ReviewofRelatedLiterature

Thereviewofrelatedliteratureforthisstudyfocusesonthedifferentusesand
applicationsofGeographicInformationSystemorGIStotransportationstudies.This
review also focuses on the different studies that where conducted in a place like
Intramurosabouttransportintegrationorurbanplanning.

GeographicInformationSystem

GeographicInformationSystemisconsideredtobethemapofthe21 st century
andisthekeytechnologybehindthetransformationofthestaticmapintodynamicand
interactive multimedia reflects the integration of technological innovation and vast
amountsofgeographicdata(Ramsey,2007). AccordingtoESRI(2008),aGISisan
organizedcollectionofcomputerhardware,software,andgeographicdatadesignedto
effectively capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of
geographicallyreferencedinformation.

TransportandLandUseIntegration

Overtheyears,trafficcongestionhasbeenincreasingalongwiththegrowingcar
andothervehicleusesinurbanareas. AccordingtotheNSWDepartmentofUrban
Affairs and Planning (2001), To improve transport choice, we need to create an

environmentthatisfriendlytopedestrians,cyclistsandpublictransportusers,including
people with disabilities. We need to make land use and development decisions that
encouragepeopletousesustainablemodesoftransportforoneormoretripsperday.We
mustalsoensurethatpeoplecanreducetheirtravelneedsbyallowingseveralpurposesto
be served by one trip. This idea could be related to the growing community in
Intramuros, Manila, Philippines. In addition with this, planning can open up
opportunitiestouseviablealternativestotheprivatecarandimprovetransportchoice.
Conversely, planning can reduce transport choice and, as a consequence, encourage
greatercarreliance.

OtherRelatedLiteratures:
1.

Title:ApplicationofWebGISTechniquetoDevelopingtheManagementPlatformof
TrafficControlDevices

Authors:ChaoHuiChen,ChiaMingAi,ChiaChunYen,HoShengChang

Abstract:Toefficientlymanagetheinformationofroadsidedevices,thisresearchtakes
Geospatial standards of OGC, Open GIS Consortium, as basis, and uses MVC
(Model/View/Controller)architecturetodevelopthemanagementsystem.Thecostof
developingisloweredwithfreesoftwareandopensourcesoftware,whereOpenLayers

istooledtogeneratebackgroundmapsandforegrounddevicesmaps;GeoServerwith
WebMapService(WMS)andWebFeatureService(WFS)areappliedtodealwithmap
data;Ext.Netisappliedtodevelopuserinterface.PostgresSQL+PostGISandMicrosoft
SQL Server2008 are used to store spatial and device data, respectively, to promote
efficiencyofdataprocessing.Detectingfunctionofconnectionstatus,3by3gridinquiry
of CCTV, and dynamic signal light display are also developed. Using Internet as
platform,itoffersinquiringinterfacewithGIS,centralizingmanagementdataandremote
maintenance.Theresultsareputinuseastheyareprovidedtotheauthorities.

2.
Title; TheUseGISandRemoteSensingintheAssessmentofMagatWatershedinthe
Philippines

Authors:EmersonTattao(MasseyUniversity,TuriteaCampus,PalmerstonNorth,New
Zealand)

Abstract:ThePhilippinewatershedsarecontinuallybeingdegradedthusthreatening
thesupplyofwaterinthecountry.Thegovernmenthasrecognisedtheneedforeffective
monitoringandmanagementtoavertthedecliningconditionofthesewatersheds.This
studyexplorestheapplicationsofremotesensingandGeographicalInformationSystems
(GIS), in the collection of information and analysis of data, in order to support the
developmentofeffectivecriticalwatershedmanagementstrategies.

Remotesensingwasusedtoidentifyandclassifythelandcoverinthestudyarea.
Both supervised and unsupervised methods were employed to establish the most
appropriatetechniqueinwatershedlandcoverclassification.GIStechnologywasutilised
for the analysis of the land cover data and soil erosion modelling. The watershed
boundarywasdelineatedfromadigitalelevationmodel,usingthehydrologicaltoolsin
GIS.

3.
Title:SchoolBusRoutingAndSchedulingUsingGIS

Authors: MohammedAbdulKhaderNayati

Abstract: School bus routing and scheduling are among the major problems because
schoolbustransportationneedstobesafe,reliableandefficient.Hence,theresearch
question for this thesis is to answer how to transport students in the safest, most
economicalandconvenientmanner.TheobjectiveofthisthesisistocreateaGISbased
schooltransportmanagementsystemwhichhelpsinbusstopallocation,designfastest
andsafestbusrouteswithAVLfacility.Thisthesisalsoaimstoinvestigatehowaschool
transportationmanagementsystemmayimprovethetransportationsecurity.Theresult
fromthisstudyhashelpedtodevelopaschoolbusroutingandschedulingprototype
modelforSujathaHighSchool,Hyderabad.Thisprototypemodelwillhelptheschool
transportationmanagementtodesignshortestandfastestschoolbusroutesandtheycan

also allocate bus stops, which will help them in selecting the pickup stops for the
students andstaff,accordingtotheirconcentrationintheareas.Thisthesishasalso,
throughliteraturestudy,investigatedhow aschooltransportmanagementsystemcan
improvethetransportationsecurity.Forthetimebeing,thereisageneralbeliefthatICT
contributestoimprovingthesecurity,althoughaquantificationofsuchimprovementsare
lacking.TheuserinterfaceapplicationhasbeendevelopedbyusingVBAandArcGIS
9.1NetworkAnalystprovidedbyEnvironmentalScienceResearchInstituteandithas
beenevaluatedbyGISusers.

4.
Title: Integrating Regional Strategic Transportation Planning and Supply Chain
Management:AlongthePathtoSustainability

Author:SgourisP.Sgouridis

Abstract:Asystemsperspectiveforregionalstrategictransportationplanning(RSTP)for
freightmovementsinvolvesanunderstandingofSupplyChainManagement(SCM).This
thesisarguesthatprivatesectorfreightshippersandcarriersdonotsimplyneedcapacity
improvementsfromtheregionaltransportationsystem,butalsoasubtleunderstandingby
publicsectorplannersoftheirsupplychainneeds.Theprivateandthepublicsectorhave
differentagendasandplanninghorizonsbutatthesametimemayhavecommoninterests
in the region that involve economic robustness, environmental health, and social

cohesiveness whatisknownassustainability.Weinvestigatehowthelargelypublic
sectorRSTPandprivatesectorSCMrelateandsuggestarchitecturesforanintegrated
RSTP/SCMplanningprocess.

5..
Title:ApplicationofGISinTransportationPlanning:TheCaseofRiyadh,theKingdom
ofSaudiArabia

Author:MezyadAlterkawi

Abstract: This paper is intended to illustrate applications of Geographic Information

System(GIS)intransportationplanningingeneral,andintroduceasymboliccasestudy
ofRiyadhcity,thecapitalofSaudiArabia.ThestudyreliedonGIStoidentifydeficient
facilities(i.e.,tolerable,moderate,moderatetoheavyandheavyroaddeficiencies)inthe
vital area within Riyadhs ring road. The deficiency analysis process is utilised to
highlight streets where demand exceeds capacity. Incorporating the link volumes
resultingfromthetraveldemandforecastingintothenetworkattributetableinGIS.For
theshortrangeplanning,itwillillustratetheusageofGISinidentifyingprojectsonthe
network using dynamic segmentation, and preparing network link tables for travel
demand planning. Moreover, the integration of GIS into the travel demands analysis
processistoidentifyfutureareasofcongestion.Shortestpathandtraveltimeallocation
ofmajoractivitycentresanalysesarealsoinvestigated.

6.
Title: International variation in neighborhood walkability, transit, and recreation
environmentsusinggeographicinformationsystems:theIPENadultstudy

Authors:MarcAAdams,LawrenceDFrank,JasperSchipperijn,GrahamSmith,James
Chapman, Lars B Christiansen, Neil Coffee, Deborah Salvo, , Lorinne du Toit, Jan
Dygrn,AdrianoAkiraFerreiraHino,PohchinLai,SuzanneMavoa,JosDavidPinzn,
NicoVandeWeghe,EsterCerin,RachelDavey,DuncanMacfarlane,NevilleOwenand
JamesFSallis

Abstract: The World Health Organization recommends strategies to improve urban

design,publictransportation,andrecreationfacilitiestofacilitatephysicalactivityfor
noncommunicablediseasepreventionforanincreasinglyurbanizedglobalpopulation.
Mostevidencesupportingenvironmentalassociationswithphysicalactivitycomesfrom
singlecountriesorregionswithlimitedvariationinurbanform.Thispaperdocuments
variationincomparablebuiltenvironmentfeaturesacrosscountriesfromdiverseregions.

7.
Title:AssessingtheComplianceofPhysicalPlansusingGISandRemoteSensing:A
CaseofOlkalouTown

Authors:RachealNjeriMugo,DavidN.Kuria,KennethMubea

Abstract:Complianceassessmentisacomponentofphysicalplanningconcernedwith
theinstigativeinquiryastowhetheranapprovedphysicalplanisimplementedand
guidelinesfollowedasstipulated.Theaimofthestudyistoassessthecomplianceofa
physicalplanusingtheGeospatialinformationsystemandremotesensingtechnologies
andproposeaframeworktobeusedfortheassessment.ThestudyareawasOlkalou
TownshipinNyandaruacountyofKenya.Recenthighresolutionsatelliteimageryofthe
studyareawasusedtogetherwiththeapprovedphysicalplansasdatasourcestoextract
theinformationwhichwascrossreferencedwithinformationgatheredduringthefield
study.Remotesensingwasusedtoextractinformationfromthesatelliteimagerywhich
waslaterusedasinputintoGISsystemasadatasource.Subsequently,GISanalysiswas
carriedoutandthecompliancelevelwascomputed.Fromtheresultszonessuchasthe
transportationzoneexhibitedacomplianceof89.47%whereasthepublicutilityzone
showed a 0% non compliance. Noncompliance observed in the various zones was
representedbythedifferenceintheexistinglandusefromtheproposedlanduse.Itis
evident that the responsible authorities do not emphasize the need for compliance
assessmentofthedevelopmentstakingplaceandhavetorelyonthepaperbasedsystem
whichistimeandlabourconsumingandiseasilymarredbycorruption.

8..

Title:ConsideringNetworkDemandIssuesinGISTransportationDataModelling

Autors: Konstantinos Evangelidis, Panagiotis Papaioannou and Demetrios

Panayotakopoulos
Abstract: Aim of the research presented in this paper is to assist Transport Planners
manipulate spatial information involved in Travel Demand Modelling (TDM) by
exploitingtheadvancesofcontemporaryGeographicInformationSystems(GIS)tools.
Thismaybeachievedbyestablishingastandarddatamodelprototypingthetransport
entitiesusedintransportationrelatedactivities.Significantamountofinformationrelated
to Urban Transport Planning System (UTPS) models could be exchanged with GIS
managementsystems.Identifyingthiskindofdataexchangemayleadtorefiningthe
designofexistingtransportationdatamodels.Inthisrespect,EMME/2,aninteractive
graphic stateoftheart multimodal UTPS, being used by numerous transportation
authoritiesworldwideaswellasbytheAthensMetroAuthorityinGreece,hasbeen
employedasareferenceexample,toprovidevaluableexperiencetowardthisdirection.

9.
Title: Designing Multimodal Freight Transport Networks: A Heuristic Approach and
Applications

Authors:TadashiYamada,BonaFrazilaRuss,JunCastroandEiichiTaniguchi

Abstract:Designingmultimodalfreighttransportnetworkscanfacilitatetheeconomic
developmentofregionsandcountriesaswellashelptoreducenegativeenvironmental
impacts.Itisthereforecrucialthatsuchbeundertakeninareaswheremorepriorityis
givenonroadbasedfreighttransportsystems.Thispaperproposesamodelforstrategic
transportplanning,particularlyinfreightterminaldevelopmentandinterregionalfreight
transportnetworkdesign.Themodeldeterminesasuitablesetofactionsfromanumber
ofpossibleactions,suchas improvingtheexistinginfrastructureorestablishingnew
roads, railways, sea links, and freight terminals. Modelling is undertaken within the
framework of bilevel programming, where a multimodal multiclass user traffic
assignmenttechniqueisincorporatedwithinthelowerlevelproblem,whilsttheupper
levelproblemdeterminesthebestcombinationofactionssuchthatthefreightrelated
benefitcost ratio is maximised. The upperlevel problem involves combinatorial
optimisation, and a heuristic approach based on genetic local search is applied as a
solutiontechnique.Empiricalresultsofthemodelasappliedtoanactuallargesized
interregionalintermodalfreighttransportnetworkshowthatgeneticlocalsearchcould
providebetterperformanceascomparedtoothergeneticalgorithmbased,aswellastabu
searchbased,heuristics.Themodelissuccessfullyappliedtotransportnetworkplanning
inthePhilippines,wherethedevelopmentofafreighttransportnetworkisnecessaryto
increasetheutilisationofothermodesratherthanroadbasedvehicles.

10.
Title:BlackSpotClusterAnalysisofMotorcycleAccidents

Authors: Mark Richmund DE LEON, Nelson DOROY, Hussein LIDASAN, Jun

CASTRO

Abstract:Roadaccidentisnowconsideredasaglobalproblem.Itisacauseofconcernin
thePhilippinessinceroadaccidentsareatpresentthemajorcausesoffatalities,injuries
andpropertydamages.InMetroManila,majorityoftheroadaccidentsareincidents
involvingmotorcycles.Itisinthiscontextthatthisstudyseekstopromotemotorcycle
safetyawarenessthroughthespatialanalysisofmotorcycleaccidentlocationsinQuezon
City.ThestudywillshowthattheclusteringofaccidentscanbeinferredfromaKernel
DensityMap,generatedthroughtheuseofGIS,aftermanuallyplottingitslocationbased
onexistingtrafficaccidentrecords.Itwasfoundoutthatthehigherdensityofaccidents
involvingmotorcyclesinQuezonCityarealongmajorcorridorssuchasCommonwealth
Avenue,EllipticalRoad,QuirinoHighway,MindanaoAvenueandEDSA.

References:

Ramsey,P.2007.TheStateofOpenSourceGIS.Refractions
Research.http://www.refractions.net/expertise/whitepapers/opensourcesurvey/survey
opensource200712.pdf.