Endocrine System

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1. What is hormone? Write down the chemical classification of hormone.

Hormone: A hormone is a chemical substance which has diverse molecular structure,
released from endocrine glands and co ordinate the activity of many different cells.
Example: Thyroxine, Aldosterone.
Chemical Nature:
Proteins and Polypeptides: Hormones secreted by the anterior & posterior pituitary
gland, the pancreas, the parathyroid gland.
Steroid Hormone: Hormone secreted by adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes.
Derivatives of amino acid: Tyrosine secreted by the thyroid.
The pituitary gland is very small gland also known as hypothesis.
It is situated within a bony cavity at the base of the brain known as sell turcica.
It is divided into two parts.
i)

Another pituitary or adenohyposphysis.

ii)

Posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis.

Between these two lies a small zone avascular called pars intermedia.
2. Name the hormone of ant pituitary.What are the function of growth hormone ?
Hormones of Plant pituitary:
Growth Hormone (GH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Folic stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Growth hormones: Excess secretion of growth hormone causes two clinical condition.
(i)

Gigantism & Acromegaly

(ii)

Dwarfism

Md. Asif Hasan niloy

Gono Bishwabidyalay
Pharmacy 3rd semester
(24 Batch)

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Endocrine System
www.pharmgb.org

Gigantism: If hypersecretion of growth hormones occur before puberty, the person

becomes very tall, more than 7-8 feet. The limbs are longer. The person develops pituitary
diabetes mellitus. The cause is tumour of pituitary diabetes mellitus. This cause is tumour
of pituitary gland.
Dwarfism: Decreased secretion of growth hormone in childhood leads to dwarfism. The
height of the person is about 3 feet. There is proportionate development of different parts
of body. They have normal activity & reproductive function.
Acromegaly: It is due to hypersecretion of GH in adult after pituitary. Cause is tumour of
anterior pituitary.
The features are protrusion of supraorbital ridges, broadening of nose, protrusion of
supraorbital ridges, broadening of nose, protrusion of lower jaw. There is enlargement of
hands & feets. The mellitus, hypertension, headache.

3. What are the hormone secreted by thyroid gland? What are the function of thyroxin?
Thyroid Gland: The thyroid gland composed of two lobes and connected with the isthmus.
The thyroid gland is situated on the anterior side of the neck around the trachea.
The thyroid gland is composed of follicles that synthesizes thyroid hormones. The
follicles are lined by a single layer of epithelial cell. The inside of the cell are filled with a
protein rich substance known as colloid. Colloid contain a protein called thyroglobulin.
The thyroid gland secrete three hormones.
(i) Thyroxine (T4)

(ii) Triiodothyronine (T3)

(iii) Calcitonin

Md. Asif Hasan niloy

Gono Bishwabidyalay
Pharmacy 3rd semester
(24 Batch)

Page | 2

Endocrine System
www.pharmgb.org

Function:
It increases plasma calcium level by acting on bones, kidney, and intestine. It causes
resorption of calcium from the bones & renal tubules and absorption from intestine.
Increases phosphate excretion by kidney.
And decreases blood phosphate level.
4. What are the function of aldosterone? How aldosterone secretion is regulated?
Function of Aldosterone:
1. Aldosterone increases absorption of Sodium and secretion of potassium by the cells of
collecting tubule and distal tubule.
2. Aldosterone also causes excretion of hydrogen ion by the cells of collecting tubule.
3. Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of sodium chloride and secretion of potassium
by sweat gland, salivary gland. It also increases sodium absorption by the intestine.
Regulation of aldosterone secretion: Aldosterone secretion increases by
1. Increased K+ ion concentration in the extracellular fluid.
2. Increased activity of renin angiotensin system.
3. Increased sodium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid slightly decreases
aldosterone secretion.
4. ACTH from the ant. Pituitary gland is necessary for aldosterone secretion.
5. Write briefly about gaigantisn, mixririma, cushing syndrome.
Gigantism: If hypersecretion of growth hormones occur before puberty, the person
becomes very tall, more than 7-8 feet. The limbs are longer. The person develops pituitary
diabetes mellitus. The cause is tumour of pituitary diabetes mellitus. This cause is tumour
of pituitary gland.

Md. Asif Hasan niloy

Gono Bishwabidyalay
Pharmacy 3rd semester
(24 Batch)

Page | 3

Endocrine System
www.pharmgb.org

Cushing Syndrome: It occurs due to hypersecretion of glucocorticoids. The features are

Moon Face
Due to fat accumulation & retention of water & salt.
Buffalo Hump
Fat deposited on the back of neck & shoulder.
Pot Belly
Due to accumulation of fat in upper abdomen.

Md. Asif Hasan niloy

Gono Bishwabidyalay
Pharmacy 3rd semester
(24 Batch)

Page | 4