Types of wounds

Close wounds (Superficial)

Petechiae (pronounced puh-TEE-kee-ee) are pinpoint, round spots that appear on
the skin as a result of bleeding under the skin. The bleeding causes the petechiae to
appear red, brown or purple. Petechiae commonly appear in clusters and may look like
a rash. Usually flat to the touch, petechiae don't lose color when you press on them.
Petechiae are tiny, usually measuring less than an eighth of an inch (about 3
millimeters). Larger varieties of these types of spots are called purpura. Petechiae may
indicate a number of conditions, ranging from minor blood vessel injuries to lifethreatening medical conditions.

A bruise (layman's term), also called a contusion (medical

term), is a type of hematoma of tissue[1] in which capillaries
and sometimes venules are damaged by trauma, allowing
blood to seep, hemorrhage, or extravasate into the
surrounding interstitial tissues. Not blanching on pressure,
bruises can involve capillaries at the level of skin,
subcutaneous tissue, muscle, or bone.[2][3] Bruises are not to
be confused with other lesions primarily known by their
diameter. These lesions include petechia (< 3 mm caused
typically by platelet disorders), purpura (3 mm to 1 cm
caused typically by inflammation of the small blood vessels known as vasculitis), and ecchymosis
(>1 cm caused typically by coagulation disorders), all of which also do not blanch on pressure,
and are caused by internal bleeding not associated with trauma (e.g., platelet or coagulation
disorder).[4]

Epithelia
Epithelium is one of the 4 primary tissues of the body. It consists of cells usually
arranged in sheets or tubules that are attached to the underlying basement
membrane. The basement membrane, a structure seen with the light microscope,
has been subdivided into a basal lamina (thought to be produced by the epithelium)
and a reticular lamina (produced by connective tissue cells). You will usually see the
basal lamina only with the electron microscope.

Hecatomb extravasation of blood is wider but thinner.

Ecchymosis the
escape of blood into
the tissues from
ruptured blood vessels. The term

also applies to the

subcutaneous discoloration

resulting from

seepage of blood within the

contused tissue.

A hematoma or haematoma, is a localized collection of

blood outside the blood vessels. usually in liquid form
within the tissue. An ecchymosis, commonly (although
erroneously) called a bruise, is a hematoma of the skin
larger than 10mm.

Deep Close wounds

Sprain A sprain is damage to one or

more ligaments in

a joint, often caused by trauma or

the joint being

taken beyond its functional range of

motion. The

severity of sprain ranges from a

minor injury which

resolves in a few days to a major

rupture of one or

more ligaments requiring surgical

fixation and a

period of immobilization. Sprains can

occur in any joint

but are most common in the ankle and wrist.

Fracture a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone. A bone
fracture can be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal trauma injury as a result of
certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, bone cancer, or
osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture.

Kinds of Fracture
The Simple fracture is
often
Compound breaks look very serious immediately
remain on the outside of the skin or cause a cut from the
seen. In contrast, a simple fracture is a break in the bone
doesnt necessarily mean less serious, and there are

compared to the compound fracture.

because bone penetrates skin; bone may
inside and shift back to where it cant be
that doesnt penetrate the skin. Simple
other ways of assessing

degree of severity in bone breaks.

Compound Fracture, is an injury that occurs when

there is a break in the skin around a broken

bone. In order for an injury to be classified as a
compound fracture, the outside air (and dirt and
bacteria) must be able to get to the fracture site
without a barrier of skin or soft-tissue. Therefore,
a bone does not need to be through the skin in
order for the injury to be called a compound
fracture.

Comminuted Fracture is a fracture in which the bone involved

in the fracture is broken into several pieces. At least three
separate pieces of bone must be present for a fracture to be
classified as comminuted. This type of fracture can be challenging
to treat due to the complexity of the break, and it can be especially
complicated if the fracture is open, meaning that the bone is
protruding outside the skin. Open fractures are at a very high risk
of infection and they typically take longer to heal.

Strain is an injury to a muscle in which the muscle fibers

tear as a result of overstretching. A strain is also
colloquially known as a pulled muscle. The equivalent
injury to a ligament is a sprain.

Dislocation
displacement of a bone from a joint; called also luxation. The most
common ones involve a finger, thumb, shoulder, or hip; less common
are those of the mandible, elbow, or knee. Symptoms include loss of
motion, temporary paralysis of the joint, pain, swelling, and sometimes
shock. Dislocations are usually caused by a blow or fall, although
unusual physical effort may also cause one. A few dislocations,
especially of the hip, are congenital, usually from a faulty construction
of the joint, and are best treated in infancy with a cast and possibly
surgery.

Kinds of Dislocation

Simple dislocation Dislocations are caused by stresses

forceful enough to overcome the resistance of the
ligaments, muscles, and capsule that hold the joint in
place. A dislocation is called simple when the joint surfaces
are not exposed to the air.