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A scalar matrix S is a diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements all contain the same scalar value.
a1,1 = ai,i for (i = 1,2,3,..n)
[7
[0
[0
0
7
0
0]
0]
7]
In linear algebra, real numbers are called scalars and relate to vectors in a vector
space through the operation of scalar multiplication, in which a vector can be multiplied
by a number to produce another vector.[1][2][3] More generally, a vector space may be
defined by using any field instead of real numbers, such as complex numbers. Then the
scalars of that vector space will be the elements of the associated field.
A scalar product operation not to be confused with scalar multiplication may be
defined on a vector space, allowing two vectors to be multiplied to produce a scalar. A
vector space equipped with a scalar product is called an inner product space.
The real component of a quaternion is also called its scalar part.
The term is also sometimes used informally to mean a vector, matrix, tensor, or other
usually "compound" value that is actually reduced to a single component. Thus, for
example, the product of a 1n matrix and an n1 matrix, which is formally a 11 matrix,
is often said to be a scalar.
The term scalar matrix is used to denote a matrix of the form kI where k is a scalar
and I is the identity matrix.
Definitions and properties[edit]
Scalars of vector spaces[edit]
A vector space is defined as a set of vectors, a set of scalars, and a scalar
multiplication operation that takes a scalar k and a vector v to another vector kv. For
example,
yields
in
a coordinate
space,
the
scalar
multiplication
The scalars can be taken from any field, including the rational, algebraic, real, and
complex numbers, as well as finite fields. a number by the elements inside the brackets.