and continues to be inefficient.
The services are taxed by the Centre only and
these are taxed independent of commodity taxes.
This causes difficulties in taxation of goods
supplied as a part of a composite works contract
or leasing contract.
The cascading of CenVAT under sales tax and
of sales tax under CenVAT continues. This
applies to central sales tax (CST) as well.
The existing system is creating a bias in favour
of imports which do not bear the hidden cost of
taxes on inputs.
The tax administration at both the Centre and the
State levels is still very complicated and
complex.
Design of GST
In 2009, the Empowered Committee of State
Finance Ministers (EC) constituted a Joint
Working Group (JWG) to give a detailed
framework for GST.
The exclusion of petroleum crude and its
products from GST is based on the premise of
raising larger resources through cascade type
taxes.
It is, therefore, suggested that the overall
petroleum sector should be brought under the
GST regime with additional levy of excise and
sales tax, if necessary for raising more revenue.
the rate should be in the vicinity of 15 per cent, a
7 per cent rate to be levied by the CGST and 8
percent by the SGST.
The Central Government on the other hand, has
proposed that in the first year of the introduction
of GST there would be a three tier rate category,
viz. 6 per cent on essentials, 8 per cent on
services and 10 per cent as standard rate.
The standard rate would come down to 9 per
cent in the second year and will be 8 per cent in
the subsequent years.
Aspire IAS
Similarly, the 6 per cent rate on essentials would

increase to 8 per cent in the third year. Thus, in
the third year GST would have a single rate.
The current system of CST is proposed to be
replaced by a destination based Integrated
GST.
Also, exports would be zero-rated. While there
has been some sort of agreement on this issue in
the past, it seems that the Pandoras box of
different models of inter-State taxation has
been reopened. This is unfortunate and must be
treated as settled.
Conclusion
The introduction of GST in the indirect tax
system of the Union and the State Governments
and the DTC in the direct taxes of the Union
Government will help to establish an
economically efficient, cost effective and
transparent tax system.
It would make the Indian taxpayer competitive
at home as well as in the international market.
It is, however, important to remove the bumps
and road blocks in its introduction. Also, the
other taxes at the State level need to be further
reformed. Special care need to be taken to
reform the other State taxes, viz. state excise,
motor vehicles tax, passengers and goods tax
and stamp duty and registration fee.
That would make the Indian tax system suitable
for taking the country toward a new horizon of
future growth and prosperity.
May 2014 Energy security (GS1,GS3,

Essay and Geo optional)
Page no.3
Introduction:
IT revolution is related to energy

Human evolution and associated revolution are
also associated with energy
Energy distribution is heterogeneous therefore
causing the problem of energy crisis.
Two source of energy: Renewable(air, water,
geo thermal, solar, bio mass, bio diesel) and
non-renewable( coal, gas petroleum)
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New form of energy ( nuclear, shale gas, coal

beded methane)
The IT revolution with the help of semiconductor again revolutionized the energy sector
High use of non-renewable energy over
renewable causes the problem of pollution,
health and climate change Eg. Beijing, paris,
London. These countries took the measures like
congestion tax, green tax and regulated the sale
of cars or auto mobiles.
India has aligned its energy policy with its
economic imperatives, environmental concerns
and strategic realities to secure the national
objectives.
The model of development based on exploration
and consumption of convectional energy sources
is coming into question as it looks more and
more unsustainable and perhaps undesirable too.
The world is going towards energy transition
which means policy adjustment market
orientation and technological optimization to
centre stage renewable sources of energy like
wind and solar energy
The same responsibility is also belongs to
society to rethink and reorient its consumption
needs to reduce the energy foot print and to
enjoy intelligent abundance.
Prometheus considered a first person to bring
fire on earth, therefore, it is again a need that the
same Prometheus to help to discover a new fire
for a sustainable future.
Pg no.10
Energy, environment and sustainable development
World commission on Environment and

development (bruntland commission) defines
sustainable development (SD) as meeting the
needs of the present generation without
compromising the needs of future generation.
The world summit on sustainable development
2002 mentions the three components of
sustainable
development:
1.Economic
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development,
2.social
development
3.
Environmentally sustainable development as
interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars.
UN conference on sustainable development
2012 recognizes the importance the evaluation
of the range of social, environmental and
economic factors and encourages where national
circumstances and conditions allow their
integration into decision making
Energy is vital for economic development and
also for human development
There are multiple source of primary and
secondary source of energy in India.
There are multiple goals and energy policy like
economic efficiency, access to clean energy to
all at affordable prices, environmental
sustainability and energy security
Every convectional source of energy has its own
problem like
o 1. Coal and petroleum:
degradation
of
natural
environment
CO2 emission
environment pollution like
CO,NO2, SO2, particulate
matter
over dependence resulting into
raising CAD
o Hydro power plant
Release of methane
Submergence of biodiversity
Increasing River pollution due
to decrease in water flow
Earthquake
because
of
sedimentation pressure
Soft target for terrorists and
Reason behind causing flash
flood
Changing course of hydro
power plant resulting into
changing course of rivers
o Thermal power plants
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Release of water vapor,

aerosols, CO2 and CO
Release of warm water and
causing eco system damage of
rivers and oceanic acidification
Overdependence over coal,
therefore, regional imbalances
Use of renewable source of energy Biomass, Bio

gas, solar wind and geothermal energy are some
how associated with diversity of Indian
geography, satisfying the problem of regional
diversity and more environment friendly and
bringing more economic growth with enhancing
industrial and agricultural output.
o India and green building code
Indias first net zero energy building
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Therefore, the choice of an optimal energy mix

for a country requires careful evaluation of the
tradeoffs among the alternatives based on
national circumstances, policy priorities, cost
and affordability.
Energy intensity (yojana), primary energy
(yojana), table I and II from yojana
Energy conservation:
At national level, household level and

international level
o Bureau of energy efficiency and star
rating
o Energy conservation building code of
The Indira Paryavaran Bhavan.

Its Indias first net zero energy building that has been constructed with adoption of solar
passive design and energy-efficient building materials.
Functional since a year, a tour of the Indira Paryavaran Bhavan, a building under the Central
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o
o
Government, was organised by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) and the Association
for Development and Research of Sustainable Habitats on Tuesday. It was aimed at reinforcing
the need for more such buildings across the country.
Speaking about the energy efficiency of the building, TERI (Sustainable Habitat Division) director
Mili Majumdar said: The Indira Paryavaran Bhavan is one of the first buildings in India to have
deployed energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies at a large scale. It is one of the
exemplary projects to be rated under Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment [GRIHA]
and has set standards that can be emulated by upcoming buildings in the region.
The building boasts an earthquake-resistant structure with a total plinth area of 31,488 sq. m. It
covers only 30 per cent of the total area, while more than 50 per cent area outside the building
is a soft area with plantation and grass. The building has a robotic parking system in the
basement that can accommodate 330 cars. Thin-client networking system has been provided
instead of conventional desktop computers to minimise energy consumption.
Buildings have an enormous impact on environment, human health and economy. The energy
used to heat and power our buildings leads to consumption of large amounts of energy, mainly
from burning of fossil fuels, oil, natural gases and coal, which generate significant amounts of
carbon dioxide, the most widespread greenhouse gas. The successful adoption of green building
strategies can maximise both the economic and environmental performances of buildings,
added Ms. Majumdar.
The building has received GRIHA 5-star (provisional) rating for the following features:
The design allows for 75 per cent of natural daylight to be utilised to reduce energy
consumption.
The entire building has an access friendly design for differently-abled persons.
With an installed capacity of 930 kW peak power, the building has the largest rooftop solar
system among multi-storied buildings in India.
The building is fully compliant with requirements of the Energy Conservation Building Code of
India (ECBC). Total energy savings of about 40 per cent have been achieved through the
adoption of energy efficient chilled beam system of air-conditioning. As per this, air-conditioning
is done by convection currents rather than airflow through air handling units, and chilled water
is circulated right up to the diffuser points unlike the conventional systems.
Green materials like fly ash bricks, regional building materials, materials with high recyclable
content, high reflectance terrace tiles and rock wool insulation of outer walls have been used.
Use of renewable bamboo jute composite material for doorframes and shutters.
UPVC windows with hermetically sealed double glass. Calcium Silicate ceiling tiles with high
recyclable content and grass paver blocks on pavements and roads.
Reduction in water consumption has been achieved by use of low-discharge water fixtures,
recycling of waste water through sewage treatment plant, use of plants with low water demand
in landscaping, use of geothermal cooling for HVAC system, rainwater harvesting and use of
curing compounds during construction.
GRIHA and LEED ratings

National Action plan for climate change
(solar mission, national mission on
enhanced energy efficiency and
sustainable urbanization).
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o
o
o
o
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Perform, achieve and trade scheme for

household and industrialists
Bachet lamp Yojana- Use of LED lamps
and
Mass rapid transit system
Establishment of new ministry
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o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Ministry of new and renewable resource

and its Vision paper 2030
Grid parity by 2030
Smart grid to increase the energy
efficiency and to decrease the
transmission loss
Municipal use of incernators
Inter river linking projects with the
target of 35000 MW electricity
Nuclear energy target by 63000MW by
2032
LPG, oil sector and oil gas reforms
(kelkar and C. rangarajan committee)
Rajiv Gandi Grameen Vidyutikaran
Yojana
Integrated
watershed
development
programme
Mini and micro hydro electricity plant
less than 1 kw and 100MW
Energy audit
Shale gas energy and coal beded
methane (6 field zone) in Gondawana
Portal to improve Energy efficiency Eg.
RAILSAVER
Environment Impact Assessment and
social impact assessment
More
bilateral
and
multilateral
agreements with the countries like
Bhutan , Bangladesh, Myanmar,
turkmenisthan and Afghanisthan
More civil nuclear agreement
Rural wages have increased 20% while

agriculture remains at the heart of rural
livelihood, growing shift to non-farm
employment .
o As per NSSO data, work force in the
agriculture has declined below 50% for
the first time, as more men are moving
towards non-farm job outside the village
has been a feminization of agriculture.
Anti poverty strategy:
o Amartyasen book an Uncertain gloryIndia and its contradiction talks about
income inequalities are the result of
wide variation in socio economic
indicators across and within states, high
economic growth and distribution or
social development need to go hand in
hand
o Concerned ministries (ministry of rural
development, ministry of panchayti raj
institution,ministry of finance, human
resource development, ministry of urban
and poverty allevation, Planning
commission and NDC
o NSSO is
the major agency to
accumulate the data regarding poverty
but the planning commission estimates
and calculates the poverty in India.
o C.RangaRajan new poverty line:
Pg.No.15
Composite development Index ( Raghuram rajan

committee)
Pgno.31
Key regulatory policies in India for promotion of

renewable energy
Pg.No.58
Removal of rural poverty

o Rural landscape has witnessed a rapid
transformation
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The expert group headed by the
former PMEAC Chairman estimated
that the number of poor in India was
much higher in 2011-12 at 29.5 % of
the population
Defending his calculation that three out
of 10 in India are poor, former PMEAC
Chairman C Rangarajan on Monday said
poverty numbers provided by him are
not conservative estimates and they are
at par with global standards.
The expert group headed by Dr.
Rangarajan dismissed the Suresh
Tendulkar Committee methodology on
estimating poverty and estimated that
the number of poor in India was much
higher in 2011-12 at 29.5 per cent of
the population.
As per the Rangarajan panels
estimates, three out of 10 in India
would be poor. Estimates based on
Tendulkar committee methodology,
had pegged the poverty ratio at 21.9 in
201112.
I dont think that it is conservative
(poverty) estimates. In my view it is
reasonable estimates. We have derived
poverty estimates independently, Mr.
Rangarajan told in an interview to a
private channel.
He was responding to the criticism that
anyone spending more than Rs 47 per
day in cities and Rs 32 in villages would
not be poor.
Elaborating further he said, The World
Bank also talks about purchasing power
parity terms. The minimum expenditure
per day. They are talking about about
USD 2 per day whereas our estimates
comes to USD 2.4. Therefore it (our
poverty estimates) is in keeping with
the international standards.
He explained that the benefits are not
being provided on the basis of any
poverty line as in the case of food
security law which would benefit 67 per
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cent of the population.

The noted economist believes that it is
measure of poverty and measure of
understanding how economy is moving.
But apart from it there is no immediate
policy implication.
He urged the people to look at the
poverty line in terms of a households
consumption expenditure per month
which is estimated at Rs 4,860 in
villages and Rs 7,035 for cities for a
family of five people.
Apart from the private consumption
expenditure, people also benefit from
public expenditure on health, education
and other facilities, he said, adding:
poverty line is at appropriate level.
All of these spendings have gone up in
the recent past. That explains why
urban poverty ratio is much higher in
our estimation, he said.
As per the report submitted by Mr.
Rangarajan to Planning Minister Rao
Inderjit Singh earlier, persons spending
below Rs 47 a day in cities would be
considered poor, much above the Rs
33perday mark suggested by the
Suresh Tendulkar Committee.
As per Rangarajan panel estimates, a
person spending less than Rs 1,407 a
month (Rs 47/day) would be considered
poor in cities, as against the Tendulkar
Committees suggestion of Rs 1,000 a
month (Rs 33/day).
In villages, those spending less than Rs
972 a month (Rs 32/day) would be
considered poor. This is much higher
than Rs 816 a month (Rs 27/day)
recommended
by
Tendulkar
Committee.
In absolute terms, the number of poor
in India stood at 36.3 crore in 201112,
down from 45.4 crore in 200910, as
per the Mr. Rangarajan panel.
Tendulkar Committee, however, had
suggested that the number of poor was
35.4 crore in 200910 and 26.9 crore
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in 201112.
o
o
History of poverty estimation in India
Pre independence poverty estimates: One of
the earliest estimations of poverty was done by
Dadabhai Naoroji in his book, Poverty and the
Un-British Rule in India. He formulated a
poverty line ranging from Rs 16 to Rs 35 per
capita per year, based on 1867-68 prices. The
poverty line proposed by him was based on the
cost of a subsistence diet consisting of rice or
flour, dhal, mutton, vegetables, ghee, vegetable
oil
and
salt.
Next, in 1938, the National Planning Committee
(NPC) estimated a poverty line ranging from Rs
15 to Rs 20 per capita per month. Like the
earlier method, the NPC also formulated its
poverty line based on a minimum standard of
living perspective in which nutritional
requirements are implicit. In 1944, the authors
of the Bombay Plan (Thakurdas et al 1944)
suggested a poverty line of Rs 75 per capita per
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year.
Post independence poverty estimates: In 1962,

the Planning Commission constituted a working
group to estimate poverty nationally, and it
formulated separate poverty lines for rural and
urban areas of Rs 20 and Rs 25 per capita per
year
respectively.
VM Dandekar and N Rath made the first

systematic assessment of poverty in India in
1971, based on National Sample Survey (NSS)
data from 1960-61. They argued that the
poverty line must be derived from the
expenditure that was adequate to provide 2250
calories per day in both rural and urban
areas. This generated debate on minimum
calorie consumption norms while estimating
poverty and variations in these norms based on
age and sex.
Alagh Committee (1979): In 1979, a task force
constituted by the Planning Commission for the
purpose of poverty estimation, chaired by YK
Alagh, constructed a poverty line for rural and
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urban areas on the basis of nutritional

requirements. Table 3 shows the nutritional
requirements
and
related
consumption
expenditure based on 1973-74 price levels
recommended by the task force. Poverty
estimates for subsequent years were to be
calculated by adjusting the price level for
inflation.
Lakdawala Committee (1993): In 1993, an
expert group constituted to review methodology
for poverty estimation, chaired by DT
Lakdawala, made the following suggestions: (i)
consumption expenditure should be calculated
based on calorie consumption as earlier; (ii) state
specific poverty lines should be constructed and
these should be updated using the Consumer
Price Index of Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) in
urban areas and Consumer Price Index of
Agricultural Labour (CPI-AL) in rural areas; and
(iii) discontinuation of scaling of poverty
estimates based on National Accounts
Statistics. This assumes that the basket of goods
and services used to calculate CPI-IW and CPIAL reflect the consumption patterns of the poor.
Tendulkar Committee (2009): In 2005,
another expert group to review methodology for
poverty estimation, chaired by Suresh
Tendulkar, was constituted by the Planning
Commission to address the following three
shortcomings of the previous methods: (i)
consumption patterns were linked to the 1973-74
poverty line baskets (PLBs) of goods and
services, whereas there were significant changes
in the consumption patterns of the poor since
that time, which were not reflected in the
poverty estimates; (ii) there were issues with the
adjustment of prices for inflation, both spatially
(across regions) and temporally (across time);
and (iii) earlier poverty lines assumed that health
and education would be provided by the State
and formulated poverty lines accordingly.
It recommended four major changes: (i) a shift
away from calorie consumption based poverty
estimation; (ii) a uniform poverty line basket
(PLB) across rural and urban India; (iii) a
change in the price adjustment procedure to
correct spatial and temporal issues with price
adjustment; and (iv) incorporation of private
expenditure on health and education while
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estimating
poverty.
The
Committee
recommended using Mixed Reference Period
(MRP) based estimates, as opposed to Uniform
Reference Period (URP) based estimates that
were used in earlier methods for estimating
poverty.
It based its calculations on the consumption of
the following items: cereal, pulses, milk, edible
oil, non-vegetarian items, vegetables, fresh
fruits, dry fruits, sugar, salt & spices, other food,
intoxicants, fuel, clothing, footwear, education,
medical (non-institutional and institutional),
entertainment, personal & toilet goods, other
goods, other services and durables.
The Committee computed new poverty lines for
rural and urban areas of each state. To do this, it
used data on value and quantity consumed of the
items mentioned above by the population that
was classified as poor by the previous urban
poverty line. It concluded that the all India
poverty line was Rs 446.68 per capita per month
in rural areas and Rs 578.80 per capita per
month in urban areas in 2004-05. The following
table outlines the manner in which the
percentage of population below the poverty line
changed after the application of the Tendulkar
Committees methodology.
The Committee also recommended a new
method of updating poverty lines, adjusting for
changes in prices and patterns of consumption,
using the consumption basket of people close to
the poverty line. Thus, the estimates released in
2009-10 and 2011-12 use this method instead of
using indices derived from the CPI-AL for rural
areas and CPI-IW for urban areas as was done
earlier. Table 5 outlines the poverty lines
computed using the Tendulkar Committee
methodology for the years 2004-05, 2009-10 and
2011-12.
Rangarajan Committee: In 2012, the Planning
Commission constituted a new expert panel on
poverty estimation, chaired by C Rangarajan
with the following key objectives: (i) to provide
an alternate method to estimate poverty levels
and examine whether poverty lines should be
fixed solely in terms of a consumption basket or
if other criteria are also relevant; (ii) to examine
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divergence between the consumption estimates

based on the NSSO methodology and those
emerging from the National Accounts
aggregates; (iii) to review international poverty
estimation methods and indicate whether based
on these, a particular method for empirical
poverty estimation can be developed in India,
and (iv) to recommend how these estimates of
poverty can be linked to eligibility and
entitlements under the various schemes of the
Government of India. The Committee is
expected to submit its report by 2014.
While private expenditure on education and
health was covered in the base year 1973-74, no
account was taken of either the increase in the
proportion of these in total expenditure over
time or of their proper representation in
available price indices.
Under the URP method, respondents are asked
to detail consumption over the previous 30 days;
whereas under the MRP method five lowfrequency items (clothing, footwear, durables,
education and institutional health expenditure)
are surveyed over the previous 365 days, and all
other items over the previous 30 days.
To realize the vision of inclusive growth, MoRD
is credited with four flagship programmes
(MGNREGA, NRLM, Pradan mantri Grameen
sadak Yojana, Indira Awas Yojana and National
social assistance programme) that provides a
multi-pronged
anti-poverty
architecture
comprising of
o Increasing livelihood opportunities
o Developing infrastructure for socio
economic growth
o Improvement of quality of life
o Providing social safety net to as many as
household as possible.
o For their read pg.no, 58, 59
Contemporary solutions:
o Jan dhan yojana and social inclusion
o Aadhar card and DBT
o SHG federation
o Vocational education and skilled
development
o Make In India
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o
o
MSME and recent labour reforms

PPP, venture and viability capital
funding
o SSS (Sabhiman, Sawayam sidda and
savabilaban)
o Bilateral and Multi-lateral negotiations
with USA, Germany and Japan, WB and
G20
DO you know Pg.no. 61
BIG DATA ( is the term employed to refer to a
collection of data that is too large and complex
to be processed by own data management tools
and systems and their unit is Zettabyte and
Yottabytes)
Green Bond Pgno. 61- refers to a tax exempted
bond which is issued by federally qualified
organization for the development of brown field
sites ( land that are underutilized, have abundant
buildings, or under developed)
JUNE 2014
Indian Agriculture
Pgno.3
Introduction:
Agriculture sector in India is a site of struggle at

many levels
o Human resource
o Poor productivity
o Subsidy
o Marketing and trading p
o Policy formulation and implementation
o 4% agriculture growth target
o Poor land reforms
o WTO obligation
o Climate change and vagaries in Indian
monsoons
Daniel throners classification of the rural
population into Mazdoor, kisan and malik may
have lost some of its analytical edge so far as the
economic understanding of the agriculture sector
is concerned.
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Pg.No.5: Investing to propel growth and agriculture:
Agriculture GDP participation is low which is

one of the responsible reason behind high
poverty.
Agriculture growth performance since economic
reforms since 1991, average annual growth rate
in agriculture and allied sector for the entire
period comes at 3.2% lower than 4% targeted in
recent plan periods. Till 11th plan it was 2.5 and
2.4%, in 11th FYP it was 4.1% but again felt to
3%.
It was mainly because of
o Regional imbalances of GR
o Loss of biodiversity in agriculture
declining nutrition content
o Practicing monoculture, agriculture
pollution, encroachment of fertile
agricultural practices due to faulty
agricultural practices, land acquisition
policy due to real estate
o Mining and big infrastructure
o Vagries in Indian monsoon and climate
change
o Issues of MSP and remuneration in
agriculture
Solutions:
Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana and their 12

sub components
10th FYP area specific approach initiation
of allied agricultural activities and Rainbow
revolution
National food security act convergence of
waste land into fertile land
Mission mode projects in agriculture
Accelerated irrigated benefited programme
National micro irrigation machine
Prdhan mantra krishi sinchan yojana
On the institutional front, govt. is working
for
o Incremental capital output ratio and
the efficiency of capital in that
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o
o
o
o
o
o
sector according to Harrod-Domar

model
NABARD role and RRB role have
to be increased
Promoting the public expenditure on
agriculture
especially
venture
capital funding and viability gap
funding and making agriculture
remunerative
Encouraging entrepreneurship in
agriculture
Encouraging 3 input subsidies:
fertilizer, irrigation and power
Nutrient based subsidy policy
PDS reform and national food
security act
Pg.no. 24: Developing countries agriculture and WTO

Pg.no. 30: shodhyatra
Pg.no. 44: deconstructing social protection
Social protection is generally describe to include

public actions taken in response to levels of
vulnerability, risk and deprivation which are
deemed socially unacceptable within the given
society.
Social protection in India:
o A.39 to A51, A21, backward district
fund, schedule 5,6,11,12
o District rural development agency, 1st
FYP
community
development
programme, 4to 7FYP
regional
development strtageies and IRDP, 9th
FYP Basic minimum needs, national
social security assistance programme
and their 5 components, Ajjevika and
Andthodhya divas, national commission
for enterrprise in the unorganized sector,
SSS(saviman,
savilamban
ans
swayamsiddha),
o C.rangarajan and redefined poverty line
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Pg.No65: Do you know : heart bleed- it is a new kind of
computer virus that exploits a vulnerability in computer
software to gain unauthorized access to the usernames
and passwords stored on the internet. It is a catastrophic
bug. To control it, researchers created a technique name
Redherring.
M-wallet: sands for mobile wallet refers to mobile
money transfer and money payments
July 2014
Democracy and electoral reforms
Introduction pg.no.3
People get the leaders they deserve it perhaps

hides and distorts as much as it reveals the real
processes that works in the democracy.
Major problem in the democracy is that so many
integrated institutions are working behind close
doors. Therefore, problem of transparency and
accountability
Electoral process is the vague, which makes
windows where there were once walls
Just lies currency in a economy, a political
system is as valuable as people think it to be,
thus trust of the people or legitimacy is the
foundation on which many democratic system
works. Therefore, participation of people is
highly necessary specially at the local level
Judiciary, media and bureaucracy are other
institutions which invigorate and protect
democracy not merely in its forms but in terms
of its real content also
Democracy is the dynamic process which
requires constant infusion of new ideas and
activities to reflect the aspirations of people.
Therefore, democracy as it were, is forever an
unfinished project.
Electoral reforms in the wider context of the
need for the deepening of democracy. Thus
acquires a central position in this project. The
reality remains that Indian democracy has long
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way to go before it rid itself of the demons of

deviancy.
Pgno.5 Electoral reforms through the years (refer
Laxmikanth before 1991, 1991 & after 1991)
Electoral reforms is the effort to deepening the

democracy of India and to represent each and
every section of society in fair and transparent
manner
Lowering of the age for the enrollment as an
electoral 21 to 18yrs
Representation of the people act
Electorals photo identity card
Judiciary strengthening the role of election
commission through cases NP Ponnuswammy
Vs returning officer
Election commission innovative steps like
o Model code of conduct
o Ban over exit poll
o Institution of booth level officer
o Vulnerable mapping
o Electronic voting machine
o Appointment of IRS officer to check
flow of money
o Deployment of central police forces
o Videography and posting of micro
observers
Rising concern
Independence of the election commission

Criminalization of politics
Transparency in the funding of political
parties
Other issues
Issue of registration and deregistration of

political parties
Inner party democracy
Transparency in the account of political
parties
Recent reforms:
NOTA (none of the above)
Reforms under demand
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Right to recall
Compulsory voting
Relevance of first past the post system due
to declining voter turn out
Paid news
State funding of elections
Punishment of electoral offence to be
enhanced
Modification in representation of people act
Pgno.15: some policies issues in Indian agriculture:
Pgno.30 UID project
Pg.no.34 boat clinics
interest in the company on a profit

sharing basis
o Exchange traded funds: are investment
funds that are traded on stock exchanges
much like the stocks and they usually
track bond indexes or stock indices like
Nasdaq or dowjones
Pgno.22 : fiscal consolidation road map
(VVIMP)
Pg.no.33: Road map for fiscal reform (VVIMP)
Pg.no. 47: poverty and mal nourishment: key
issue for better outcome
Pg.no.81: development road map : new
initiatives in the Budget.
Pg.no. 53 manufacturing in India: future scenario
Note: We are doing SEP-2014-
Pg.no. 60 Do you know
Crowd sourcing: coined by Jeffe Hobbie. It is

the process by which the power of the many can
be leveraged to accomplish feets that were once
the province of specialized few. It refers to the
process for seeking contributions raising funds,
services, new ideas, content, pictures and
information from a large pool of people
especially from internet or online communities.
Euro clear: was founded in 1968 in Belgium to
settle international and domestic security based
transitions especially in the euro board market
August
Union Budget
Pg.no. 3 Introduction:
Pg.no.10 addressing goals and priorities in
changing economic growth and development
(VVIMPP)
Pg.no. 15 Yamuna river cleaning (figure is very
imp)
Pg.No. 20 Do you know
o Employee stock ownership plan: is a
kind of employee benefit plan that
allows the employees or work force of
the company to have an ownership
Aspire IAS
Nov
2014
yojna
now
in
the
present session of Newspaper

analysis programme.
We will update the same on our
facebook
page:
https://www.facebook.com/Aspir
eiascom?ref=bookmarks
10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394
www.aspireias.com
42

Aspire IAS
Yojna notes-2014
Dont Quit
When things go wrong, as they sometimes will,
When the road youre trudging seems all uphill,
When the funds are low and the debts are high,
And you want to smile, but you have to sigh,
When care is pressing you down a bit,
Rest, if you must, but dont you quit.
Life is queer with its twists and turns,
As every one of us sometimes learns,
And many a failure turns about,
When he might have won had he stuck it out;
Dont give up though the pace seems slow
You may succeed with another blow.
Often the goal is nearer than,
It seems to a faint and faltering man,
Often the struggler has given up,
When he might have captured the victors cup,
And he learned too late when the night slipped down,
How close he was to the golden crown.
Success is failure turned inside out
The silver tint of the clouds of doubt,
And you never can tell how close you are,
It may be near when it seems so far,
So stick to the fight when youre hardest hit
Its when things seem worst that you must not quit.
All the best

Hope this material will help my MAINS students-2014
Jai Hind
Aspire IAS
10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394
www.aspireias.com

Asp 2014

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1

Newspaper analysis Mains-2014

The children of today are future of tomorrow.

Government is striving towards protecting child

To protect these rights State has the obligation

10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394

Newspaper analysis Mains-2014

Children are the victims of cruel market forces

Based on the experience of NCPCR, some of the

Justice to Children and related measures:

More importantly, the Act provides precise definitions

10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394

Newspaper analysis Mains-2014

The RTE and POCSO are monitored and

Use of children for exploitative labour was

In India the child labour is prevalent in States

10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394

Newspaper analysis Mains-2014

development and quality education for all

10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394

Newspaper analysis Mains-2014

9. Combat trafficking of women and children

Other Articles which are important in this yojana:

10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394

Newspaper analysis Mains-2014

Good governance in India has gone through

Governance refers to interaction between

Participatory decision making

3. Information architecture and infrastructure

10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394

Newspaper analysis Mains-2014

February 2013: Development and Direct Benefit

To control the corruption

10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394

Newspaper analysis Mains-2014

f) there is a close linkage between poverty and

10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394

Newspaper analysis Mains-2014

Page 13 Intellectual and developmental disability in

Environment means perceived space in

Page 5 democratisation of information

Page 21 what is Bit coin?

Page 29 Social media and political communication in

Page 48 social media and the society network self

Page 61 Social media sites.

Envt problem is an age old problem evident

10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394

Newspaper analysis Mains-2014

13. India organized CoP 11 for the effective

The great thinker and proponent of

Page 36 Western Ghats Madhav Gadgil and Kasturi

August 2013 Inclusive Democracy V V IMP

10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394

Newspaper analysis Mains-2014

and social justice.

Internet connectivity to all PRIs

Page 14 Copyrights and Copywrongs.

10/70 ORN N.Delhi-60 9999801394

Newspaper analysis Mains-2014

India has had a long tradition of well established

What is the purpose of education?

The radical potential of education has been

Gandhi led great emphasis on integration of body,