CHAPTERS

;a) F(X < ~.s. y < J.) = fl),s.~) + f{l,l) = 1/ f'JC'J:

b) f'(X < ~.s) = f(1,s. ~) ... f(l,s,j)- f{t,l) =-l/8 l/<1 "' l/ 4 = s/ S
c)

PO' < 3) = f(1,s. 2.)- f{l.l) = 1j8 -+ l/ 4 = 3/8

d) F(X>l.8.Y>4.7l=f{ 3.sl=l/ 8
e) F..(X)= l( l/ 4) ""' l.j{j/8H 2.,sh/4) J.( l/ 8)= 1.812.5

E(Y) = 1h/j!l q {1/8l 3{1~)- 4h/41 5h/8) = :,_,875

2
2
V{X) = EIX,J - IF.(XJ), = )1 h/4l- 1-f f:)!S) :js {!f4)i 3 {1/8)~-1 .8125 = 0~961
2
V(Y) = F.(Y ) - IE(Y)J = )1 h/41 2 h /8) +3 h/4) + 4 h/4)- 5 (1/ 8)) - 2.875 = 1.8594
f) marginal distriblltionof X

f( x)

L5
2.5

318

0
1!8

v
g)

Jljl;U

=f

frr(1 5,y)
X (I .)-) andfX(10- ) = 3/ 8. Th<o,

;;1u(Y)
118 3/8 = l/3
1/4 3/8 - 213

2
3

(1!8)/(1/8) - I

1.5
i)

E(YIX = 1-5) = ~b/.1)- 3{2/3) = 2. 1/3

j) Sioce fyl 1,s(Y) ~ f)._{ v). Xand\' are oot indepeodent

a) It\'< os.Y o"J =fxr{- 1.->J +tm-oz,,-1) =

bl

3+4 = 8

3
It\'< oc,J =fx;{-1,->J-fxr{-oc,,-1) = 8
7

c) J{Y < l.j) =/X)''(- l ,-2)""-j).'y'(-O.j.-1)<!- /X)''{O.j,l) =

d)

5
It\'> 0.2;. Y <4Sl =/~')'(oc,.1)- /X)'{1,,) = 8

e) E(X)=

-I(..S!.)-05 (.!.)
4 + 05(.!_]
2 +I(.!.)
8 = .8!.

E(Y)=-2w-~r~J+1[a+2(~J= ~ .

V{X) = (- 1- 1/8),}.1/8)- (- Oc,- 1/J (1/4) + (Oc,- ~/8) {* ) - (! -:;f8J (1/8) = 04"9
V(Y) = (- 2.- t/ 4) (1/ 8) ... {- 1 -l/ 4) b/4) ~ (i- l/ 4) {1/~) tl: -t/ 4) (1/ 8) =- 1h87.5
f) margjMI distribl!.tionofX

fx(x)

- 1
- 0.5
0.5

liS
0
0
1/8

f XY(I,y)
_t;jx (Y) = f (I)
X

f~_yCY)

1/81(1/8) - I

h)
X

0.5

Yoi(112) - I

i) E(XIY =- 1) =-o -5

j) No, X and\' arc not independent

.;.-.;. a) Tlternng_eof{X,Y)is

3
y 2

Tlw: probl('Ol needs probabilities to totaJooe. Moditysotltat th.e probabilityof moduatedistortion is0.04.

x,y
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
1,0
1,1

1,2
2,0
2,1
3,0

f,..,(x,y)
0.857375
0.1083
0.00456
0.000064
0.027075
0.00228
0.000048
0.000285
0.000012
0.000001

b)

x
0
I
2
3

f.(x)
0.970299
0.029403
0.000297
0.000001

d)

0.920824
0.077543
0.001632

t) E.{\'!X = 1) = 0 (..()::!08~ )- 1( 0.077543)- 2{0.0t)l6j:::l:) = 0 .080807

g) No. XandY a.reoot independent because. for examPle, fy(o);:!\j1{o).

57 a ) 'flteNng.eof(X.Y)isX<~:O,Y:eoandX.a. Y:s4.
Here Xand\' denote the n-umber ofddecthoe items fou.nd ~r.i th insprctionde\icel aod :!, respecth"ely.

y=O
y=1
y=2
y=3
y=4

f(x,y )

x =O
1.94x1o- ' 9
2.59x10-' 6
1.29x1o-' 3
11
2.86x10"'
8
2.37x1 o-

x=1
1.10x1()1e
1.47x1o-' 3
1
7.31 x1o- '
1.62x10-8
1.35x1o-&

x=2
2.35x1o-'4
3.12x1o-11
1 .56x1~
3.45x1a-e
2.86x1o"'

x=3
2.22x 1o- ' 2
2.95x10-9
1.47X10.e
3.26X10"'
0.0271

x=4
7.88x1o1.05x1o-'
5.22x10 4
0.0116
0.961

X=2

x =3

x=4

2.899 X 10...,

0.0274

0.972

11

=[I; ](0.993)'(0.007)4-x .[(;j co.99JY'co 003/-Y

b)

x= O

x=1

f (x,y) = !(;Jco.993)'(0.007)"-x fin

I(X)

2.40 X 10'8

1,2,3,4

'1.36 X 10-6

c) Because Xbas a binomiaJ distribution F..(X) = n{p) = 4{0.99'J) = j..97~

d)

y
0
I

2
3
4
<l E.( YIX= >l = E(l' l = o(pl = 4(0.997) = 3.988

V(l'IX=>l = V(l') = o(pX1- p) = 4(0.99JX0.003) = 0.0120

g) \'es_. Xa od \' are indepe:odent.

-_ff;)

fw(y)
8.1 x l0
1.08 X 10-7
5.37 X 10-5
0.0119
0.988

(XY(X,V)

0.1296
0.0648
0.0324

0
1

0.0162

0
0
0
0

2
3

0.0081
0.0216
0.0108
0.0054

0
1
1
1

4
0
1
2

0.0027
0.0036
0.0018
0.0009

1
2
2
2

3
0
1
2

0.0006
0.0003
0.0001

3
3
4

(x(x)

0.251 1
0.0405

0
1

0.0063
0.0009
0.000 1

2
3
4

'I
0

c) E.(X) = l::c:J),'(x) = oo .~ u ... lo.o405 ... ~o .oo63 3o.ooo9 ... 40.0001 = o .o.;6::~

d) ftv1X=3l = I'\Y,;,Y*=3,VJ'(X=3)
u 4 4o
P(Y = o. X=~=~ 1~ !)/C 41'( = 1. X= J) = C 1C yc 4
I~:X = j ) = C 1C 3iC 4 , from t.hehypcrgeomctricdistrib~>tionwithN = 40, n = 4. k = 4.x = 3

Therefore
24 4 40
36 4 40
24 ,36
4oiX= 31 = lG2 ,~ :YS!o .,Jil 5'; ,~ :YS!o .,J =G.
6 , = 2/3
~~IX= 31= IC ,c !)IC 4!/l C ,c !)IC .,J = C ,jC , = l/3

!15

fy,;(y)

2/3
1/3

0
1

3
3

0
0
0

2
3
4

3
3
3

e) E(YIX = j ) = o(ol>667) ' ! ( 0 =) = o =

0 V(Y)X= j) = (0- 0 = ) (0.6667)" {!- 0 =) ( 0 =) = OM4l

g) f)do ) = O.!t5n, ty(O) = O.l.;$.5. fx(o ) f\'{O) = O.Oj91)46T. fxy(o .-0) = 0.12XaOO \' sreoot independent.
S ll. (a)

fX\oz(x.,y.z)

(wz{x,y,z)

Selects(X}

0.43
0.44
0.04
0.05

23
4.2
11.4
130

0.04

Updates(Y}

lnserts(Z}

11
3
0
120

12
1
0
0

b) l'xY)Z=O

P:-.'\lZ = o(x,v)

4/ 13 = 0 .3077
5/ 13 = 0 .3846
4/ 13 = 0 .3077

Selects(X)

11.4
130
0

c) F(X<6. Y <61Z= 0) = P(X = Y = 0) = 0,3077

d) f..(XIY = o.z = o) = o.,sn4- o,so = 57

uodates(Y}

lnserts(Z}

0
120

0
0

3 2

a)

b)

4
P(X < 2,Y <3) =-f

81 0

81

! 0

f)

'- >
.

81

18

81 2

= 0.5833

23

E(X) =-J Jx- yaxdy =- J9ydy =-.L = 2

81
Sl
9 3 o
0 0
0
4

81 0

P(X <O,Y < 4) = - J J ~)dxdy = 0J ydy = 0

3

g)

4
fx(x) = J frr (x,y)dy= x J Jdy = ; x(4.5) =
8 0
1
0

h)

f n (I 5, .V)
f jjl.s(y) = f (1.5) =

i)

E(YIX=LS) =

.[ l

t(IS)

f y~y dy =~f/dy = ::;

3

. l

2
P(l' < 2 1X = L5) = /, .(y) = f ydy=.!.l
YJl.>
9
9
0

f vl2 (x) =
"1

f .(x,2)
XJ

fr(2)

..!.x(2)

= 81

~Y

fi y(LS) =-2 y for0 < y < 3

k)

25 J

j)

2 25

4
2.5
4
(2 2 - 1)
P(X > 1 8,1 < Y < 2 .5) = - J J \)'Cixdy = - (2 88) j.Jiiy = -(2.88) )
= 0.3733
81 l l.8
81
l
81
2
433?.

e)

P(l< Y <2.5) = - J J ~ydxdy = - (4.5)J ydy =-.L

81

d)

81

P(X < 2.5) = P(X < 2.5, Y < 3) because the rauge ofY is from 0 to 3.
4 32.5
4
_3
4
.9
P(X < 2.5,Y <3) =-J fwdxdy =-(3 12)) J ydy =-(3.12))-= 0.6944
81 0 0
81
0
81
2
4 ?_,

c)

4 J ydy =-(2)
4 (9]- = 0.4444
J xydxdy=-(2)

for 0 < x <3.

=2
?

-=
0

=-x for 0 < x < 3.

tC2)
9

4
4
- 0=
9
9

3 x

2 x

0 0

...

x 81 Therefore c = 8/81
__ c
X)ldydx =c x-v2 dx = cJx'
-2 dx-=-c.
, .,,. JJ .
8
8
'
J

8
8 x 8(I] I
P(X<1,Y<2) = - J J.wdydx =-f - dx =-- =-.
1

a)

81

81

0 0

b)

81 8

81

.
( 8x
8 Jx.-x dt =
) x- =[8-)(2 -1) = 5- .
P(l<X<2)
= -8 J J.n'a\Yix
=81 l 0 - .
81 l 2
81 8 l
81 8
27
3

c)

8 J Jx X}'(l.ydx =-J
8 x
P(Y> i) =81 l l
81 l

(x

(x x

:lg- :)-(~ - ~ll= ~~

2

d)

e)

= 0.7901
4

.
8 J -x dx =
8( 2-) =16
P(X<2,Y<2) = -8 J Jx xyrt}YiX
=-.
81 0 0
81 0 2
81 8
81

s' x

8 ~ x

81 0

81 0

g32

81

g 3.4

E(X) =-J J x(xy )dydx =-J J x ydydx =- f : x dx =- J~dx

0

0 -

81 0 2

=l:~JU~J= ~:
f)

8 3 x

83 x

s'

x3

81 0

81 0

81 0

E(Y) =-J Jy(:ry)dydx =- J J xy 2dydx =- J x- dx

=81..[3

8
J
IS =5

g)

f(x) = ~ ndy = x'

h)

81 0

3>

][ .

dx = 81

81

..

~(l)y
(}) = f(l,y) = 81
= 2V
3
l'Jx=l
/(1)
4(1)
81
l

i)

E(Y JX =i) = f2yay = / l = I

0

j)
k)

P(Y > 2 1X = I) = 0 this isn't possible since the values ofy are. O< y < x.
/(}) =

-81Jxydx
8

24 , therefore
9

x(2)
f(x,2) 8i
2x
(rp=2 (x) = /(2) = 4(2) =9-

- I) dx =-J
8 -/ --dx
x =8 - - -]
2
81 l 2 2
81 8
4 l

cJJe- 2 xe- 3Ydvdx = -=Je- 2 x(e- 3x)dx =-=Je- 5 xdx

511.
3
3
0 X
0
0
1 2

a)

P(X < 1,Y < 2) =1 5J Je-lx-lydydx = 5Je- 1 x(e- 3x - e- 6 )dx

0

e- 5xdx -

= 5J

5e-6 J e- 2 xdt = 1-e- 5 +.?.e- 6 (e- 2 -I) = 0.9879

2 ..

P(l < X < 2) = 15J J e-l x- lyd_ydx = 5J e- sxd}>dx =(e- 5 - e10 ) = 0.0067
l

c)

c = 15

0 X

b)

1
=c
15

e-l x- 3-"dydx+

P(Y > 3) = 15(J

JJ

3 x

e-lx- lyd}-dx] = 5 e-9e- 2'dx + 5 e- 5xdx

03

3 -15 + -5 e-9 = 0.000308

=--e
2

2 2

d)

P(X < 2,Y < 2) = 15J J e- lx-lydydx = 5J e- 2x(e- 3x - e-6)dx =

0 X

2
5

~ - e- 10

= 5J e- xtb. - se- J e- xtb.. =

0

e)

)+ ~ e-

E(X) = 15J Jxe- lx-lydydx = 5Jxe- 5xdx = -~ = 0.04

0 X
0

3
5
E(Y) = 15J J ye-lx- 3-"dydx = - J 5ye- 5Ydy + J 3ye- 3Ydy
2 o
O x
20

3
10

5
6

8
15

=--+-=

g)

f(x) = 15J e-lx- 3-"dy = 1; (e-lz- Jx) = 5e-sx for X> 0

X

h)

fr(l) = 5e- 5
f~v_1 (Y) =

.-. -

f XY(I,y) = 15e-l -ly

15e_2_ 3Y
.

se- >

3e'-' Y for 1 <y

i)

E(YIX = I) = J

3ye3-

j)

k)

.ft23e3- Ydy = 1- e3

For y> 0 fx,-_,(v)

- =

Ydy =-y e3- 3-"1

1

+ .it

e3- 3-"dy = 413

1
= 0.9502 for 0 < y, fy(2) = ; e- 6
l Se-2 x~
.

1)

- e-6
2

- 2x

2e

for 0 < x < 2

~_. - 1~ 0.9939

.;H9

Thtarapholl lwlra~eof(X. Y)is

5
4

3
2
1
:........,2::----:3::---+--- - X

.J x+!

I x-1

J J cdydx+ J J cdydx = I
0 0
I

I x- 1
4

-cJ<x+ l)dx-

2c J dx

-~c+6<:=1.5c =l

Tbcrtfore, c = tn.5 = 211 5

0.50.5

a)

JJ .l..lfl'<if=
..L
7.5 .
30

P(X < 0.5,J" < 0.5) =

0 0
O..Sx+!

b)

0.5

1
7

P(X<O.S) = J

J ;dydx =/;J<x+ l)dx--&<;>-n

0 0

0
4 x+ l

I x- 1

c)

E(X)- J

J .:Ldydx
+J J 1.5
.:Ldydx
7.5

0 0

l x-l

-nJ (x +x)dx- J (x)dx = :;c~H-?.i-{7.5)= ':

1

1
7

I
1 x- 1

d)

4 x- 1

E01-~J J ydydx - 7~f J

7->

_ _L J

.)

)Yi)dx

l r-1

.,

.,

(x- 1)-dx+ -1 J<x+1) - (x-1)-dx

7.5 O

7.5 I

2
4

-..1.. (x +2x+ l)dx + ~ 4xdx

2

IS 0

1:>

- .IS.L(l]
+ ...!.. f30)= 97
3 IS'\
45
e)

/(x)-7~dy=[x~ll
7.>
7.)

fur

f(x)-7

_!_dy =(x+1-(x- l)l = ~

75
r-1
I)

O< x < l,

7.5

/ rr(l,y) 1/7.5
/J"'.TI(J) = .f x (1) = 2/7.5

ilr I < X< 4

75

0.5

fn,r. 1(y) = 0.5 fur O< y < 2

21

g)

E(YiX- 1) =

f Ydy =L =I
0

4
0.5

h)

P(Y <0.51 X = I) =

0
0.5

JO.Sdy = O.Syl
0

= 0.25

> 5,Y > 5) = (1 / 1024)

P(X

J, J,
e

t2

i~~dydx = 3.2Je ;~2 [e - / 2]dx

,

= [e- l 2](e

3 2)

= 00439

P(X > 10,Y > 10) = (1110.24)

JJe 32 3.2dydx = 3.2J e

y

!0 !0

X [

3.2

!0

e 32 dx

!0

=[e-:~j(e :~)=00019
h) let Xdeoote t.h;e nc.mber oforders ioa .;minute interval. TJ>.en Xis a Poisson random variable \-.ithA= s/:J;'! = l-5~'i
e- 1.5625 (1.5625?

0256 For boths)-stems,JlX= ~}J(}'= ~) = 0~62 = 0.065.5

RX= 2) = ------'2-!----'-- =

c) Thejoint probabilitydistribution is oot neoesssry bix:ause t~.e 1\~o processes: arc independent andwecanju.st mu.ltip!yfl!.e probabilities.

~~

as 1 1

as

P(X <0.5) = J J J <sxyz)dzdydx = J J <4xy)dydx = J<2x)dx = x

a)

000

00

2
0

= 0.25

0.505 1

P(X <0.5,Y < 0.5) = J J J (SX)'l)dzdydx

b)

0 0 0
0.5 0.5

0.5

= J J <4xy)a)dx = J<o 5x)dx = ~

0 0

0.5
0

= 0 0625

c) P(Z < :l) = 1. because the rangeofZis from d to 1.

d) P(X < o..;orZ< ~) = P(X <OS) -+ P(Z < 2)- P{X < o,s,Z< '1). NOW', P(Z< 2) = umd P(X < o,s.Z< 2) = P(X < o,s). Tlt.ereforc, ilteanswer is
l.

2
2
2
, 1 E(X) = J J J (Sx ,l'l)d?dydx = J (2x )dx = ~' 1 = 2 / 3
0 0 0
0
0 RX < o.siY= o..;) is th.c integral ofth.eoonditionsl &ns.ityJxtrix).
1

Now.fxJo.;(X) =

f xr (x,O 5)

JJ
l

.t;.(0. ) and}x;t>'.O~)= (8x{o.o;Jzld><=4'0~=utoroooandO<y<>.

5
0

Also.fy'(y)=

{S:cyz)dzd.l'=!!yforo <y< 1.TJ!..erefore.

f.~o5(x) =

2x

-1- = 2X foro <x < 1.

0.5

nen, P(X < O.SIY = 0.5) = J 2xdx = 0.25 .

0

g)

P(X < 0.5, y

< o.slz = 0.8) is theintegraJ oftheoooditional &nsityofXandY. No.....fz(z) = :uforo < 1: <us in part a )and

(xv) = fXJz(x,y, z) = S~y(OS) = 4xv

J~njz

f, (z)

2(0.S)
o
.) o.)

'

foroooando<y<..no.
o
.::
1

P(X < OS,Y < 0 sjz = 08) = J J <4xy)dydx = J (x l 2)dx =-= 00625
0 0

I>)

Th(!O.

fy~.z)=

{ (8xyzldx=4yzforo < >.

_ f.nz(x,y,z) _
f ~1,...llz(X) - J; (y, z) 2

Sx(0.5XO.S)
~
4(0.) XO.S)

)
...."forO<X<l.
0.5

n Tl!..wore. P(X < 0.51Y= 0.5, Z = O.S) = J2xdx = 0.25

0

16

.;-a.:;.. Oetennioecsn.ch thatj{xyz) =c is a joint density probabilityO".'ef the regionx > o.y > o aodz > o "'ithx y 7.<1
I 1-x 1- x- y

.f(xyz)= cJ J

00

(l -?.x)2~X= Jc
1

J c (1-x) - x(l- x) -

2 1-x

J dza)Yix =J Jc(l- x - y)a}Yix =J

00
1

1 1- x

c(y- .ry -~)

dx

-0

(1 - xY
J
2

Therefore., c = 6.

= c- .
6

I 1- x1- x- v

JJ J.

P(. < O.S. i' < O.S. Z < 0.5) = 6

a)

0 0

Th.eoonditionu < o,s.y< o,s;z < o,s andx ... y- z < 1 make a space tf!.at is a

~beto.i tlta \'Oiumeof0.1.1j. TherefOretheprobabilityofRX < o,s. Y < o,:;Z < o,s) = fl(0 .!15) = 0 .7.;

b)

J~y-6.ry-3/

P(X < 0.5,Y <0.5) = JJ 6(1 - x - y)dydx =

0 0

0.>9
9
3?.
'(
)
(
= { - 3xdx = x - x ]05 = 3/ 4
4

0.51- x}- x- y

c)

P(X <0.5) = 6J J
0

dx

0.5H- x

0.5

., 1-x

J dzdydx = J J6(1 - x - y)dydx = J6(y - .ry - y-)

00

[ 2
I~
f.S
= o.s
J6 !....- x+ - x = (x3 - 3x2 +3x) = 0.875
2

I 1- x 1- x- y

d)

E(J{) = 6J J

l 1- x

0.5

2 1-x

J xdzdydx = J J6x(l - x - y)dydx = J6x(y- .ry- L )

000

0 0

x3 2 x
3x''
- 3x2 ]1
1
f
= J6(- - x + - )dx = - -2x,+= 0.25
2

e)

.rex) = 61 1-Tdzdy = 16<1- x - y)a)= 6(y - .ry 0

-~2]1-x
-

x2
I
,
6(- - x+ - ) = 3(x-l) fur 0 < x < I
2
2

1-x- v

f)

f(x ,y) = 6

dz = 6(1- x - y)

forx >0,y > 0 and x+ y < I

g)

_)

f( x Iy = 0.),Z= 0- ~ =

h)

f (x,y = 0.5,z = 0,5) 6

fi
=-= 1 orx > 0
f(y = 05,z = 0.5)
6

n.e ma.rgill.'llfl..'(y)issimi.lar tof.\'(x) aodf}''(y) = j (1- y) foro< y < 1.

fYJr(x !O.S) = f (x,O.! ) = 6(0S - _x) = 4(1 - 2x) furx < 0.5

f;.(O ))

3(0.2~)

521. a) l.et Xdeootet.lteweiglttofa brick. n.en,ll.X> !!.75) = ~>

d.~l) = R.Z>- l) = o .&u.)4.

l.et Ydenote tt.enwnber of bricks in tr.esamp!e-o f iO thato:ceed 2.75 pot:Dds. Ttten. byiOO-epeod.eoce. Y ~.as a binomial distribntion"'ith n = :!0 and- p =
0.84134. Therefore. tft.eanswer isRY = :!0) =

G~ ~.841.34'2-0 = 0.03,2.

b) lrt A&oote tl.eeYent tha t th.e f!.ea ...ir..st brick in the sampleo:oeeds 3.75 pou.nds.. TJ!.-c~) = 1 - P(A;andA' is tf!.e('\'f:Ot thst aU bricks
wcigh IE'SS t1tan3.75 ponnds.As inparta .. P(X < 3.75) = P(Z < j)and ItA) = 1-IRZ < j)} = 1-0.9')865 = 0 .02.6;.

52(). E(X) = 1(3/8) ... l(t/ 2.) ... 4h/ 8) = 15/ 8 = l.875

E<Y1 =3{!/SJ ~ 4(>/4l + sb/ >1 f~>/81 =37/ 8 = 4-b!!s

F;.(X '{) = hx3x{lj8)1 .a. hx4X(l/ 4)J .a. [2.X5X(lj l)l l4x6x(J/ 8)J
= 75/8=9..)?5

o,w= F
YJ- F~Y1=9,'17S(>.87SX4,f>;1= 0.7031>5
V(X1 =I Jj/81+ >1(!j>1 41(1/81- (\1/81 = 0.8591
V(Y1 =3 (!jS) + 4 (>/41 + s (>/ >1+ 6 (>/ 8)- U7/8) =0.7$44
P = u xr =
0.703125
=O 8851

.rr

"x"r

~(0 S594X0.7344)

LLc(x+ y) = 36c,
.;;Jl.

c = 1/ 36

x=l y= l

E(Y) =

E(X ) = .!l_
6

.!]_

E(XY) = 14

E(Y2 ) =~

E(X2) = 16
3

"

= 14
'11'3

-(.!l_J' =_-I
6

36

V(J.') = V(Y) = _23

36

-1

~6[23

p=

- 0.0435

V36V36
.;jj. E(X1) = op1 = 3{t/$) = 1

f:!X;) = np2 = 3h/3) = 1

V(X1l = ;)p1(l- p1) = 3{!/3X>/3l = 2/3
V(X;) = 3P,(l- p,l = 3{!/3X>/3) = ' /3
E(X1X,l = n(n- 1)p1p; = :)(X>/3Xl/3l= ' /3
u . = 2 / 3 -12 =-113 and p

.=

~n

.n

- 113
=-0.5
J C213X2/ 3)

n.esign is negati\'t'.
for aooth.er o:ampleassume that n = :10
EC<1) = np1 = :l:Ob/3) = 6.67

f:!X;l = np2 = 20{1/:)) = 6 .&7

V(X1) = np1{J- p1) = ~o{ljj}{2/3) = 444

V(~) = np:l( J- P:l) = 20 (1/$)(~/3) = 444
EC<1X2) = n(n- l)p1 p::~= Wh9Xl/$Xl/$) = 4.:1.2-2

2267 - -0'1
2
.)
u n -- 42?2
- - 667
. - -?- 267 ana. p u -- 1

v (4.44X4.44)

5"31 a) E(X) = 1 E.{Y) = 1

E(XY) =

JJxye- x- >'dxdy

Jxe- xdxj ye- -"dy

0 0

E(J.')E(l)

T~.erefore,OXY = PXY = 0 .

539

f:.(X) = -l(l/4)+1h/4) = 0

E(Y)= -l(l/4)>!(1/4) =0
E(X\') = l-lXOX{l/4ll ... l-lXOX(l/4)] ... IJX()X{l/4ll ... IOXJX{l/4ll = 0
V(X) = l/ >
V(Y) = l/ 2
OX}' :: 0-(0 )(O) = 0

. =

.n

a-.1.1' =

~,,

~11 2~11 2

=0

Tlbcoo~lation is zero, but XandYare not independent, since, for example, ify =

o, Xmust be -1 or 1.

5-41. ~'llppost tlbeoorrclation bet\..-reo XandYis p. for oonstantsa, b,c,andd, what is i!teoorrelation bet\'1&"0 t.J!.e Nndom \'ariab!es U =aX
bandV=cY .. d?
Now, E(U) =a E(X) band E(V) = c E.(\') "' d.
Also. U- E(U) = I X - E(X) )anc!V- E(V) = cl Y- E(Y) ]. Then.
aw= EUU- E(u1J[V- E(\~l!= a<:E{IX- MllY- E(Y)l}= """XY
2 .
. 22,
2~~
212
Also. uu =EIU-{U)} =a tlX-E.(X)) =a a >.'OJldUv = C urTilen.

p,
uv

acu

Xl'

~a2u2X ~c2u2r

{Pxy
-p

if a and care of the same.sign

-IT

ifaandcdiJ!eriusign

5-4.~. a) peroentageofslabsclassifiedas ltigh = p1 = 0 .0 5

perccntagcofs.Jabsdassifiedas medium= P2 = 0.85

percelrtageofslahsclassifiedas low= Pj = 0 .10

b) X is tile number ohoids independentlyclassified as I>JghX ~ o
Y is th.e numberof\ooids independ-entlyclassified as medicm Y ~ o
Zis t.bem:.mherof~i tha low nlimbetohoi dsandZ~ 0 and X .a. Y- Z= 20
c)

p1 is the perc.entageofslabs classified as high.

d) F..(X) = np1 = 20(0.05) = 1

V{X) = op1 {l- p1) = 20(0.o.;X0.95) = (H)5

e) RX = l,Y = 17 .Z = 3) = o Btcause tlt-e point (1,17,3) 1c 20 is oot io the: rangeof(X.Y.Z).

f) llX!; 1, Y = 17.Z = 3 ) = RX = o. Y = 17.Z = 3 ) ... RX = l, Y = 17.Z = :})

Be:.<n:se the point(l,t7;$) -'* 20 is not in the range of{X, Y. Z).

g) Be::au.seXisbioomiai,Jt\'::1)=

20
20
) oo)0 o....o) 20 +( l ) oos1o 9') 19 -- o 73 :>s
0
(

Because Xis binomial E(\') = np = 20(0.85) = 17

i) Tf!.e probabilityiso becau.sex ... y + z > 20
h)

P(X = 2,Y = 17)

jlll:x=2 IY=!7)=
P(Y = I7)
Now,l>ec.ousex<yz=20,
201
0.0520.85n0.10 1 = 0.0540
2!17!1!

P(X = 2, Y = 17) = P(X = 2, Y = 17, Z= I) =

P(X = 2 1Y = 17) = P(X = 2, Y = 17) = 0.0540 = 0.2224

P(Y = 17)
0.2428

E(X i y = l7) = o[P(X = O,Y = 17)}+ I( P(X = I,Y = 17))

P(Y = 17)
P(Y = 17)

kl

2( P(X = 2,Y = 17) ] 3 ( P(X = 3,Y = 17))

P(Y = I7)
+
P( Y=I7)

E(X i y = 17) = o[o 071!5) + 1[o.I 079) +

0.24"8
0.2428

2 (o~396]+
3[o.oo8~94]
0._428
0.24_8

= I
5-45 a) The probabilitydistribution is mllltinomial becs1lSttJt.e result ofeach trial {a droppedo\'eo) result$ incitJ!..er a major. minor or oo

defect t'lith prohabiJityo.6. 0.3and 0 .1 respecth'Ciy.Aiso. t~.;e trialsart indepcndmt

b) let X,\'.andZd.eootetlt.e m:.mber ofot'f:OS iothe sample of four v.;tn llliljor, minor,and no defects, respecth'cly.

P(X = 2, Y = 2,Z = 0) =

d)

D V

~=

4!
2
2 0
0.6 0.3 0.1 =0.1944
2 !2 !0!

4!
0
0

0z )
0.6 0.3 0.1 = 0.0001
' = --= =o!0!4 !
V

f.yy(x,y) = L:J.nz(x.y~ z) wh.ere Rist~.-esetotvaJn-es forzs1:ch tft.atx ... YH = 4.That is. Roonsistsoftlt-esing.Je\-aluez = 4
R

-x -vaoo f,~(x,y) =

"

4!
0.6'0.3-"0.1"-x-.>forx Y
x ! v!(4-x- y) !

d 1-.;(X) = np1 = 4(0.6) = 24

f;(Y) = np::l = 4(0,3) =!.2

glll:x=, IY=2l=

P(X = 2,Y = 2) 0.1944

P(Y = 2)
- 0.2646

P(Y = 2) = [; ) 0.320.1' = 0.2646 from

It)

_
0 7347

tr~ binomial m.arginal distnb,tionofY

Not poss.ible.x ... y z = 4, tft.;e prob.!lbilityis:zero.

il /l:xiY =2) =11:x = IY =2)./l:x=IY=;),/l:x =oIY =;)

P(X = 0 1Y = 2) = P(X = O,Y = 2) = ( 4 ' 0.60.32 0.12 ) /0.2646 = 00204

P(Y = 2)
0!2!2!

I'

41
1
2
P(X = 11 Y= 2) = P(X = ,Y = ) = (
0.6 10.3 20.11'J /02646 = 0.2449
P(Y = 2)
1!2!1!
/'

2
2
P(X = 2 1Y = 2) = P(X = ,Y= ) = [ 41 0.620.320.1 ] /02646 = 0.7347
P(Y = 2)
2 !2!0!
/'
j) E.(XIY = 2) = 0(0.0 204)- 1(0.2449) ... 2{0.7347) = 1.7143
5-47. Becausep = o and Xand\' are oormallydistributed, XandY a: iockpendeot. Tttrd'ore.

(a) P(2.95 < X < 3.05) = p[2.95 - 3 < Z < 3 05 - 3) = 0.7887

0.04
0.04

(b) P(7.60 < Y < 7.80) = p[760 - 7.70 < Z < 7.80 - 770) = 0.7887
0.08
0.08
(c) P(2.95 < X < 3.05, 7.60 < Y < 7.80) = P(2.95 < X < 3.05) P(7.60 < Y < 7.80) =
p (2 95 3 < z < 30s 3}p [ 76o no < z < 7so no) = o.78872 = 0 .6220
0.04
0.04
0.08
0.08

5-49. lk-causep = o and XandY ar'fnorm.al!ydistributed,Xand\'areindepe:ndent. Tlterefore.1QC = 0.1 mm.ox = O.OOOj.l mm.py = 0 .23

mm,<J\' = 0.00011 mm
ProbabilityX is 'ritll.inspec:ificstion limits is

ro_099535 < X < O. I00465) = p (0.099535 - 0.I < Z < 0.100465 - 0.1)
\

0.00031
0.00031
= P(- 1.5 < Z <1 .5) = P(Z < 1.5) - P(Z < - 1.5) = 0.8664

Probabilitytltat Y is within specification limits is

?'0.22966 < X < 02 3034) = p [0.22966 - 0.23 < z < 0.23034 - 0.23]
0.00017
\
0.00017
= P(- 2 < Z <2) = P(Z <2) - P(Z < - 2) = 0.9545
ProbabilitytJ!.at a randomJysclected lamp is '~ithinspecifica tion limits is{0.8664X0:9594) = o.S::qo

and each ofthe last two integrals is reoogni7das the iotegraJ of'a oonn.aJ probability density function from - 0 tO0 Th.<tt is.each integl'aJ
cqu.l.sone.6'incefX}''(x.y) =J{x)J'{ y) t.J!.(!O Xand\' are indepe:oc!ent.

'
dy

The last integral is reoognil.edas ttteintegral ofa oormal probabilitydens.itywithmeao J1Y

tt.e last int~ral eqU:alsoneaOOtr.e req-.:.ested result is obtained.

ul'r:{X - J1 1)
UX

'

a) E.(j.X ~ 2\') = 32- 26 = 18

h) V(j.X ... 2-Y) = 95 + 48 =

c) 3X <!- 2Y- ?\(18. 77) o ,.s

pt)X + 2Y < 18) = P(Z < (18- 18)/77

) = o .s

o-

d) PC$,X ~ :!\' < :!8) = ~L < (28- 18)j77

">= P('L < u396) = 0.87j.

5:f7 aJ letT deoo!;:: tft.etotal thickness. Th.en, T =X ... Y and E(T) = 4 mm.
... 0.1 = 0.02-mm .and or =0.14-!4 mm.

vrn =0.1

P(T > 4.3) = P (Z >

b)

43 4
- ) = P(Z > 2.12)
0.1414

= 1- P(Z < 2.12) = 1- 0.983 = 0.0170

559 ~) X-N(O .l,:f .OOO~p)a:;\'- fl(O .~, O .OOOl7) letT deoot;:: tJ!.e total thickness. T~..(:tl. T = X+ \'and F.{T) = 0-33 mm,
Vff)=0.000.$1 .a.o.o0017 = 1.2.5X10

P(T

<

0.2337) = P (z
bl

mm .andO'f =O.OOOj.54mm.

02337 033
) = P(Z
< 0.000354
<

P(T > 0.2405) = P[z >

-272)~- 0

02405 0 33

- ~ ] = P(Z > - 253) = 1-P(Z < 253)~ 1

0 00034)

5..f)1. X: timeofACL.reoonstn:.ctionsurgeryfor hig.I Ho!ume hospitals.

X-

N{l~'l).lC)6).

F..(X1 ... x:l ... ... X1ol = 10 1~ = 1:!90

V{X1 .a.

X~ .a. .......

X1o) = !00.!1}6 = 1!)1')()0

5-fY.}. let .fdenote thea-.w-agethickoessoflO wafers. Then. E{_f ) = 10 andV(_f) = 0 .1.

l P(9 < X < 11) = P(jtf < Z < ~) = P(- 3.1 6 < Z < 3.16) = 0.998.
0.1

.Jo. 1

T'r.eanswer is 1- 0 .9)>8 = O.OO:l

h)

"-~ > u) =om a~qX =

/.;;

Twefore, P(X > 11) = P(Z > ~) = 0.01, 11~1 0

j,f;,

c)

"x >n)= o.ooosandu~Y =

/ [;

;/.JW

Tlt..-rdore.P(X > 11) = P(Z > ~,t) = 0 0005 ,

a=

J10 / , .,9= 0.<)6>1

/ .flii

2.33and n =s-<:Jw~.kh;sroundodupto6.

;BIO= 3.29
:.no

'

arxhatianoeoy {J-p ). n.erefort,

W: weights of parts
E: mea~tl!emeut error.
W- N(~t,., cr/) , E - N(O, cr/) ,W + E- N(~tw, cr,? + cr/).
W;p = weights of the ;pecificatiou P
(a) P(W > ~'" + 3crw) + P(W < ~1., - 3cr,) = P(Z > 3) + P(Z < - 3) = 0.0027
(b) P(W + E > llw + 3cr,) + P( W + E < ~~.. - 3crw)
= P (Z > 3cr,. I (crw2 + cr/) 112) + P (Z < - 3o,.l (cr,,.l + cr,l)ln)
Because. cr, 2 = O.Scrw2 the. probability is
= P (Z > 3o., I (l. Scr/) 112) + P (Z < - 3crw 1 (L5cr.,.2) 11~
= P (Z > 2.45) + P (Z < - 2.45) = 2(0.0072) = 0.014
No.
(c) P( E + ~~.. + 2cr.,_. > ~~.. + 3crw) = P(E > cr.,) = P(Z > cr.-/(0.5cr,.2)u2)
= P(Z > 1.41) = 0.079
Also, P( E + ~'" + 2crw < Jl- 3crw) = P( E < - So.)
= P(Z < - 5cr.-1(05cr,.2) 112) = P(Z < - 7.07) ,0

5 .,;5 .

I
s-67. fy(y)= 4 aty=s.s.7.9fromeqttation.;-.t0.

5~-

a)

f,( y) = f ry - IO][.!_) = y - IO for 10 <y< 22

1
X
2
2
72

Jl2 2- lOy
72

b) E(f1 = 10

('

dy = _!_ y' _ lOy

72 3
2

2)22=

18

10

1
2
573 tfy=e .tf!.enx =my for 1 f:Xs'2aDde ::y::e .Tlms,fy(y)=JA"(my) V =
X

Y for 1yfor 1 ::mys'2.

I
TJ>.at is,f y'(y) =

y for e s y:: e

supp!emem.a 1E.wcls.ei

575

ThesumotLLf(x,y) =I '
X

a)

(,X)+(Ys)+ (Ys)+(,X)+(,X)= 1aoofX}tqll>O

)'

RX < o,s.Y < 1-5) =fXY(O.l) '"'Jxr'(o,o) = J/8- l/4 = 3/ 8.

bl lVI 1) =fnto,o) fnto,, l tn t ,.ol -/~'li''l = 314

c) 1\Y < 1.;) =/n{o.o) fxrtO,l) tnt~.<! ) [X}{l.l) =3/ 4
d) RX> o,s.f < t,s) =jxr1l.O) ... /xr1l.l) = 3/8
2 e) ECXl,= 0(3/8) 2'lV8l ~l4l =718
V(X) = 0 {:)f8) 1 {:)f8) 2 h/4)- 718 = 39164
E(Y) = l ~i/8) " 0~8)- 2{!/t l = 718

2
V(Y)= l {:)j8)0 {;)/8) 2 (l/4)-7/ 8 =39/64

0 f>.txl =
gl

LfXY(x,y) and/;..1ol =3f8.f>.1'l =:J/8.f>.12l =l/4

y

r ( ) - fXY(l,y)
d r (0) -118 _ 1/ 3
fx(l) an 1 1j1 - J1S '

' Ijl Y -

f (1) - 114 _ 2 / 3
1j1

3/S -

h) E(Y I X = 1) = LJ1i'IX=!(Y) = 0(113)+ 1(2/ 3) = 2/ 3

x=l
i) As isdisa:ssed after F:.xample.s-19. becatse tr.e range of(X. Y) is not rt.'(:tangnlar. Xand\' are oot indepe:rrle:nt.

j) E(XY1 = 1.;,;. F.(X) = E.{f1 =0 .8 \f V(X) = V(Y) = Oh094

COV(X, Y1 = E(XY1- E(X)F~Y1 = 1.'5- 0875 =04844

844

p .=
0.4
= 0.7949
.>a Jo.6094Jo.6094
577. let X. Y.aod Zdeootetlte number ofbolts rated ~.igh. moderate. and l<n'l. Tlt.."n, X.\'.and Zba\U multinomiaJ distribution.

20!
b) lk>clt:s.e X, Y,and Zare multinomial. tbe ma.rginaJ d.istribt:.tionofZ is binomial "'ith. n = 20 and p = 0 .1

c) E{Z) = np = W (O.l) =:!:

d) F(Jow>2) =l-IP(Jow=0) 4F(Jow= l)- P(Jow= i)J =l - I0.9

f
el

(z) =
16

Zi

f,~(16, z)
-~

fr(16)

and

f 12 (x,z) =
'

:!:-0

l
19
2
t8
+ 20{0.1 X0:9 ) '""190(0.1 X0:9 )J=OJ.-23

20!

x!z!(20 - x - z)!

X )

0.6 0.3120-->OJ for

x + z < 20 and O< x,O< z . Then,

20!
0. 6160.3(4-z)O.!'
4-z
:
f (') - !6!z!(4- z)!
_
4!
( 0.3) (_QJ_)
Z116- 20! _ 16 .44
- z!(4 - z)! 0.4
0.4
06 0
16!4!
for 0 s z. s 4. n.at is t.he distrib~tion ofZghmX = 16is binomiaJ witlo n = 4andp = O.:l..;

0 Frompart(a). E.{Z)=4(0.2..;)= 1
g) Because th.coooditional distributionof Zgi\'en X= 16does not equal the m.s.rgiool distributionofZ. Xand Za: not i.nckpendent.

3'2

Jf

5i9

3
22
. ~3
2
2
cx ydvdx = Jcx L a'x = 2cx,

0 0

Ill

II

IS

?S '

... :: 1

, .

R)< Y<".;l= J

3 2

3 1

18

1 ~

lx

18

J ' 2

18

= 0.)7S7

21.5

... ~3

dx = .2_-

!44 3

95
= 0.2199
432

0 rm= JJ J8x-y dydx =

i)

9 3 o

!OS

.
l x33
3
d:t = - - =2 l
!2 3 0 4

18

0 0

_.)

dx =--

J J-x ~'<!)1dt = J - x L

..

JJ 18

0 0
2

? '

1 x3

- x,ya'vdx =J - x,2dx =--

3 2

h)

2 o

O 18

36 3 o

312Y12

18

2 o

I
=-

J - x ydydx = J - x -

IV<> 2.1 < y < l.S)

g! I>J<I =

1.3 1

'2

IS

31.5 1

e(X)=

... )

18

O I

IS

3 212

d)

?I

J J - ndydx = J - x L
0 0

c)

.T!terd'ore.c= 1/ tS.

J - x2 ydydx = J - x2 Y" dx=-.:__

a! IV<'<>.Y<>I= J

b! JV<o.;!=

= ISc

Jl

94

28

=-

3 3

4x

J8x 3ax = 273 o =3

,
I
x-y,ry = x2 for 0 <X< 3

j w (l,y) .1.1
8 .)'
Y
(y) = "
=-= ~ for O < y < 2.
Jjx
fx(l)
2

J:

fv~ 1 (x) =

f (x I)

-1

Therefore,

XY

'

2
.l.x

1
and fy(y ) = J - x 2ydx = Y for0 <y <2.
!y(J)
0 18
2

-18-

!y(l)

.l.x2

1/ 2

f v~ 1 (x) = .!L_ = - x 2 for 0 < x < 3.

~I

.;-81. JXY(x.y) = cforo

<X< 1800 0 < y< 1. n.m.

Jf

OOxdy = undc"' l . Brosu.sefXY(x.y)isoonstant,

P~X- Yl<O. S)is tJ!.earea

0 0

oftt.es.l>.ad.ed region below

0.5
0

0.5

.;.SJ. let X. Y,and Zdeoote the number of problems t!ult result in functionaJ, minor.and nodet'ects. respo.."1hoely.

.
10!
2 5 3
a) RX = 2,Y = .;) = ~ = 2. }' = .;.Z = 3) = ,;,,
, . , o .~ o..; 0.3 = 0 .085
2 31.
b) ZisbinomiaJ,.,.ithn=lOandp=OJ.
c) F.('l) = >0(0-'l = J .

18.25

5.25

J J

cdyd:c = o .:qc.c = 4. The area of a panel is X\' and P(X\' > 9Q)is tt.es.ltadedarea times4 bclo'"

s-S.;. a) Bro!tu.se

4.75

17.15

5.25 1 - - - - - - - 4.75 1--------t------'=

17.25
18.1$

Thstis.

J J 4dydx = 4 J
5.25

18.25

90
18.25
5.25- -dx = 4(5.25x - 901n x
) = 0.499

X
17.75
b) The-perimeter ofa panel is2.X "' !!:Yandw--=wa nt P(iX"' '2-Y > 46)

17.75

90/ x

IS.2S

5.25

J J

17.75

18 .25

17.75

18.25

J 5.25 - (23 - x)dx

= 4 J (-1 7 75 + x)dx = 4{- 17 75x+ x2

40mX= 4

17.15

23- x

1&.25

11.75

5-87. let .Y:deoote tltea\l:Nige timc to locate: 10 parts. Tlten. E(y) = 45 aod:q

al !{pliO!=

b)

X=

1&.25

" ) = 05
17.1::

-jfo

P[z > 60 ~] = P(Z> 1.58) = 0.057

30 / 10

tet Y denote tt.e: toteJ time to locate 10 parts. Til-en, Y > 600 ifand only if.' f > 60. Therefore. ft,eansweris tt.e:sameas part a .

z(-.8)

X
0

5-91. tet T denote lite totaJ thickness. TJ!.m, T = X1 _.. Xa and

a) E(T)=OS-1=l.Stnm
'2
)
a . V( r) = V(X1 + V(Xa) ... '2.Co\{X1 ~) = O.Ol ... 0 .04"' 2{0.014) = 0 .078mm

i. wfte:reCcn(.'<Y) = po)C<J\' = 0 .7{0.1)(0.2) = 0.014

b) /{T<>)= P [

1- 1 5 )
z < .Jo.o;s
=I\Z<->.,9)=o.os6'

c) l..et Pdeoote the totaJ th.icl..-ness. Then. P =- 2X1 ... 3 X~ and

E( P) =- ::l{O,s) .-. j ( !) = 4 mm
2
V{P) = 4V{X1)- 9V(X1)"' ~t(:!)(,3)Co\(X2 XaJ = 4(0.01)- 9(0.04)- 2(~lt})(O .Ol4) = O,s6Bmm
W~..eteCo\(X\') .,_ poxay: 0 .]{0.1)(0.2): 0 .014
5-93. l.rt X andY denotetJt.;e peroentegc rt'hlms for securityone and 1'\t.'O respectively.

lf lhofthe total dollars is imut OO inf:ach then lhX 11:.\' is tl:-e percentage rerum.

E.(lhX lhY) = 0 .0 5 {or if gi\'en io termsofpetttnt)

V(lh.X .a. '-hY) = l/4 V{X) l{4Vft') .a. 1{1/ !!)(l{ ::l)Co\(X,Y)
w~.ete CO\(X't') = I)OXG\' = - O,s( l)(tl) = - 4
V{'hX lhY) l/ 4(4)- >/4{6)- 2
Also. E.(:>..')= 5 and V(X) = 4. Therefore. the strategythst splits between the securities has a IOW'et standard de.iation of percentage return thao imoesting

-2-millioo in the first security.

=,

MIM-Expa oo!~tg fXErcls.es

5-9.;. a) tet X.\'.and Zdeoote tf!.e risk of new competitors as no risk. moderate risk. and \'ef)' h.igh risk Tlten. tf!.ejoint distribution of X.\',
andZis multinomiaJ with n = 1:!-andp1 = O.lj,p2 = 0 .7'i.andp3 = 0 .1s. X. \' aodZ ~ o aDdx ... y 7. = l.'i
b) ~ = 1, Y = j.Z = 1) = o . oot pos.sib!esincex yz

c)

~-

2)=[

* 1.2:

:)o

1
1
12
:]0150 85 + (

= O .l4~'i

1
1
11
2
10
15 0.85 + ( ; Jo 15 0.85

O~Ol.'i O .'i~ = 0 .7$58

d) J'(Z= :!. I Y= l.X= lO)=O

e) RX= 10)= It\'= 10. Y= ~.Z=O) ... RX= 10. Y= l.Z= 1) JtY= lO.Y=O.Z= ~)

121
121
12
o.13100.7210.151 +
o.1310o.7i01 52
' o.1 3100.722 015 +
10!2!0!
10!1!1!
10!0!2!
9
= 4.72x10-S +L97x10-s +2.04x10- = 6.89x10-s
=

121
121
0.13100.7i 0.1 5 /6.89x1o- s +
0.1310 0.7210.1 51/ 6.89x10- s
10!2!0!
/ '
10!1!1 !
= 0.9698
=

P(Z < 11X = 10) = P(Z = O,Y = 2,X = 10) + P(Z = 1,l' = 1,X = 10)
P(X = 10)
P(X = 10)
P(Y < I ,Z < I IX = 10) = P(Z = I,Y = I, X = 10)
P(X = 10)

121
O.I3 100.7210.1 51/6.89xl0-s
10!1!1!
=0.2852
=

g) E(ZI X=lO) = {0{4.]2Xl0

V(l')
Also,

-8

)"'t(l:97Xl0

-8

).,. ~(~.04n0

-9

))j6.8Q.nO

-8

= 0.345

=I [cx+ c,x, +... +cPxP - (c11lt +c,.u, +... +cP,uP)t f r,(x1)fx, (x2}..fx, (xP)d\1dx2...dxP
=I [c (x - !'J)+...+cp(xp - .up>f f.r, (x >!.r,(x) ..fx,(xp)m,ax,...dxp
1 1
1

NO\\, t.J!.ecross-tcrm

Jc c

1 2 (x1 -

= C(2

J11Xx2 - lf-2)fx,(x1)fx, (x2 } . .fx, (xP)dx1dxr-dxP

1J(x

J11)fx ,(x1)dx1

1-

][J(x

2 -

.u.,)fx, (x)dx2

]=0

from tft.edefinitionoft~.e mean.Tlterefore.eac"' cross-term in the last integraJ for V(Y) isu:roand

.;-!)9.

f>.-1:<1=

The m.arginaJ densityof Xis

b

g{,<)h(u)du=wlJ

/}''(y) = !h{y)

whe~-e I=

gV:)h(y)dydx=

0 0

~u)du=k9V:lwh<k= ~u)du.Also,

g{v)dv. Broau:s.efXYfx.yJ is a probabilityderu.ityfunctioo,

JJ

J g(v)dv J h(u)du
0

= 1nr<fore.kl = undfxr(x.y)=fx(xJ(y(y)forall xandy.