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This document discusses various camera techniques used in filmmaking, including different types of camera movements and shots. It describes how the camera can pivot from side to side or up and down. It also discusses different types of camera movements like pans, tilts, tracks, dollies, booms, and hand-held shots. Additionally, it outlines specialized shot types like establishing shots, master shots, point-of-view shots, cutaways, inserts, two-shots, follow shots, and reaction shots. Finally, it covers composite shots created through techniques like mattes, dissolves, and wipes.
This document discusses various camera techniques used in filmmaking, including different types of camera movements and shots. It describes how the camera can pivot from side to side or up and down. It also discusses different types of camera movements like pans, tilts, tracks, dollies, booms, and hand-held shots. Additionally, it outlines specialized shot types like establishing shots, master shots, point-of-view shots, cutaways, inserts, two-shots, follow shots, and reaction shots. Finally, it covers composite shots created through techniques like mattes, dissolves, and wipes.
This document discusses various camera techniques used in filmmaking, including different types of camera movements and shots. It describes how the camera can pivot from side to side or up and down. It also discusses different types of camera movements like pans, tilts, tracks, dollies, booms, and hand-held shots. Additionally, it outlines specialized shot types like establishing shots, master shots, point-of-view shots, cutaways, inserts, two-shots, follow shots, and reaction shots. Finally, it covers composite shots created through techniques like mattes, dissolves, and wipes.
Camera can be moved: forward, backward, to the side
Camera pivots: from right to the left, from low to high angle Camera can sweep through the air Camera stays where it is
Pivoting and Zooming
Movement in two ways: 1.) horizontal or vertical axis 2.) using a zoom lens Forward and backward zooms introduce only apparent movements Pan or panamic shot: o camera pivots on a vertical axis and turns in a horizontal plane o swivels from side to side o 360 spot: the camera rotates in a complete circle o swish pan: a rapid pan renders the image as streacks o the pan can survey a wide, horizontal field of view or swing from one subject to another within a more limited field o From Here To Eternity (1953) symbolic pan Tilt ir tilting shot o camera pivots on a horizontal axis and moves in a vertical plane Moving Camera Shots the operator or the camera platform will move from one location to another the most common moving camera shots are hand-held, track, dolly and crane shots pan and tilt is also considered a camera movement, but of a different way Hand-held shot o perfectly smooth o instability of the normal hand-held shot introduces a desireable jerkiness, a feeling of informality, or the impression of impromptu shoting under realistic conditions o The War Game chaos of food riot instable shot Track or trucking shot o Camera platform moves along rails that are very like a pair of railroad tracks o Used as a generic term for any forward, backward, lateral or curving camera movement executed on the ground (regardless of wheter the camera platform has rubber wheels (dolly) or moves on steel rails)
o the term adverts to the use of a moving car or a wheelchair
Dolly shot o Involves more intricate movements than the average track shot o The Conformist (1971 B. Bertolucci) dance scene: the camera crosses the dance floor and seems to dance itself Boom or crane shot o Camera is mounted on a large, cantilevered boom or arm that is itself attached to a vehicle called a crane o The system is balanced for grace and smoothness o Aerial shot: the camera support actually leaves the ground (helicopter) o Young and Innocent Specialized Functions and Characteristics Some shots are identified by the specialized functions they play in a film or by other unique characteristics These functions: establishing shot, the master shot, the POV shot, the cutaway, the insert, the two-shot, the follow shot, the reaction shot, the matte shot, the composite and the superimposition or double exposure Shots have slow, fast and normal motion Establishing shot o introduces the location where the action will take place o long shot Master shot o overview of a scene that is capable of taking in all of its major action o full or long shot o master shot: more particularized views Insert o shot of an unmoving object that is cut into a scene or sequence Two-shot o view of two people Follow or following shot o the camera moves in order to keep a moving subject in view o follow-focus: art of keeping the moving subject in focus Reaction shot o shows peoples reaction to sg Reverse or reverse-angle shot o reverses the field of view, usually by an angle between 120 and 160 (180 or 360 reverse is not unheard of) o shot/reverse shot: used for conversations between people who are facing each other o over-the-shoulder shot: view over one persons shoulder to the face Matte Shots and Composites Mask or matte card o produces an image of certain desired shape Matte shot:
o part of the frame has been blocked out
o single image created through the sequential use of a matte and a countermatte o shots can be conbined into a single image without overlap o travelling matte: opaque pattern that changes shape with every frame composite o a shot that has been composed from material in several different shots or pre-print materials o composite print: has both sound and picture dissolve: one image melts into another that comes to replace it, is produced by superimposing a fade-out over a fade-in wipe: o one image displaces another without any fading or overlap (both are onscreen at the same time) o wipe line: two images point of conjunction o horizontal wipe: the line moves from screen right to left, or the reverse