Franzelle Gay G.

Estrella BSN II-C

HISTORY OF BOWLING
The earliest most primitive forms of bowling can be dated back to Ancient Egypt and the Roman Empire.
From records and artifacts in ancient Egypt, going back 30005000 years ago, remnants of bowls used at the time
were found. Balls, made of husks of corn, covered in material such as leather, and bound with string were made.
Other balls, made of porcelain, also exist, indicating that these were rolled along the ground, rather than thrown, due
to their size and weight. Some of these resemble the modern day jack used in target bowl games of today. Bowls
games of different forms are also noted by Herodotus as an invention of the Lydiansin Asia Minor. About 2,000 years
ago a similar game evolved between Roman legionaries: it entailed tossing stone objects as close as possible to
other stone objects (this game became popular with Roman soldiers, and eventually evolved into Italian Bocce, or
outdoor bowling).
The first standardized rules for pin bowling were established in New York City, on September 9, 1895. The oldest
surviving bowling lanes in the United States is part of the summer estate of Henry C. Bowen in Woodstock,
Connecticut, at Roseland Cottage. The lanes, now part of Historic New England's Roseland Cottage house
museum, dates to the construction of the cottage in 1846. It contains Gothic Revival architectural elements, in
keeping with the style of the entire estate.
Rules for target bowls evolved in each of the countries who had adopted the predominantly British based game. In
1905, the International Bowling Board was formed, and it subsequent constitution adopted the Laws of the Scottish
Bowling Association, with variations allowed for various regulations at individual country level. The oldest known
bowls green for target style bowling is that which is now part of the Southhampton Bowling club, in southern
England. The use of the land as an area for recreational bowls dates back to 1299, and was then known as the
"Master's Close".
Today, bowling is enjoyed by 95 million people in more than ninety countries worldwide and continues to grow
through entertainment media such as video games for home consoles and handheld devices.

EQUIPMENTS:
Types of pins
Five main variations are found in North America, varying especially in New England and parts of Canada:

Ten-pin bowling: largest and heaviest pins, bowled with a large ball with finger holes, and the most popular
size in North America

Nine-pin bowling: pins usually attached to strings at the tops, uses a ball without finger holes

Candlepin: tallest pins, thin with matching ends, and bowled with the smallest and lightest (at 1.1 kg)
handheld ball of any bowling sport

Duckpin: short, squat, and bowled with a handheld ball

Five-pin bowling: tall, between duckpins and candlepins in diameter with a rubber girdle, bowled with a
handheld ball, mostly found in Canada

Ball
Bowling balls vary, depending on the type of bowling game. Ten-pin balls are large, up to 27 inches in
circumference (approximately 8.59 inches diameter), and have as many as twelve holes, typically three holes. The
balls come in various weights from 6 to 16 lbs, with the size and spacing of the finger holes often smaller on lighter
balls to accommodate smaller hands. Different kinds of balls are available for different styles of bowling. There are
balls for hook shots and balls for bowling straight. The bowling balls meant for hook shots have different core
shapes and different chemical covers. There are a few types of chemical covers that allow a bowling ball to hook
more. One of these types of covers is a resin cover. This resin cover is designed to move and absorb the oil on the
lane to create a path for the bowler where there is less oil, increasing the amount of hook of the bowling ball. Balls
for other games vary, e.g., candlepin balls which fit in the palm of the hand need no holes. Unlike most sports, the
ball can be different weights based upon the player.
All bowling centers provide bowling balls (house balls) - their usage is included in the bowling fee. For ten pin
bowling, the center will provide a fleet of house balls in varying weight and standard grip sizes while idle lanes have
empty ball return racks. Customers that use house balls will pick a ball that fits from the house ball fleet and place it
on the ball rack at the designated lane. When done, the customer should return the house ball to the house ball
racks. In small-ball games, each ball return contains a quantity of house balls usually in at most one or two color
patterns.

Shoes
Bowling shoes are designed to mimic any style of flat shoe from regular dress shoes to athletic shoes. The
sole of the non sliding foot is generally made of rubber to provide traction, while the sliding foot's sole is made of a
smooth and flat material that allows a bowler to slide into the release with a rubber heel to allow for braking. Rental
shoes are typically leather and rubber on both feet for durability. These shoes can be bought, but most casual
players rent the shoes each visit to a facility. Players must be very careful while wearing them that the soft material
does not get wet or excessively dirty; if it does get wet or dirty, it will not slide properly, and could damage the
approach surface.
Depending on the bowling center, shoe rental may be included in the cost of bowling or be added as a separate fee.
To discourage theft, bowling shoes are often painted in highly distinctive patterns so that anyone who does steal
them will not be able to wear the shoes in public without making the theft obvious.

Hand Guard
A bowling guard is a metal wrist support to attain a certain angle to the wrist when releasing the ball; to hook
the ball. There are different types of hand guard, including those with a full metal finger design and ones with an
uncovered portion for the middle and ring fingers. There are also wristguards. They allow a bowler to keep their wrist
locked into place to generate revolutions on a ball or assist with position and/or weak wrists.

Bags
Traditionally, personal bowling balls are carried in special zippered bags, along with shoes and a polishing
cloth. Some bags are only large enough to fit shoes, while others can accommodate multiple balls, resembling roller
bag luggage.

STANCES:
Waist Position

The waist position is a low stance that begins with the ball near the waist. The position is a relaxed stance
that requires minimal effort in the starting position. The waist position does require either a short rolling motion or an
elongated motion where you raise the ball before rolling. The waist position is ideal for bowlers with natural power
because the motion is typically shortened.

Mid Level

The mid level stance begins with the ball between the waist and the face. The position holds the ball out
from the body where the bowler can align the ball before rolling. The mid level position is common with straight and
spin bowlers as it creates a smooth and natural motion. The mid level stance requires an energy increase in the
starting position. The bowling motion is executed immediately after raising the ball to prevent shaking and strain
during the shot.

Face Position

The face position is the highest stance. The position holds the ball in front of the face at the starting point.
The position requires little effort to hold as the ball is held close to the body. The ball position is typically held below
the eyes to create a focused field of vision. The ball is pushed away from the body as the bowler progresses in the
roll and the long motion generates high ball speed.

Posture

The posture is consistent regardless of the ball position. The back is straight with the torso leaning slightly
forward. The knees are slightly bent to create a power position and weight is also focused towards the ball of the

foot. The foot position is adjusted to compensate for stride length but the feet remain shoulder width apart with the
less dominant foot leading. You lead with the less dominant foot to balance the weight of the ball in the dominant
hand.