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0 INTRODUCTION
Level of Service (LOS) is defined as a qualitative measure describing operational conditions within a
traffic steam and their perception by motorists and passenger. Six classifications are used to define LOS,
designated by the letters A through F. LOS A represents the best conditions, while LOS F represents
heavily congested flow with traffic demand exceeding highway capacity.
2.0 OBJECTIVE
To determine the capacity and level of service of the UTHM signalized intersection using JKR
Arahan Teknik (Jalan) procedure.
3.0 APPARATUS
1. Measuring Tape/Odometer
2. Forms HC1, HC2 and HC3
3. Analog Counter
4. Safety Vest
5. Safety Cones
6. Flags
4.0 PROCEDURE
Lane: 1
Weather: Good
TRAFFIC COUNT
VEHICLE CLASS
TIME
1
8.45-9.00 am
23
61
9.00-9.15 am
26
77
9.15-9.30 am
24
54
9.30-9.45 am
22
65
Vehicle Class
Traffic Volume
p.c.u.
p.c.u.
Class 1 (Motorcycles)
Class 2 (Cars)
Class 3 (Vans & Medium
(Veh/hour)
95
257
6
Factor
0.33
1.00
1.75
31.35
257.00
10.50
Trucks)
Class 4 (Heavy Trucks &
2.25
18.00
Buses)
Total
366
Note: p.c.u passenger car unit
316.85
TABLE 2
Approach (Movement): PARIT RAJA (THROUGH)
Day/Date: 4/3/2015 (WEDNESDAY)
Lane: 2
Weather: Good
TRAFFIC COUNT
VEHICLE CLASS
TIME
8.45-9.00 am
18
52
9.00-9.15 am
10
102
9.15-9.30 am
78
9.30-9.45 am
98
12
Vehicle Class
Traffic Volume
p.c.u.
p.c.u.
Class 1 (Motorcycles)
Class 2 (Cars)
Class 3 (Vans & Medium
(Veh/hour)
34
330
31
Factor
0.33
1.00
1.75
11.22
330.00
54.25
Trucks)
Class 4 (Heavy Trucks &
17
2.25
38.25
Buses)
Total
412
433.72
TABLE 3
Approach (Movement): PARIT RAJA (THROUGH)
Day/Date: 4/3/2015 (WEDNESDAY)
Lane: 3
Weather: Good
TRAFFIC COUNT
VEHICLE CLASS
TIME
1
8.45-9.00 am
15
23
12
9.00-9.15 am
26
60
25
9.15-9.30 am
18
54
16
9.30-9.45 am
27
54
10
26
Vehicle Class
Traffic Volume
p.c.u.
p.c.u.
Class 1 (Motorcycles)
Class 2 (Cars)
Class 3 (Vans & Medium
(Veh/hour)
86
191
24
Factor
0.33
1.00
1.75
28.38
191.00
42.00
Trucks)
Class 4 (Heavy Trucks &
79
2.25
177.75
Buses)
Total
380
439.13
TABLE 5
Approach (Movement): UTHM (RIGHT-TURN)
Day/Date: 4/3/2015 (WEDNESDAY)
Lane: 1
Weather: Good
TRAFFIC COUNT
VEHICLE CLASS
TIME
1
8.45-9.00 am
10
9.00-9.15 am
12
9.15-9.30 am
20
9.30-9.45 am
13
27
Vehicle Class
Class 1 (Motorcycles)
Traffic Volume
p.c.u.
p.c.u.
(Veh/hour)
25
Factor
0.33
8.25
Class 2 (Cars)
Class 3 (Vans & Medium
69
2
1.00
1.75
69.00
3.50
Trucks)
Class 4 (Heavy Trucks &
2.25
11.25
Buses)
Total
101
92.00
TABLE 6
Approach (Movement): UTHM (LEFT-TURN)
Lane: 2
Time: 8.30 am
Weather: Good
TRAFFIC COUNT
VEHICLE CLASS
TIME
1
8.45-9.00 am
9.00-9.15 am
15
9.15-9.30 am
11
16
9.30-9.45 am
10
23
Vehicle Class
Traffic Volume
p.c.u.
p.c.u.
Class 1 (Motorcycles)
Class 2 (Cars)
Class 3 (Vans & Medium
(Veh/hour)
25
58
5
Factor
0.33
1.00
1.75
8.25
58.00
8.75
Trucks)
Class 4 (Heavy Trucks &
2.25
18.00
Buses)
Total
96
93.00
TABLE 7
Approach (Movement): BATU PAHAT (U-TURN)
Day/Date: 4/3/2015 (WEDNESDAY)
TIME
1
8.45-9.00 am
9.00-9.15 am
17
9.15-9.30 am
9.30-9.45 am
11
Vehicle Class
Traffic Volume
p.c.u.
p.c.u.
Class 1 (Motorcycles)
Class 2 (Cars)
Class 3 (Vans & Medium
(Veh/hour)
15
44
10
Factor
0.33
1.00
1.75
4.95
44.00
17.50
Trucks)
Class 4 (Heavy Trucks &
2.25
2.25
Buses)
Total
70
Note: p.c.u passenger car unit
68.7
TABLE 8
Approach (Movement): BATU PAHAT (THROUGH)
Day/Date: 4/3/2015 (WEDNESDAY)
Lane: 2
Weather: Good
TRAFFIC COUNT
VEHICLE CLASS
TIME
1
8.45-9.00 am
18
31
16
16
9.00-9.15 am
30
40
23
25
9.15-9.30 am
14
59
35
20
9.30-9.45 am
14
54
20
28
Vehicle Class
Traffic Volume
p.c.u.
p.c.u.
Class 1 (Motorcycles)
Class 2 (Cars)
Class 3 (Vans & Medium
(Veh/hour)
76
184
94
Factor
0.33
1.00
1.75
25.08
184.00
164.50
Trucks)
Class 4 (Heavy Trucks &
89
2.25
200.25
Buses)
Total
443
573.83
TABLE 9
Approach (Movement): BATU PAHAT (THROUGH)
Lane: 3
Weather: Good
TRAFFIC COUNT
VEHICLE CLASS
TIME
1
8.45-9.00 am
42
14
9.00-9.15 am
63
13
9.15-9.30 am
60
9.30-9.45 am
74
Vehicle Class
Traffic Volume
p.c.u.
p.c.u.
Class 1 (Motorcycles)
Class 2 (Cars)
Class 3 (Vans & Medium
(Veh/hour)
3
239
44
Factor
0.33
1.00
1.75
0.99
239.00
77.00
Trucks)
Class 4 (Heavy Trucks &
17
2.25
38.25
Buses)
Total
303
355.24
TABLE 10
Approach (Movement): BATU PAHAT (LEFT-TURN)
Day/Date: 4/3/2015 (WEDNESDAY)
Weather: Good
TIME
8.45-9.00 am
12
27
9.00-9.15 am
10
21
9.15-9.30 am
11
25
9.30-9.45 am
17
31
Vehicle Class
Traffic Volume
p.c.u.
p.c.u.
Class 1 (Motorcycles)
Class 2 (Cars)
Class 3 (Vans & Medium
(Veh/hour)
50
104
2
Factor
0.33
1.00
1.75
16.50
104.00
3.50
Trucks)
Class 4 (Heavy Trucks &
2.25
9.00
Buses)
Total
160
133.00
TABLE 11
PHASE
Movement
W (m)
S (pcu/hr)
q(pcu/hr)
y= q/S
y
PT 2
PT 3
II
PT 4 B T 2
BT3
PT 2
III
PT 3
PT 4 PR 1
IV
PR 1
BU 1
UR 1
U R 1,2
4m
4m
4m
4m
4m
4m
4m
4m
4m
4m
9m
1603.4
4
433.72
1603.4
4
439.13
1603.4
4
355.24
1603.4
4
433.72
1603.4
4
439.13
1603.4
4
316.85
1603.4
4
316.85
1603.4
4
68.70
1603.4
4
92.00
428.40
1603.4
4
573.83
0.27
0.27
0.36
0.22
0.27
0.27
0.20
0.20
0.04
0.06
0.22
0.28
0.25
0.12
93.00
0.14
Key:
P = Parit Raja Approach; B = Batu Pahat Approach; U = UTHM
Approach
T = Through; R = Right-turn; L = Left-turn
1 = Lane 1; 2 = Lane 2; 3 = Lane 3; 4 = Lane 4
S = S
Fg
Fr
Fl
Ft
Y=
y1
y2
y3
y4
= 0.28
Amber time, a
= 3 sec
All-red period, R
= 2 sec
Intergreen time, I
= a + R = 5 sec
= 4 sec
TABLE 12
phase
movemen
t
C (sec)
g (sec)
=g /C
S
(pcu/hr)
q (pcu/hr)
q s =(p
cu/sec)
x= q/ S
d (sec)
PT 2
PT 3
II
PT 4 B T 2
BT3
PT 2
III
PT 3
PT 4 PR 1
PR 1
IV
BU 1
UR 1
U R 1,2
112
90
0.80
112
90
0.80
112
90
0.80
112
90
0.80
112
90
0.80
112
90
0.80
110
17
0.15
110
17
0.15
80
32
0.40
80
32
0.40
80
32
0.40
1603.
44
1603.
44
1603.
44
1603.
44
1603.
44
1603.
44
1603.
44
1603.
44
1603.
44
1603.
44
428.
40
433.7
2
0.12
439.1
3
0.12
355.2
4
0.10
433.7
2
0.12
439.1
3
0.12
316.8
5
0.09
92.00
316.8
5
0.09
68.70
573.8
3
0.16
0.02
0.03
93.0
0
0.03
0.34
3.43
0.34
3.43
0.45
4.19
0.28
3.09
0.34
3.43
0.34
3.43
1.32
17.37
1.32
17.37
0.11
13.86
0.14
14.07
0.54
26.0
LOS
d=
9
10
9
10
C (1 )
2(1 x)
1(0.8)(0.34)
2
112(10.8)2
x2
2 q s (1x )
0.34 2
(2)(0.12)(10.34)
6.0 DISCUSSION
Signalized intersection is a study conducted to ensure the safety and smooth operation of
at every intersection. It also carried out to determine the duration of traffic lights to make way for
other vehicles or pedestrians. This can avoid a possible accident. For the LOS of UTHM
intersection that we get from the observation and calculation, for Parit Raja through and Batu
Pahat through of class I and II are A. While for Parit Raja right-turn of class II and III the LOS
are C. For Batu Pahat u-turn and UTHM right-turn of class III and IV the LOS are B. In addition,
UTHM right-turn of class IV the LOS is D. So, we can see that the traffic at UTHM intersection
is a bit busy at the peak hours that 8.45a.m - 9.45 a.m.
Therefore, the level of service can be derived from a road under different operating
characteristics and traffic volumes. The factors affecting level of service (LOS) are speed and
travel time, traffic interruptions/restrictions, freedom to travel with desired speed, driver comfort
and convenience and operating cost.
7.0 CONCLUSION
From the result we can see that the multilane capacity analysis states that the traffic
volume within the Parit Raja and UTHM have improve. This is maybe because of the increasing
of the vehicle in the area. From this survey, we can know when is the tidal flow is occurred.
Since we have done this survey manually, so, the data can possibly have some mistake. Basically,
this survey have to be done in longer time but since we do not have much time, so, we just done
it for one hour with 15 minutes interval. The result and the data give such a helpful information.
By this, we can improve the traffic control and traffic management in Parit Raja. It also can
reduce traffic jam when peak time.
The result of the study indicates that traffic control system have to improve as well as
using canalization, signal, sign etc. The survey data and result may be used for further future
survey to help minimize the problem at the area.