Physics Spectrum - Ps

BOARD EXAM RIDE 1
General Instructions
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
All questions are compulsory

Section A contains five questions from 1 to 5 which are very short answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
Section B contains five questions from 6 to 10 which are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
Section C contains twelve questions from 11 to 22 which are also short answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
Section D contains one question number 23 which is value based question and carries 4 marks.
Section E contains three questions from 24 to 26 which are long answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
Use log tables if necessary. Use of calculator is not allowed.
Section A
1. A proton is placed in a uniform electric field directed
along the positive X-axis. So, in which direction will it
tends to move?
2. The three coloured bands on a carbon resistor are red,

green and yellow respectively. Write the value of its
resistance.
7. A parallel beam of light of 500 nm falls on a narrow slit

and the resulting diffraction pattern is observed on a
screen 1 m away. It is observed that the first minimum
is at a distance of 2.5 mm from the centre of the screen.
Calculate the width of slit.
or
to another, its wavelength changes but frequency

remains the same. Explain?
Yellow light (l = 6000 ) illuminates a single slit of

width 1 10 -4 m. Calculate the distance between the
two dark lines on the either side to the central
maximum, when the diffraction pattern is viewed on a
screen kept 1.5 m away from the slit.
5. Why do we need a higher bandwidth for the
8. The given graph shows the variation of photoelectric
transmission of music compared to that for commercial

telephonic communication?
current with collector plate potential for different

frequencies of incident
Photoelectric
radiation.
current
(i) Which
physical
parameter is kept
constant for three
n1 n
curves?
2 n
3
(ii) Which frequency
(n1 , n2 or n3 ) is the
Collector plate potential
highest?
3. Define dielectric strength of dielectric?

4. When monochromatic light travels from one medium
Section B
6. In the meter bridge experiment, balance point was
observed at J with AJ = l.
(i) The values of R and X were doubled and then
interchanged. What would be the position of
balance point?
(ii) If the galvanometer and battery are interchanged
at balanced position, how will the balance point
get affected?
R
9. Explain in brief, why Rutherfords model cannot

account for the stability of an atom?
10. A message signal of frequency 10 kHz and peak

voltage 10 V is used to modulate a carrier wave of
frequency 1 MHz and peak voltage 20 V. Determine
l
J
(i) the modulation index and

(ii) the side bands produced.
73
BOARD EXAM RIDE 1

15. How are electromagnetic waves produced by
Section C
11. A capacitor of unknown capacitance is connected
across a battery of V volt. The charge stored in it is
360 mC. When the potential across the capacitor is
reduced by 120 V, then the charge stored in it becomes
120 mC. Calculate
(i) the potential V and the unknown capacitance C.
(ii) What will be the charge stored in the capacitor, if
the voltage applied had increased by 120 V?
12. Define the relaxation time of the free electrons drifting

in a conductor. How is it related to the drift velocity of
free electrons? Use this relation to deduce the
expression for the electrical resistivity of the material?
13. A rectangular loop of wire of size 2.5 cm 4 cm carries
steady current of 1 A. A straight wire carrying 2 A

current is kept near the loop as shown. If the loop and
the wire are coplanar, then find
(i) torque acting on the loop and
(ii) the magnitude and the direction of force on the
loop due to the current carrying wire.
2.5 cm
I=2.5 A
4 cm
1A
1A
1 cm
When the two materials are placed in an external

magnetic field, then the behaviour of magnetic field
lines is as shown in the figure. Identify the magnetic
nature of each of these two materials.
oscillating charges? Why is it not possible to produce

the electromagnetic waves in the visible region with
modern electronic circuits in the laboratory? What is
the method of production of X-rays?
16. Two convex lenses of focal length 20 cm and 1 cm

constitute a telescope. The telescope is focused on a
point which is 1 m away from the objective. Calculate
the magnification produced and the length of the tube,
if the final image is formed at a distance 25 cm from the
eye piece.
17. In Youngs double slit experiment, the two slits

0.15 mm apart are illuminated by monochromatic light
of wavelength 450 nm. The screen is 1.0 m away from
the slits.
(i) Find the distance of the second
(a) bright fringe
(b) dark fringe from the central maxima
(ii) How will the fringe pattern change if the screen is
moved away from the slits?
18. (i) What is meant by half-life of a radioactive

element?
(ii) The half-life of a radioactive substance is 30 s.
Calculate
(a) the decay constant and
(b) time taken for the sample to decay by 3/4th of
initial value.
19. (i) Describe the working of light emitting diodes?

(ii) Which semiconductors are preferred to make
LEDs and why?
(iii) Give two advantages of using LEDs over
conventional incandescent lower power lamps?
20. (i) Determine the de-Broglie wavelength of a proton

whose kinetic energy is equal to the rest mass
energy of an electron. Mass of a proton is
1836 times to that of electron.
(ii) In which region of electromagnetic spectrum does
this wavelength lie?
14. The figure shows a series L-C-R circuit with l = 100 H,

C = 40 mF, R = 60 W connected to a variable frequency
240 V source, calculate
R
(i) the angular frequency of source which drives the

circuit at resonance.
(ii) the current at resonating frequency.
(iii) the rms potential drop across the inductor at
resonance.
FEBRUARY 2015
Draw block diagram of a detector for AM waves and

state briefly, showing the waveforms, how the original
message signal is obtained?
22. With the help of a suitable diagram, explain the

C
74
21. What is meant by the detection of modulated signal?
formation of depletion region in the p-n junction. How

does its width change when the junction is
(i) forward biased and
(ii) reverse biased?
Section D
23. While travelling to his residence in the car, Dr. Pathak
was caught up in a thunderstorm. It becames very
dark. He stopped driving the car and waited for
thunderstorm to stop. Suddenly, he noticed a child
BOARD EXAM RIDE 1

walking alone on the road. He asked the boy to come
inside the car till the thunderstorm stopped. Dr. Pathak
dropped the boy at his residence. The boy insisted that
Dr. Pathak should meet his parents. The parents
expressed their gratitude to Dr. Pathak for his concern
for the safety of child.
25.
Answer the following questions based on the above

information:
(i) Why is it safer to sit inside a car during the
thunderstorm?
(ii) Which two values are displayed by Dr. Pathak in
this action?
(iii) Which values are reflected in parents response to
Dr. Pathak?
(iv) Give an example of similar action of your part in
the past from everyday life?
or
(i) An AC source generating a voltage,

V = Vm sinwt is connected to a capacitor of
capacitance C. Find the expression for the current
I, flowing through it. Plot a graph of V and I versus
wt to show that current is p /2 ahead to voltage.
(ii) A resistor of 200 W and a capacitor of 15 mF are
connected in series to a 200 V, 50 Hz AC source.
Calculate the current in the circuit, the rms
voltage across the resistor and the capacitor. Is the
algebraic sum of these voltages more than the
source voltage? If yes, resolve the paradox.
Section E
(i) Define electric flux? Write its SI unit?
(ii) A small metal sphere carrying charge + Q is
located at the centre of a spherical cavity inside a
large uncharged metallic spherical shell as shown
in the figure. Use Gausss law to find the
expressions for electric field at points P1 and P2 .
Metal
+Q
Free Space
P1
P2
(iii) Draw the pattern of electric field lines in this

arrangement?
or
(i) Derive an expression for the torque experienced
by an electric dipole kept in a uniform electric
field.
(ii) Calculate the work done to dissociate the system
of three charges placed on the vertices of a
triangle as shown in the figure. Here
q = 1.6 10 -10 C.
(i) What is the effect on the interference fringes to a

Youngs double slit experiment, when
(a) the separation between the two slits is
decreased?
(b) the width of the source slit is increased?
(c) the monochromatic source is replaced by a
source
of white light? Justify your answer in
each case.
(ii) The intensity at the central maxima in Youngs
double slit experimental set up is I0 . Show that the
intensity at a point where the path difference is
l/3, is I0 / 4.
or
(i) What are the coherent sources of light? Two slits in
Youngs double slit experiment are illuminated by
the two different sodium lamps emitting light of
same wavelengths. Why does no interference
pattern observed?
(ii) Obtain the condition for getting dark and bright
fringes in Youngs experiment. Hence, write the
expression for the fringe width.
(iii) If s is the size of the source and d be its distance
from the plane of two slits. What should be the
criterion for the interference fringes to be seen.
cm
B
(2q)
26.
10
cm
A (q)
10
24.
(i) Write a short note on self-inductance and mutual

inductance. Write their SI units?
(ii) Derive an expression for self-inductance of a long
solenoid of length l, cross-section area A having
N number of turns.
(iii) What are eddy currents? Write their two
applications?
C
(+2q)
The solution of these questions are available on http://www.arihantbooks.com/Physics%20Spectrum.pdf
FEBRUARY 2015 Physics SPECTRUM
75
Answer with Explanations

1. When a proton placed in a uniform electric field, it is directed
8.
along the positive X-axis, then the proton will tend to move
along the X-axis in the direction of uniform electric field.
2. According to colour code of resistances,

Code for red = 2; Code for green = 5; Code for yellow = 4
Therefore, resistance of the wire = (25 10 4 ) W 20%
3. The dielectric strength of a dielectric is the maximum value of

applied electric field required to just breakdown of the
dielectric material. i.e k = E
9. The following are the drawbacks of the Rutherfords model
4. When monochromatic light travels from one medium to

another, its wavelength changes but frequency remains the
same because refractive index for a given pair of medium
depends upon the ratio of wavelength and velocity of light in
two media but not depends on frequency.
5. The range of frequencies of music is higher than the

commercial telephone conversation and therefore, greater
bandwidth is needed for music.
10.
6. (i) The balancing condition states that
Balancing length would be at (100 - l ) cm.

(ii) On changing the position of galvanometer and battery,
the meter bridge continue to be balanced and hence, no
change occurs in the balance point.
7. The distance of the nth minimum from the centre of screen is,
xn =
nDl
.
a
where, D = distance of slit from screen

l = wavelength of the light
a = width of the slit for the first minimum
n=1
X n = 2.5 mm = 2.5 10 -3 m, D = 1 m
-9
i = 500 10 m
Therefore, 2.5 10 -3 =
11
( )( 500 10 -9 )
a
a = 2 10 -4 m = 02
. mm
or
Given, l = 6000 = 6 10 -7m and d = 1 10 -4 m

Q Separation between the slit and screen, D = 15
. m. The
separation between the two dark lines on the either side of the
2 Dl
central maxima = fringe width of central maxima =
d
=
2 15
. 6 10 -7
1 10 -4
= 18 10
76
-3
m = 18 mm
(i) He suggested that on revolving an electron in the orbits,

it radiates energy and sinks consequently towards the
nucleus, thus the radius followed by the electrons,
gradually decreases based on it, electron should fall into
the nucleus and atom should be destroyed.
(ii) According to it, we should obtain radiation of all the
possible wavelengths but in actual practice, atomic
spectrum is a line spectrum.
m
10
(i) Modulation index, m =
= 0. 5
mc
20
(ii) Side band frequencies = fc + fm
R
l
X 100 - l
=
=
X 100 - l
R
l
When X and R are both doubled
2X
X 100 - l
=
=
2R R
l
(i) According to laws of photoelectric emission, the

photoelectric current depends on the intensity of
incident light. The constant saturation value of
photoelectric current reveals that the intensity of incident
light is constant.
(ii) Frequency n1 is lightest among n1, n 2 and n 3 because
higher the cut off potential, higher will be the value of
frequency of incident light.
fm = 10 kHz
fc = 1 MHz = 1000 kHz
\ Side band frequencies = 1000 10 = 1010 kHz, 990 Hz
11.
(i) We have initial voltage, V1 = V volts and the charge

stored, Q1 = 360 mC.
Q1 = CV1
(i)
So, changed potential, V2 = V - 120

Q 2 = 120 mC
Q 2 = CV2
(ii)
Now, by dividing Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get

Q1 CV1
360
V
V = 180 V
=
=
Q 2 CV2
120 V - 120
\C =
Q1 360 10 -6
=
= 2 10 -6 F = 2mF
V1
180
Hence, the potential V = 180 V and unknown

capacitance is 2 mF.
(ii) If the voltage applied had increased by 120 V, then
V3 = 180 + 120 = 300 V
Hence, charge stored in the capacitor,
Q 3 = CV3 = 2 10 -6 300 = 600 mC.
12. Relaxation time The average time difference between the two
successive collisions of drifting electrons inside the
conductor under the influence of electric field applied across
the conductor is known as relaxation time.
- eEt
(i)
Drift speed and relaxation time is related as vd =
m
where, E = electric field due to applied potential difference
t = relaxation time
m = mass of an electron
e = electronic charge
Electric current, I = -neAvd

-eEt
I = - neA
m
I=
[Qusing Eq. (i)]
ne 2 At V

m l
Q E = V
l
V
ml
rl
=
=
=R
l
A
ne 2 AT
(ii) Current at resonating frequency

V
V
{QAt resonance, Z = R}
Irms = rms = rms
Z
R
240
=
= 4A
60
(iii) Inductive reactance, X L = wL
Q At resonance,
m
r=
ne 2t
Where resistiuity of a conductor,
X L = w 0L = 50 10 = 500 W
Potential drop across the inductor,
This is a required expression.

between the straight wire and 4 cm
long arm of loop nearer to the
straight conductor.
I=2.5 A
2 2 1
m0
4 10 -2
F1 =
4p (2 10 -2 )
Vrms = Irms X L = 4 500
2.5 cm
13. As, there will be a force of attraction
[Towards the straight conductor]
1A
4 cm
1A
1 cm
F1 = 8 10 -7 N
F2 = 3.55 10 -7 N
[Away from the conductor]

(i) Since, F1 and F2 are of different magnitudes.
Therefore, they do not form the couple and hence t = 0.
(ii) Net force on the loop,
F = F1 - F2
= 8 10
-7
[Towards the straight conductor]

- 3.55 10
15. The oscillating charge accelerates which in turn produces the

time varying current. This produces varying magnetic field
and this varying magnetic field induces the varying electrical
field. Thus, varying electric field and varying magnetic field
becomes source of each other and hence, electromagnetic
waves comes into existence.
Electronic circuit cannot produces electromagnetic waves in
the visible region because their frequency is much higher than
that of microwaves.
16. Given, fo = 20 cm, fe = 1 cm, ve = - 25 cm

For objective, vo = - 100 cm, fo = 20 cm
1
1
1
1
1
1
=
=
fo
vo uo
20 vo ( -100)
F = 4.45 10 N
So, the forces on two branches of the loop are equal in
magnitude and opposite in directions, hence they
balance each other.
or
(i) Material X is a paramagnetic substance. So, when a
specimen of a paramagnetic substance is placed in a
magnetising field, the lines of force prefer to pass
through the specimen rather than through the air. Thus,
magnetic induction inside the sample is more than the
magnetic intensity.
(ii) Material Y is a ferromagnetic substance. These are the
substances in which a strong magnetism is produced in
the same direction as the applied magnetic field, these
are strongly attracted by a magnet.
14. Given, L = 10 H, C = 40 mF
R = 60 W, Vrms = 240 V
(i) Resonating angular frequency,
1
1
1
w0 =
=
=
= 50
-6
LC
20
10 -3
10 40 10
w 0 = 50 rad/s
5-1
1
1
1
4
=
=
=
uo = 25 cm
vo 20 100
100
100
For eye lens,

fe = 1 cm, ue = ?, ve = - 25
1
1
1
=
fe
ve ue
-7
-7
Vrms = 2000 V
Similarly, force on other 4 cm arm of loop, away from the

straight conductor.
2 2 1
m
F2 = 0
4 10 -2
4p 4.5 10 -2
Irms = 4 A
-25
1
1
1
-1
1
=
= 1+
ve =
26
1 -25 ue
ue
25
|ue | = 0.96 cm
Magnification (m) of a telescope

m=-
vo
D
25 1 + 25
1 + = -
100
uo
fe
1
m=-
1
26
4
m = - 6.5
Therefore, length of telescope, L = vo + ue = 25 + 0.96

L = 25.96 cm
17. Distance between the two sources,

d = 015
. mm = 15
. 10 -4 m
Wavelength, l = 450 mm = 4.5 10 -7m
Distance of the screen from the source, D = 1 m.
(i) (a) The distance of nth order bright fringe from central
fringe is given by,
Dnl
Yn =
d
77
For second bright fringe,

2 Dl
Y2 =
d
Y2 =
2 1 4. 5 10 -7
1. 5 10 -4
Y2 = 6 10 -3 m
Therefore, the distance of the second bright fringe,

Y2 = 6 mm
(b) The distance of nth order dark fringe from central fringe
Dl
is given by, Yn = (2 n - 1)
2d
Q For second dark fringe, n = 2
Dl 3Dl
Yn = (2 2 - 1)
=
d
2d
Yn =
3 1 4. 5 10 -7
2
1. 5 10 -4
Therefore, the distance of the second dark fringe,
Being in forward bias, thin depletion layer and low

potential barrier facilitate diffusion of electron and hole
through the junction when the high energy electron of
conduction band combines with low energy holes in
valence band, then energy is released in the form of
photon, may be seen in the form of light.
(ii) Semiconductors with appropriate band gap ( E g ) close to
1.5 eV are preferred to make LED size GaAs, CdTe etc.
The other reasons to select these materials are high
optical absorption, availability of raw material and
cheaper in cost.
(iii) Use of LEDs (a) LED can operate at very low voltage
and consumes less power as comparison to
incandescent lamps.
(b) Unlike the lamps, they take very less operational time
and have a long life.
20. (i) According to de-Broglie matter wave equation is given by,

l=
Yn = 4. 5 mm
(ii) With increase of D, the fringe width increases as
Dl
b=
b D.
d
18.
(i) Half life of a radioactive element is the time taken by the

sample to disintegrate up to half of its original amount.
0.693
Half life period, T1/ 2 =
l
where, l is a decay constant.
(ii) T1/ 2 = 30 s
(a) l = ?
0.693
T1/ 2 =
Q
l
0.693 0.693
Decay constant l =
=
= 0.0231 m-1
30
T1/ 2
(b) Q
1
N = N0
2
1
N0
= N0
2
4
1 = 1 n = 2.

2
2
But number of half lives,

Total time taken
2 =
30 s
Total time taken = 60 s = 1 min
19.
78
h
2 mk
p = 2 mk
Q
where, m = mass of proton
k = kinetic energy of proton
So, according to question, kinetic energy of proton,
K = m0 c 2
[Einsteins energy-mass relation]
h
h
l=
=
2c m m0
2 m ( m0 c 2 )
l=
l=
h
2c me 1836
{Qm = 1836 me }
6.63 10 -34
3 10 8 91
1414
.
. 10 -31 42.8
l = 4 10 -14 m
(ii) This region of electromagnetic spectrum is X-ray.
21. The transmitted messages get attenuated in propagating
where, n = number of half lives

N = number of disintegrated nuclei present in the
sample
N0 = original number of undisintegrated atom
3
1
Here,
N = N0 - N0 N = N0
4
4
1
N = N0
2
h
=
p
(i) Working of LED

LED is a forward biased p-n junction which converts
electrical energy into optical, energy of infrared and
visible light region.
though the channel. The receiving antenna is to be followed

by an amplifier and a detector. Detection is a process of
recovering the modulating signal from the modulated carrier
wave.
The block diagram of a detector for AM waves are shown
below.
AM wave
Envelope
detector
Rectifier
(a)
(b)
Time
AM input wave
m(t)
Output
(c)
Time
Rectified wave
Time
Output
The modulated signal of the form given in Fig. (a) is passed

through a rectifier to produce the output shown in Fig. (b). This
enveloped of signal Fig. (c) is the message signal. So, in order
to retrieve m(t), the signal is passed through an envelope
detector.
or
(i) Consider an electric dipole AB consists of two point
charges separated by a distance 2a. It is placed in a
uniform electric field E making an angle q.
(i) With the formation of p-n junction, the holes from

p-region diffuse into n-region and electrons from
n-region diffuse into p-region and electron-hole pair
combine and get annihilated. So, this in-turn produces
potential barrier, VB across the junction which opposes
the further diffusion through the junction. Thus, smaller
region forms in the vicinity of the junction, which is
depleted of the free charge carrier and has only
immobile ions is called the depletion region.
Circuit diagram of p-n junction diode is shown below:
mA
+
A
+q
2a
22.
Eq
B
Forward biased
B
Reverse biased
= Eq 2 a sin q t = PEsin q t = P E
(ii) Since, the total electrostatic potential energy of this
system is
The width of depletion layer

(i) decreases in forward bias.
(ii) increases in reverse bias.
B
(q2)
i.e.,
=-
++ ++ ++
U =
W = -U
++ ++ ++
++
+
+
++
-9 10 9 8 (16
. 10 -10 )2
01
.
\ Work done to dissociate the system,
+
+
Q
+Q
1 10 q 2
4pe 0
r
U = - 184
. 10 -8J
W = + 184
. 10 -8J
++
++ ++ ++
++
+
++
1 q 1q 2 q 2q 3 q 3 q 1
+
+
4pe0R AB
BC
CA
Distance, r = 10 cm = 01
. m.
1 q ( -4q ) ( -4q )(2q ) (2q )(q )
=
+
+
4pe0 r
r
r
Field at P2 = 0, because the electric field inside the

conductor is zero.
(iii) The electric field lines due to arrangement is as shown
below.
++
U =
C
(q3)
Work done in making the system (U ) = Total electrostatic

potential energy of the system
(i) Electric flux over an area in an electric field represents

the total number of electric lines of forces crossing the
area in a direction normal to the plane of the area. SI unit
of electric flux is Nm2 /C .
1 Q
Q
(ii) Using Gausss theorem, E 4pr12 =
E=
4pe 0 r 2
e0
++ ++ ++
++
+
24.
A (q1)
(i) It is safer to be inside a car during thunderstorm

because the car acts like a Faraday cage. The metal in
the car will shield from any external electric fields and
thus prevent the lightning from travelling with in car.
(ii) Awareness and humanity are the values which are
displayed by Dr. Pathak.
(iii) Gratitude and obliged are the values which are reflected
in parents response to Dr. Pathak.
(iv) I once came across to a situation where a puppy was
struck in the middle of a busy road during the rain and
was not able to cross due to heavy flow, so I quickly
rushed and helped him.
++
23.
Electric force acting on charge +q, F1 = Eq .

(along the direction of field)
Electric force acting on charge - q, F2 = Eq
(opposite to the direction of field)
These forces forms a couple of force whose torque,
T = Force perpendicular distance between the two
forces = Eq AC
.
+
+
mA
Eq
Charges will be uniformly distributed on all the surfaces.

Hence, all the field lines will be uniformly separated.
25.
(i) Self Inductance Self inductance of a coil is equal to the

total magnetic flux linked with the coil when the unit
current passes through it.
Mutual Inductance The mutual inductance between the
two inductors is equal to the magnetic flux linked with
one inductor when unit current flows through another
conductor..
Since, SI unit of both self inductance and mutual
inductance is henry (H).
79
(ii) Let the radius and length of air cored solenoid are r and
L respectively such that r << L and having n turns per
unit length.
N
n=
\
l
N = total number of turns
If I current flows through the coil, then magnetic field is
given by,
B = m 0nI
So, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get that current leads the voltage
p
by phase .
2
V, I
Y
V0
I0
O
3p/2
wt
But,
Nf = LI
where, L is the coefficient of self-induction.
Q Impedance, Z =
(m 0nIA )N = LI
N
L = m 0nAN = m 0 AN
l
VR = IR = 102
. 200 = 204 V
VC = I XC = 102
. 83.33
(i)
q
Q Potential difference across the capacitor, V = .
C
V0
V
= 0
1
XC
wC
1
Q Capacitive reactance, XC =
wC
80
V VR + VC
Because VC and VR are not in same phase.
I0 =
VC = 85 V
Hence, VR leads VC by phase p /2.
Let the alternating voltage, V = V0 sin wt is applied across a

capacitor C. At any instant, the potential difference across the
capacitor is equal to the applied voltage.
where,
Vrms
220
=
= 102
. A
Z
216.6
Across capacitor,
Applications
(i) Electromagnetic shielding
(ii) Magnetic furnace.
or
Irms =
R 2 + XC2 = (200)2 + ( 83.33)2 = 216.6 W
rms voltage across R,
m 0 AN 2
l
This is the required expression.
(iii) Eddy currents are currents induced in the bulk pieces of
conductors when the amount of magnetic flux linked
with the conductor changes.
L=
Inductive reactance,
1
1
XC =
=
= 83.33 W
wC
300 40 10 -6
Nf = (m 0n / A )N
(ii) Given, R = 200 W, C = 40 mF, Vrms = 220 V, w = 300 Hz
\ Total magnetic flux linked with solenoid
q = CV q = CV0 sin wt
dq
= wCV0 cos wt
dt
V cos wt
I= 0
1
wC
p
I = I0 sin wt +
p/2
wt
X
f = BA = m 0nIA
I0
\ Magnetic flux linked with each turn
V = V0 sin wt
V0
e
2p
p/2
(ii)
26.
V =
VR2 + VC2
(i) (a) From the fringe width expression,

Dl
b=
d
So, with the decrease in separation between the two
slits, the fringe width d increases.
(b) For interference fringes to be seen,
s
l
(i)
<
S d
Condition (i) should be satisfied.
where, s = size of the source
S = distance of the source from the plane of two slits.
So, As the source-slit width increases, the fringe pattern
gets less and less sharp.
When the source-slit is so wide, the above condition
does not satisfied and the interference pattern
disappears.
(c) The interference pattern due to different colour
component of white light overlap. The central bright
fringes for different colours are at the same position.
Therefore, central fringes are white and on the either
side of the central white fringe, coloured bands will
appear.
The fringe closed on the either side of central white
fringe is red and the farthest point will be blue. After a
few fringes, no clear fringe pattern is seen.
(ii) Intensity at a point is given by,

I = 4I cos f /2
where, f = phase difference
I = Intensity produced by each one of the individual
sources.
So, at central maxima, f = 0, the intensity at the central
maxima, I = I0 = 4I .
I
I = 0
4
l
Since, path difference =
3
2p
Phase difference, f =
path difference
l
2p l 2p
=
=
l
3
3
Now, intensity at this point,
1 2p
p
I = 4I cos 2 = 4I cos 2
2 3
3
= 4I
1
I
= I I = 0
4
4
or
(i) Two coherent sources of light are those sources which
emit the light waves of same frequency and same
wavelengths with a constant phase difference between
them.
So, two different sodium lamps cannot produce
interference pattern as they are unable to maintain
constant initial phase difference between them.
(ii) Let the two interfering waves at any point in the region of
superposition are given by
y1 = a1 sin wt and y2 = a2 sin(wt + f)
By principle of superposition of waves,
Y = Y1 + Y2
Y = a1 sin wt + a2 sin( wt + f)
Y = a1 sin wt + a2 sin wt cos f + a2 sin f cos wt .
Y = ( a1 + a2 cos f)sin wt + ( a2 sin f)cos wt .
Y = A cos q sin wt + A sin q cos wt .
where,
(i)
A cos q = a1 + a2 cos j
and
(ii)
A sin q = a2 sin f
Y = A(sin wt cos q + cos wt sin q)
Y = A sin( wt + q)
where, A is the resultant amplitude of interfering waves.
Now, squaring and adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
( A cos q)2 + ( A sin q)2 = ( a1 + a2 cos f)2 + ( a2 sin f)2
A 2(cos 2 q + sin2 q) = a12 + a22 cos 2 f + 2 a1a2 cos f
+ a22 sin2 f.
2
A =
2
A =
a12
a12
+
+
a22(cos 2 f + sin2 f)
a22 + 2 a1a2 cos f
+ 2 a1 a2 cos f
For constructive interference,

A = Amax
cos f = + 1
f = 2 np, where, n = 0, 1, 2,
l
l
phase difference =
2 np
\ Path difference =
2p
2p
\ Path difference = nl
Constructive interference or bright fringes will be
obtained at the points where phase difference is an even
multiple of p and path difference is nl.
Dark fringe or destructive
A = Amin cos f = - 1
f = (2 n - 1)p, where, n = 0, 1, 2 ,
l
(2 n - 1)p
\ Path difference =
2p
l
Path difference = (2 n - 1)
2
Dark fringe or destructive interference is obtained when
interfering wave meet at a point having a phase
p
difference as an odd multiple of or path difference is
2
l
equal to odd multiple of .
2
(iii) Two slits in a plane should be at equal distance from the
source so that S1 and S 2 lie on the same wave front of
source S. Also, the size of source and slits should be of
same shape in order to have wave front of similar shape.
81
BOARD EXAM RIDE 2
1. All questions are compulsory. There are 26 questions in all.
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C
contains twelve questions of three marks each, Section D contains one value based question of four marks and Section E
contains three questions of five marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks, one question of
three marks and all the three questions of five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such
questions.
5. You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary.
c = 3 108 m/s; h = 6.63 10 -34 Js; e = 1.6 10 -19 C; m 0 = 4 p 10 -7 TmA -1 ; e = 8.854 10 -12 C2 N-1 m-2
1
= 9 109 Nm2 C -2 ; me = 9.1 10 -31 kg; mass of neutron = 1.675 10 -27 kg; mass of proton = 1.673 10 -27 kg
4 pe0
Avogadros number = 6.023 1023 per gram mole; Boltzmann constant = 1.38 10 -23 JK -1
Section A
Section B
1. Why do the electric field lines not form the closed
6. Two metallic wires of the same material have the
loop?
same length but cross-sectional area is in the ratio

1:2. They are connected
2. When electrons drift in a metal from the lower to

higher potential, does it mean that all the free
electrons of the metal are moving in the same
direction?
3. A reactive element in an AC circuit causes the
(i) in series and (ii) in parallel.
Compare the drift velocities of electrons in the two

wires in both the cases.
7.
current flowing :
(ii) How do you convince yourself that electromagnetic waves carry energy and momentum?
p
(i) to lead in phase by .
2
p
(ii) to lag in phase by .
2
With respect to the applied voltage, identify the
element in each case.
or
(i) Arrange the following electromagnetic waves in
the descending order of their wavelengths:
(a) Microwaves
(b) Infrared rays
(c) Ultraviolet radiation (d) g-rays
(ii) Write one use each of any two of them.
4. When monochromatic light travels from one

medium to another, its wavelength changes but
frequency remains the same. Explain.
8. An a-particle and a proton are accelerated from rest

by the same potential. Find the ratio of their
de-Broglie wavelengths.
5. Identify the parts X and Y in the following block

diagram of a generalized communication system.
X
76
Transmitter
Reciever
(i) How are electromagnetic waves produced?
9.
(i) In hydrogen atom, an electron undergoes

transition from the 2nd excited state to the first
excited state and then to the ground state.
BOARD EXAM RIDE 2

Identify the spectral series to which these
transitions belong.
(ii) Find out the ratio of the wavelengths of the
emitted electrons in two cases.
15. Answer the following questions:

(i) Optical and radio telescopes are built on the
ground while X-ray astronomy is possible only
from satellites orbiting the Earth. Why?
(ii) The small ozone layer on the top of the
stratosphere is crucial for human survival. Why?
10. What is the range of frequencies used in satellite

communication? What is common between these
waves and light waves?
16. The velocity of a certain monochromatic light in a

given transparent medium is 2 . 225 108 m/s. What
is the
Section C
11. A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery.
After sometime, the battery is disconnected and a
dielectric slab with its thickness equal to plate
separation is inserted between the plates. How will
(i) critical angle of incidence

(ii) polarising angle for this medium?
17. (i)
(i) the capacitance of the capacitor,

(ii) potential difference between the plates and
(iii) the energy stored in capacitors be affected?
(ii)
12. Calculate the steady current through the 2 W resistor

in the circuit shown below.
2W
A
4 mF
6V
3W
4W
2.8 W
13. A moving coil galvanometer of resistance G, gives

its full scale deflection, when a current Ig flows
through its coil. It can be converted into an ammeter
of range (0 to 1) (I > Ig) when a shunt of resistance is
converted into an ammeter of range 0 to 1. Find the
expression for the shunt required in the terms of Ig
and G.
or
If c m stands for the magnetic susceptibility of a
given material. Identify the class of materials for
which.
(i) -1 c m < 0
(ii) 0 < c m < e (e stands for a small positive number).
(a) Write the range of relative magnetic permeability
of these materials.
(b) Draw the pattern of the magnetic field lines when
these materials are placed in an external
magnetic field.
18.
In what way, is the diffraction from each slit

related to the interference pattern in a double slit
experiment?
Two wavelengths of sodium light 590 nm and
596 nm are used in turn to study the diffraction
taking place at single slit of aperture 2 10 -4 m.
The distance between the slit and the screen is
1.5 m. Calculate the separation between the
positions of first maxima of the diffraction pattern
obtained in two cases.
(i) The number of nuclei of a given radioactive

sample at time t = 0 and t = T are N0 and N0 /n
respectively. Obtain an expression for the
half-life (T1 / 2 ) of the nucleus in the terms of n
and T.
(ii) Write the basic nuclear process underlying
b - -decay of a given radioactive nucleus.
19. Draw transistor characteristics of a common-emitter

n-p-n transistor. Point out the region in which the
transistor operates as an amplifier. Define the
following terms used in transistor amplifiers.
(i) Input resistance
(ii) Output resistance
(iii) Current amplification factor.
20. An electromagnetic wave of wavelength l is

incident on a photosensitive surface of negligible
work function. If the photo-electrons emitted from
this surface have de-Broglie wavelength l1, prove
2mc 2
that, l =
l1.
h
21. Write the function of each of the following used in

communication system :
(i) Transducer
(ii) Repeater
(iii) Transmitter
14. A series L-C-R circuit is connected to a 220 V
22. Explain with the help of a circuit diagram, how
variable frequency AC supply. If L = 20 mH,

C = (800 / p2 ) mF and R = 110 W, then
Zener diode works as a DC voltage regulator? Draw

its I-V characteristics.
(i) find the frequency of the source, for which

average power absorbed by the circuit is
maximum.
(ii) calculate the mean value of maximum current
amplitude.
Section D
23. On a field Ram and Shyam were playing football.
Suddenly, a player kicked the ball outside the field
and the ball reached on electric power substation.
One of the players was planning to go and bring
77
back the ball to the field but Ram and Shyam

stopped him saying that it is dangerous to go to the
substation as warmed up body can be caught by the
strong magnetic field, which is created by the high
voltage current in the conduction of switch yard and
they may result in death.
Q
R
(i) Deduce the expression for the emf induced in the

conductor.
(ii) Find the force required to move the rod in the
magnetic field.
(iii) Mark the direction of induced current in the
conductor.
or
(i) State Lenzs law. Give one example to illustrate
this law. The Lenzs law is the consequence of the
principle of conservation of energy. Justify this
statement.
(ii) A jet plane is travelling towards the west at a
speed of 1800 km/h. What is the voltage
difference developed between the ends of the
wing having a span of 25 m, if the Earths
magnetic field at the location has magnitude of
5 10 -4 T and the angle of dip is 30?
Section E
24. Using Gausss law, deduce the expression for the
electric field due to a uniformly charged spherical
conducting shell of radius R at a point.
or
(i) Define electric flux. Write its SI unit.
(ii) The electric field components due to a charge
inside the cube of side 0.1m are shown below.
y
0.1m
z
x
0.1m
Ex = ax
where,
a = 500N/C-m
Ey = 0, Ez = 0
Calculate,
(a) the flux through the cube and
(b) the charge inside the cube.
25. A conducting rod PQ of length L, connected to a

resistance R is moved at a uniform speed v, normal
to a uniform magnetic field B, as shown in figure.
(i) Ram and Shyam are the students of class 12th.

Consider yourself as their friend and give your
opinion about them.
(ii) There is a conductor of length L in a magnetic
field B, current i flows through the conductor.
Calculate the force acting on the conductor
[|B| = constant].
Hence, magnetic field B is also produced by the
current flowing in the conductor other than the
considered conductor.
(i) Outside the shell

(ii) Inside the shell.
Plot a graph showing variation of electric field as
a function of r > R and r < R (being the distance
from the centre of shell).
B
L
26.
(i) Briefly explain how an

unpolarised
light
gets
linearly polarised when it S O
O2
O3
1
passes through a polaroid?
P1
P2
P3
(ii) Three
identical
polaroid
sheets P1 , P2 , P3 are oriented so that the pass axis
of P2 and P are inclined at the angles of 60 and 90
respectively with respect to the pass axis of P. A
monochromatic source S of unpolarised light of
intensity I is kept in front of the polaroid sheet as
shown in the figure below. Determine the
intensities of light as observed by the observers
O1 , O2 and O3 as shown.
or
(i) How does an unpolarised light incident on a
polaroid gets polarised?
Describe briefly, with the help of necessary
diagram, the polarisation of light by reflection
from a transparent medium.
(ii) Two polaroids, A and B are kept in crossed
position. How should a third polaroid, C be
placed between them so that the intensity of
polarised light transmitted by a polaroid B
reduces to 1/8th of the intensity of unpolarised
light incident on A?
The solution of these questions are available on http://www.arihantbooks.com/Physics%20Spectrum.pdf
78
1. Electric field lines do not form the closed loops because electric
8. de-Broglie wavelength,
field lines always originate from positive charge and terminate at

negative charge.
l=
2. Yes, when the electrons drift in a metal from the lower to the higher
(i) In case of pure capacitive circuit, the current leads in phase
by p / 2 with respect to the applied voltage. So, the element
will be a capacitor.
(ii) In case of pure inductive circuit, the current lags in phase by
p / 2 with respect to the applied voltage. So, the element will
be an inductor.
4. When monochromatic light travels from one medium to another,

its wave length changes but frequency remains the same
because the refractive index for the given pair of two media
depends upon the ratio of wavelengths and velocity of light in two
media and not depends on frequency.
h
2 mqV
Here, the potential is kept constant.
potential, then it means that all the free electrons of the metal are
moving in the same direction.
3.
h
2 mK
la
=
lp
la
1
=
lp
2 2
9.
m pq p
ma q a
I = neAvd
I
neA
1
vd
A
vd 1
A
2
= 2 =
vd 2
A1 1
7.
(i) A changing electric field produces a magnetic field and a

changing magnetic field produces an electric field
(Faradays law), the result is the wave of electric and
magnetic fields that can propagate through space. So, these
propagating fields are called as electromagnetic waves.
(ii) According to quantum theory, electromagnetic radiation is
made up of massless particles called photons.
It is expressed as
E
p=
c
where,
p = momentum
E = energy and
c = speed of light
Thus, I am convinced that electromagnetic waves carry
energy and momentum.
or
(i) The decreasing order of wavelengths of electromagnetic
waves are
Microwaves > infrared > ultraviolet > g-rays.
(ii) (a) Microwaves are used in radar devices.
(b) g-rays are used in radiotherapy.
1 1
=
4 2
3.40 eV
Balmer series
n=2
Lyman series
13.6 eV
n=1
l
For n 2
n1,
vd =
In parallel, voltage(V) is same, as

eE
eV
vd =
t=
t,
m
ml
vd
l
1
1
vd 1 = 2 =
vd 2 l1 1
l
qp
qa
(i) An electron undergoes transition from the second excited

state to the first excited state is Balmer series and then to
the ground state is Lyman series.
(ii) The wavelength of emitted radiations in two cases,
Y : communication channel
6. In series, current(I) is same,
la : lp = 1 : 2 2
5. According to the figure given in the question,

X : information source,
m
= p
ma
DE = ( -3.40 + 13.6 ) = 10.20 eV

12 .43 10 -7
l=
10.2
l = 1 . 218 10 -7m l = 1218
10. The range of frequencies used in satellite communication is

3.7 GHz to 6.4 GHz.
So, the common between these waves and light waves refer to
the frequency range for light wave which is of GHz order.
11. On introduction of dielectric slab in isolated charge capacitor,

(i) The capacitance (C) becomes K times of original capacitor
as
Ke A
e A
(i)
and C = 0
C= 0
d
d
(ii) Charge remains conserved in the phenomenon
Therefore,
CV = C V
i.e. charge initially = charge finally
CV = C V
CV CV
[from Eq. (i)]
V =
=
C KC
V
V =
K
Therefore, potential difference decreases and becomes
1/K times of original value.
q2
(iii) Energy stored initially, U =
2C
q2
[QC = KC]
Energy stored later, U =
2( KC )
where, K = dielectric constant of the medium

1
1 q2
U =
U = (U )
K
K 2C
U =
1
U
K
79
The energy stored in the capacitor decreases and becomes

1
times of original energy.
K
14. Given, Vrms = 220 V,

L = 20 mH = 2 10 -2 H
R = 110 W
800
800
C=
10 -6 F
mF =
\
p2
p2
(i) Average power absorbed by L-C-R series AC circuit is
maximum when the circuit is in resonance.
1
\ Resonant frequency, w 0 =
LC
1
n0 =
2 p LC
1
n0 =
800
-2
2 p 2 10
10 -6
p2
1000
n0 =
= 125 s -1
2 4
12. Since, in DC circuit, capacitor offers infinite resistance. Therefore,

no current flows through the capacitor and through 4 W
resistance, so resistance will produce no effect.
\ Effective resistance between A and B,
1
2 3
1
1
RR
= 1.2 W
+
R= 1 2
RAB =
Q =
2 +3
R1 + R2
R R1 R2
\ Total resistance of the circuit = 1 .2 + 2 .8 = 4 W
{Q These two are in series}
Net current drawn from the cell,
V
I=
R (Total resistance)
6 3
I = = = 1.5 A
4 2
\ Potential difference between A and B
VAB = IRAB = 1.5 12
.
VAB = 1.80 V
\ Current through 2 W resistance,
1. 8
V
I = AB =
= 0.9 A
2W
2
Vrms 220
=
=2 A
Z
110
Irms = 2 A
\ Maximum current amplitude,
I0 = Irms 2 = 2 2 A
(ii) As, Irms =
13. A moving coil galvanometer of range Ig and resistance G can be

converted into an ammeter by connected very low resistance
shunt in parallel with the galvanometer.
(i) Optical and radio telescopes are built on the ground while
X-ray astronomy is possible only from satellites orbiting the
Earth because X-rays are shorter than ultraviolet rays and
can pass through many forms of matter whereas light wave
or radio wave cannot pass. Therefore, X-ray astronomy is
possible from satellites.
(ii) The small ozone layer on the top of the stratosphere is
crucial for human survival because ozone layer on the top of
stratosphere traps most of the ultraviolet rays coming from
the Sun and prevents harmful impact of ultraviolet rays.
16.
(i) Given, velocity of a certain monochromatic light

2 . 225 10 8 m/s
v
1
1
As,
sin ic = =
=
m (c / v) c
\ Potential difference across galvanometer

= Potential difference across shunt
Ig G = I sS
I s + Ig = I
I s = I - Ig
Ig G = ( I - Ig ) S
I G
S= g
I - Ig
or
or
(i) - 1 cm < 0 diamagnetic material.

(ii) 0 < cm < e (e stands for small positive number)
Paramagnetic substance.
(a) Relative permeability of diamagnetic material
B
(where, 0 < m < 1 )
m =
H
For paramagnetic substance,
m >1
(b) The magnetic lines are shown in the figure below.
Diamagnetic substance
Paramagnetic substance
80
[QZ = R = 110 W]
15.
Q To convert a galvanometer into an ammeter, shunt resistance is

connected in parallel with the galvanometer, so the potential
difference across the combination is same.
But
n 0 = 125 s -1
sin ic =
2 . 225 10 8
3 10 8
= 0 . 7416
Critical angle of incidence, ic = sin -1 ( 0 . 7416 )

(ii) According to Brewsters law, as, refractive index for a
c
medium, m = = tan i p
v
tan i p =
3 10 8
2 . 225 10 8
= 1. 34
Polarising angle of a medium, i p = tan -1(1. 34 )
17.
(i) If the width of each slit is comparable to the wavelength of

light used, then the interference thus obtained in the double
slit experiment is modified by the diffraction from each of the
two slits.
(ii) Given that wavelength of the light beam,
l1 = 590 nm = 5.9 10 -7m
Wavelength of another light beam,
l = 596 nm = 5.96 10 -7m
Distance of the slits from the screen, D = 1.5m
Distance between the two slits, a = 2 10 -4 m
For the first secondary maxima

3l
x
sin q = 1 = 1
2a
D
3l D
3 l 2D
and x 2 =
x1 = 1
2a
2a
Therefore, spacing between the positions of first secondary
maxima of two sodium lines.
3D
x 2 - x1 =
( l 2 - l1 ) = 6.75 10 -5m
2a
18.
(i) According to the law of radioactive decay,

N = N 0 e - lt
Q At t = T ,
N=
Therefore, half-life,
0 . 6931 0 . 693T
T1/ 2 =
=
l
log( n )
(ii) In b - -decay process, a nuclei emits a negative charge from
the nucleus. A neutron is converted into a proton, causing
the nuclides atomic number to increase by one, but the
atomic mass remains the same.
14
Example, 14
6 C 7 N + e + ne
19. The active region of transfer characteristic curve operate as an

amplifier.
Cut-off
region
hc
= KEmax + 0
l
hc
p2
=
l 2m
where,
p = momentum of electron
m = mass of electron
2 mhc
p=
l
h
\ de-Broglie wavelength, l1 =
p
N0
n
N0
= N 0e - lT
n
n = e lT
log( n )
l=
T
20. Einsteins photoelectric equation for negligible work function.
l1 =
h
2 mhc
l
Squaring both sides, we get

hl
l21 =
2 mc
l1 =
{Q f is very small}
[Q KE =
p2
]
2m
hl
2 mc
2 mc 2
l=
l1
h
Hence Proved.
21. Transducer It is used as a sensor or detector in the

communication system. It converts the physical signal into
another signal.
Repeater It picks up the signals from the transmitter, amplifies it
to the receiver. Thus, repeater comprises up of receiver,
transmitter and amplifier. Its function is to extend the range of
communication.
Transmitter It comprises of the message signal source,
modulator, transmitting antenna. Transmitter makes signals
compatible for communication channel via modulator and
antenna.
22. Zener diode is used as a voltage regulator.
Active
region
V0
Saturation region
R1
IL
Unregulated
voltage Vz
Av
Transistor characteristics of base biased transistor

(i) The input resistance, ri of transistor in CE configuration is
defined as the ratio of small change in base-emitter voltage
to the corresponding change in the base current, when the
collector emitter voltage is kept constant. i.e.
DV
ri = EB
DIB VCE = constant
(ii) Output resistance The ratio of variation of collector-emitter
voltage ( VCE ) and corresponding change in the collector
current ( DIC ) when base current remains constant is called
output characteristic curve.
DV
\
routput = CE
DIC I B = constant
(iii) The current amplification factor of a transistor in CE
configuration is equal to the ratio of the small change in
collector current ( DIC ) to the small change in base current
when collector-emitter voltage is kept constant, i.e.
DI
b = C
DIB VCE = constant
Regulated
voltage, Vz
Load
RL
Zener diode as a voltage regulator

Principle Zener diode is operated in the reverse breakdown
region. The voltage across it remains constant, equal to the
breakdown voltage for large change in reverse current.
mA
I
Knee voltage
Vz
Break down
voltage
V
(Volts)
mA
V-I characteristics of a Zener diode
81
23.
(i) Ram and Shyam displayed a knowledgable character

having sound technical knowledge with an explaining ability
to convince others even at very young age. So, I can say
that both of them handled the situation ideally, with their
presence of mind and helping behaviour.
(ii) Force acting on the conductor in a constant magnetic field,
F = iBL sin q where, q = angle between
current element in the direction of
current.
L = length of the conductor
B = magnetic field
i = current through the
conductor of length L in the magnetic field B
or
(i) Electric flux over an area in an electric field represents the
total number of electric field lines crossing the area in a
direction normal to the plane of the area. SI unit of an
electric flux is N- m 2 / C.
(ii) The electric field is directed along + x-axis. Therefore, the
angle between E and A for left face is 180 whereas, right
face is 0. The angle between E and A on four non-shaded
faces is 90. Therefore, flux linked with these four faces is
zero.
y
24. Electric field due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell.

a
P
ds
a
a
(a) Total electric flux through the cube (f )

f = fL + fR + 0
{Q f for non-shaded face = 0}
where, flux linked with left face,
f L = E1 a 2 cos 180
(i) When the point P lies outside the spherical shell.

Suppose that, we have to calculate electric field at point P at
a distance r ( r > R ) from its centre. Draw the Gaussian
surface through point P so that it encloses the charged
spherical shell. The Gaussian surface is a spherical shell of
radius r and centre O.
Let E be the electric field at point P, then the electric flux
through area element ds is given by, df = E. ds
Since, ds is also along normal to the surface,
df = E ds
\ Total electric flux through the Gaussian surface is given by,
f = E ds = E ds
s
Now,
\
s ds = 4 pr
{\ E1 = ax = 500 0.1, E 2 = ay = 500 0.2 }

= - ( 500 0.1) ( 0.1)2 + ( 500 0.2 ) ( 0.1)2
(b) By Gausss theorem,
q
f=
e0
q = f e0
q = (0.5) 8.85 10 -12
q = 4.425 10 -12C
Charge inside the cube = 4.425 10 -12C
25.
(i) Let the lengths of horizontal arms of circuit be x1 and x 2 at

instants t1 and t 2 respectively.
Q
[for r > R]
E (N/C)
1 q
4pe0 R 2
f = - 0.5 + 1 = 0.5 N-m 2 / C
(i)
(ii) When point P lies inside the spherical shell. In such a case,
the Gaussian surface encloses no charge.
According to Gausss law,
[for r < R]
E 4 pr 2 = 0 E = 0
r (m)
Graph showing the variation of electric field as a function of r.
82
= - E1a 2 + E 2a 2
So, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

1
q
q
E 4 pr 2 = , E =
4 pe 0 r 2
e0
f = E1a 2 cos 180 + E 2a 2 cos 0
Since, the charge enclosed by Gaussian surface is q,

according the Gauss theorem,
q
(ii)
f=
e0
E0
where, flux linked with right face

fR = E 2 a 2 cos 0
f = E 4 pr 2
x
a=0.1m
Charged
spherical
shell
l l
P
x1
x2
\ Area of loop inside the magnetic field,

A1 = lx1, A2 = lx 2
\
DA = A2 - A1 = l( x 2 - x1 ) = lDx
Df = BDA = BlDx
Df
Dx
\
= Bl
= Blv
Dt
Dt
By Faradays law of induced emf (in magnitude)

Df
[\ e = vBl ]
= vBl
e=
Dt
(ii) Therefore, current (I) in the loop,
e
I=
R
Bvl
I=
R
\ Force required must be equal to the magnetic force acting
on conductor PQ in the opposite directions.
B 2l 2v
vBl
f = IBl sin 90 =
\
Bl f =
R
R
crystallographic axis of polaroid are transmitted through

polaroid and other vibrations are being absorbed by it. This
is selective absorption of electric field vector which are not
parallel to axis and termed as dichroism and hence, the
plane polarised light is produced by polaroid.
(ii) We know that
I = I0 cos 2 f
P1
Intensity at O1,
I = I0 cos 2 q
(iii) By Flemings right hand rule, the direction of flow of current

is along anti-clockwise direction.
O2
P2
O3
P3
Intensity at O 2,
I1 = I cos 2 q, = I0 cos 2 qcos 2 60
or
(i) According to Lenzs law, the direction of the induced emf is
such that it always opposes the cause of producing it.
S
O1
I1 = I0
cos q
4
Intensity at O 3,
[Q q = 60 ]
I2 = I1 cos 2 q2 =
I0 cos 2 q
cos 2 90
4
[Q q2 = 90 ]
I2 = 0
So, when the north pole of the bar magnet approaches

towards the loop, the induced current in the coil is
anti-clockwise when viewed from the magnetic side. The
face of the coil being north pole opposes the arrival of the
north pole of magnet. Hence, opposes the cause that
produces it.
Also, certain amount of work has to be done by the external
agency to bring the north pole near the coil in against of
force of repulsion applied by induced current loop. The work
done by external agency appears in the form of electrical
energy. So, Lenzs law is a consequence of the principle of
law of conservation of energy.
(ii) Here,
v = 1800 km/h
5
[towards west]
= 1800
= 500 m/s
18
l = 25m
Be = 5 10 -4 T
p
rad.
6
On flying the plane towards the west, it intersects the
vertical component of magnetic field which is given by,
Bv = Be sin d = 5 10 -4 sin 30
\ Angle of dip, d = 30 =
Bv = 2 .5 10 -4 T
where, Bv = vertical component of magnetic field.
Q Potential PD = v( Bv )l
PD = 500 (2 .5 10 -4 ) 25
or
(i) When an unpolarised light beam is incident on a polaroid,
then only those electric vectors which are parallel to pass
the axis of polaroid, passes through the polaroid and all
vibrations which are not along the pass axis of polaroid get
absorbed by it due to the property of dichroism. Thus,
transmitted light is plane polarised.
Polarised
light
Vibration of electric field
vector of unpolarised light
(ii) Let q be the angle between the pass axes A and C.

I
Intensity of light pass through A = 0
2
I
Intensity of light pass through C = 0 cos 2 q
2
I
Intensity passing through B = 0 cos 2 q.cos 2( 90 - q)

2
=
But,
\
26.
I0
I
(sin qcos q)2 = 0 {Q According to the question}
2
8
1
(sin qcos q)2 =
4
2
PD = 3.125 V
(i) When an unpolarised beam is incident on a polaroid, then
only those vibrations of electric vector which are parallel to
I0
(sin qcos q)2
2
1
sin2 q
=
4
2
sin2 q = 1
2 q = 90
q = 45
83
TEST
RIDER
The Simulator Test Series towards JEE Main and Advanced
JEE ADVANCED RIDE 1

Paper 1
One or More than One Option Correct Type
1. Two blocks each of mass m in a system are
4. An ideal gas having molecular weight is enclosed in a

horizontal tube as shown in figure below.
connected together with an unstretched spring

(helical). The system is kept on a smooth horizontal
floor. A force (say F) of constant magnitude is applied
on one of the two blocks pulling it away from other
block as shown below:
k
m
Ft 2
2m
1 Ft 2
(b) x1 =
- x0
2 2m
1 Ft 2
(c) x2 =
+ x0
2 2m
(d) acceleration of centre of mass, aCM = 0
(a) x =
2. A capacitor is charged so that a uniform electric field

between its plates is E. A particle having charge - q
with mass m enters the field symmetrically between
the plates with a speed v. The area of square sized plate
is l2 and displacement of charged particle is s, final
direction of motion of a charged particle is q with its
initial direction and final velocity in y-direction is v y ,
then
qEl
2 mv 2
qlE
(c) v y = 1 +
mv
3. The electric dipole is of magnitude of charge q and

length l. The mass of each charge is m . The electric
dipole is kept in a uniform electric field E and slightly
rotates about its centre and then released.
(a) The motion is simple harmonic
(b) The motion is not a simple harmonic
ml
2qE
(d) The motion is simple harmonic but time period is 2 p
26
p2
The angular speed of the tube about the vertical axis is

w. The pressures at the ends of the tube are p1 and p2 .
While temperature T of the gas is assumed to be
constant during the whole rotation period. Then,
(assume that the area of cross-section of tube is A)
Mw 2d 2
2RT
(a)
p2
=e
p1
(c)
p1
=e
p2
(b) ln
Mw 2 d 2
2RT
(d)
p2 Mw 2d 2
=
p1
2 RT
p1
2 RT
=
p2 Mw 2d 2
5. Figure shows adiabatic vertical cylinder with an

adiabatic piston (horizontal).
Spring
Piston
Electric
heater
qEl
+ l2
2 mv 2
mv 2 + qlE
(d) v y =
mv
(b) s =
(c) The time period of oscillation T = 2 p
p1
Vertical axis
(fixed end)
F
If the extension in
spring is x0 and the
position of centre of mass of two block system after time
t is x while the displacements of two masses are x1 and
x2 respectively, then
(a) s =
ml
q 2E
One mole of a monoatomic ideal gas is contained in the

cylinder with piston attached by means of a helical
spring of spring constant (k), 300 Nm- 1 . The area of
cross-section of the cylinder is 30 cm2 . The initial
temperature of the gas is 300 K and atmospheric
pressure is 150 kPa. Now, gas is being heated slowly
with the help of electric heater attached to the bottom
of the cylinder so that the movement of piston is 20 cm
up. If initially, the spring was in its natural state, then
after compression
(a) the work done by the gas is 96 J
(b) the work done by the gas is 196 J
(c) the final temperature of the gas is 351 K
(d) the final temperature of the gas is 451 K
JEE ADVANCED RIDE 1

6. A piston of mass m and area of cross-section A is free to
10. A particle of mass m carrying positive charge q and at a
move in between a vertical cylinder containing an

ideal gas. As the piston is in equilibrium, the volume of
gas is V0 and pressure is p0 . Assuming that the whole
system is totally isolated from its surroundings. The
piston is slightly displaced from the state of its
equilibrium, then
distance from an infinitely long straight wire carrying a

current I. Now, the charge is given to a speed v towards
the wire by some agent. Then,
(a) system will execute SHM with frequency
1
2p
(b) system will execute SHM with time period 2 p

(c) system will execute SHM with frequency
1
2p
A 2g p0
mV0
mV0
A 2g p0
mV0
A 2g p0
(d) system will not execute SHM
7. A capacitor of capacitance 5 mF is charged upto 20 mC,

with the help of a battery and then disconnected. Now,
it is brought for discharging through a wire of
resistance 5.0 W. The heat dissipated in the wire is U in
the time duration 25 ms to 50 ms after starting the process
of discharge. Then,
(a) the value of U is 4.7 J
(b) the value of U is 4.7 mJ
(c) the value of U is other than 47
. mJ
(d) the value of U is 3.7 MJ
8. An electron is moving with a speed of 108 m/s and

enters a region of magnetic field (uniform) B= 2 T as
shown in figure below. Then,
P
N a
B (Point to exit)
(Field is normally
inward to the paper)
(a) x-component of acceleration of the charge at time t is

m 0q
times the y-component of velocity
2 p md 2
m 0q
(b) x-component of acceleration of the charge at time t is
2 pmd
times the y-component of velocity
(c) The minimum separation between the wire and the particle
-
is x0 e
2pmv
q
(d) The minimum separation between the wire and the particle
-
is x0 e
2p mv
q
Integer Type
11. A positive charged particle having charge 16
. 10 - 19 C
is fired from very far away towards a nucleus having
charge 50e, where e is electric charge. The distance of
closest approach is 15 fm.
If the mass of charged particle is 9.1 10 - 31 kg, then the
order of magnitude of the de-Broglie wavelength is
12. A uniform metallic rod of length l = 30 cm is subjected

to suspension by an end and is made to undergo small
oscillations. We can assume it as a small pendulum
that has the same period of oscillation to that of the rod,
then length of this small pendulum would must be
13. Suppose the first overtone of a closed organ pipe A is

same as the fundamental frequency of an organ pipe B.
If the length of organ pipe A is 30 cm then what will be
the length of other organ pipe B ?
14. A mass 50 g is dropped to a vertical
(a) The distance covered by charged particle in the magnetic

field is 14 cm
(b) The minimum distance between point to entry and point to
exit for electron is 14 cm
(c) The value of angle a is 45
(d) The electron will go on a circular track
spring having stiffness 500 Nm- 1 from a

m=50 g
height of h = 10 cm is shown in the figure h
alongside. The mass sticks to the spring
and executes SHM. A concave mirror of
k
focal length 12 cm facing the mass is
fixed with its principal axis coinciding
with the line of motion of 25 g mass. Its
pole being at a distance of 25 cm from the free end of
the helical spring. The length in which the image of
mass oscillates in integral value, is (Take g = 10 m /s2 )
9. Consider the xy-plane in which the electric field E is
15. The separation between two infinitely long parallel
A (Point to enter)
M
45
Q
along the negative z-axis and the magnetic field is along

the negative y-axis. Both the fields are uniform. A charge
particle having charge q of negative nature and mass m,
is released from a point in the plane. If the speed of
particle at any time is given as u = ux $i + uy $j, then
(a) net force on (in magnitude) the particle is (qB)2 + (qE )2
(b) net force (in magnitude) on the particle is
( (qu y B)2 + [q ( E - u x B)]2
(c) motion of charged particle will be of simple harmonic nature
(d) motion of particle can be expressed by the equation
u y = A sin ( wt + d )
straight wires is d0 . A charged particle is moving with

speed v in a plane containing two wires.
The distance of the charged particle from either of the
wires is d. The magnitude of current flowing through
the wire is I0 while directions are same in both the
wires. The radius of curvature of path followed by
charged particle is r1 .
If this radius in turn is r2 while direction of current in
any of the two wires is reversed, then find the ratio of r1
and r2 (given that the ratio of d0 and d is 3).
27
JEE ADVANCED RIDE 1

16. There is a spherical charged cavity of radius R/2 with
its centre on the axis of an infinitely long cylinder
having diameter 2R and charge density s. The
magnitude of electric field intensity at any point P at a
distance 2R from the axis of cylinder is given by the
23 s R
. The value of K must be
expression
16 K e0
17. A particle of mass 0.5 kg is moving along a straight line

under a force that delivers a constant power of 0.8 W. If
initially the particle is at rest, then speed of the particle
after the time 4 s as a box function v is
18. A string is passing over a wheel of moment of inertia

0.5 unit and radius 0.1 unit. Also the string goes
through a light pulley in order to support a hanging
block of mass 5 unit. The acceleration of block as the
nearest integral value will be
(All the units belong to same system and take
g = 10 m/s2 )
19. A small hole at the bottom of a cylinder shaped vessel

of height 400 mm is initially closed. Water is filled in
the cylinder upto a height h and then if vessel is sealed
while now the hole is opened. Some volume of water
comes out and water level in the vessel becomes steady
with height of water column being 100 mm. If there is
no effect of surface tension, then determine the final
level of water in the vessel (Given that atmospheric
pressure = 1 10 - 5 Nm- 2 , density of water
=1000 kg m- 3 and g = 10 ms -2 ).
20. The activity of a radioactive sample is found to be

109 dPs. While the mean life for the sample is
determined to be 1 ms . The mass of an atom of this
radioactive sample is 10 - 20 kg. The order of magnitude
of entire mass of the sample will be
Paper 2
1. A hemispherical bowl of radius R = 0.1 m is rotating
about its own axis (vertical) with the angular speed w. A
particle of mass 10 - 2 kg on the frictionless inner
surface of the bowl is also rotating with the same
angular speed. The particle is at a height h from the
bottom of bowl. Then, the relation between h and w can
be determined in order to get the minimum value of w
needed. In this way, the minimum value of w would be
found as
(a) 8.91 rad/s
(c) 6.29 rad/s
(b) 9.9 rad/s

(d) 5.41 rad/s
2. A block of mass 2 kg is kept in the groove along one of

the diameters of a circular disc moving on the smooth
horizontal floor. The friction between contacts is 0.4. If
the disc has a linear acceleration of 10 m/s2 in
horizontal, then acceleration of the block in the groove
with respect to the disc is (given angle between
direction of acceleration of disc and the groove is 45)
28
(a) 4.2 m/s 2
(b) 1.9 m/s 2
(d) 2.3 m/s 2
(c) 3.1 m/s
3. Consider the situation shown in figure below.

0.5 kg
k=2 N/m
m=0.2
Initially, the block of mass 0.5 kg is at rest and the

spring is unstretched. Suddenly, a short duration force
is acted upon the block because of which spring is
deformed upto a distance 0.03 m and comes to rest.
N
If the initial velocity of the block is given by v = ,
10
then the value of N will must be
(a) 5
(c) 8
(b) 6
(d) 9
4. A platform of mass 200 kg is kept on the smooth surface

of ice. A man starts to walk with a speed 20 cm/s
relative to the platform. The platform will recoil with a
velocity reactive to ice is equal to
(a) 0.2 m/s
(c) 0.05 cm/s
(b) 0.5 m/s

(d) 0.05 m/s
5. A uniform rod of mass m and length l is kept on smooth

horizontal surface with a speed v perpendicular to the
length of the rod. A particle of mass m0 strikes the rod.
The particle collides with the rod at a distance l/4 from
the central point of the rod. The angular velocity of the
rod about its centre just after the collision is given by
3m0v
ml
3ml
(c) w =
3m0v
3lv
mm0
3m0l
(d)
mv
(a) w =
(b)
6. Two massless spring toy guns carrying a ball made up

of steel having mass 0.02 kg are attached to the
platform. At a distance 01
. m from the centre on its
either sides along its diameter, each gun
simultaneously fires the ball horizontally and normal
to the diameter in opposite directions.
The plate is horizontal circular and free to rotate about
its axis. Its radius is 0.3 m while the mass is 0.5 kg.
Suppose, after leaving the platform, the balls have
horizontal speed of 6 m/s with respect to ground frame,
then the angular speed of platform while the ball
leaves the contact to the platform would be
(a) 1
(c) 3
(b) 2
(d) 6
7. A uniform cube of side length l and mass M is kept on a

rough horizontal surface. A force F of constant
magnitude is applied normally to one of its faces
normal to the horizontal surface.
The point of application of force is at a height 2 / 3 l
from the base surface and above the central point of the
face. Assuming that the cube does not move, the
minimum value of force for which the cube begins to
tip about the edge is
(a)
3mg
2
(b)
2 mg
3
(c)
4
mg
7
(d)
2
mg
5
8. A sphere is in state of impure rolling, i.e. rolling with

slipping on a horizontal surface with velocity of
translation v0 . The speed of rotation about its centre is
v0
. If the mass of sphere is M with radius R, then
3R
velocity of translation of the sphere while it just starts
the pure rolling, i.e. rolling without slipping is
17
v0
23
7
(c)
v0
23
17
v0
21
37
(d)
v0
39
(a)
(b)
9. A uniform ring of mass M and radius R is at just

vertically above a hollow spherical shell of mass m and
having radius equal to a uniform ring. The centre of the
ring is at a distance of 2R from the centre of the shell.
The gravitational force exerted by the sphere on the
ring is
(a)
(c)
3 Gm
27 mR
27 GmM
(b)
2 GmM
(d)
27 R 2
( M + m)
kx
M
( kx ) M
(d)
(m + M )
mkx
M + m
M + m
kx
(c)
m
(b)
(a)
12. Maximum amplitude of oscillation for which the upper

block will remain at the equilibrium with respect to the
lower block
m mg
kM
mg
(d)
k ( M + m)
mMg
mk
m ( M + m) g
(c)
k
(a)
(b)
Passage 2
An amount of positive charge 8 108 C is distributed uniformly
over the surface of a sphere of radius 2 cm. The surface is
covered by a concentric hollow spherical conductor of radius
4 cm.
GR 2
1
(b) n =
2p
1
(d) n =
2p
Passage 1
In the situation shown in the figure below,
k
blocks while the deformation in the spring is x, is
27 mM
A mass m is used to suspended with the help of this

wire of length L and cross-sectional area A.
The frequency of oscillation can be given by
YA
mL
YmA
L
11. The magnitude of frictional force exerting between the
R3
10. A wire has Youngs modulus of elasticity Y.
1
(a) n =
2p
1
(c) n =
2p
the frictional coefficient between the blocks is m. The masses

of lower and upper blocks are M and m, respectively. The
system is slightly displaced so that the maximum deformation
in the spring is greater than x.
m
M
YLA
m
Ym
AL
13. The value of electric field at a point 3 cm away from the

centre of two spheres is
(a) 0.8 10 5 NC -1
(b) 6.9 10 5 NC - 1
(c) 8 10 5 NC
(d) 8 10 5 NC - 1
14. If an amount of charge 7 10 - 8 C is given to the outer

sphere, then the surface charge density on it will
become
(a) 5.6 10 -9 C
(c) 1 10
-8
(b) 114
. 10 -8 C
(d) 15 10 - 8 C
29
Codes
A B
(a) 2 1
(c) 1 2
Passage 3
A photoelectric experiment is being performed. It was found
that the stopping potential decreases from 1.85 V to 0.89 V as
the wavelength of incident radiation is varied from 300 mm to
400 mm.
C D
3 4
4 3
Radiation
(c) yes, 412

. 10
Plate A
(b) yes, 189

. 10 - 16 eV - s
(d) yes, 3.42 10
eV -s
- 13
Plate B
Conducting wire
eV -s
A
16. If the value of work-function for metal surface is

f = 2.5 eV, then the kinetic energy (maximum) of
photoelectron (in joules) corresponding to wavelength
400 nm is
(a) 9.40 10 - 20
(b) 6.42 10 - 19
- 21
(d) 8.80 10 - 19
(c) 5.80 10
For this set up, some terms are given in Column I and
Column II in each one of column one is related to a
particular one present in Column II.
Column I
17. Two columns are given as each one of Column I

belongs to a particular one of Column II.
A. de-Broglie equation
B. Electric microscope
C. Electric potential
D. Electrical potential energy
Codes
A B
(a) 2 3
(c) 2 3
Codes
A
(a) 1
(b) 1
(c) 1
(d) 1
Column II
C D
4 1
1 4
1. Calculation of total charge

within a system
2. Duality of matter waves
3. Wave nature of light
4. Point charge in space
A
(b) 1
(d) 4
B
4
3
Column I
C D
4 2
4 3
3 4
2 4
Column I
Column II
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cathode
Flow of charge between A and B
Anode
Constituting current
device given in Column I is related to the phenomena

given in Column II, match them.
C D
3 2
1 2
of the Column I belongs to a particular one effective

term present in Column II.
Sharpness of an image
Angular magnification
Total internal reflection
Dispersion of light
B
3
2
2
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
20. Two columns are given in the question in which each
18. Two columns are given in question in which each one
A.
B.
C.
D.
Column II
Plate A
Plate B
Space charge
Ejected electrons
A.
B.
C.
D.
Matching Column Type
Column I
C D
4 3
2 4
given below:
altered value of Planck constant will be

- 15
B
1
1
19. For an experimental set up on photoelectric effect is
15. Will the value of Planck constant alter? If yes, then new
(a) yes, 2.89 10 - 14 eV -s
A
(b) 2
(d) 3
Heights of an object and image

Radius of aperture
Splitting of light
Rarer to denser medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Column II
Capacitor
Induction in insulator
Ideal transformer
Electric motor
Codes
A
(a) 1
(b) 1
(c) 3
(d) 1
B
2
3
2
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
Storage of charge
Rearrangement of charge
Power changing
Power constant
C D
3 4
2 4
1 4
4 3
Answers
Paper 1
1. (a,b,c)
11. ( 8)
2. (b,d)
12. (20)
3. (a,c)
13. (20)
4. (a,b,c)
14. (2)
5. (a,c)
15. (3)
6. (a,b)
16. (6)
7. (b)
17. (4)
8. (c,d)
18. (1)
9. (b,c,d)
19. (0)
10. (b,c)
20. (17)
Paper 2
1. (b)
11. (a)
2. (c)
12. (c)
3. (d)
13. (c)
4. (d)
14. (d)
5. (a)
15. (c)
6. (a)
16. (a)
7. (b)
17. (a)
8. (c)
18. (b)
9. (c)
19. (d)
Detailed solutions of these questions are available on http://www.arihantbooks.com/Physics%20Spectrum.pdf
30
10. (a)
20. (d)

Paper 1
3. (a, c) Consider diagramatic representation of the situation
1. (a, b, c) The acceleration of centre of mass of two block system
m,+q
F
M
where,
M = total mass of the system = m + m = 2 m
F
acm =
2m
The distance moved by centre of mass in time t
1 F 2 Ft 2
1
x = acmt 2 =
t =
2
4m
2 2 m
acm =
m,q
Now, the position of centre of mass can be given as

mx1 + mx 2
x=
2m
where,
x1 = distance moved by first block
and
x 2 = distance moved by second block
Ft 2
Ft 2 x1 + x 2
... (i)
=
x1 + x 2 =
2m
4m
2
Now, deformation (net) in the spring is
... (ii)
x 2 - x1 = x 0
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
1 Ft 2
1 Ft 2
x1 =
- x 0 and x 2 =
+ x0
2 2 m
2 2 m
2. (b,d) The situation can be shown in figure below.
4. (a, b, c) Consider an elementary volume of gas at the distance x and
vf
x + dx from the fixed end. Let, the pressure corresponding to these

distances is p and p + dp. The force acting on the element towards
vx
its centre is Adp
q,m
For a instance suppose, the axis of dipole makes an angle q with

the flow of electric field.
At this instant, the torque on the dipole is given by t = P E
= PE sin q
If the value of q is small, then
t = PE q (Q lim sin q = q)
q0
t q,
where,
PE = constant
The moment of inertia of the system (dipole) about its axis of
ml 2 ml 2
rotation. = 2
=
2
2
t 2 qE
Thus, angular acceleration a = =
q = w2 q
I
ml
2 qE
where,
w2 =
a q
ml
ml
Therefore, the time period, T = 2 p
2 qE
This shows the motion is simple harmonic.
vy
dx
++++++++++
The force on charged particle in electric field

F = qE
f qE
Acceleration of charged particle, a =
=
m m
The direction of acceleration is parallel to electric field.
The horizontal velocity v is always constant during the motion of
charged particle because there is no acceleration in horizontal
direction i.e v x = v
Also, the area of plate is l 2.
Side length of square plate = l.
The time taken by charged particle to cross length of plate is t =
l
v
qlE
mv 2 + qlE
=
mv
mv
and distance covered in y-direction.
vy = v +
where, dm = mass of elementary volume of the gas.

Now, using ideal gas equation, pV = nRT , we get
dm
RT
pA dx =
M
MpA
dm =
dx
RT
Putting the value of dm in Eq. (i), we get
MpA 2
Adp =
w x dx
RT
p 2 dp
d Mw 2
On integrating,
=
w 2 x dx
0 RT
p
p
1
qEl 2
1 2 1 qE l
at =
=
2
2 m v
2 mv 2
Now, the displacement of charged particle
sy =
p Mw 2d 2
p
Mw 2d 2
In 2 =
2 =e
2
2 RT
p
RT
p
1
1
p1 / p2 = e
Mw 2d 2
2RT
5. (a, c) The force applied by the gas on the piston is
qEl
2
s = s y2 + s x2 =
+l
2 mv 2
As, the elementary volume of the gas is going on the circle of

radius x. Therefore, Adp =(dm ) w 2 x
... (i)
Now, the final velocity of charged particle along y-direction.

qE l
l
v y = v + at = v +
Qt =
m v
v
(Q s x = l )
F = p0 A + kx
where, x = small upward movement of piston. i.e. compression in
spring
31
and
p0 = initial pressure
Now, work done during the motion of piston upto 20 cm in upward
direction
W =
l = 20 cm
0
Fdx =
l = 20 cm
0
(as, p0V0 = nRTi )

p Al + kl 2 klTi
Tf = Ti + 0
+
nR
Ap0
= 300 +
300 20 10 - 2 300
93
+
1 8.3 30 10 - 4 150 10 3
= 300 + 112
. + 40 = 35.12 K 351 K
6. (a, b) Suppose the piston is displaced through a distance x above

the line of the equilibrium.
Then, increase in volume of the gas
DV = area of cross-section displacement of the piston from
equilibrium line.
DV = Ax
Since, process is perfectly adiabatic.
So,
pV g = constant
Taking ln on both sides, we get
ln p + g ln V = constant
Dp
DV
- gp
DV
+g
= constant Dp =
V
p
V
Now, the resultant force acting on the piston is
- A2g p0
g p0
Fr = A Dp = - A
DV =
x = - kx
V0
V0
where,
k=
A2g p0
V0
Fr - x
(Similar to restoring force acting in SHM).
This force will behave as a restoring force for the oscillation of
piston in cylinder and clearly the motion of piston will be of simple
harmonic nature. The time period of oscillation
2p 2p
T=
=
w
k
m
where, m = mass of piston.
m
=2p
T =2p
A2g p0
V0
mV0
A2g p0
n=
( p0 A + kx ) dx
1
= p0 Al + kl 2
2
Here l = total movement of piston in upward direction.
W = (150 10 3 30 10 - 4 20 10 - 2 )
1
+ 300 400 10 - 4
2
W = 90 + 6 = 96 J
Now, the initial temperature is Ti = 300 K
Suppose, the final temperature of the gas becomes Tf , then from
ideal gas equation, nRT = pV
We have
kl
nRTf = pf Vf = p0 + ( V0 + Al )
A
lnRTi
nRTf = nRTi + p0 Al + kl 2 + k
Ap0
Also, the frequency of SHM

1
2p
mV0
1
2p
A2gp0
mV0
A2g p0
7. (b) As the capacitor is charged by a battery till the magnitude of

charge appeared on the plates of the capacitor is Q 0 (say). Now, for
the discharging of capacitor, the charge on capacitor after time t is
Q = Q 0 e - t / RC
On differentiating above equation, we get
dQ - Q 0 - t / RC
i=
=
e
dt RC
From Joule's law of heating, the heated dissipated in time range
t 2 = 50 ms 2
t2 Q2
25 to 14 m s is U =
i Rdt =
e - 2t / RC dt
t 1 = 25 ms
t1
RC 2
Q2
...(i)
U = 0 [e -2t 1 / RC - e - 2t 2 / RC ]
2C
Here, the term RC is called the time constant of the circuit and
denoted by t
t = RC = 5 5 10- 6 = 25 ms
Now, putting the values of t1 = 25 ms, t 2 = 50 ms and RC = 25ms in
Eq. (i), we get
(20 mC )2 - 2
U=
(e
- e - 4 ) = 4.7 10 - 6 J = 4.7 mJ
2 5 mF
8. (c,d) As the electron enters the region of magnetic field with an

angle of incidence 45 i.e. smaller than 90, so, its velocity has two
components at any time due to which electron will go on a circular
track of radius
m v
R= e
eB
where,
v = velocity of electron
me = mass of electron
and
e = electric charge
Consider from the figure given in question,
MAD = 90
(since, AE = tangent to the circle and OE = radius of the circle)
and
MAQ = 45
Also,
OAB = 45
As,
OA = OB (radii of the same circle)
OBA = OAB = 45
Now, OB is perpendicular to the tangent to the circle.
i.e. OB is perpendicular to the velocity at point to exit of the
electron.
q = 45
Now, from the DOAB, we get
m v
AB = 2 . OA cos OAB = 2 . e . cos 45
eB
2 (1.6 10 - 27 kg )(10 8 ms - 1 ) 1
= 70 cm
=
(1.6 10 - 19 C )(2 T )
2
9. (b, c, d) As the charge on the particle is of negative nature, so it will

go in a direction apposite to the electric field in influence of electric
field i.e. the motion of particle is along positive y-axis.
Also the magnetic field is along negative z-axis. This emplies the
magnetic force vector lies in xy -plane.
Vectorially E = - E $j
and
B = - Bk$
Given,
32
1
=
T
u = u x $i + u y $j
The force on the charged particle is F = - q (E = u B )

= qE$j + eB (u y $i - u x $j )
11. (-8) At distance of closest approach, the kinetic energy of charged
Which emplies Fx = qu y B and Fy = q ( E - u x B )

\ Net force in magnitude
Fnet = ( Fx )2 + ( Fy )2 = [(qu y B )2 + [q ( E - u x B )]2
Now, components of acceleration are
du
q
du
qB
ax = x =
u y and a y = y = ( E - u x B )
dt
m
dt
m
d 2u y - qB du x - qB qB
Also
.
uy
=
=
m m
m dt
dt 2
=where,
q 2B 2
q B
m2
d uy
dt 2
-uy
m2
This equation is similar to that for SHM and thus we can write
u y = A sin ( wt + d)
10. (b, c) The situation can be digramatic as
=
P
x
Suppose, initially the particle is at point P such that MP = d . The

magnetic field is along ( - ) ve z - axis. Thus, the magnetic force on
the charged particle will lie in xy-plane, the speed of the charged
particle will remain unchanged. If the magnetic field is not uniform,
the path followed by the particle is not circular.
The force on the particle after time t, is
- m 0I $
k
F = q[v B] = q( v x i$ + v y $j )
2 pd
m I
m I
= qv x 0 $j - qv y 0
2 pd
2 pd
where
v x = x-component of velocity
and
v y = y - component of velocity
F
m qI
... (i)
Also,
ax = x = - 0
vy
m
2 pmd
dv
dv
... (ii)
Also,
a x = x = vx x
dt
dx
2
2
2
Now,
v = vx + vy
On differentiating, we get,
( \ v = constant)
2 v xdv x + 2 v ydv y = 0
... (iii)
v xdv x = - v y dv y
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii) we get
dv
dv y
dx
m qI v
... (iv)
vy y = 0 y
=
dx 2 pm x
x m 0qI
2 pm
6.65 10 2 7.68 10 6.65

2 7.68 9.1
38
23
23
34
9.1 10 -
10 -
31
6.65
=
10 11.8
= 0.56 10 -
l = 5.6 10 - 8 m
The order of magnitude of l is - 8.
12. (20) Suppose, A is point of suspension and B is centre of gravity.

Therefore, length between point A and B =
l
2
l
Now, moment of inertia of the rod about point B i.e. = ICG + m
2
ml 2 ml 2 ml 2
+
=
12
4
3
Now, period of oscillation,
=
T =2p
I
=2p
mg ( l / 2 )
ml 2
3 =2p
mgl
2
2l
3g
... (i)
According to the question

The time period T is equal to the time period of simple pendulum
of string length x (say)
... (ii)
T =2p x / g
Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get
2l
2p
3g
T
2l
=
x=
T 2p x / g
3
Given length, l = 30 cm x =
At the minimum separation, v x = 0 and v y = - v

Integrating Eq. (iv) within the limits, we get
dx
1
x 0 x = m 0 qI
2 pm
9 10 9 1.6 1.6 50 10 -
15 10 - 15
9 1.6 1.6 5
=
10 - 23 = 7.68 10 15
h
Now, the de-Broglie wavelength l =
2 m K E
where, KE = initial kinetic energy

1 (1.6 10 - 19 )( 50 1.6 10 - 19 )
KE =
4 pe 0
15 10 - 15 m
=
= w 2 = constant
Y
I
Now, conservation of total the chemical energy of the system

1 q1q 2
KE i + U i = K E f + U f K E + 0 = 0 +
4 pe 0 d
uy
particle is zero. Thus, at the distance of 15 fm from the nucleus the

kinetic energy of charged particle is zero. The potential energy of
two charged particle system having charges q1 and q 2 separated by
a distance d is given by
1 q1q 2
U=
4p e0 d
2 30 cm
= 20 cm
3
13. (20) Suppose, the first overtone of an organ pipe A is given by
- v
dvy
f1 =
2 pm
x
v
==ln
. v x = x0 e
m 0qI
x0
m 0qI
2 pm
This is the expression for minimum separation.
2pmv
m 0qI
3v
4 l1
where, v is wave speed.

and fundamental frequency of organ pipe B is
v
f=
2 l2
33
As per question,
f1 = f
Now, charge per unit length l = pR 2s
3v
v
=
l 2 = 20 cm
4 30 2 l 2
Thus, the length of second organ pipe i.e. B is 20 cm.
14. (2) Let x be the compression in the spring then from conservation of
total mechanical energy of spring block system
1
mg ( h + x ) = kx 2
2
Given,
m = 50 g, g = 10 m / s 2
... (i)
ER =
ER =
direction.
... (i)
where, I = current through the wires.

Now, the magnitude of magnetic field while current is in mutually
opposite directions.
m I
m 0I
... (ii)
B2 = 0 2 pd 2 p (d 0 - d )
d
Putting the value d = 0 in Eq. (i), we get
3
3 m 0I 3 m 0I 3 m 0I
B1 =
=
2 pd 0 4 pd 0 4 pd 0
Now, radius of path followed by charged particle in presence of
magnetic field B, is
mv
... (iii)
r1 =
qB1
where, m = mass of charged particle
and v = velocity of charged particle.
d
Similarly, putting the value of d = 0 in Eq. (ii), we get the radius of
3
charged particle corresponding to magnetic field B2 is
9 m 0I
... (iv)
r2 =
4 pd 0
where,
\
34
l =1
V = pR 2
pR 3s
23 s R
/ 4R 2 =
6
96 e 0
23 s R
16 Ke 0
1
1
mv 2 - 0 W = mv 2
2
2
dW
As we know that pav =
= p (say)
dt
pdt = dW pt = W
2 pt
2 0.8 4
6.4 ~
=
v=
=
- 3.6 m / s
0.5
m
0.5
[ v ] = 3.6
Thus, answer is 4.
W =
15. (3) The magnitude of magnetic field while current is in same
V = pR 2 ( l )
... (ii)
So, on comparing these two values of E R ,we get K = 6
Therefore, separation between images = v1 - v 2

- 2cm
= 12 .8 - 111
. = 17
. cm ~
16. (6) The volume of unit length of cylinder is
R
.s
2
17. (4) From work energy theorem,
u = u 2 = - (25 - 1.32 ) = - 23.68

- 23.68 ( - 12 ) ~
- 111
.
- 23.68 + 12
Dividing Eq. (iii) by Eq. (iv), we get

9 m 0I
r1 B2 4 pd 0 9 4
The ratio of r1 and r2 is =
= =9/3=3
=
r2 B1 3 m 0 I 4 3
4 pd 0
pR 2s
1
4 pe 0R 4 pe 0
... (i)
But given that
Then, for the same mirror, v = v 2 =
m 0I
m 0I
+
2 pd 2 p (d 0 - d )
4
p
3
pR 3s
6
Putting these values in Eq. (i), we get

x = 1.52 cm and x = - 1.32 cm.
Now, from mirror formula
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
Here,
u = u 1 = - (25 + 1.52 ) = - 26.52 cm
f = - 12 cm
u f
- 26.52 ( - 12 ) ~
Then,
v = v1 = 1 =
- 12 .8
u -f
- 26.52 + 12
B1 =
where, Q = charge on spherical cavity and Q =

=
k = 500 Nm - 1
Also when,
At point P at a distance 2 R from the geometrical axis of the

cylinder, the magnitude of net electric field, E R = ET - EC
l
1
Q
=
2 pe 0(2 R ) 4 pe 0 (2 R )2
... (i)
... (ii)
18. (1) Given, I = 0.5 unit

r = 0.1 unit
Mass of hanging block = 5 unit
Assume that smaller pulley is light or weightless.
For the motion of block, mg - T = ma
where, T = tension developed in the pulley.
Ia
and
T r = Ia T = [Qa = a ]
r2
Now, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
mg
5 10
a=
a=
0.5
(m + I / r 2 )
5+
( 0.1)2
50
50
= 0.9 unit 1 unit
=
=
5 + 0.5 100 55
... (i)
... (ii)
So, acceleration can be given by 1 unit as nearest integral value.
19. (0) Assume that the temperature of air above the water surface in
sealed vessel is to be constant.
\ pV = constant
Let the initial pressure is p0, then the final pressure exerted by the
air
p = p0 - rgh
where, r = density of water
p0 [ A ( 400 - h ) = pA ( 400 - 100 )
pA ( 400 - h ) = pA ( 300 )
h = 100 mm
So, the required level of water in vessel is h -100 i.e. 100 - 100 = 0
There is no water left in vessel.
20. (-17) As we know that activity of a radioactive sample A = - dN = lN
Drawing free body diagram of block

N
dt
1
A =
N
tmean
N = A tmean = total number of atoms.

Given that mass of one atom is 10 - 20 kg.
Therefore, total mass of radioactive sample (sup pose , M )
So, M = (Number of atoms) (mass of one atom)
= ( A)(tmean )( M ) = 10 9 10 - 6 10 - 20 = 10 - 17
ma cos 45
1. (b) Consider the diagram shown below.

Hemispherical ball
Nq
Rh
r
h
mg
Given, R = 0.1 m and m = 10 -2 kg

r
From above figure, tan q =
r-h
... (i)
Free body diagram of the particle

q
N sin q
N cos q
mg
r
The FBD gives N cos q =
r-h
and
... (ii)
N sin q = m w 2r
... (iii)
Dividing Eq. (iii) by Eq. (ii), we get

rw 2
tan q =
g
... (iv)
Now, comparing Eq. (i) and Eq. (iv), we get

r
rw 2
=
R-h
g
w2 = g / R - h
Value of spring constant, K = 2 N/m

Coefficient of friction, m = 0.2
and deformation in spring = 0.3 m
Now, according to work-energy theorem, we know that work done
by all the forces = change in KE
Work done by spring force
+ work done by friction = Initial KE - final KE
1 2
1
kx + mmg x = mv 2 - 0
2
2
2 mmgx + kx 2
m
v=
2 0.2 0.5 9.8 0.3 - 2 ( 0.3 )2

0.588 - 0.18
=
= 0.9 m/s
0.5
0.5
Now, according to question v = N / 10 = 0.9 = N = 9
=
4. (d) Consider the situation shown below,

w
V
Platform
Smooth surface of ice
For non-zero value of h,

R > g / w 2 or w > g / R
Therefore, the minimum value of angular speed i.e. w should be
9.8
= 9.89 rad/s
wmin = g / R =
0.1
2. (c) Consider a disc with a groove along AB is shown in figure below.

45
Block
a=10 m/s 2
Groove
vertical
mg
3. (d) Given, mass of the block = 0.5 kg
h = R - g / w2
Direction of
acceleration of disc
For vertical equilibrium of block, N = mg.

Now, applying Newton's second law for the motion of block in the
groove. Net force on the block = mass acceleration of the block
in direction of net force.
ma cos 45 - f = m a g
where,
f = friction between two surfaces
and
a g = acceleration of the block
ma cos 45 - f
{Q f = mN = mmg}
ag =
m
1
20
2 10
- 0.4 2 9.8
- 0.8 9.8
2
=
= 2
2
2
14.142 - 7.84
=
= 3.15 m/s 2
2
So, option (c) is very close to answer.
Paper 2
45
(Pseuelo force) ma
The order of magnitude of entire mass of sample is - 17.
Groove
Suppose the speed of walking man is w and plateform recoils with

speed V as shown in the figure above.
Thus, the speed of man relative to the plateform is V + w
V + w = v = 200 cm/s
If we consider the plateform and the man to be a system then, no
external force is acting on the system.
Thus, the linear momentum of the system will remain conserved,
which implies MV - mw = 0
where, M is taken as the mass of plateform and m is taken as the
mass of the man.
mv
60 20 10 -2
MV = m ( v - V ) V =
=
M+m
200 + 60
1200 10 -2
= 0.046 ~
- 0.05 m/s
260
The required velocity of plateform is 0.05 m/s.
=
35
The moment of friction about point C is zero, because it passes

through point C.
a
$ 3a $
Clearly,
j + mg ( - $j ) ( - i$ ) 0
Fi
4
2
5. (a) The situation can be figured as below.

m
x0
P
l/4
m0
m0
Before striking
After striking
Suppose, the velocity of the centre of the rod is V and angular

velocity about the central point of the rod is w.
In this case, the linear momentum of the system will remain
conserved.
\
m 0v = mV
m
V= 0 v
m
Initially, the rod is at the rest.
The angular momentum of particle about the line perpendicular to
the plane of the figure of rod at rest, then
L = m 0v ( l / 4 )
Now, angular momentum of rod about the central point P of the
rod
L = L cm + mx 0 v
As, x 0 is parallel to v, then x 0 v = 0
L = L cm
Hence, angular momentum of rod to the line perpendicular to the
plane of the figure of the rod at rest, is
ml 2
L = Iw =
w
12
2
m 0vl ml
3 m 0v
Thus,
=
w w=
4
12
ml
6. (a) Let mass of steel ball = m = 0.02 kg

and mass of the plate = M = 0.05 kg
Applying conservation of angular momentum of the system,
we get
MR 2
2 mvr w=0
2
where, v, r, R and w have their usual meanings.
4 m v r 4 0.02 6 0.1 0.048
w=
=
=
= 1.06 1
0.045
( 0.5) ( 0.3 )2
MR 2
7. (b) The situation can be figured as below.

N
F
l/2
Y (J)
l
(0,0)
a $
(- k ) 0
2
mg ( a / 2 )
F
3 ( a / 4)
F 2 mg / 3
Therefore, the minimum value of F is
2 mg
. i.e. Fmin = 2 mg / 3.
3
8. (c) For the case of sphere is in impure rolling, v0 >w 0r

w=
v0
3R
v0
R
Friction P
(f)
The acceleration produced by the fraction in the direction

opposite to translation of sphere is given as
acm = f / M
Let the sphere starts pure rolling after time t.
Hence, velocity of the sphere after time t is
f
... (i) (Q v = u + at )
vt = v 0 - t
M
The torque produced by the friction, about the centre of the
sphere is t = Rf, in direction of rotation of sphere.
t
fR
5f
=
\ Angular acceleration a = =
I 2
2 MR
2
mR
5
The angular velocity after time t is
v
5f
wt = w 0 + at = 0 +
t
3 R 2 MR
Now, the sphere is in state of pure rolling (after t), then
vt = Rwt
5ft v 0 5ft
v
=R 0 +
+
=
3 R 2 MR 3 2 M
X (I)
in forward direction.
9. (c) The situation can diagramated as below

m
Friction
(f)
C
mg
As there is no translational motion of block i.e. net resultant force

one the block is zero.
N = mg and f = F
Now, the cube begins to tip about the edge net torque acting on
the cube is greater than equal to zero.
i.e.
t net 0
36
... (ii)
For elimination of t, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

5
v
vt = 0 + ( v 0 - vt )
3 2
5
v
5
vt + vt = 0 + v 0
2
3 2
17 2
17
7
17
v0 =
v0
vt =
v 0 vt =
6 7
21
2
6
Thus, sphere will start pure rolling with speed of translation
2/3l
3a
F k$ + mg
4
3a
a
F mg
4
2
Ring
R
2 R=d (say)
Spherical
shell
R
m
17
v0
21
The gravitational field due to the ring at a distance d on its axial

point is
2 GM
GMd
=
E=
( R 2 + d 2 )3/ 2
27 R 2
Therefore, force on a particle of mass m, kept at the same point is,
F = mE (in magnitude)
F = ( 2 GM / 27 R 2 )m
10. (a) As the wire is of elastic nature, so the force constant of wire,
YA
L
Compare this SHM as the oscillation made by spring block
system. As we know that for the SHM,
K=
Frequency, n =
1
2p
K
1
n=
m
2p
YA

L
m
1
2p
YA
mL
11. (a) The acceleration of the blocks while the deformation in the spring
(helical) is x, is
a = - w2x =
- kx
M+m
where, w = angular frequency of oscillation

Now, force on upper block = ma
- kx
F=m
M + m
F=
mkx
(in magnitude)
M+m
This force is provided by the friction, on the lower block, so that it

remains at the state of equilibrium of the upper block with respect
to lower block.
Draw a Gaussian surface through the material of the hollow

spherical conductor.
The electric field inside the material is zero. Which implies the flux
i.e. E ds through the Gaussian surface is zero.
As the charge on inner surface is - 8 10 - 8C but total charge
given to hollow spherical conductor is 7 10 - 8.
Thus, charged appeared on outer surface must be,
= 7 10 - 8 + 8 10 - 8 = 15 10 - 8C
15. (c) As the value of stopping potential is going to be changed with

varied wavelength, the value of Plancks constant will must be
altered.
hc
The photoelectric equation is, Kmax =
-f
l
K
hc f
and stopping potential is, V = max =
le e
e
Suppose, V1 and V2 are the stopping potentials corresponding to
wavelengths l1 and l 2 respectively, then we can write
hc f
hc
f
V1 =
- and V2 =
l1e e
l 2e e
or
12. (c) As the maximum friction required for SHM of the upper block is
MKA
, when the amplitude of oscillation is A. Thus, the friction
(m + M )
m (M + m) g
MKA
A=
mmg =
(M + m)
K
This is the expression for amplitude of simple harmonic motion
(SHM).
hc 1
1
e l1 l 2
e ( V1 - V2 )
e (1.85 V - 0.82 V )
=
h=
1
1
1
1
c - c
300 10 - 9 m - 400 10 - 9m
l1 l 2
1.03 eV
-15
= 4.12 10 eV -s
=
1
10 7 m - 1
3 10 8 ms - 1
12
V1 - V2 =
16. (a) As we know that the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectron,
Given
hc
-f
l
h = 4.12 10 - 15 eV -s = 4.12 10 - 15 1.6 10 - 19 J-s
and
l = 400 nm = 4 10 -7 m
Kmax =
13. (d) The solution can be diagramated as
f = 2 .5 eV = 2 .5 1.6 10 -19 J
x
Kmax =
4.12 1.6 10 -
34
4 10 -
3 10 8
- 2.5 1.6 10 - 19 J
= 4.94 10 - 19 - 4 10 - 19 J
Suppose, we have to find the electric field at point A. All the points
on the surface drawn through P are equivalent and hence fields at
all the points on this surface are of equal in magnitude and along
radial directions.
Then, flux through the surface
f = E ds = Eds = E ds = E 4 px 2
17. (a) de-Broglie equation Duality of matter waves, Electric
From Gauss's law,
18. (b) Sharpness of an image Radius of aperture, Angular
f = E 4 px 2 =
q
q
E=
e0
4 p e0 x2
Given,
q = 8 10 - 8C and x = 3 cm = 3 10 - 2 m
Then,
E=
8 10 ( 3 10 -
8
2
9 10 9 NC - 1 E = 8 10 5 NC - 1
2)
14. (d) The solution can be diagramated as shown below.
= 0.94 10 - 19 J = 9.4 10 -
20
microscope Wave nature of light, Electric potential Point

charge in space, Electrical potential energy Calculation of total
charge with in a system.
magnification Heights of an object and image, Total internal
reflection Rarer to denser medium, Dispersium of light Splitting
of light.
19. (d) Plate A Cathode, Plate B A node, Space charge Flow of

charge between A and B, Ejected electrons Constituting current.
20. (d) Capacitor Storage of charge, Induction Rearrangement of

charge, Ideal transformer Power constant, Electric motor
power changing.
37
Instructions
This test consists of 30 questions.

Each question is allotted 4 marks for correct response.
Candidates will be awarded marks as stated above for correct response of each
question. 1/4 marks will be deducted for indicating incorrect response of each
question. No deduction from the total score will be made if no response is
indicated for an item in the answer sheet.
There is only one correct response for each question. Filling up more than one
response in any question will be treated as wrong response and marks for wrong
response will be deducted according as per instructions.
1. Two full turns of the circular scale of a screw gauge

cover a distance of 1 mm on its main scale. The total
number of divisions on the circular scale is 50.
Further, it is found that the screw gauge has a zero
error of 0.03 mm. While measuring the diameter of a
thin wire, a student notes the main scale reading
of 3 mm and the number of circular scale divisions
in line with the main scale of 35. The diameter of
wire is
(a) 3.32 mm
(c) 3.67 mm
(b) 3.73 mm
(d) 3.38 mm
2. A juggler maintains four balls in motion making

each of them to rise a height of 20 m from his hand.
What time interval should he maintain for the
proper distance between them? (g = 10 m / s2 )
(a) 3 s
(c) 1 s
(b) 3/2 s
(d) 2 s
3. A ball of mass (m) 0.5 kg is attached to the end of a

string having length (l) 0.5 m. The ball is rotated on
a horizontal circular path about vertical axis. The
maximum tension that the string can bear is 324 N.
The maximum possible value of angular velocity of
ball (in rad/s) is
(a) 9
(c) 27
(b) 18
(d) 36
4. A coin is placed on a horizontal platform which

undergoes vertical simple harmonic motion of
angular frequency w. The amplitude of oscillation is
gradually increased. The coin will leave contact
with the platform for the first time
(a) at the mean position of the platform

(b) for an amplitude of g/w 2
(c) for an amplitude of g 2 / w 2
(d) at the height position of the platform
5. A mass m moves with a velocity v and collides

inelastically with another identical mass. After
collision, the 1st mass moves with velocity v / 3 in a
direction perpendicular to the initial direction of
motion. Find the speed of the second mass after
collision.
(a) v
2
v
3
(c)
(b) 3v
v
(d)
3
6. A thin ring of mass 2 kg and radius 0.5 m is rolling

without slipping on a horizontal plane. With
velocity 1 m/s. A small ball of mass 0.1 kg moving
with velocity 20 m/s in the opposite directions, hits
the ring at a height of 0.75 m and goes vertically up
with velocity 10 m/s. Immediately after the collision,
(a) the ring has pure rotation about its stationary centre of
mass
(b) the ring comes to a complete stop
(c) friction between the ring and the ground is to the left
(d) there is no friction between the ring and the ground
7. Power supplied to a particle to mass 2 kg varies with

3t 2
watt. Here, t is in second. If
time as P =
2
velocity of particle at t = 0. The velocity of particle at
time t = 2 s will be
(a) 1 m/s
(c) 2 m/s
(b) 4 m/s
(d) 2 2 m/s
8. In one-dimensional collision of two particles,

velocities are interchanged when
(i) collision is elastic and masses are equal.
(ii) collision is inelastic but masses are unequal.
Select the correct alternative.
(a) Only (i) is correct
(b) Only (ii) is correct
(c) Both (i) and (ii) are correct
(d) Both (i) and (ii) are wrong
19
9. A non-zero external force acts on a system of
16. Speed of sound wave is v. If a reflector moves
particles. The velocity and the acceleration of the

centre of mass are found to be v0 and a0 at an instant
t. It is possible if
towards a stationary source emitting waves of

frequency f with speed u, the wavelength of
reflected wave will be
(a) v 0 = 0, a0 = 0
(c) v 0 0, a0 = 0
v
v
v
(c)
v
(b) v 0 = 0, a0 > 0
(d) v 0 0, a0 0
10. A rod of weight w supported by two parallel knife

edges A and B is in equilibrium in a horizontal
position. The knives are at a distance d from each
other. The centre of mass of the rod is at a distance x
from A. The normal reactions at A and B are
(a) NB = 2 w(1 - x /d ), NA = wx /d
(b) NB = w(1 - x /d ), NA = wx /d
(c) NB = 2 w(1 - x /d ), NA = 2 wx /d
x
(d) NB = wx /d , NA = w 1 -
d
distance r, the gravitational potential at a point on

the line joining them where the gravitational field is
zero, is
4 Gm
r
9 Gm
(c) r
(b) -
6 Gm
r
(d) zero
12. Two particles execute simple harmonic motion of

the same amplitude and frequency along close
parallel lines. They pass each other moving in
opposite directions each time their displacement is
half of their amplitude. Their phase difference is
5p
6
p
(c)
6
(a)
-u
f
+u
+u
f
-u
v +u
f
v
v -u
(d)
f
v
(b)
17. In a double slit experiment, the separation between

the slits is d = 0.25 cm and the distance of the screen
is D = 100 cm from the slits. If the wavelength of light
used is h = 6000 and I0 is the intensity of the
central bright fringe, the intensity at a distance
y = 4 10-5 m from the central maximum is
(b) I0 /2
(d) I0 / 3
(a) I0
(c) 3I0 / 4
11. Two bodies of masses m and 4m are placed at a
(a) -
(a)
4p
3
2p
(d)
3
(b)
18. A ray of light is incident on a parallel slab of

thickness t and refractive index n. If the angle of
incidence q is small, then the lateral displacement in
the incident and emergent ray will be
tq( n - 1)
n
tqn
(c)
n-1
tq
n
tq( n + 1)
(d)
n
(a)
(b)
19. The plate separation in a parallel plate condenser is

d and plate area is A. If it is charged to V volt and
battery is disconnected, then the work done in
increasing the plate separation to 2d will be
3 e0 AV 2
2 d
2 e AV 2
(c) o
d
e0 AV 2
d
e0 AV 2
(d)
2d
(a)
(b)
13. A wooden cube floating in water supports a mass
20. A capacitor is filled with an insulator and a certain
m = 0.2 kg on its top. When the mass is removed, the

cube rise by 2 cm. The side of the cube is (density of
water = 103 kg/m3 )
potential difference is applied to its plates. The

energy stored in the capacitor is U. Now, the
capacitor is disconnected from the source and the
insulator is pulled out of the capacitor. The work
performed against the forces of electric field is
pulling out the insulator is 4U. The dielectric
constant of the insulator is
(a) 6 cm
(c) 8 cm
(b) 12 cm
(d) 10 cm
14. If one million tiny droplets of water of the same

radius coalesce into one larger drop, the ratio of the
surface energy of the larger drop to the total surface
energy of all the droplets will be
(a) 1 : 10
(c) 1 : 10 4
(b) 1 : 10 2
(d) 1 : 10 6
15. The ratio of intensities between two coherent sound

sources is 4 : 1. The difference of loudness in decibel
(dB) between maximum and minimum intensities,
when they interfere in space is
(a) 10 log 2
(c) 10 log 3
20
(b) 20 log 3
(d) 20 log 2
(a) 4
(c) 5
(b) 8
(d) 3
21. For the circuit shown in the figure below

I
2 kW
R1
24 V
6 kW
R2
RL
1.5 W
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
the current I through the battery is 6 mA

the potential difference across R L is 18 V
ratio of powers dissipated in R1 and R 2 is 3
if R1 and R 2 are interchanged, magnitude of the power
dissipated in R L will decrease by a factor of 9
22. When two identical batteries of internal resistance

1 W each are connected in series across a resistor R,
the rate of heat produced in R is J1 . When the same
batteries are connected in parallel across R1 , the rate
is J2 . If J1 = 2.25 J2 , then the value of R in W is
(a) 4
(c) 4.8
(b) 6
(d) 5.16
23. A current i A, flows along an infinitely long straight

thin walled tube, then the magnetic induction at any
point inside the tube is
(a) infinite
m 2i
(c) 0 T
4p r
(b) zero
2i
(d) T
r
(b) 4
(d) 6
27. A coil of metal wire is kept stationary with its plane

perpendicular to uniform magnetic field directed
along the positive x-axis. The current induced in the
coil
(a) circulates in anti-clockwise direction when viewed from the
x-axis
(b) circulates in clockwise direction when viewed from the
x-axis
(c) is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field
(d) is zero
28. A charged particle q is shot towards another

charged particle Q which is fixed, with a speed v. It
approaches Q upto a closest distance r and then
returns. If q was given a speed 2v, the closest
distance of approach would be
q
24. The turn ratio of a transformer is 2 :4 . An electrolytic

DC cell of emf 12 V is connected to its primary
winding. The output voltage across transformer is
(a) zero
(c) 2.4 V
(a) 3
(c) 5
(b) 2 r
(d) r / 4
(a) r
(c) r /2
29. The circuit has two oppositely connected ideal

diodes in parallel. What is the current flowing in the
circuit?
(b) 4 V
(d) 12 V
25. At time t = 0, a battery of 10 V is connected across
4W
points A and B in the given circuit. If the capacitors

have no charge initially, at what time (in second)
does the voltage across them become 4 V?
2 mF
2 MW
A
(a) 2
(c) 2.5
12 V
(a) 1.71 A
(c) 2.31 A
B
D1
D2
3W
2W
(b) 2.00 A
(d) 1.33 A
30. To get an output y = 1 from the circuit shown the
2 mF
2 MW
input A, B and C must be respectively
(b) 3
(d) 3/2
A
B
C
26. Image of an object approaching a convex mirror of

radius of curvature 20 m along its optical axis is
25
50
m to
m in 30 s. What is
observed to move from
3
7
the speed of the object in kmh -1 ?
(a) 0, 1, 0
(b) 1, 0, 0
(c) 1, 0, 1
(d) 1, 1, 0
Answers
1. (d)
11. (c)
21. (d)
2. (d)
12. (d)
22. (a)
3. (d)
13. (d)
23. (b)
4. (b)
14. (b)
24. (a)
5. (c)
15. (b)
25. (a)
6. (c)
16. (c)
26. (a)
7. (c)
17. (c)
27. (d)
8. (a)
18. (a)
28. (d)
9. (d)
19. (d)
29. (b)
10. (d)
20. (c)
30. (c)
Detailed solution of these questions are available on http://www.arihantbooks.com/Physics%20Spectrum.pdf
21

\ Velocity of second mass after collision
1. (d) Given, main scale reading = 3 mm
Circular scale reading = 35

Zero error = 0 .03 mm
Now, the diameter of wire = main scale reading + circular scale
1
reading least count zero error = 3 + 35
+ 0.03 = 3. 38 mm
2 50
v
2
v =
+v
3
v =
4 2
2
v =
v
3
3
6. (c) The data is incomplete. Let us assume that friction from
2. (d) Given, g = 10 m/ s 2
ground on ring is not impulsive during impact.

From linear momentum conservation in horizontal direction, we
have
ve
+ve
( -2 1) + ( 0. 1 20 )
= ( 0.1 0 ) + (2 v )
Here, v is the velocity of centre of mass of ring after impact.
Solving the above equation, we have
v=0
Thus, centre of mass becomes stationary.
Linear impulse during impact
(i) In horizontal direction, J1 = DP = 0.1 20 = 2 N -s
(ii) In vertical direction, J 2 = DP = 0.1 10 = 1 N -s
Height of a juggler (h) = 20 m

According to Newtons law, v 2 = u 2 - 2 gh
0 = u 2 - 2 (10 )(20 ) or u = 20 m/s
Also
v = u - at or 0 = 20 - 10 t or t = 2s
So, the ball returns to the hand to the juggle after 2 s.
To maintain proper distance, the balls must be thrown up at an
interval of 2 s.
3. (d)
l
T
q
1N-s
mg
2N-s
Into the figure, T cos q component will cancel mg.

T sin q component will provide necessary centripetal force to the
ball towards centre C.
[Q r = l sin q]
\
T sin q = mrw 2 = m ( l sin q) w 2
or
or
T = mlw 2 w =
wmax =
T
rad/s
ml
+ve ve
Writing the equation (about CM)

Angular impulse = change in angular momentum.
3 1
1
1
We have 1
- 2 0.5 = 2 (0.5)2 w
2 2
0.5
2
Solving this equation, w comes out to be positive or w is

anti-clockwise. So, just after collision rightwards slipping taking
place. Hence, friction is leftwards.
Tmax
324
=
= 36 rad/s
ml
0.5 0.5
4. (b) As the amplitude is increased, the maximum acceleration of

the platform (along with coin as long as they doesnt get
separated) increases
coin
7. (c) According to work energy theorem,

DKE = Wnet or K f - K i = P dt
or
Platform
2 3
t 3
1
8
mv 2 = t 2 dt or v 2 = =
0 2
2
2
2
v2 = 4
Equilibrium
position
v = 2 m/s
8. (a) Let the masses are unequal.

Performing SHM
From conservation of linear momentum,
If we draw the FBD for coin at one of the

extreme positions as shown then from
Newtons law, mg - N = mw 2 A for loosing
contact with the platform N = 0.
g
So,
A= 2
w
5. (c) According to the question,
22
mg
v2
v2
v1
m1
m2
After collision
m1 v1 + m 2 v 2 = m1 v 2 + m 2 v1
or
m1( v1 - v 2 ) = m 2( v1 - v 2 ) or m1 = m 2
i.e. mass of both the particles should be same. Secondary,
relative velocity after separation |v1 - v 2|
e=
=
=1
relative velocity before approach |u 1 - u 2 |
2
Before collision
i.e. e = 1 or collision is elastic.
v/3m
1
v1
m1
m2
Before collision
In the x-direction,
mu 1 + 0 = 0 + mv x
or
mv = mv x or v x = v
In the y-direction,
v
v
0 + 0 = m
- mv y or v y =
3
3
w2A
2
vy
After collision
vx
9. (d) In the system, a non-zero external force acts on the body.

So,
Fext 0
Now, we can say that aCM 0
So, the option (d) is correct.
10. (d)
NA + NB = w
(i)
NA
x
= 10log
d-x
w
(ii)
G( 4 m )
17. (c) In Youngs double slit experiment, the path difference is given
by
situation can be written as
x=0 x= x=A
A/2
yd (4 10 -5 )(0.0025)
=
= 10 -7 m
D
1.0
2p
Now, phase difference ( f ) =
Dx
l
2p
p
=
10 -7 = or 60
-10
3
6000 10
3
2 f
2
We know that, I = I0 cos
= I0 cos 60 = I0
2
4
Dx =
12. (d) The displacement time and velocity time equation, in this
at
v +u
would be f1 =
f
v
v +u
Substituting value of f1 , we get f2 =
f
v -u
rx
r
4 x 2 = ( r - x )2 2 x = r - x x =
=
3
x 2 ( r - x )2
Gm G( 4 m ) -3Gm 6Gm -9Gm
VP = =
=
x
r-x
r
r
r
Gm
x = Asin( wt + f ) and v = Aw cos( wt + f )

t = 0, x = A /2
p
5p
f = and
6
6
18. (a) Lateral shift is given by d = 1
Net work done, cos q 1, t sin q t q and

\
d =
Decrease in weight = decrease in upthurst

or
(Q volume V = A h)
mg = Vr w g
or
m = Vr w or ( 0. 2 ) = (2 10 -2 )( A)(10 3 )
A = 10 -2 m 2 = 100 cm 2
6
14. (b) Large droplet of water = 10 small droplet of water

4 3
4
pR = 10 6 pr 3 or R = (10 2 r )
3
3
U i = 10 6( 4 pr 2 )T
U f = ( 4 pR 2 )T
After charging, q will become constant

Net work done, W = U f - U i =
I / I + 1
Imax
= 2 + 1 = 9
= 1 2
I / I - 1
Imin
2 - 1
1 2
l2
1
q2
q2 q2 1
=
-
2 C f 2 C i 2 C f C i
( e 0 AV / d )2
2
2d
d e 0 AV 2
=
2d
e
e
A
0 A
0
20. (c) Let C 0 be the capacity of capacitor without insulator and C its
(K = dielectric constant)
1 q2
2 C0
15. (b) Ratio of intensities of coherent source source l1 = 4 or l1 = 2

\
5U =
U
1
\ Ratio of surface energies of droplet, f = 2
U i 10
n 2 - sin 2 q n
19. (d) Charge of capacitor is given by q = CV = e 0 A V
capacity with insulator. Then,

C = KC 0
Charge q remains constant
1 q2
U=
\
2 C
1 q2
and
U + 4U =
2 C0
\ Side to the cube is 10 cm.
l2
tq( n - 1)
n
13. (d) Given, m = 0. 2 kg, h = 2 10 -2g
t sin q
n - sin q
cos q
If angle of incidence q is small, then we can write
p
If f = , displacement and velocity both are positive at t = 0
6
5p
When, f = , displacement is positive but velocity is negative.
6
\ Displacement time equations of two particles can be written as
x1 = Asin( wt + p / 6 )
5p p 2 p
and x 2 = Asin( wt + 5p / 6 ), Df =
- =
6
6
3
I max
= 10log(9) = 20log3
I min
where, f = actual frequency of source

After being reflected the apparent frequency will further change
and the reflector will now behave as a source. The apparent
v
frequency will now become f2 =
f1
v -u
11. (c) Let gravitation field be zero at P as shown in figure.

P
Imax
I
- 10 log min
I0
I0
16. (c) Apparent frequency for reflector (will act as an observer)
Net torque about point C = 0

\
N A X = N B (d - x )
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
d -x
xw
NA =
w and N B =
d
d
A
m
L1 - L 2 = 10 log
NB
(i)
(ii)
C
= 5 or K = 5
C0
21. (d) Total resistance of circuit (Rtotal ) = 2 + 6 1.5 = 3.2 kW

6 + 1.5
24 V
(a) Current across battery, I =
= 7 . 5 mA = IR1
3.2 kW
23
26. (a) Using the mirror formula, 1 + 1 = 1
RL
IR2 =
I
RL + R2
1. 5
I=
7. 5 = 1. 5 mA
7. 5
v u f
1
1
1
1
3
1
or
+
=
=
+25/ 3 ( -u 1 ) 10
u 1 25 10
IRL = 6 mA
(b) Potential difference across RL , VRL = ( IRL )( RL ) = 9 V
PR
( IR )2 R1 (7.5)2(2 ) 25
(c) Ratio of power dissipation, 1 = 1 2
=
=
PR2 ( IR ) R2 (1.5)2( 6 ) 63
2
(d) When R1 and R2 are interchanged, then
R2 RL
2 1.5 6
=
= kW
R2 + RL
3.5
7
Earlier it was 9 V.
V2
or P V 2
R
In new situation, potential difference has been decreased three
times. Therefore, power dissipated will decrease by a factor of 9.
P=
22. (a) In the series connection of battery, current is given by

i=
2E
2 +R
2E
J1 = i R =
R
2 + R
2
In the parallel connection of battery, i =
E
0.5 + R
E
J 2 = i 2R =
R
0.5 + R
4( 0. 5 + R )2
J1
= 2 . 25 =
J2
(2 + R )2
After solving, we get R = 4 W
23. (b) Let R be the radius of a long thin cylindrical shell.

To calculate the magnetic induction at a distance r( r < R ) from the
axis of cylinder, a circular shell of radius r is
shown in figure.
r
Since, no current is enclosed in the circle so,
from Amperes circuital law, magnetic induction
R
is zero at every point of circle. Hence, the
magnetic induction at any point inside the
infinitely long straight thin walled tube (cylindrical) is zero.
24. (a) As transformer works only on AC, so when electrolytic DC cell

of emf 12 V is connected to primary of transformer, then there is no
output across its output.
25. (a) Voltage across the capacitors will increase from 0 to 10 V

exponentially. The voltage at time t will be given by
V = 10(1 - e -t / t c )
Here
\
t c = Cnet Rnet = (1 10 6 )( 4 10 -6 ) = 4 s
V = 10(1 - e
-t / 4
Substituting V = 4 V, we have
4 = 10(1 - e -t / 4 ) or e -t / 4 = 0.6 =
-t
= ln 3 - ln 5
4
t = 4(ln 5 - ln 3 ) = 2 s
Taking log both sides we have
24
1
7
1
or u 2 = 25 m
=
u 2 50 10
Speed of object =
u 1 - u 2 25
=
ms -1 = 3 kmh -1
time
30
linked with the coil does not change. Hence, no emf or current is
induced in the coil. Thus, the correct option is (d).
28. (d) Let a particle of charge q having velocity v approaches Q upto

a closest distance r and if the velocity becomes 2v, the closest
distance will be r.
The law of conservation of energy yields.
Kinetic energy of particle = electric potential energy between
them at closest distance of approach.
1
1 Qq
or
mv 2 =
2
4p e 0r
1
Qq
mv 2 = K
2
r
1
Qq
or
m (2 v )2 = K
2
r
Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii)
1
KQq
mv 2
2
= r
(1/ 2 )m (2 v )2 KQq
r
1 r
=
4 r
r
r =
4
...(i)
or
1
1
1
+
=
( +50 / 7 ) -u 2 10
27. (d) If the coil is not moved in a magnetic field, the magnetic flux
6 /7
Now, potential difference across R1 will be VL = 24
=3V
6 + 6 /7
Since,
u 1 = 50 m and
3
5
(ii)
29. (b) In the given circuit, diode D1 is reverse biased while D2 is

forward biased.
4W
12 V
D1
D2
3W
2W
[Q For ideal diodes, reverse biased means open and forward

biased means short] Applying KVL to get current flowing through
the circuit
-12 + 4 i + 2 i = 0
12
i=
=2 A
6
30. (c)
A
B
C
output of the above digital circuit y = ( A + B ) C

To get y = 1, the value of
A =1
B=0
C =1
So, the option (c) is correct.
Instructions
This test consists of 30 questions.

Each question is allotted 4 marks for correct response.
Candidates will be awarded marks as stated above for correct response of each
question. 1/4 marks will be deducted for indicating incorrect response of each
question. No deduction from the total score will be made if no response is
indicated for an item in the answer sheet.
There is only one correct response for each question. Filling up more than one
response in any question will be treated as wrong response and marks for wrong
response will be deducted according as per instructions.
string supporting the bob makes with normal to the

ceiling in equilibrium is
(a) 30
2
-1 3
(d) tan-1(2 )
(b) tan-1
(c) tan
3
2
6. A 10 kg object collides with stationary 5 kg object

and after collision they stick together and move
forward with velocity 4 ms -1 . What is the velocity
with which the 10 kg object hit the second one?
(a) 4 ms -1
(b) 6 ms -1
(c) 10 ms -1
(d) 12 ms -1
7. Two particles have equal masses of 5.0 g each and

az
kQ
a
e , p is pressure, z is distance,
b
k is Boltzmann constant and Q is the temperature.
The dimensional formula of b will be
1. In the relation p =
0 0 0
(a) [M L T ]
2 -1
(b) [ML T ]
0 -1
(c) [ML T ]
0 2 -1
(d) [M L T ]
2. A person walks up a stationary escalator in time t1 . If

he remains stationary on the escalator, then it can
take him up in time t2 . How much time would it take
him to walk up the moving escalator?
(a)
t1 + t 2
2
(b) t 1t 2
(c)
t 1t 2
t1 + t 2
(d) t 1 + t 2
3. A projectile is thrown with a velocity of 10 2 m/s at

an angle of 45 with horizontal. The interval
between the moments when speed is 125 m/s is
(g = 10 m/s2 )
(a) 1.0 s
(b) 1.5 s
(c) 2.0 s
(d) 0.5 s
opposite charges of + 4.0 10-5 C and -4 10-5 C.

They are released from rest with a separation of
1.0 m between them. Find the speed of the particles
when the separation is reduced to 50 cm.
(a) 50 m/s
(a) 60
(b) 45
(c) 30
(d) 15
5. A plumb bob is hung from the ceiling of a train

compartment. The train moves on an inclined track
of inclination 30 with horizontal. Acceleration of
train up the plane is a = g /2. The angle which the
(c) 60 m/s
(d) 62 m/s
8. A system consists of two cubes of masses m1 and m2

respectively connected by a spring of force constant
K. The force that should be applied to the
F
upper cube to keep it at rest for which the
m1
lower one just lifts after the force its
removed is
k
m1m2
g
m1 + m2
(a) m1g
(b)
(c) ( m1 + m2 )g
(d) m2g
m2
9. There are hundred identical blocks equally spaced

on a frictionless track as shown in the figure.
Initially, all blocks are separate. Each collision is
perfectly inelastic. The final velocity will be
4. The minimum force required to move a body up an

inclined plane is three times the minimum force
required to prevent if from slilding down the plane.
If the coefficient of friction between the body and
1
the inclined plane is
, the angle of the inclined
2 3
plane is
(b) 53.7 m/s
v
(a)
99
v
(b)
100
100
(c) zero
(d) v
10. The centre of mass from end P of a non-uniform rod

kx2
,
L
where k is a constant and x is the distance from end
P, is
of length L whose mass per unit length is r =
3L
4
k
(c)
L
(a)
L
8
3k
(d)
L
(b)
23
JEE MAIN RIDE 2

11. If ge , gd and gh be the accelerations due to gravity at
20. Three samples of the same gas A, B and C (g = 3 /2)
Earths surface, a height h and a depth d

respectively, then
have initially equal volumes. Now, the volume of

each sample is doubled. The process is adiabatic for
A, isobaric for B and isothermal for C. If the final
pressures are equal for all three samples, the ratio of
their initial pressures are
(a) g e > g h > g d

(c) g e < g h < g d
(b) g e > g h < g d

(d) g e < g h > g d
12. A particle moves in a circle with constant angular

velocity w about a point P on its circumference. The
angular velocity of the particle about the centre C of
the circle is
(a) 2w
(b) w/2
(c) w
(d) Not constant
13. A disc is rotating with an angular velocity w0 . A

constant retarding torque is applied on it to stop the
disc. The angular velocity becomes w0 /2 after n
rotations. How many more rotations will it make
before coming to rest?
(a) n
(b) 2 n
(c) n/2
(d) n/ 3
14. If the radius of the Earth was increased by a factor of

2 keeping the mass constant by what factor would
its density have to be changed to keep g the same?
(a) 1/ 8
(b) 4
(c) 1/2
(d) 1/ 4
15. A brass rod of length 500 mm and diameter 3 mm is

joined to a steel rod of same length and diameter at
50C. If the coefficients of linear expansion of brass
and steel are 2. 5 10-5 C -1 and 1.25 10-5 C -1 ,
then change in length of the combined rod at 200C
is
(a) 2.4 mm
(b) 2.8 mm
(c) 3.2 mm
(d) 3.6 mm
16. Water of volume 2 L in a container is heated with a

coil of 1 kW at 27C. The lid of the container is open
and energy dissipates at the rate of 160 Js -1 . In how
much time, temperature will rise from 27C to 77C
[Given, specific heat of water is 4.2 kJ kg -1 ]
(a) 8 min 20 s (b) 6 min 2 s
(c) 7 min
(a) 2 2 : 2 : 1 (b) 2 2 : 1 : 2
(c) 2 : 1 : 2
(d) 2 : 1 : 2
21. The angle of incidence for an equilateral prism is

60 what should be the refractive index of prism so
that the ray is parallel to the base inside the prism?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4 / 3
(d) 9 / 8
22. The maximum intensity in Youngs double slit

experiment is I0 . What will be the intensity of light
in front of one of the slits on a screen where path
l
difference is ?
4
(a)
I0
2
(b) 3 / 4 I0
(c) I0
(d) I0 / 4
23. A charge q is placed at the centre of the line joining

two equal charges Q. The system of the three
charges will be in equilibrium if q is equal to
(a)
-Q
2
(b)
-Q
4
+Q
4
(c)
(d)
+Q
2
24. Two capacitors having capacitances 8 mF and 16 mF

have breaking voltages 20 V and 80 V. They are
combined in series. The maximum charge they can
store individually in the combination is
(a) 160 mC
(b) 200 mC
(c) 320 mC
(d) 480 mC
25. As the switch S is closed in the circuit shown in

figure, current passed through it is
20 V 2 W D 4 W 5 V
(d) 14 min
2W
17. An open cubical tank was initially fully filled with

water. When the tank was accelerated on a
horizontal plane along one of its side, it was found
that one third of volume of water was falling out.
The acceleration was
(a) g / 3
(b) 2 g / 3
g
(c)
2
g
(d)
4
18. In a process V T 2 , the temperature of 2 moles of a

gas is increased by 200 K. The work done by the gas
in this process will be
(a) 600 R
(b) 800 R
(c) 1000 R
(a) 4.5 A
(b) 6.0 A
(c) 3.0 A
26. Equal current I flows in two segments of a circular

loop in the direction shown in figure. Radius of loop
is R. What is the magnitude of magnetic field
induction at the centre of the loop?
C
I
(d) 1200 R
19. Six identical conducting rods

are joined as shown in figure.
A
B
C
D
20C
Points A and D are maintained 200C
at temperature 200C and 20C
respectively. The temperature of junction B will be
(a) 120C
24
(b) 100C
(c) 140C
(d) 80C
(d) zero
O
R
m I( p + q)
m I
(a) 0
(b) 0
2 pR
2 pR
q
D
(c)
m 0I( p - q)
m I( p + q)2
(d) 0
2 pR
2 pR
JEE MAIN RIDE 2

27. The ratio of time constants during current growth
and current decay of the circuit shown in figure is
R
2R
(a) 167
. 10 -2 C
(b) 167
. 10 -3 C
(c) 167
. 10 -4 C
(d) 167
. 10 -3 C
29. The half-life of radioactive substance is 20 min. The

approximate time interval (t2 - t1 ) between the time
t2 when 2 /3 of it has decayed and time t1 when 1 /3 of
it had decayed is
(a) 1 : 1
(b) 3 : 2
(c) 2 : 3
(d) 1 : 3
28. A closed coil consists of 500 turns on a rectangular

frame of area 4 cm2 and has a resistance of 50 W. The
coil is kept with its plane perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field of 0.22 Wb/m2 . Calculate the amount
of charge flowing through the coil if it is rotated
through 180.
(a) 14 min
(c) 28 min
(b) 20 min
(d) 7 min
30. Which of the following atoms has the lowest

ionization potential energy?
(a) 14
7 N
(b) 133
55 Cs
40
(c) 18
Ar
(d) 16
8O
Answers
1. (a)
11. (b)
21. (b)
2. (c)
12. (a)
22. (a)
3. (a)
13. (d)
23. (b)
4. (c)
14. (c)
24. (a)
5. (b)
15. (b)
25. (a)
6. (b)
16. (a)
26. (c)
7. (b)
17. (b)
27. (b)
8. (c)
18. (b)
28. (d)
9. (b)
19. (c)
29. (b)
10. (a)
20. (b)
30. (b)
Detailed solutions of these questions are available on http://www.arihantbooks.com/Physics%20Spectrum.pdf
25
az
or
T sin q = mg sin 30 = mg / 2
Solving the Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
q = tan -1(2 / 3 )
1. (a) As, we know that p = a e kQ , thus

b
az
0 0 0
kQ = [M L T ]
kQ
[a] =
6. (b) Given
m1 = 10 kg
m 2 = 5 kg
v = 4 ms -1
a
Further dimension formula of pressure [ p] =
b
When linear momentum is conserved, then

m1u 1 + m 2 u 2 = ( m1 + m 2 )v
\
10 u 1 + 5 0 = (10 + 5) 4
or
Initial velocity with which 10 kg object hit second ball,
15 4
u1 =
= 6 ms -1
10
\ Dimensional formula of b
a kQ
[b ] = =
p zp
Dimensions of kQ are related to energy. Hence,
ML2 T -2
[b ] = 2 -2 = [M 0L0 T 0 ]
ML T
7. (b) Here, m1 = m 2 = 5.0 g = 5 10 -3 kg,
2. (c) Let L be the length of escalator.

Speed of man w.r.t escalator is v mc =
q1 = 4 10 -5C, q 2 = - 4 10 -5C, r1 = 1.0 m,
L
t1
1
m
2
From symmetry, v1 = v 2 = v = ?
As increase in kinetic energy = loss in PE = final PE - initial PE
1
|q ||q 2 | 1 1
2 mv 2 = 1
-
2
4 pe 0 r2 r1
r2 = 50 cm =
L
Speed of escalator is vc =
t2
\ Speed of man w.r.t. ground would be
1 1
v m = v mc + vc = L +
t1 t 2
L
t1t 2
=
\ The desired time is t =
v m t1 + t 2
v x = u cos 45 = 10 2 cos 45 = 10m/s

v y = v 2 - v x2 = 125 - 100 = 5 m/s
Using
v y = u y - gt
We have, time taken to walk up on the moving escalator
u - v y ( +5) - ( -5)
=
= 1.0 s
t= y
g
10
4. (c) Minimum force required to move a body up a rough inclined

plane
F1 = mg(sin q + m cos q)
Minimum force required to prevent the body from sliding down
the rough inclined plane
F2 = mmg cos q
According to question, F1 = 3 F2
\
mg(sin q + m cos q) = 3(mmg cos q)
sin q = 2 m cos q
1
1
tan q = 2 m = 2
=
= tan 30
2 3
3
\
q = 30
26
Final velocity of a particle,

v = 53.7 m/s
8. (c) Initially in equilibrium,

F + m1 g = kx i (x i = initial compression)
F + m1 g
(i)
x1 =
\
k
Let x f be the elongation in spring when lower block just lifts.
m g
Then,
(ii)
kx f = m 2 g or x f = 2
k
Now, from conservation of mechanical energy, increase in
gravitational potential energy of m1 = decrease in elastic potential
energy of spring.
1
m1 g ( x i + x f ) = k( x i2 - x f2 )
\
2
Substituting the values of x i and x f from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
f = ( m1 + m 2 )g
9. (b) As, given, initial velocity of a block 1 be v having mass m.
5. (b) Drawing free body diagram of

bob. Let m be the mass of the bob.
Then,
SFy = 0
3 mg
(i)
\ T cos q = mg cos 30 =
2
SFx = ma
1
5 10 -3 v 2 = 9 10 9 ( 4 10 -5 )2
- 1
(
/
)
1
2
= 9 16 10 -1(2 - 1)
14.4
= 2 .88 10 3
v2 =
5 10 -3
3. (a) The component of a projectile along x-axis

and y-axis
(ii)
30
mg
As, collision of blocks is perfectly in elastic, we get

Initial momentum before collision = final momentum after collision
Pi = Pf
\
mv = (100 m )v f
v
vf =
100
v
Thus, final velocity of a block after collision =
100
10. (a)
16. (a) Energy gained by water (in 1s)

x=0
P
x
= Energy supplied - energy lost

= (1000 - 160 ) = 840 J
Total heat required to raise the temperature of water from 27C to
17C is msDQ . Hence, the required time.
msDq
t=
rate by which energy is gained by water
x=L
dx
kx 2
dx
L
3
L kx
L
dx
xdm 0
( L4 / 4 ) 3 L
L
0
= L
=
= 3
=
L kx 2
0 dm 0 dx ( L / 3 ) 4
L
Mass of the element PQ is dm =
Xcm
(2)(4.2 10 3 )(50)
= 500 s = 8 min 20 s
840
a h
(b) In D DBC, tan q = =
g x
=
17.
11. (b) When going above at a height h or at a depth d below Earths
xa
h =
g
surface, in any case acceleration due to gravity decrease.

Therefore,
ge > g h and ge > gd
Moreover,
g h < gd if h = d
12. (a) Let the particle moves from A to A in time dt.

If
then,
A PA = dq
ACA = 2(dq)
dq
wp =
=w
dt
(given)
2 dq
=2w
dt
\ Angular velocity about
C = 2 (angular velocity about P)
q
A
dq
P
2dq
x
wc =
13. (d) As, retarding torque is constant, therefore angular retardation

say a will also be constant.
Applying
w 2 = w 20 - 2 aq
2
We get,
w0
2
= w 0 - 2 aq1
2
and
w
0 = 0 - 2 aq2
2
(i)
(ii)
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii) we get,

q
q2 = 1
3
Therefore, the disc will make n/3 more rotation before coming the
rest.
14. (c) We know that acceleration due to gravity

G( 4 / 3rR 3 r ) 4
=
= rGrR
3
R2
R2
i.e.
g rR
R is increased by a factor of 2 i.e. to keep the value of g to be
constant, the value of r has to be changed by a factor of 1/2.
g=
C x
GM
15. (b) Change in length of brass rod.

DTB = a B IB (T2 - T1 )
= 2.5 10 -5 500 (200 - 50)
= 1.875 mm
Similarly change in length of steel rod
Dil s = a s I s (T2 - T1 )
= 1.25 10 -5 500 (200 - 50)
= 0.9375 mm
Therefore, change in length of the combined out
= DTB + DT s = 1.875 + 0.9375
= 2.8125 mm = 2.8 mm
2
Remaining volume ABCD is rd of total volume.
3
1
2
\
( x + x - h) x = x 2
2
3
1
2
xa
or
x + x x = x 2
2
3
g
Solving this equation, we get
Acceleration of a falling fluid,
2
a= g
3
V T 2
i.e. V = aT 2 (a = constant of proportionality)
18. (b) Given,

\
dV = 2 aTdt
nRT nRT nR
p=
=
=
V
aT 2 aT
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
pdV = 2 nRdT
\ Work done by the gas,
Tf
W = pd V = 2 nRdT = 2 nR( DT )
Ti
= 2 2 R 200 = 800 R
19. (c) Equivalent electrical circuit will be as shown in figure.

Temperature difference between A and D is 180C, which is
equally distributed in all the rods.
Therefore, temperature difference between A and B will be 60 C
or temperature of B should be 140C.
A
200C
D
20C
20. (b) Let the initial pressure of the three samples be pA , pB and pC ,
then
pA ( V )3 / 2 = (2 V )3 / 2 p or pB = p
\
pC ( V ) = p(2 V )
pA : pB : pC = (2 )3 / 2: 1 : 2 = 2 2 : 1 : 2
27
21. (b) For an equilateral prism, the ray inside the prism will be
parallel to the base at minimum deviation.
At minimum deviation r1 = r2 = A / 2 = 30
sin i1 sin 60 ( 3 / 2 )
m =
=
=
\
sin r1 sin 30
(1/ 2 )
or
Magnetic field induction at O due to current through arc ACB is

m I
B2 = 0 (2 p - q)
4p R
C
m = 3
22. (a) Corresponding phase difference will be
or
\
(2p-Q)
2 p l p
2 p
f=
=
( Dx ) =
l 4 2
l
f p
=
2 4
f
I = I0 cos 2
2
23. (b) Since, q is at the centre of two charges Q and Q net force on it
is zero, whatever the magnitude and sign of change on it. For the
equilibrium of Q, q should be negative because other charge Q
will repeat it. So q should attract it. Simultaneously these
attractions and repulsions should be equal.
q
\ Net magnetic field induction at O is downwards, perpendicular

to plane of loop.
m I
m 2I
B = B2 - B1 = 0 [(2 p - q) - q] = 0 [ p - q]
4p R
4p R
m 0 I( p - q)
=
2 pR
27. (b) The current growth during charging t L = L
2R
L
and current decay during discharging t L =
3R
2R
p I
Intensity of light I = I0 cos 2 = 0
4 2
1 QQ
1
Qq
=
4 pe 0 r 2
4 pe 0 ( r / 2 )2
or
q=
or with sign =
-Q
4
2R
Charging
Q
4
t L 42 R 3
=
=
t L 43 R 2
C
Therefore if 20 V is applied across 8 mF, the potential difference
across 16 mF will become 10 V.
8mF
16mF
20 V
10 V
R = 50 W, B = 0.22 wb/m 2 , q = ?
As the coil is rotated through 180, change in magnetic flux linked
with the coil. Df = 2 nBA = 2 500 0.22 4 10 -4
Net amount of charge through a closed coil
Df 8.8 10 -2
q=
=
= 1.76 10 -3 C
\
R
50
29. (b) Let initial amount of radioactive substance be N 0 .
25. (a) Let V be the potential of the junction as shown in figure.

Applying junction law, we have
At junction node at D,
i1 + i 2 = i 3
20 - V 5 - V V - 0
or
+
=
2
4
2
or
40 - 2 V + 5 - V = 2 V
or
5 V = 45
V=9V
V
\
i 3 = = 4. 5 A
2
28. (d) Given, n = 500, A = 4 cm 2 = 4 10 -4 m 2
= 8.8 10 -2 wb
Maximum charge stored in individual capacitor

q = CV = 8 20 or 16 10 = 160 mC
20 V 2 W
i1
4 W
i3
5 V
i2
2W
26. (c) Magnetic field induction at O due to current through arc ADB
m0 I
q
4p R
Its direction is perpendicular to the plane of circular loop and
upwards.
28
Discharging
Ratio of time constant during charging and discharging
24. (a) In series, potential difference, V 1
is B1 =
Then, amount of substance left after radioactive decay

1
2
N1 = N 0 - N 0 = N 0
3
3
2
1
N2 = N0 - N0 = N0
3
3
\
N1 1
=
N2 2
n =1
t 2 - t1 = one half-life = 20 min
30. (b) As 55Cs133 has larger size among the four atoms given, thus
electrons present in the outermost orbit will be away from the
nucleus and the electrostatic force experienced by electrons due
to nucleus will be minimum. Therefore, the energy required to
liberate electrons from outer orbit will be minimum in case
of 133
55 Cs.
SCHOOL PRACTICE RIDE 1
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
All questions are compulsory.

Q. Nos. 1 to 5 are very short answer type questions, carrying one mark each.
Q. Nos. 6 to 10 are short answer type questions, carrying two marks each.
Q. Nos. 11 to 22 are also short answer type questions, carrying three marks each.
Q. Nos. 23 is a value based question carry four marks.
Q. Nos. 24 to 26 are long answer type questions, carrying five marks each.
1. Write the dimensional formula of impulse and name
12. Calculate the rms speed of an oxygen molecule at
of the physical quantity having same dimension.
2. Write the relation between two angles for which
37C. Atomic mass of oxygen is 16.
13. State
Bernoullis
mathematically.
horizontal ranges will be equal.
3. On what factors does the two vectors a and b to be

perpendicular to each other?
4. Write the condition for conservation of mechanical

energy of a system.
5. What is the ratio of escape speed of the Earth and

escape speed of the Moon?
8.
10. What is Keplers law of period? Express it

mathematically.
11. Obtain the expression which shows dependence of

speed of sound in a gas on its temperature.
it
15. Determine a unit vector which is perpendicular to

both A = 2$i + $j - k$ and B = $i + $j - 2k$ .
16. A projectile is fired at an angle q with the horizontal

projection with velocity u. Derive the expression for
(i) horizontal range
(ii) maximum height attained.
17. Define impulse and impulse momentum theorem.

Why does one feel more pain when he/she punch on
a hard wall than when he/she punch on soft muddy
ground?
18. Briefly explain conservation of mechanical energy
9. Obtain the equation in rotational motion w = w0 + at.

or
Why is the weight of a body at the poles more than
the weight at the equator? Explain.
express
medium does not depend on the pressure of the gas.
and what is the change in internal energy for

isothermal process?
(i) velocity-time curve and
(ii) acceleration-time curve.
Estimate the angle of projection of a projectile for
which range R and maximum height H are equal.
and
14. Show that the velocity of sound in a gaseous
6. What is the heat associated with adiabatic process

7. A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Draw its
principle
19.
for a vibrating simple pendulum.

dL
Prove the relation t =
. Also explain the law of
dt
conservation of angular momentum.
20. Show that the escape velocity from the surface of the
Earth is given by
2GM
, where R is the radius of the
R
Earth.
71
SCHOOL PRACTICE RIDE 1

21. (i) Write the Hookes law.
(ii) A steel wire of length 5 m and diameter 0.10 mm
is stretched by 10 kg weight. Find the increase
in its length if the Youngs modulus of steel wire
is 2.5 1011 N/m2 .
or
Calculate the work done for adiabatic expansion of
a gas.
22. A source and an observer can approach one another
23.
24.
25.
26.
with velocity 5 ms -1 . If the original frequency is

1500 Hz, calculate apparent frequency when
(i) only source is approaching.
(ii) only observer is approaching.
Take speed of sound in air 340 m/s.
Ashutosh and Asif were travelling by a bus. All of
sudden driver applied powerful brake to stop the
bus within a very short distance.
Ashutosh and Asif experienced a forward jerk. Asif
was holding a handle in the bus but Ashutosh was
not he was just about to fall on the bus. At the
instant, Asif saved him by pulling his arm.
(i) What values were shown by Asif?
(ii) When a bus suddenly stops, in which direction
a passenger will experience a jerk and why?
(i) Derive an expression for the acceleration of a
body sliding down a tough inclined plane.
(ii) A block of mass M is pulled along a horizontal
frictionless surface by a rope of mass m by
applying a force F at the free end of the rope.
Find the force by the rope on the block.
A progressive wave is given by
y (x, t) = 8 sin (400t - 0.2x)
where, x is in metre, y in cm and t in second.
Then, find out the
(i) direction of propagation
(ii) wavelength
(iii) frequency
(iv) wave speed
(v) phase difference between two points 0.4 m
apart.
Calculate the stress developed inside a tooth cavity
filled with copper when hot tea at temperature of
57C. You can take body (tooth) temperature to be
37C and a = 1.7 10-5 /C, bulk modulus for copper
is 140 109 N/m2 .
The
solution
of
these
questions
are
available
on
http://www.arihantbooks.com/Physics%20Spectrum.pdf
72
MATHEMATICS
On integrating both sides, we get
1. Dimensional formula for impulse will be
Impulse = Average force Time

= [MLT -2 ][T]
2. We know that range (R) of a horizontal projectile = u sin2 q

g
[ w - w 0 ] = a [t - 0 ]
w = w0 + a t
3. When q = 90 , then both vectors are mutually perpendicular to

each other. Then, we have
A B = ABcos 90 = 0
or
4. For mechanical energy of a system to be conserved, no

dissipative force should be present.
5. The ratio of escape speed of the Earth and escape speed of the
( v e )Earth
5
( v e )Moon
6. An adiabatic process does not allow transfer of heat by or to the

system. [ DQ = 0 ]. In an isothermal process, internal energy is
constant [ DU = 0 ].
7. Let us assume vertical upward direction as the positive direction.

a
Upward
journey
t
Downward
journey
+ve
-ve
Velocity-time curve
As acceleration due to gravity g =
Acceleration-time curve
8. In a projectile motion, the range (R) is equal to maximum height H
and the value of R at the

R2
poles is less than that at the equator, so g at poles is greater than
that g at equator. Now, as g p > ge , hence mg p > mge , i.e. the
weight of a body at the poles is more than the weight at the
equator.
10. Keplers law of periods states that the square of the period of
revolution (T ) of a planet around the Sun is proportional to the
cube of the semi-major axis of its elliptical orbit (a). Its
mathematically expression is T 2 a 3 .
11. The speed of sound in a gas is given by v = g p

where, p is the pressure and r is the density of the gas and g is
the ratio of specific heat capacities.
By gas equation,
M
M
pV = RT p = RT
Q V = r
r
p RT
v2 p
=
=
g r
r
M
v=
attained by a body R = H
u 2 sin 2 q u 2 sin 2 q
=
g
2g
u 2 2 sin q.cos q u 2 sin 2 q

=
2g
g
u 2 sin 2 q
Q R =
g
u 2 sin 2 q
H=
2g
sin q
2
4cos q = sin q
sin q
4=
cos q
4 = tan q
q = tan -1( 4 )
2 cos q =
dw
dt
adt = dw
T = 37 =C37 + 273 K = 310K
3 RT
=
M0
3 8.31 310
32 10 -3
[Q R = 8.31 Jmol -1 K -1 ]
= 5.08 10 5 m/s
13. According to Bernoullis principle, the total energy, i.e. the sum of
So, angle of projection of a projectile is tan (4).
Angular acceleration (a) =
2 g p
v = r
gRT
M
Atomic mass of oxygen = 16,

Molar mass of oxygen = 2 16 = 32 g = 32 10 -3 kg
vrms =
-1
9. We know that
v2 p
Q =
g r
where, M is molar mass of the given gas and v is speed of sound

in a gas.
v T
\
12. Given,
[Q sin 2 q = 2 sin q.cos q]
Gm
a = -g
-ve
[ w ]ww0 = a [t ] t0
For angle of projection q and ( 90 - q), range will be equal.
+ve
t0+ 1
w0+ 1
=a
0
1
+
0 + 1 0
w0
w dw = a t 0dt
Linear momentum will have the same dimension.
Moon,
= [MLT -1 ]
dw = a adt
1
the pressure ( p), the kinetic energy per unit volume rV 2 and
2
the potential energy per unit volume (rgh) of an incompressible,
non-viscous fluid in steady flow remains constant at and
cross-sectional throughout the fluid flow. Mathematical
expression is given as
1
...(i)
p + rV 2 + rgh = constant
2
73
Dividing the Eq. (i) by rg, we get
17. Impulse is defined as the product of the average force and the
p
v 2 constant
+h+
=
= new constant
2g
rg
rg
and
p
is called pressure head, h is called gravitational head
rg
v2
is called velocity head.
2g
14. We know that velocity of sound in a gaseous medium,

v=
As,
Impulse,
diagram
B
B|
$j k$
A B = 2 1 -1 = i$ ( -2 + 1) - $j ( -4 + 1) + k$ (2 - 1)
1 1 -2
= - $i + 3 $j + k$
|A B| = ( -1)2 + ( 3 )2 + (1)2
diagram.
y
u sin q
u cos q
q
u cos q
Consider the motion of the projectile from point O to point B.

Vertical displacement s y = 0
1
0 = (u sin q) t - gt 2
2
As,
t = 0 corresponds to point O
2 u sin q
Hence, time of flight T =
g
2 u sin q
(i) Range = OB = u cos qT = u cos q
g
[\sin 2 q = 2 sin qcos q]
=
u 2 sin 2 q
g
(ii) At maximum height (H), vertical velocity of a projectile, v y = 0
v y2 = u y2 - 2 gH = 0
So, maximum height attained by a projectile
H=
74
v y2
2g
u 2 sin 2 q
2g
Applying conservation of mechanical energy between A and B

Loss in PE = Gain in KE
1
mgh = mv 2
2
1
mg/(1 - cos q) = mv 2
2
Speed of a pendulum, v = 2 g / (1 - cos q)
L = Iw
I = moment of inertia and
w = angular velocity
dL d
dw
Now,
...(i)
= ( Iw ) = I
=Ia
dt dt
dt
dw
where,
= a = angular acceleration
dt
Also, we know that
...(ii)
t = Ia
dL
t=
dt
When
t =0
dL
= 0 L = constant
dt
Hence, when external torque acting on a system is zero,
momentum of the system will remain constant. This is called law
of conservation of angular momentum.
where,
16. Consider a projectile projected at an angle q as shown in the the

A
q l
19. We know that angular momentum is given by
= 1 + 9 + 1 = 11
- $i + 3 $j + k$
n$ =
11
Fav t = p 2 - p1
I = p 2 - p1
M
Q V = r
15. A unit vector n$ perpendicular to both vectors A and B will be

A
n$ =
|A
$i
dp
18. Consider a simple pendulum having lenght l as shown in the
p RT
=
= constant at a given temperature.
r
M
p2
1
p = pressure of the gas,

r = density of gas
g = ratio of specific heat capacities
M
pV = RT p = RT
r
where,
0 Fdt = p
gp
r
l cos q
Here,
time interval for which the force acts on the body. It is denoted by I.
I = F Dt
Impulse-momentum Theorem
We know from Newtons second law
dp
Fext =
Fext (dt ) = dp
dt
Integrating both sides with limits, we get
20. Suppose the object is having mass m and is placed on the

surface of the Earth.
Potential energy of the Earth particle system
GMm
E=
R
Now, to escape from the surface the Earth this much amount of
energy should be given in the form of kinetic energy
1
GMm
2 GM
mv 2 =
v2 =
2
R
R
2 GM
Escape velocity, v =
R
21. (i) Hookes law Within elastic limit (i.e. for small deformations),
the stress is directly proportional to strain. Mathematically,
Stress strain
Stress
= Constant ( E )
Strain
\ E is called the modulus of elasticity.
(ii) Given, L = 5 m, D = 0.1 mm = 1 10 -4 m
T = 10 kg, weight = 10 10 = 100 N
Y = 2 .5 1011 N/m 2
TL
TL
DL =
Y=
A DL
YA
4TL
Increase in length of steel wire, DL =
Y pD2
4 100 5
=
2.5 1011 3.14 (10 -4 )2
q
sin
mg q
or
V2
V2
V1
V1
pdV = V g dV
We know for adiabatic expansion pV g = K = constant

V2
V2
V- g + 1
KV2- g + 1 - KV1- g + 1
= ( KV - g ) dV = K
=
(1 - g )
- g + 1 V1
V1
p2 V2g V2- g + 1 - p1 V1g V2- g + 1
(1 - g )
1
=
( p2 V2 - p1 V1 )
1- g
nR (T1 - T2 )
=
g -1
f=
q
mg
N
mk
mg cos q
Acceleration along the inclined plane

mg sin q - f
a=
m
mg sin q - m k mg cos q
=
m
= g sin q - m k g cos q
a = g (sin q - m k cos q)
(ii) Now, consider the block pulled by a rope as shown below.
m
Acceleration of the (rope + block) system =
Let a certain quantity of gas (ideal) having n moles undergoing an

adiabatic expansion. dW = elementary work done = pdV
Work done in a finite expansion from volume V1 to volume V2 .
(Q K = p1 V1g = p2 V2g )
22. (i) When only source is approaching towards stationary observer

n1 =
M0
25 314 10 8 10 -8
2
= 0.25 mm
25 314
below.
2 10 3
W=
24. (i) Consider a block sliding down a rough inclined plane as shown
340
v
n0 =
1500
340 - 5
v - vs
340
1500 = 1522.39 Hz
335
(ii) When only observer approaching towards stationary source
340 + 5
v + v0
n2 =
n0 =
1500
340
v
345
=
1500 1522 Hz
340
=
23. (i) Asif showed following values:

(a) He has concerned for his friend. He helped his friend at the
time of his need.
(b) He was careful while travelling in the bus.
(ii) As the bus is going in forward direction due to inertia of
motion, the upper part of the body will try to retain the forward
motion. As the brake is applied, the lower part which is in
contact with the floor of the bus will instantly comes to rest.
Hence, passenger will experience a forward jerk.
Hence, force on the block = M 0 a =
F
=a
M0 + m
M 0F
M0 + m
25. The given equation is y = 8 sin ( 400 t - 2 .0 x )

Comparing it with standard equation
y = Asin ( wt - kx )
(i) The wave is propagating along positive x-direction.
2p 2p
(ii) Wavelength, l =
=
k
0.2
20
=
p = 10 p = 10 3.14 = 31.4 m
2
w
400 200
(iii) Frequency, n =
=
=
= 63.69 Hz
2p 2p
p
w 400 4000
(iv) Wave speed, v = =
=
= 2000 ms -1
k
0.2
2
2p
(v) Phase difference Df =
Dx
l
= k Dx = ( 0.2 ) ( 0.4 ) = 0.08 rad
26. Given, decrease in temperature

Dt = 57 C - 37 C = 20 C
Coefficient of linear expansion
a = 17
. 10 -5 /C
Bulk modulus for copper
B = 140 10 9 N/m 2
\ Coefficient of cubical expansion
g = 3 a = 5.1 10 -5 C
Let initial volume of the cavity be V and its volume increases by
DV due to increase in temperature.
DV
= g Dt
\
DV = gV Dt or
V
Thermal stress produced = B volumetric strain
DV
=B
= B gDt
V
= 140 10 9 ( 51
. 10 -5 20 )
= 1.428 10 8 N/m 2
75

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BOARD EXAM RIDE 1

All questions are compulsory

2. The three coloured bands on a carbon resistor are red,

7. A parallel beam of light of 500 nm falls on a narrow slit

to another, its wavelength changes but frequency

Yellow light (l = 6000 ) illuminates a single slit of

5. Why do we need a higher bandwidth for the

8. The given graph shows the variation of photoelectric

transmission of music compared to that for commercial

current with collector plate potential for different

3. Define dielectric strength of dielectric?

9. Explain in brief, why Rutherfords model cannot

10. A message signal of frequency 10 kHz and peak

(i) the modulation index and

BOARD EXAM RIDE 1

12. Define the relaxation time of the free electrons drifting

13. A rectangular loop of wire of size 2.5 cm 4 cm carries

steady current of 1 A. A straight wire carrying 2 A

When the two materials are placed in an external

oscillating charges? Why is it not possible to produce

16. Two convex lenses of focal length 20 cm and 1 cm

17. In Youngs double slit experiment, the two slits

18. (i) What is meant by half-life of a radioactive

19. (i) Describe the working of light emitting diodes?

20. (i) Determine the de-Broglie wavelength of a proton

14. The figure shows a series L-C-R circuit with l = 100 H,

(i) the angular frequency of source which drives the

Draw block diagram of a detector for AM waves and

22. With the help of a suitable diagram, explain the

21. What is meant by the detection of modulated signal?

formation of depletion region in the p-n junction. How

BOARD EXAM RIDE 1

Answer the following questions based on the above

(i) An AC source generating a voltage,

(iii) Draw the pattern of electric field lines in this

(i) What is the effect on the interference fringes to a

(i) Write a short note on self-inductance and mutual

The solution of these questions are available on http://www.arihantbooks.com/Physics%20Spectrum.pdf

FEBRUARY 2015 Physics SPECTRUM

Answer with Explanations

2. According to colour code of resistances,

3. The dielectric strength of a dielectric is the maximum value of

9. The following are the drawbacks of the Rutherfords model

4. When monochromatic light travels from one medium to

5. The range of frequencies of music is higher than the

6. (i) The balancing condition states that

Balancing length would be at (100 - l ) cm.

where, D = distance of slit from screen

Given, l = 6000 = 6 10 -7m and d = 1 10 -4 m

(i) He suggested that on revolving an electron in the orbits,

(i) According to laws of photoelectric emission, the

(i) We have initial voltage, V1 = V volts and the charge

So, changed potential, V2 = V - 120

Now, by dividing Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get

Hence, the potential V = 180 V and unknown

Electric current, I = -neAvd

[Qusing Eq. (i)]

(ii) Current at resonating frequency

Where resistiuity of a conductor,

This is a required expression.

Vrms = Irms X L = 4 500

13. As, there will be a force of attraction