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7
A ring of mass M hangs
from a thread, and two
m
T0
N
mg
mg
Mg
mv 2
N mg cos
R
1
0 mv 2 mgR (1 cos )
2
Solving for N
N mg(2 3 cos )
For the ring to rise
2N cos Mg
4m cos 6m cos M
2
3
2m
3M
2
2Ncos > Mg
2Ncos = Mg
2Ncos = Mg
c nc
F=F +F
WAB
c
F dr
nc
F dr
nc
AB
= UA - UB + W
nc
AB
K B - K A = UA - UB + W
nc
AB
Or, E B - E A = W
Prob. 4.2
v0
M
A block of mass M
slides along a
x
O
horizontal table
with speed v0.
At x= 0 it hits a spring with spring
constant k and begins to experience a
friction force. The coefficient of friction is
variable and is given by = bx. Find the
loss of mechanical energy when the block
has first come momentarily to rest.
v0
M
x
O
x0
M
x
O
1 2
E 2 kx 0
2
x0
bmg 2
W bmg x dx
x0
2
0
nc
12
Solving for x 02
2
mv
0
x 02
k bmg
bgm 2 v 02
bmg 2
x0
Loss of energy
2
2(k bmg )
Power of a Force
infinitesimal displacement d r is :
dW F dr
The power delivered by the force :
dW
P
F v
dt
Prob. 4.18
A 160-lb man leaps into the air from a
crouching position. His CM rises 1.5 ft
before he leaves the ground, and it then
rises 3 ft to the top of his leap. What
power does he develop assuming that
he pushes the ground with constant
force.?
Mg
s = 1.5 ft
s = 3 ft
Since WF 0 , we have
Wman Mg(s s) 160 4.5 720 lb ft
t0
v
2s
3
s
8
2gs
3326
6.0 hp
550
Prob. 4.19
Suppose the man applies a force that
decreases from the maximum at the
beginning of his leap to zero the
moment before he leaves the ground.
As a reasonable approximation take
F(t ) F0 cos t
( 0 t t 0 , t 0 / 2)
Mg
s = 1.5 ft
s = 3 ft
F F0 cos t
cos t g
M
M
F0
F0
1 2
v( t )
sin t gt ; h ( t )
(1 cos t ) gt
2
M
M
2
F0
v( t 0 )
gt 0 2gs
M
F0
1 2
h(t 0 )
gt 0 s
2
M
2
Putting
F0
and
M
2t 0
U( x ) - F( x) dx
xA
U
a)
c)
b)
x0
x0
x0
A point x0 is a point of
a) Stable equilibrium
2
dU
d U
0 &
0
2
dx x 0
dx x
0
b) Unstable equilibrium
dU
d2U
=0 &
<0
2
dx x 0
dx x
0
c) Neutral equilibrium
2
dU
d U
=0 &
=0
2
dx x 0
dx x
0
Energy Curves
U
E
K
Emin
x1
x0
x2
x0
U( x ) U( x 0 )
(x x 0 )
x
x
0
2
dx x 0
2 dx x
0
1
2
Or, U( x ) Const. k x x 0
2
Or, F k (x x 0 )
Where,
d2U
k
dx 2 x
Prob. 4.15
A particle of mass m moves in one
dimension along the positive x-axis. It is
acted on by a constant force directed
towards the origin with magnitude B, and
an inverse-square-law repulsive force with
magnitude A/x2.
a) Find the potential energy function U(x)
b) Sketch the energy diagram for the
particle when the maximum KE is K0.
c) Find the equilibrium position x0
A
F( x ) B 2
x
x
U( x ) F( x) dx Bx
x0
A
C
x
b)
Bx
A
x
E
K0
x1
A
B
x2
c) Point of equilibrium is :
dU
A
B 2 0
dx
x
Or, x
A
B
d U
2A
k
3
2
dx x
x0
0
k
m
B3
A
A
B