CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
Planning is the beginning of a process which requires a management to
decide the purpose and how to achieve the goals. Planning is very important,
because it takes an important role more than the other management functions,
namely directing, montoring, and orgaanizing. Where these functions are actually
become the result of the implementation of a plan.
Urban and regional planning is a way to plan the utilization of existing
resources in a region with a specific purpose and future-oriented, which is closely
linked to the utilization of aspects that exist in society, such as economic, social,
cultural, and geology. However, these aspects are very influential within a region
or city, such as aspects of geology, as the result the form of development planning
have to consider aspects such as geology, climatology, lithology, and topography
in order to create an environmental balance.
Environmental geology is essentially an applied geology intended as an effort
to use natural resources and energy efficiently and effectively to meet the needs of
human life in the present and the future by reducing the environmental impact
caused as much as possible (Djauhari,2006).
Kedungpane Village is one of fourteen villages in Mijen District,
Semarang. The goal of this study in Kedungpane Village is to analyze
environmental geology aspects in Kedungpane Village and based on those
analysis we can give recommendations and directions about land use in
Kedungpane Village. Exploring land based on consideration both from physical
and non-physical aspects in Kedungpane Village. Physical aspects in this case are
related to environmental geology condition in Kedungpane Village whereas the
non physical aspects are related to the citizens lifes. Topography, morphology,
climatology, lithology, stratigraphy, hydrology, hydrogeology, and geological
hazards are included in physical aspects. While non-physical aspects are
populations and landuse conditions of Kedungpane Village.

Research data is taken by the result of survey to study region in

Kedungpane Village. After the data is collected, then we analyze using SWOT
method and scoring method. Based on this survey and analysis that have done,
there is improper explortion of land such as housing on a region that suppose to be
protected area. And also geological hazard such as landslide that occur in
Kedungpane Village. Landslide that occur in Kedungpane Village caused by high
intensity of rainfall.

CHAPTER II
CHARACTERISTICS IDENTIFICATION OF MIJEN DISTRICT
Based on the results of the field survey Mijen District shown that the
geological structures in Mijen District is Kaligetas formation. This formation
consists of breccia and lava, with lava and tuff inserts fine to coarse, stone clay
underneath there tuffaceous sandstone. Breccia and andesite lava has a
component, basalt, pumice, generally oblique - angled component responsible,
moderate to high porosity. Similarly, the tuffs that have high porosity. With a high
degree of porosity tuff, ground potential to absorb and store water because the soil
density or low density. This situation causes the soil moist and rich in water makes
it easier for plants to live as it gets enough water and roots to penetrate the soil
more easily. This condition makes it suitable for rice fields, plantations, or farms.
Mijen District has denudational landforms, structural landforms, and
fluvial landforms. Denudational landforms shown by by the sinkhole in choppy
road. Structural landforms located in the eastern part of Kedungpane Village is
indicated by morphology of the hilly regions choppy. Whereas fluvial landforms
shown by the flow of the river in the area is rather flat and undulating.
The lithology in Mijen District are tuf vulcanic at the North and South of
Mijen District, in Jatibarang Village there is volcanic rocks, at the East and
Southeast of Karangmalang Village there is viscious sedimentation rock. Types of
soil that available in Mijen District are latosol brown, latosol reddish brown, and
medditeranean brown.

Source: Document of Environmental Geology Group 3B, 2014

Picture 1.1
Type of Soil Latosol Reddish Brownin inMijen District

Mijen District has an altitude 0 228 above sea level, and known as lower
mainland. Slope in Mijen District is 2 15% that shown that has hilly area and
not steep area. In the Mijen District contained resin formation. Formation consists
of tuffaceous rocks, volcanic conglomerate, and breccia. Volcanic breccia rock is a
type of rock that has a structure that is hard so good for building foundations.
However, to construct a building to do the excavation until the rock layers of
volcanic breccia. In addition, there is also The Kedungpane Village Kalibeng
Formation and Kerek Formation. Kerek Formation is a cross stone clay, marl,
tuffaceous sandstone, conglomerate, volcanic breccia, and limestone. Kalibeng
Formation consists of marls, tuffaceous sandstone, and limestone. Marl has low
porosity to be waterproof so that the surface layer is not suitable for growing
crops. Neither the layers beneath it tends to be hard.

Source: Document of Environmental Geology Group Bb, 2014

Picture 1.2
Damar Formationin in Mijen District

Based on RTRW Semarang year 2011 2031 climatology condition in

Mijen district has an intensity rainfall is 27,7 34,8 mm per years and include in
high category. Mijen District is a lower mainland with an altitude 228 m above sea
level. Beringin river is one of river that flow in Mijen District and end in Tugu
District. Beringin river is located between Kreo river and Plumbon river. Drainage
system of Beringin river has watershed 32,5 km 2 with the primary river length is
15,5 km. The type of river flow is dendritic.Hydrogeology condition in Mijen
District is good enough with the useful usage of water there. Hydrogeology in
Mijen District are aquifer, productive-middle, productive aquifer, and rare soil
water.
Based on information from prone disaster map of Mijen District, there are
three disaster that may occur such as flood in Pesantren Village, Ngadirgo, and
Mijen, landslide in Kedungpane Village, Tambangan Village, Cangkiran Village,
Karangmalang Village, Purwosari Village, and drought that may appears in
Ngadirgo Village, Wonolopo Village, Polaman Village, Bubakan Village, and
Karangmalang Village.

Landuse in Mijen District is shown at the table below :

Table II.1
Landuse in Mijen District
Lahan
Pertanian
Tegalan
Lahan kosong
Rawa, kolam, Pang, Tebat
Perkebunan
Hutan
Lahan terbangun
Total

Luas (Ha)
1.293.206
2.197
1.404.670
2.905
880.959
1.054.150
2.194.990
6.833.077

%
18,926
0,032
20,557
0,043
12,893
15,427
32,123
100

Sourcer : Mijen in Numbers, 2012

Landuse in Mijen District mostly used as land up area, vacant land,

agriculture, farm, and etc.

CHAPTER III
CHARACTERISTICS IDENTIFICATION OF KEDUNGPANE VILLAGE
Kedungpane Village which is part of Mijen District, Semarang, has some
characteristics of geological environment in the form of physical and non-physical
aspects. The total area of Kedungpane Village is 583,061 Ha with administrative
boundaries namely, Ngaliyan District at the North; Gunungpati District at the
South; Jatibarang Village at the West; and Pesantren Village at the East.
The morphology in Kedungpane Village is denudational landform.
Because the landform in Kedungpane Village is the result from weathering
process, soil movement erotion, and happen sedimentation at the end of the
process. The topography in Kedungpane Village is hilly. It has an altitude of 253
m above sea level and has a slope of 2 15%.
The lithology in Kedungpane Village is the form of sedimentary rock, both
classic and anorganik. Rocks in the study area include: the volcanic breccia rocks
and sand. Volcanic breccia rocks and sand spread across all study areas. Areas that
have rock type is very suitable to serve as a crop area, because of the volcanic
breccia rocks sand easily absorb water.Kedungpane Village has a land surface
characteristics and river alluvial fan, whereas the types of soil have latosol reddish
brown and mediterranean brown. With the characteristics of the ground surface as
the region has a function as well as residential areas and agriculture. This is
possible because this type of soil has a neutral nature-poor acidic humus but has
good physical properties.

Source: Document of Environmental Geology Group 3B, 2014

Picture 2.1
Type of Soil Mediterranean Brown in Kedungpane Village

Source: Document of Environmental Geology Group 3B, 2014

Picture 2.2
Type of Soil Latosol Reddish Brownin Kedungpane Village

Stratigraphy contion of Kedungpane Village is sediment from fluviatil

process or erotion that consists of rocks, gravels, and also soil. In Kedungpane
Village the formation is Damar formation. This formation consists of tuffan
sandstones, conglomerate, and vulcanic breccia.

Source: Document of Environmental Geology Group 3b, 2014

Picture 2.3
Damar Formationin Kelurahan Kedungpane

Kedungpane Village is an area with the canal watershed flood irrigated

West Kreo River and Reservoir were constructed Jatibarang used to hold raw
water and also keep water from above so as not to directly down to the northern
part of Semarang. Kreo current stream is not heavy. The size of the rocks around
the river is also small, indicating that the river is an adultsKreo River.Kedungpane
Village hydrogeological circumstances, quite well characterized utilization of
water sources used by the people in Mijen District for daily life. Most people in
Kedungpane village utilization maximize with make less artesian, these wells are
8

typically in area that has a fairly long dry season. The water pump uses electricity
and built 2-3 point in every RW in Kedungpane Village.
Kedungpane Village rainfall from 27.7 to 34.8 mm per year. The average
air temperature at the Kedungpane Village Semarang overall, ranging from 250C
to 290C. Average air humidity varies from 62% to 84%. According to the
climatic classification of the sun, the region belongs to the tropical regions that
have an average air temperature is high, whereas according to the classification
system Junghuhn, with a height of between 0-600 meters above sea level, the
Kedungpane Village temperature between 250C-290C belongs to the heated
area. This causes the rate of weathering in the Kedungpane Village classified as
moderate. Areas with moderate rainfall suitable for paddy fields and plantations,
such as rice, corn, coffee, tobacco, sugar cane, and rubber.
Seen from physical condition and natural condtion, geological hazards that
exist in Kedungpane Village is landslide. Landslide occurs in the North
Kedungpane Village that has hilly landscape and has steep slope about 2 15%.
Based on survey result, landslide occured at RT/RW 04/06

last February.

Landslide that occured caused by high intensity of rainfall. Another geological

hazards that appear in Kedungpane Village is soil movement that cause the road
damaged or cracked.
Landuse in Kedungpane Village are shown below :
Tabel III.1
Landuse Table in Kedungpane Village
Lahan
Pertanian
Tegalan
Lahan kosong
Hutan
Lahan terbangun
Total

Luas (Ha)
34.000
421.000
73.340
9.000
30.310
567.650

%
5,990
74,165
12,920
1,585
5,340
100

Source: Mijen in Numbers, 2012

CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
Scoring analysis is needed to estimate the function of the area based on the
data and the obtained data related to the geological aspects, such as rainfall, slope
and soil type. The Kedungpane Village, there is spatial data that must be
considered to determine the function of the area in the region. The benchmark
used for scoring analysis based on criteria derived from the table Ministerial
Decree No.837/KTPS/UM/II/1980 and No.683/KPTS/UM/VII/1981.
Table IV.1
Scoring Table in Kedungpane Village
Slope
Category

Score

0-2%

20

2-15%

40

15-25%

60

25-40%

80

>40%

100

0-2%

20

2-15%

40

15-25%

60

25-40%

80

>40%

100

Rainfall
27,7-34,8 mm/
day
27,7-34,8 mm/
day
27,7-34,8 mm/
day
27,7-34,8 mm/
day
27,7-34,8 mm/
day
27,7-34,8 mm/
day
27,7-34,8 mm/
day
27,7-34,8 mm/
day
27,7-34,8 mm/
day
27,7-34,8 mm/
day

Score
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40

Soil Type

Score

Total
Score

30

90

30

110

30

130

30

150

30

170

45

105

45

125

45

145

45

165

45

185

Reddish Brown
Latosol
Reddish Brown
Latosol
Reddish Brown
Latosol
Reddish Brown
Latosol
Reddish Brown
Latosol
Mediterranean
Dark Brown
Mediterranean
Dark Brown
Mediterranean
Dark Brown
Mediterranean
Dark Brown
Mediterranean
Dark Brown

Function
Area
Cultivation
Area
Cultivation
Area
Buffer
Zone
Buffer
Zone
Buffer
Zone
Cultivation
Area
Buffer
Zone
Buffer
Zone
Buffer
Zone
Protected
Areas

Sources: Ministerial Decree No.. 837/UM/II/1980 and No. 683/KPTS/UM/1981

1. Slope Analysis
There are 5 types of gradients in the Kedungpane Village slope in the
range of 0% to> 40%, with a scoring value ranging from 20 to 100.
Increasingly steep slope, the greater the score value and will affect the
function of the area in the region.
10

2. Rainfall Analysis
For precipitation in the Kedungpane Village, the same as other areas in
the city, ranging from 27.7 to 34.8 mm / day, so the score value only one
type, namely 40.
3. Soil Type Analysis
There are two types of land in the Kedungpane Village, namely
Reddish Brown Dark Brown Latosol and Mediterranean. Value score Dark
Brown Mediterranean soil type are greater than Reddish Brown Latosol,
30 versus 45.
4. Land Carrying Capacity Analysis
Based on scoring result can be determined land carrying capacity in
Kedungpane Village based on SK Menteri Kehutanan No. 837/UM/II/1980
dan No. 683/KPTS/UM/1981 in the table below :
Table IV.2
Land Carrying Capacity in Kedungpane Village
Village

Class, Type of
Soil, Sensitivity
of Erotion, and
Description
(Score)

Class,
Slope, and
Description
(Score)

Class,
Average
Intensity of
Rainfall
(Score)

Score

Kedungpane

II; Latosol
Reddish Brown;
Rather Sensitive
(30)
II; Latosol
Reddish Brown;
Rather Sensitive
(30)
III;
Medditeranean
Brown; Less
Sensitive
(45)

III; 15 25%; Rather

Steep
(60)
I; 0 8%;
Flat
(20)

IV; 27,7-34,8
mm/ day;
High (40)

130

Buffer Area

IV; 27,7-34,8
mm/ day;
High
(40)
IV; 27,7-34,8
mm/ day;
High
(40)

90

Cultivation Area

185

Conservation Area

Kedungpane

Kedungpane

V; > 40%;
Very Steep
(100)

Area Function

Source: Analysis by Environmental Geology Group 3B, 2014

The Kedungpane Village has two types of soil, namely latosol reddish
brown and dark brown mediterranean. Latosol dark brown soil type is
suitable for agriculture and plantations because it has high humus content.
11

However, the soil type reddish brown latosol is sensitive to erosion that are
affected by high rainfall intensity. The Kedungpane Village area which has
reddish brown soil types latosol including class II slope ramps makes it
suitable for settlement. In addition, latosol reddish brown, a small portion
Kedungpane Village have dark brown mediterranean soil types that are
less sensitive to erosion and the area has high rainfall intencity, so it is
suitable for conservation area.
5. Land Suitability Analysis
After knowing the function of area, potencies, constraints, and scoring
analysis can be determined land suitability of Kedungpane Village in the
table below :
Table IV.3
Land Suitability Kedungpane Village
Village
Kedungpane

Total
Area Function
Score
90
The function of Cultivation Area for housing
110

Kedungpane

130
170

Kedungpane

185

Buffer area is suitable for :

Agriculture (Tuber crops, ricefields, beans)
Farm (Rubber tree, teak tree)
Conservation area is suitable for conservation (green open
space, conservation forest, agriculture, and farm)

Source : Analyzed by Environmental Geology Group 3B, 2014 Kelompok 3B

Kedungpane Village has 80 % area is cultivated area. As the Village

area cultivation area Kedungpane widely used as agricultural land and
plantations because the soil is fertile. In addition, the cultivated area is also
suitable for residential land. Buffer zones in the Kedungpane Village by 20
% which is also used for agriculture, plantations, dry land, and etc.
Meanwhile, 5 % of which is used as a protected conservation areas to
maintain environmental balance.
6. Potentials and Constraints

12

Table IV.4
SWOT Analysis

INTERNAL
STRENGTHS (S)
1. The soil type is latosol
2.Kaligetas Formation
3. High topography

Weakness (W)
1. The eastern access road
to the Village Kedungpane
2. Scarcity of ground water
in the north and south of
the Village Kedungpane

OPPORTUNITIES (O)
1. Proximity to the
highway-Boja Semarang.
2. Needs can be met by
introducing irrigation
stream Kreo.
Bordering the tourist
sites in the Village Goa
Kreo Kandri, District
Gunungpati.

STRATEGY (SO)
latosol soil type suitable
for agriculture and
plantations developed by the
manufacturing line irrigation channels
associated with the river
Kreo.
Topography is causing
high risk of flooding in the
Village Kedungpane small,
coupled with a location
close to the highway to
make suitable Kedungpane
Village buildings and
settlements.

STRATEGY (WO)
To overcome the scarcity
of water at some point, can
be overcome by utilizing the
stream piped Kreo.
Development of good
roads and connecting the
Village Kedungpane with
Kreo Goa tourist sites in the
east for easy access to the
location of Goa Kreo and to
develop the site into a
tourist.

Threats (T)
1. Landscape that is
prone to landslides.
2. Pollution caused by
landfill (TPA) Semarang.
Opening new industrial
estates and housing
causing land conversion.

STRATEGY (ST)
Patterns and plantation
agriculture in Sub
Kedungpane can be done by
the method of terracing or
swale to prevent landslides.
Residential development or
other areas should be away
from landfill sites and the
slope is not too steep.

STRATEGY (WT)
Scarcity of ground water
was at some point, coupled
with landscapes prone to
landslides causing difficult
to use the land in such
places as residential or
agricultural.

EXTERNAL

Source: Analyzed by Environmental Geology Group 3B, 2014

13

According to the analysis table based on the SWOT analysis table above, it
can be concluded that the potentials and constraints that exist in the Village
Kedungpane are :
1. Potentials
The potentials that exist in Kedungpane Village are :
The Kedungpane Village have potentials in agricultural because
of the good irrigation canals and the soil type of the

Kedungpane Village is latosol.

The Kedungpane Village has sloping land, so it can be use for

residential areas and agricultural areas development.

The Kedungpane Village has high topography that causes
minimum risk of flooding. In addition, location of Kedungpane
Village close to the highway makes it suitable for buildings and

settlements.
2. Constraints
The constrains that exist in Kedungpane Village :
The existence of incompatible land use specifically is the land
conversion

from

green

open

space

to

Kedungpane

resettlements.
The Kedungpane Village has landslide-prone landscapes that

are not appropriate for residential areas and human activities.

The presence of Final Disposal (TPA) at Kedungpane Village
that causes air pollution.

14

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS
The study of macro area is the Mijen District, is one of the districts in the
city of Semarang located in the southwest part of Semarang. According to Spatial
Semarang years 2011 - 2031 this district belongs to the BWK IX with the main
function as the Office of Public Service. The total areaof Mijen District is 57.55
km2consists of fourteen villages. Ngaliyan district has other functions as
residential, industrial, agricultural areas,

ponds, trade, and services. Natural

physical conditions in the Mijen District is hilly and relatively coarse, soil type
and soil movement stratigraphy, slope instability, and weathering can cause
geological hazards such as soil movement, erosion, and landslides.
The study of micro area is the Kedungpane Village, is one of the villages
in the northeastern part of the Mijen District, Semarang. Land use in Kedungpane
Village are for residential, educational, industrial, agricultural, and vacant land.
Kedungpane

Village has 6 RW. Kedungpane Village has a flat topography,

sloping, somewhat steep, and steep with a different slope in the range of 0% to>
40%. However dominated by a rather steep topography with slopes 2-15%.
Steepest slopes found in RW 03 eastern bordering the Gunungpati District.
Kedungpane Village has a wet tropical climate with an average rainfall from 27.7
to 34.8 mm per year with the average temperature of 28oC. The rocks in the study
area consists of a layer of marine, sedimentary rocks and rock base with the type
of soil sediment breccia consists of mediterranean latosol reddish brown and dark
brown.
Geological structure contained in the Kedungpane Village is a Structural
and Fluvial landforms characterized by the many hills in the study area of micro
and Kreo River in the eastern part of the Village. Watershed Kreo also affect the
hydrologic conditions in the Kedungpane Village, the availability of surface water
flow of the river is dominated by Kreo. Kedungpane including the Village
15

Watershed (DAS) Banjirkanal Barat. The availability of ground water in the

Kedungpane Village also adequate for most areas Kedungpane an aquifer
production, and only a small portion Kedungpane area which is an area of scarce
groundwater.
Based on the survey that was conducted, at the Kedungpane Village there
fault that extends from south to north and passing through the main road that
connects Mijen District and Ngaliyan District. This fault how the boundary
between Gunungpati District and Kedungpane Village, parallel to the river flow
Kreo.
In addition to fault a few months ago, the month of February 2014
landslide that destroyed houses and damaged four other homes. Landslides that
occurred due to land in Kedungpane Village an unstable ground and with heavy
rain. The Avalanche are located in RT 06/RW 4, a location that has a slope of
about 15-25%. There were no fatalities in the landslide events.
Recommendations
Recommendations for land use direction for the Kedungpane Village are as
follows ; Broadly roadly speaking, the study area has a gently sloping topography
(slope 2-15%). With the topography of the study area has a function that is more
suitable area used as residential areas, industrial, and farming, as well as other
cities for support facilities such as trade, and education as a sloping soil conditions
; In areas with gradients of 15-25% is a proper buffer zone. Plays a very important
buffer zone for the preservation of nature, to reduce the population pressure. Itself
is a function of buffer zones as water catchment areas to prevent the occurrence of
landslides and erosion; and Soil type latosol reddish brown soil found in most
areas Kedungpane suitable for agriculture and plantations because the crumb
structure of the soil and moderately resistant to erosion. In the region Kedungpane
Village the soil type is reddish brown latosol can be optimized as agricultural and
plantation areas.
Recommendation for The Government may make Spatial (Spatial Plan) to
determine a clear land use and development controls with the IMB (building
16

permit). In neighborhoods that have been built landslide-prone areas should be

relocated to a more decent place to live ;More responsive in response to
geological hazards ; Provide outreach to the community regarding land use and
tackling geological hazards ; Restructuring or the development of infrastructure
and access roads ; To supervise the use of land in the Kedungpane Village; held a
reboitation program to the buffer area that was damaged in order to minimalize
the threat of geological hazard; and The Government may issue regulations
limiting the exploitation of land in the area of project development Bukit
Semarang Baru (BSB).
Recommendations for The Studies Case;Societys house that located in
steep slope should be relocated to a more flat, so that the residents avoid
avalanche danger in the form of ground movement; The construction of good
roads and connecting the Kedungpane Village with Goa Kreo tourist sites in the
east for easy access to the location of Goa Kreo and to develop the site into
wanawisata ; Patterns and plantation agriculture in Kedungpane Village can be
done by the method of terracing or swale to prevent landslides.; Preparation of
channels - channels associated with river irrigation Kreo, to flow through
agricultural and plantation areas.
Recommendations for The Society;Instill a sense of community going
concern for the environment in a way to comply with the regulations set by the
government as not cutting down trees carelessly, which should be a buffer zone.
Not violate the building permit and not on steep slopes.
Recommendations for The Developers; Opening a new land for housing or
industry should be adjust the Land Capability, for example, for residential or
industrial, should be built in the area of cultivation; Opening a new land in the
Kedungpane Village have to obey the government regulations on the exploitation
of land and construction of buildings.

17

18