HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS

BY
P.T.GANGADHARAN
11MP64

FLUID POWER:
Fluid power Technology is a mean to convert , transmit and control the
fluid energy to perform useful work.
Fluid may be either liquid or gas.
Hydraulic system - Pressurised liquid
Pneumatic system - Compressed Air

PASCALS LAW
Pressure generated at any point in a confined liquid acts equally in all
directions.

ELEMENTS OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

PUMPS
It is a device which convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.

Principle:
To create partial vaccum at inlet which permits atmospherics pressure to
force the fluid through the inlet line and into the pump.
Types of Pump:
1. Hydrodynamic or Non Positive displacement pumps
2. Hydrostatic or Positive displacement pumps

Hydrodynamic or Non Positive displacement pumps

Examples : Centrifugal and Propeller pumps

Normally it provides smooth continuous flow.
If resistance inside the circuit increases then flow will get reduce.
It is possible to completely block off the outlet to stop all flow even the
pump is running at design speed. since there is great deal of clearance
between the rotating and stationary elements.
Thus the flow rate is not only depends on rational speed but also on
resistance on the external system.

Hydrostatic or Positive displacement pumps

It always deliver a fixed quantity of fluid per revolution of pump shaft.
The pump outlet is constant and is not dependent on system pressure.
It must be protected against overpressure (extremely rapid build up of
pressure even though it has no place to go)
Classification:
1. Gear Pumps
a. External gear pumps
b. Internal gear pumps
c. Lobe pumps
d. Screw pumps

2. Vane Pumps
a. Unbalanced vane pumps
b. Balanced vane pumps

3.Piston Pumps
a. Axial Design
b. Radial Design

Hydrostatic or Positive displacement pumps

Classification:
1. Gear Pumps
a. External gear pumps
b. Internal gear pumps
c. Lobe pumps
d. Screw pumps

2. Vane Pumps
a. Unbalanced vane pumps
b. Balanced vane pumps

3.Piston Pumps
a. Axial Design
b. Radial Design

PUMPS

CONTROL VALVES
Pressure control valves (PCV)
To control the liquid pressure.

CONTROL VALVES
Flow Control Valves (FCV)
To control the liquid flow rate.

CONTROL VALVES
Direction Control Valve (DCV)
To control the direction of flow of liquid.

ACTUATORS
It is used to sift the DCV into different positions.

HYDRAULIC MOTOR
It is used where rotary motion is desire.

HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
It is used where linear motion is desire.

HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS
SYNCHRONISING CIRCUITS:
SERIES PIPING.
MATCHING PUMPS.
SYNCHRONISING WITH FLOW CONTROL VALVES

AUTOMATIC CYLINDER RECIPROCATING CIRCUIT.

SEQUENCE OPERATION BY USE OF CAM VALVE.
TWO HAND SAFTY CONTROL CIRCUIT.

SERIES PIPING

MATCHING PUMPS:

SYNCHRONISING WITH FLOW CONTROL VALVES

AUTOMATIC CYLINDER RECIPROCATING CIRCUIT

SEQUENCE OPERATION BY USE OF USE OF CAM VALVE

TWO HAND SAFTY CONTROL CIRCUIT

TWO HAND SAFTY CIRCUIT

APPLICATIONS:
Construction: Earth-Moving Equipment, concrete Mixing
equipment
Ships
: Controllable pitch propellers
Aviation
: Hydraulic retractable landing wheels.
Defense : Missile launch system, navigation controls.
Transportation: Hydraulic presses for metal forming,
pneumatic hand tools, injection molding
machine etc.,
Material handling: Hydraulic jacks, hydraulic rams, conveyor
system etc.,
Automation :Hydraulic operated machine tools, Robots etc.,