A.

Introduction
Background
Periodontal dressings is material used for dressing wounds
after surgical periodontal. The addition of antiinflamatory and
antibiotic on periodontal dressings often done but also pose an
allergic reaction so we needed a material alternatif a substitute
who can speed up the process of healing wounds without
generate

side

effects.

Plants

that

could

potentially

antiinflamatory , antioxidants, and a natural antimicrobial is

cocoa (Theobroma cacao l.) polyphenols in the form because it
contains flavonoids or condensed tannins.
Baharudin said ( 1996 ), granting extract rind of cocoa at
concentrations 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % having activity antiinflamasi
against number of cells macrophages[1]. A macrophage active
produce factors chemotaxis, growth factor, and cytokines that
affect the proliferation, and migration of fibroblas, endothelial
cells, and epithelial

[2]

. This indicates that extracts the rind of

cocoa capable of accelerating the process of healing wounds.

Formulation of the Problems
Based on the above background then arise problems,
among others :
1. Whether the addition of an extract the rind of cocoa in
periodontal dressings potential for healing of a wound gingiva
of increase of velocity of a rabbit who viewed from the number
of cells fibroblas?
2. How percentage of an extract the rind of cocoa in periodontal
dressings that is effective against an increase in the number of
cells fibroblas to wounds gingiva rabbit?
Research Purposes
1. To examine the potential the addition of an extract the rind of
cocoa in periodontal dressings to increasing the speed of

healing of sores gingiva the rabbits that are viewed from the
number of cells fibroblas.
2. To know the percentage of an extract the rind of cocoa in
periodontal dressings that is effective against an increase in
the number of cells fibroblas in wounds of gingiva rabbit.
Benefits Of Research
This research is expected to provide benefits such as:
1. As an additional information concerning the impact of the
addition of an extract the rind of the cacao ( theobroma cacao
l. ) on periodontal dressings to increasing the speed of
healing wounds.
2. As a reference more research on a dose of the use of an
extract the rind of the cacao ( theobroma cacao l. ) to of
ingredients mixed periodontal dressing.
Hypothesis
The hypothesis the addition of an extract the rind of the
cacao ( theobroma cacao l. ) in periodontal dressings able to
increase the speed of healing of sores characterized by an
increased number of cells fibroblas to wounds gingiva rabbit.
B. Literature Review
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
According to figuera et al.( 1993 ), skins of cocoa
containing

mixture

flavonoid

or

tannin

condensing

or

polymerization[3]. According to wollgast and anklam ( 2000 ) in

porbowaseso 2005, classify polifenol cocoa in three groups
namely catechin ( flavan-3-ols 37 % ), anthocyanin 4 %
proantosianidin and 58 %[4].
Catechin called catechoat acid with a chemical formula
c15h14o6, colorless and in a pure state a little not soluble in cold
water but a very soluble in hot water, soluble in alcohol and ethyl

acetate, is nearly insoluble in chloroform, benzene, and ether

[5]

Anthocyanin in chemistry is a derivative sianidin. This derivative

is formed of sianidin pigment with the addition or reduction of
hydroxyl

groups

or

by

methylation

or

glycosylation.

Proantosianidin is another name of condensed tannins. The

tannins are bound with sugars soluble in the solvent condensed
tannins, while hidroalkohol or tannins are more easily terekstraksi
with the solvent acetone 70%.
Wound Healing
Wound healing is a dynamic process that includes blood
vessels, fibroblasts, epithelial and

[6]

. The process then happens

in the healing of wounds is divided into three phases: the

inflammatory

phase,

phase

of

the

proliferation,

and

[7]

penyudahan phase

Inflammatory phase lasts for 0-3 days

[6]

. At the beginning

of this phase of the injured area is dominated by platelets.

Platelets release a number of factors chemotaxis, growth factors,
and cytokines that attract other platelets, and leukocytes to the
site of the wound fibroblasts

[8]

. Next in 24-48 hours phase

inflammatory taken over by leukocytes especially pmn, a

macrophage, and a lymphocyte played the role to deprive of
debris
factor,

and
and

memfagosit
also

by

bacteria.Factor
a

macrophage

chemotaxis,
cytokine

growth
that

is

produced.Growth factor pdgf, such as fgf, egf, tgf and tgf

impact on migration and the proliferation of fibroblas, endothelial
cells, and epithelial

[2]

. Next phase proliferation

between 3-24

day depends on the size wound.This phase dominated by tissue

formation granulation, synthesis collagen by fibroblas, and
process epitelisasi

[9]

.Last phase remodeling tissue, consists of

three part, namely epitelisasi contraction, and reorganization of

connective tissue.Duration phase it began at the 3rd sunday and

lasting minimum 1 year

[10]

Fibroblasts Cells
Fibroblas is cell that produces fiber and basic substance
amorphous ordinary connective tissue.This cell is a constituent of
connective tissue loose play important roles in development and
formation of structures of tissues 11 12.Fibroblas have roles in
the

components

extracellular

matrix

connective

tissue

as

synthesis collagen, elastin, glikosaminoglikan, proteoglikan, and

glycoprotein multiadhesif.
Periodontal Dressing
Periodontal dressings is material for dressing wounds after
surgical

periodontal.Periodontal dressings

does

not

contain

material that could in healing, but only help healing for the hurt
protected

[13]

Periodontal dressings that does not contain of eugenol often used

because does not have a an irritant.A formula it was introduced
by baer based on the reaction between a metallic oxide with fatty
acids

[14]

C. Research Methods
The research conducted experimental laboratories, is
research with delightful research the post test only control group
design.Population samples and object is local research guinea
( oryctolagus cuniculus ) about 36 tail.Samples research divided
into four groups based on the percentage of an extract in
dressing skins of cocoa periodontal is the control group ( 0 % ),
one group treatment ( 5 % ), group two treatment ( 10 % ) and
the three treatment ( 15 % ) with each group consists of 9 male
rabbits.Treatment of each group divided into subgroups of

dekapitasi, day namely wro group day ( 3rd ), subgroups two

( 5th day ), and subgroups three ( 7th day ) with each group
consists of three male rabbits.
The stage of making an extract the rind of cocoa is the skin
of fresh fruit cocoa diblender up to get a fine powder.A fine
powder the rind of cocoa diremaserasi with a solvent acetone 70
% as much as three times.Filtrat obtained then the solvent is
evaporated with rotavapor until not left and obtained extract
liquid.Extract liquid concentrated by an oven at a temperature of
60 0C

[15]

Stage making periodontal dressings extract skins of cocoa i.e. :

a. the control group ( K ): formula periodontal dressings baer
already homogeny 100 grams without extra extract rind of
cocoa.
b. Group treatment two (KP1 ): formula periodontal dressings
baer already homogeny 95 grams and added extract rinds of
cocoa stored 5 grams.
c. Group treatment three

( KP2 ):

formula periodontal

dressings baer already homogeny 90 grams and rind cocoa

added extract as much as 10 grams.
d. Group treatment four ( KP3 ): formula periodontal dressings
baer already homogeny 85 grams and added extract rinds of
cocoa 15 grams
Treatment of animals exercised after adapted for 7 days,
then performed anesthesia in combination with ketamin and
xylazine, punch biopsy and conducted on the gingiva of dental
insisivus right lower jaw section with diameter 2.0 mm labial until
it reaches alveolar bone. The wound was closed with periodontal
dressings with cocoa skin extract content. Each group is divided
into three sub groups according to the day of dekapitasi, i.e., on
day 3, day 5, and the 7th day. Then do the making of

preparations with Mallory and repainting Trichrome fibroblasts

cells observed with the light microscope with 1000 magnification.
D. Results And Discussion
Research Result
Based on the research that has been done, the average
number of fibroblasts cells of rabbits in the control group (K), a
treatment group (KP1), two (KP2), and three (KP3) can be seen in
table 1.