Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
March- 2012
JSS University
Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar
Mysore 570 015
Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) course
REGULATIONS
These regulations shall be called as The Regulations for the B. Pharmacy Degree course of the J.S.S.
University, Mysore.
They shall come into force from the Academic Year 2012 - 2013.
The regulations framed are subject to modifications from time to time by the authorities of the university
Minimum qualification for admission to the course
1. Candidates who have passed two year P.U.C./P.D.C/H.S.C (10+2) examination or an equivalent
examination of any approved Board or university with not less than 40% marks in any
combination comprising Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM) or Physics, Chemistry and
Biology (PCB) or Physics, chemistry, mathematics and Biology (PCMB)
Note: In respect of candidates who have taken P.C.M.B. Combination the aggregate of P.C.M. or
P.C.B. whichever is higher shall be considered for the purpose of admission.
2. In case of students belonging to SC/ST/or Category-I, the minimum percentage of marks for
admission to B. Pharm Course shall be not less than 35% in P.D.C. any combination comprising
Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM) or Physics. Chemistry and Biology (PCB) or
Physics, chemistry, mathematics and Biology (PCMB).
3. Candidates who have passed D.Pharm course with not less than 50% aggregate, from an
institution, approved by Pharmacy Council of India shall be eligible to this course and shall be
admitted directly to II B. Pharm course.
Duration of the course
The course of study for B.Pharm shall extend over a period of four academic years and three
academic years for those admitted to second B. Pharm directly. The curricula and syllabi for the course
shall be prescribed from time to time.
Medium of Instruction and Examinations
Medium of Instruction and Examination shall be English.
Working days in the academic year
Each academic year shall consist of not less than 200 working days.
University Examinations
1. Every year there shall be an examination to examine the students.
2. Each examination will be held twice every year. The first examination in a year shall be the annual
examination and the second examination shall be supplementary examination.
3. The examinations shall be of written and practical (including oral nature) carrying maximum
marks for each part of a subject as indicated in Tables - V, VI, VII and VIII.
Question Pattern
Long Essay 2/3
Short Essay 6/8
Short Answers 5/7
= 2 x 15 = 30 marks
= 6 x 5 = 30 marks
= 5 x 2 = 10 marks
----------------------Total
70 marks
-----------------------
Declaration of class
Class shall be awarded at the end of I, II, III and final year of B.Pharm examination as shown below:
1) Distinction
75% and above
2) First Class
60% and above and less than 75%
3) Second class
50% and above and less than 60%
The result of the successful candidate shall be classified at the end of the final year examination on the
basis of the aggregate of all subjects, theory and practicals, secured by the candidate in the I to IV year
examinations and completes the course in four years, as indicated below.
I Class
II Class
Candidate securing aggregate of 75% or above marks and have passed in all the subjects in a year in first
attempt shall be declared to have obtained Distinction.
Project Work
All the students must submit a short report on a project study undertaken in any of the following
subjects:i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Pharmaceutics
Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Pharmacognosy
Pharmacology
Pharmacy Practice
The project shall be carried out under the guidance of a teacher in the College. The project shall be carried
out either individually or in groups not exceeding 5 in number. The project report shall be submitted in
triplicate (typed copy not exceeding 25 pages).
The project will be evaluated by the examiner at the time of the Practical examination (Final Year)
appointed by the University. The projects shall be evaluated by qualitative grading as Excellent / Good /
Average. The evaluation of the project report shall not be considered for the purpose of pass/class/rank,
but grading shall be included in the Mark Sheet of the Final B. Pharm Course.
Industrial Tour
Candidates studying in final year of the course shall visit several Pharmaceutical manufacturing houses as
a supplement to their academic training and submit a report to the satisfaction of the Head of the
institution where he/she has studied.
Practice School and Industrial training
During III B Pharm and IV B Pharm course, every candidate shall be exposed to Pharmaceutical
Manufacturing operation / research activities for a period of not less than 300 hrs. As a part of this
training, candidates during the III B Pharm course shall be exposed to unit operations in the
college/industry by the industrial experts for a period of 150 hrs and the remaining 150 hrs in
pharmaceutical manufacturing units/ research laboratories during IV B Pharm.
Award of Ranks
Ranks and Medals shall be awarded on the basis of aggregate of all the four university examinations.
However, candidates who fail in one or more subjects during the B.Pharm courses shall not be eligible for
award of ranks.
Moreover, the candidates should have completed the B. Pharm course in minimum prescribed number of
years, (four years) for the award of Ranks.
Award of degree
Candidates who fulfill the requirements mentioned above will be eligible for award of degree during the
ensuing convocation.
Duration for completion of the course of study
The duration for the completion of the course shall be fixed as double the actual duration of the course
and the students have to pass within the said period, otherwise they have to get fresh Registration.
Revaluation I Retotalling of answer papers
There is no provision for revaluation of the answer papers of failed candidates in any examination.
However, the failed candidates can apply for retotalling.
Re-admission after break of study
Candidate who seeks re-admission to the course after break of study has to get the approval from the
university by paying a condonation fee.
No condonation is allowed for the candidate who has more than 2 years of break up period and he/she has
to rejoin the course by paying the required fees.
Sl No
Practical
hours / week
hours / week
1.1
1.2
Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
1.3
Physical Pharmaceutics
1.4
Biochemistry
1.5
Pharmacognosy
15
15
30 hours
Grand Total
Subjects
Theory
Practical
hours / week
hours / week
2.1
Pharmaceutics
2.2
Pharmaceutical Chemistry II
2.3
Industrial Pharmacognosy
2.4
2.5
---
2.6
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence
---
18
12
Grand Total
30 hours
Sl No
Practical
hours / week
hours / week
3.1
Medicinal Chemistry -I
3.2
Pharmacology I
3.3
Pharmaceutical Engineering
3.4
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
3.5
--
3.6
--
18
12
30 hours
Grand Total
Sl No
Practical
hours / week
hours / week
4.1
4.2
Pharmacology II
4.3
4.4
4.5
Pharmacy Practice
--
4.6
--
18
12
Grand Total
30 hours
Sl.
No.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Subject
30
30
30
30
03
03
03
03
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
500
03
03
03
03
30
30
30
30
04
04
04
04
70
70
70
70
Total
Marks
100
100
100
100
100
500
1000
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
Subject
Pharmaceutics
Pharmaceutical Chemistry
II
Industrial Pharmacognosy
Biostatistics & Computer
applications
Social Pharmacy and
Behavioral Science
Pharmaceutical
Jurisprudence
Total
Grand Total
Theory Examination
Sessional
Annual
Duration Marks Duration Marks
(Hrs)
(Hrs)
1.5
30
03
70
1.5
30
03
70
Total
Marks
100
100
Practical Examination
Sessional
Annual
Duration Marks Duration Marks
(Hrs)
(Hrs)
03
30
04
70
03
30
04
70
1.5
1.5
30
30
03
03
70
70
100
100
1.5
30
03
70
100
No Practical
1.5
30
03
70
100
No Practical
600
03
03
30
30
04
04
70
70
Total
Marks
100
100
100
100
400
1000
8
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
Subject
Medicinal Chemistry I
Pharmacology I
Pharmaceutical Engineering
Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology
Pharmaceutical Quality
Assurance
Biopharmaceutics &
Pharmacokinetics
Total
Grand Total
Theory Examination
Sessional
Annual
Duration Marks Duration Marks
(Hrs)
(Hrs)
1.5
30
03
70
1.5
30
03
70
1.5
30
03
70
1.5
30
03
70
Total
Marks
100
100
100
100
Practical Examination
Sessional
Annual
Duration Marks Duration Marks
(Hrs)
(Hrs)
03
30
04
70
03
30
04
70
03
30
04
70
03
30
04
70
1.5
30
03
70
100
No Practical
1.5
30
03
70
100
No Practical
600
Total
Marks
100
100
100
100
400
1000
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
Subject
Medicinal Chemistry II
Pharmacology II
Formulative and Industrial
Pharmacy
Instrumental Methods of
Analysis
Pharmacy Practice
Pharmaceutical Marketing and
Management
Total
Grand Total
Theory Examination
Sessional
Annual
Duration Marks Duration Marks
(Hrs)
(Hrs)
1.5
30
03
70
1.5
30
03
70
1.5
30
03
70
Total
Marks
100
100
100
1.5
30
03
70
100
1.5
1.5
30
30
03
03
70
70
100
100
600
Practical Examination
Sessional
Annual
Duration Marks Duration Marks
(Hrs)
(Hrs)
03
30
04
70
03
30
04
70
03
30
04
70
03
30
04
70
Total
Marks
100
100
100
100
No Practical
400
1000
9
10
COURSE CONTENTS
First year B. Pharm
Sl.
Subjects
No.
Theory
hours / week
Practical
hours / week
1.1
1.2
Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
1.3
Physical Pharmaceutics
1.4
Biochemistry
1.5
Pharmacognosy
15
15
Grand Total
30 hours
11
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of the
various systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostatic mechanisms and
homeostatic imbalances of various systems of the body. Since a medicament, which is produced by the
pharmacist, is used in various disease conditions to correct the abnormal functioning of the body systems,
the basic knowledge of this subject is must for a student to understand how drugs act on various
systems/organs in correcting the disease state of organs/systems. Thus it becomes a prerequisite subject
for the pharmacy course.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
Understand the gross morphology, structure and functions of various organs of the human body.
Understand the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
Perform the hematological tests like blood cell counts, haemoglobin estimation, bleeding/clotting
time etc and also record blood pressure, ECG, heart rate, pulse and respiratory volume.
Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system
Appreciate the interlinked mechanisms in the maintenance of normal functioning (homeostasis) of
human body.
Lecture wise programme:
Topic
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Introduction
Definition, scope of anatomy and physiology, description of body and basic
terminologies.
General anatomy and physiology
Cell, cell junctions, transport mechanisms, homeostasis, ion channels, cell
communication and signaling pathways.
Tissues
Definition, classification of tissues, their location, characteristics and Functions.
Human skeleton
Structure, composition, classification and function of bones. Identification and few
salient features of important bones of axial and appendicular skeleton.
Classification of joints, types of movements.
Body fluids and blood
Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, haemopoiesis, mechanism of
coagulation, bleeding and clotting disorders, blood grouping and its significance,
blood transfusion, lymphatic system and reticuloendothelial system. Definitions of
Anemia, Hemophilia, leukemia and lymphoma.
Cardio Vascular system
Anatomy and physiology of heart, blood circulation, cardiac output, cardiac cycle,
heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, heart sounds. Definitions of
Hrs
1
4
2
12
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
11
2
13
Experiments
1.
2.
3.
Identification of bones
4.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
5.
Recommended Books
1. Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam.
2. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson.
3. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor.
4. Text book of Medical Physiology-Guyton and Hall.
5. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski.
6. Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje
7. Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh
8. Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai
9. Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma.
14
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: This subject consists of two sections. The organic chemistry section deals with classification and
nomenclature of organic compounds, structural isomerism, intermediates forming in reactions, important
physical properties, reactions and methods of preparation of compounds. The syllabus also emphasizes on
mechanisms and orientation of reactions. The analytical chemistry section designed to enable the students
to have fundamental knowledge of volumetric analysis and determination of impurities in
Pharmaceuticals.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
write the structure, name, type of isomerism of the organic compound
write the reaction, name the reaction and understand orientation of reactions
account for reactivity/stability of compounds,
identify/confirm the organic compound
know the principle of volumetric analysis of drugs.
Lecture wise programme:
Section A: Organic Chemistry
45 hrs
General methods of preparation, General reactions of compounds marked* to be explained.
To emphasize on definition, types/ classification, mechanisms, uses/applications, examples,
differences
Topics
Hrs
10
12
15
5
6
Alkyl halides*
a. SN1 and SN2 reactions-kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides,
stereochemistry and rearrangement of carbocations.SN1 versus SN2
reactions, Factors affecting SN1 and SN2 reactions
b. Nucleophilic substitution versus elimination reactions
Alcohols*
Carbonyl compounds* (Aldehydes and ketones)
Electromeric effect, aldol condensation, crossed aldol condensation, cannizaro
reaction, crossed cannizaro reaction, benzoin condensation, perkin condensation,
Knoevenagel reaction, reformatsky reaction.
a) Carboxylic acids*
Acidity of carboxylic acids, effect of substituents on acidity, inductive effect
b) Carboxylic acid derivatives*
Section B: Analytical Chemistry
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Errors:
Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimisizing errors, accuracy,
precision and significant figures.
Impurities:
Source and effect of impurities in pharmacopoeial substances, importance of limit
test, general principle and procedures for limit test, limit test for chloride, sulphate,
Iron, Arsenic, Lead and heavy metals.
Fundamentals of volumetric analysis:
Theories of Acid-Base indicators and methods of expressing concentrations.
Primary and secondary standard. Preparation and standardization of various
molar/normal solutions like oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid,
sodium thiosulphate, sulpuric acid, potassium permanganate, iodine and ceric
ammonium sulphate solution.
Acid base titration:
Classification, estimation of strong, weak, very weak Acids and Bases
Non-aqueous titration:
Introduction, solvents, classification with examples
Principles of redox titrations:
Concept of oxidation and reduction. Redox reactions, strength and equivalent
weights of oxidizing and reducing agents, theory of redox titrations, cerimetry,
Iodimetry, Iodometry, bromometry.
Complexometric titrations:
Classification with examples, Metal ion indicator, mechanism.
Principles of precipitation titrations:
Different methods- Mohr's, Modified Mohr's, Volhard's, Modified Volhard's,
Fajans methods with example.
Gravimetry: Introduction and steps involved in gravimetric methods of analysis
3
6
30 Hrs
2
2
3
4
3
3
16
4
5
Experiments
1
2
7
9
10
5
7
17
Recommended Books
1. Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd
2. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar , Volume-I
3. Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.
4. Organic Chemistry by P.L.Soni
5. A.H.Beckett & J.B. Stenlake's -Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone Press of
University of London, 4th edition.
6. Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis by Vogel
7. Bentely and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical chemistry
8. Analytical chemistry principles by John H. Kennedy.
9. I.P.1985 ,1996, 2008 Govt. of India, Ministry of Health
10. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders.
11. Vogels text book of Practical Organic Chemistry
12. Advanced Practical organic chemistry by N.K.Vishnoi.
13. Introduction to Organic Laboratory techniques by Pavia, Lampman and Kriz.
18
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: The course deals with the various physical, physicochemical properties and principle involved in
formulations of dosage forms. Theory and practical components of the subject help the student to get a
better insight in to various areas of formulation research and development and stability studies of
pharmaceuticals.
Objectives: Upon the completion of the course student shall be able to
Understand various physicochemical properties of drug molecules in the designing the dosage
form
Know the principles of chemical kinetics & to use them in assigning expiry date for formulation
Demonstrate use of physicochemical properties in evaluation of dosage forms.
Appreciate physicochemical properties of drug molecules in formulation research and
development
Lecture wise programme:
Topic
1.
2.
3.
Hrs
6
10
19
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Micromeretics
Particle size and distribution, average particle size, number and weight distribution,
particle number, methods for determining particle size, optical microscopy,
sieving, sedimentation measurement, particle shape, specific surface, methods for
determining surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powders,
porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness & flow properties.
Rheology
Newtonian systems, law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature on
viscosity, Non-Newtonian systems- plastic, pseudoplastic and dilatants systems.
Thixotropy, thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity, capillary, falling
ball, rotational viscometers.
Drug stability
Reaction kinetics: zero, pseudo-zero, first & second order, units of basic rate
constants, determination of reaction order. Physical and chemical factors
influencing the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical product: temperature,
solvent, ionic strength, dielectric constant, specific & general acid base catalysis,
light. Simple numerical problems.
Stabilization of medicinal agents against common reactions like hydrolysis &
oxidation.
Accelerated stability testing in dating of pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Colloidal dispersions
Classification of dispersed systems & their general characteristics, size & shapes of
colloidal particles, classification of colloids & comparative account of their general
properties. Optical, kinetic & electrical properties. Effect of electrolytes on
colloids, coacervation, peptization & protective action.
Coarse dispersion
Suspension, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions,
formulation of suspensions, emulsions and theories of emulsification. Physical
stability of emulsions, preservation of emulsions, rheological properties of
emulsions, phase equilibria and emulsion formulation, special emulsion systems,
semisolids and gels.
Complexation and protein binding
Metal complexes, organic molecular complexes, inclusion compounds, methods of
analysis, protein binding, complexation and drug action, crystalline structures of
complexes and thermodynamic treatment of stability constants.
10
10
20
Experiments
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
21
Recommended Books
1. Physical pharmacy by Alfred Martin
2. Experimental pharmaceutics by Eugene, Parott.
3. Tutorial pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
4. Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical calculations, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
5. Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets, Volume-1 to 3, Marcel
Dekkar Inc.
6. Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical dosage forms disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3.
Marcel Dekkar Inc.
7. Laboratory manual of physical pharmaceutics, C.V.S.Subramanyam, J. Thimma setty
22
1.4 Biochemistry
THEORY
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: Biochemistry deals with complete understanding of the molecular levels of the chemical process
associated with living cells. The scope of the present course is providing biochemical facts and the
principles to understand metabolism of nutrient molecules in physiological and pathological conditions,
which can help to understand the mechanism of drug action and fundamental changes occur in diseases.
Objectives:
Upon completion of course student shell able to
Understand the catalytic role of enzymes, importance of enzyme inhibitors in design of new drugs,
therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes.
Understand the metabolism of nutrient molecules in physiological and pathological conditions.
Understand the genetic organization of mammalian genome, functions of DNA and RNA in
protein synthesis.
Understand the principles of organ functions tests and their clinical significances
Lecture wise programme:
Topics
Introduction to biochemistry:
Hrs
03
Bioenergetics:
04
Enzymes
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
13
23
Biological oxidation
a.
b.
c.
d.
12
Lipid metabolism
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Carbohydrate metabolism
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
04
10
11
04
24
10
08
Clinical biochemistry
05
a. Role of the kidney: routine performed Laboratory tests (serum creatinine, creatinine
clearance, serum urea and serum uric acid )
b. Liver functions: Metabolic, synthetic, excretion & detoxification. Tests to evaluate the
liver functions
c. Composition and significance of lipoproteins; Lipid profile tests
25
II
II
IV
VI
Title of Experiment
Qualitative tests for biomolecules
1. Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates
2. Qualitative analysis of Proteins
Liver functions tests
1. Determination of Serum Glutamate Oxoloacetate Transaminase
2. Determination of Serum Glutamate Pyrvuate Transaminase
3. Determination of blood and urine sugar to asses metabolic function
4. Determination of serum calcium
Kidney functions tests
1. Qualitative analysis of urine for normal constituents
2. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents
3. Determination of serum total proteins
4. Determination of blood creatine
5. Determination of urine creatinine
6. Determination of blood urea
Lipid profile tests
1. Determination of serum cholesterol
2. Determination of serum triglycerides
Determination of enzyme activity and study the factors effect of enzyme
activity
1. Determination of Salivary amylase activity
2. Study the effect of pH on salivary amylase activity.
3. Study the effect of Temperature on Salivary amylase activity.
4. Study the effect of substrate concentration on salivary amylase
activity.
Demo experiment on determination of biochemical parameter in blood
using auto analyzer
Experiments
6
26
Recommended Books
1. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger.
2. Harpers Biochemistry by Robert K. Murry, Daryl K. Granner and Victor W. Rodwell.
3. Biochemistry by Stryer.
4. Biochemistry by D. Satyanarayan and U.Chakrapani
5. Textbook of Biochemistry by Rama Rao.
6. Textbook of Biochemistry by Deb.
7. Outlines of Biochemistry by Conn and Stumpf
8. Practical Biochemistry by R.C. Gupta and S. Bhargavan.
9. Introduction of Practical Biochemistry by David T. Plummer. (3rd Edition)
10. Practical Biochemistry for Medical students by Rajagopal and Ramakrishna.
11. Practical Biochemistry by Harold Varley.
12. Laboratory manual of Biochemistry by Pattabiraman and Sitaram Acharya
27
1.5 Pharmacognosy
THEORY
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: To learn and understand the cultivation and production of crude drugs and their usefulness.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to
Know the advances in the cultivation and production of drugs
Know the evaluation techniques for the herbal drugs.
Lecture wise programme:
Topic
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Hrs
2
5
10
2
35
i.
7.
8.
9.
10.
5
4
5
3
4
5
6
Experiments
12
1
1
1
Recommended Books
1. Pharmacognosy: V.E.Tyler. Lynn. R. Brady, James E. Robgers.
2. Text book of Pharmacognosy by T.E.Wallis.
3. Study of crude drugs by Iyenger.
4. Powder crude drugs by Iyenger
5. Chemistry of organic natural products vol. I and II by O.P. Agarwal.
6. Practical pharmaceutical chemistry by Backett and Stanlake
7. Indian herbal pharmacopoeia and British herbal pharmacopoeia
8. Anatomy of crude drugs by M.A. Iyengar
9. Text book of Pharmacognosy Ed.3-C.K. Kokate.
10. Pharmacognosy Pharmacobiotechnology- James Bobbers, Marilyn K, Speedice & V E.Tylor.
29
Subjects
No.
Theory
Practical
hours / week
hours / week
2.1
Pharmaceutics
2.2
Pharmaceutical Chemistry II
2.3
Industrial Pharmacognosy
2.4
2.5
--
2.6
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence
--
18
12
Grand Total
30 hours
30
2.1 Pharmaceutics
THEORY
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the art and science of formulating
different dosage forms. It prepares the students for most basics of the applied field of pharmacy.
Objectives: Upon the completion of the course the student should be able to:
Know the formulation aspects of different dosage forms
Do different pharmaceutical calculation involved in formulation
Formulate different types of dosage forms
Appreciate the importance of good formulation for effectiveness
Lecture wise programme:
Topic
1
Hrs
05
05
06
04
04
04
02
31
03
06
06
05
05
06
04
04
06
32
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Syrups
a) Simple syrup
b) Chlorpheniramine maleate syrup
Elixirs
a) Piperazine citrate elixir
b) Paracetamol paediatric elixir
Solutions
a) Strong solution of ammonium acetate
b) Cresol with soap solution
Suspensions
a) Calamine lotion
b) Magnesium hydroxide mixture
Emulsions
a) Castor oil emulsion
b) Liquid paraffin emulsion
Powders and Granules
a) Eutectic powder
b) Effervescent granules
c) Granule preparation-Wet granulation
d) Granule preparation-dry granulation
e) Pellets preparation-extruder spherinizer/ FBP
Suppositories
a) Boric acid suppository
Semisolids
a) Sulphur ointment
b) Cold cream
c) Vanishing cream
d) Bentonite Gel
e) In situ gel preparation
Gargles and Mouth Washes
a) Potassium chlorate gargle
b) Any antiseptic mouth washes
Tinctures
a) Orange tincture
b) Compound Benzoin tincture
No of classes
2
1
5
33
Recommended Books
1. H.C. Ansel et al, Pharmaceutical Dosage form and Drug delivery system, Lippincott Williams and
Walkins, New Delhi, 7th Edition, 2000.
2. Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunns-Dispensing for Pharmaceutical students, CBS publishers, New
Delhi 12th Edition. 2000.
3. M.E. Aulton, Pharmaceutics, The Science& Dosage Form Design, Churchill Livingstone,
Edinburgh, 2nd Edition, 2002.
4. Indian pharmacopoeia and British pharmacopoeia.
5. Theory and practice of Industrial pharmacy by Lachmann.
6. Alfonso R. Gennaro Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy, Vol I and Vol II,
Lipponcott Williams, 20th edition, 2000.
7. Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunns-Tutorial pharmacy, CBS Publications, New Delhi, 6th edition,
2000.
8. E.A. Rawlins, Bentleys text book of Pharmaceutics, English language Book Society, 8th edition,
1997.
9. Isaac Ghebre Sellassie: Pharmaceutical; Pelletization Technology, Marcel Dekker, INC, New
York, 1989.
10. Dilip M. Parikh: Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, Marcel Dekker, INC,
New York, 1997.
11. Francoise Nieloud and Gilberte Marti-Mestres: Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions,
Marcel Dekker, INC, New York, 2000.
34
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: The subject deals with structure, stability and reactivity of organic compounds. It emphasizes on
mechanisms and orientation of reactions. The syllabus includes physical properties of organic compounds
and named reactions. This course also deals with stereo chemical aspects of organic compounds and
stereo chemical reactions.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
write the structure, name, the type of isomerism of the organic compound
write the reaction, name the reaction and understand orientation of reactions
understand the stereo chemical aspects of organic compounds and reactions
know and account for stability/reactivity/orientation
Lecture wise programme:
Topics
Hrs
18
35
18
15
36
II
III
37
IV
V
VI
Recommended Books
1. Organic chemistry by I. L. Finar, Volume-I & II.
2. A text book of organic chemistry Arun Bahl , B.S.Bahl.
3. Heterocyclic Chemistry by Raj K. Bansal
4. Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd
5. Heterocyclic Chemistry by T.L.Gilchrist
6. Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry by AI Vogel, Part- III, Quantitative Organic
Analysis.
7. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders.
8. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Volume- I & II by Beckett and J. B.Stanlake
9. Indian Pharmacopoeia
10. Vogels text book of Practical Organic Chemistry
11. Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry by N. K. Vishnoi
38
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: To learn and understand the techniques involved in the herbal drug, cosmetic preparation and their
standardization
Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to
know the modern extraction techniques, characterization and identification of the herbal drugs
understand the preparation and development of herbal drugs as per GMP guidelines
Lecture wise programme:
1
3
4
6
7
8
9
Topics
Modern methods of extraction, application of latest techniques like
Spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis in the isolation, purification
and identification of crude drugs.
a) Introduction to plant biochemistry with special reference to basic metabolic
pathways.
b) Introduction to biogenesis of secondary metabolites like Atropine,
Ergotamine, Morphine and Steroidal glycosides.
c) Study of utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of
Biogenetic studies.
A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work on
medicinal and aromatic plants in India.
Industrial production and estimation of the following phytoconstituents:
Forskolin,
Sennoside, Artemisinin, Diosgenin,, Tropane alkaloids.,
Curcumin,Rutin, Phyllanthin, Asiaticoside, Andrographolides and Gymnemic
acid
Herbal formulation development and standardization
a) Preparation, stability testing of Herbal extracts and formulations
b) Role of Herbs in Cosmetics
Hair care preparation - Henna, Amla, Hibiscus
Skin Care preparation Aloe vera, Turmeric, Sandal wood
c) Neutraceuticals
WHO Guidelines for the assessment of Herbal Medicine and Cosmetics
a) Basic principles involved in the alternative system of medicine viz.
Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy
b) Preparation and standardization of Ayurvedic formulations i.e.
Aristas, Asawas, Ghutika,Churna, Leha and Bhasma.
Plant Toxins and adverse drug reactions:
Natural allergens, Hallucinogens, Teratogens.
Plant tissue culture:
Historical development, nutritional requirements, growth and their
maintenance, applications of plant tissue culture and types of cultures related to
cell suspension culture, callus culture, hairy root culture and protoplast culture
Hrs
11
08
02
10
10
02
07
06
07
39
10 Enzyme Biotechnology
Introduction, general methods of isolation, purification and application of
immobilized enzymes.
Biological sources, methods of preparation, chemical nature and uses of:
a. Papain b. Pepsin c. Trypsin d. Pancreatin e. Asparaginase, urokinase
11
a) Herb-Drug interaction
b) Edible Vaccine
07
02
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Experiments
08
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
Recommended Books
1. Pharmacognosy by Trease and Evans 14th and 15th edition.
2. Pharmacognosy Pharmacobiotechnology- James Bobbers, Marilyn K, Speedice & V.E. Tylor.
3. Herbal Drug Industry R.D.Chowdary.
4. The formulation and preparation of cosmetic, fragrances and flavours.
5. Remingtons Pharmaceutical sciences.
6. WHO Guidelines website http:/www/who.int/druginformation
7. Standardization of botanicals.
8. Quality Control Herbal Drugs - Pulok K.Mukherjee.
9. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry I edition, vol- l &II by Vinod. D. Rangari
10. Practical Pharmacognosy, III edition, C.K. Kokate.
40
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: This subject deals with the introduction to computers, M.S. Word, M.S. Excel, Computer
graphics, operating system, softwares, Net-work, Internet, Computer application in clinical studies.
Biostatistics deals with the Frequency distribution, Graphics, Measures of central tendency, Correlation,
Regression, Probability theory, Sampling technique, Sample, Parameter, Statistics, Students t-test and
Pharmaceutical examples.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
know the operation of M.S. Word, M.S. Excel, M.S. Access
know the various application of computers in pharmacy
know the various statistical technique to solve statistical problems
solve statistical problems by using Excel
appreciate various applications of software packages in Pharmacy
Appreciate statistical techniques in solving the problems.
Lecture wise programme:
01
02
03
04
05
06
Topics
Section A: Biostatistics
Definition, Types of frequency distribution,
Frequency distribution:
Cumulative frequency
Graphical Representation: Histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve,
Semi logarithmic graph, ogive.
Measures of central tendency : Average, Types of averages - Mean, Median,
Mode, Harmonic mean, Geometric mean, Quartile, deciles, percentile Pharmaceutical examples
Measures of dispersion : Dispersion, Range, quartile deviation, mean
deviation, standard deviation, Variance, coefficient of variation, application
of coefficient of variation in pharmacy, skewness, Kurtosis, coefficient of
skewness, Pharmaceutical problems
Correlation : Definition, Types of correlation, Karl Pearsons coefficient of
correlation, Rank difference method, Correction of tied ranks, Multiple
correlation - Pharmaceuticals examples
Regression: Curve fitting by the method of least squares, fitting the lines y= a
+ bx and x = a + by, fitting the curve y = ab x , fitting exponential curve,
Multiple regression, standard error of regression, difference between
regression and correlation Pharmaceutical Examples
Probability : Trial, event, sure event, random event, Sample space, Definition
of probability, mutually exclusive events, Independent event, Laws of
Probability - simple problems, Binomial distribution, Normal distribution,
Poissons distribution, properties - problems
Hrs
06
08
08
05
05
06
41
07
08
05
04
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
05
08
02
02
02
02
01
03
03
42
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Experiments
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
43
Books Recommended
1. Pharmaceutical Statistics - By Sanford Bolton Third/Fourth Edition
2. Comdex Computer Course Kit - Vikas Guptha
3. Fundamental of Statistics - S.C.Guptha
4. Practical Problems in Statistics D.N.Elhance and Veen Elhance
5. Microsoft Office Access 2003 - Cary N.Prague, Michael R.Irwin
6. Statistics - Kapoor
7. Fundamental of Statistics - S.N.Guptha
8. Methods in Biostatistics B.K.Mahajan
44
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: Social Pharmacy and Behavioral Science course will prepare the young pharmacy student to fit
into the social role as Pharmacist. Interaction of pharmacist with doctors, nurses, dentists, physiotherapists
and other health workers is to develop team spirit in pharmacist. Rational drug use and essential drugs
concepts can be realized with meaningful interaction of pharmacists with other health care providers. At
the end of this course the student will get the soft skills set to work cohesively with the team as a team
player and will add value to the pharmaceutical business.
Objectives:
Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
Understand the behavioral needs for a Pharmacist to function effectively in the areas of
pharmaceutical Operation
Communicate effectively ( Verbal and Non Verbal)
Effectively Manage the team as a team player
Manage the time effectively
Develop Leadership Qualities and Essentials
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Topics
Hrs
02
10
08
15
10
45
6.
7.
10
12
46
Communications Skills:
a) Oral and written communications
b) Electronic communication
c) Discussions and meetings outcome as a communication
d) Presentation and Group discussion
e) Postures during the presentation or one to one meeting
f) Appraisals of staff by a Manager
g) Meetings Vs Structured meetings
h) Components of Meetings and Meeting Outcome
i) Communication skills in pharmacy practice
Text Books
1. Social Pharmacy Innovation & development Harding Jeoffrey, Pharmaceutical Press,
London (1994).
Reference Books
1. Use of Essential Drugs- WHO expert committee 1997.
2. Estimating drug requirement practical manual- WHO, Geneva.
3. Public education in rational drug use- WHO, Geneva.
4. Inspired, Organized & Effective! by Darrin Salle (Feb 8, 2012).
5. Creating Successful CV - Simon Howard
6. How to Delegate Robert Heller, DK Publication
7. Appraising Staff Ken Langdon, Christina Osborne
8. Motivating People Robert Heller
9. 18 Minutes: Find Your Focus, Master Distraction and Get the Right Things Done
10. Senn Delaney Leadership and Team
11. Say Goodbye to Chaos - Organize Your Life: This Ultimate Guide of Organizing Tips will
Teach You How to Get Organized and How to Stay Organized [Kindle Edition] Edward V.
Lewis, BlueSheepBooks
12. Steven Coveys - 8th Habit
13. The Seven habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Covey
14. Communicating: A Social and Career Focus - Andrew D. Wolvin
15. Interpersonal Communication: Everyday Encounters (Wadsworth Series in Communication
Studies)
16. The 80-20 Principle by Richard Koch
17. Mind Gym
18. The One Minute Manager Meets: The Monkey by Ken Blanchard
47
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: The subject deals with several important legislations related to the profession of pharmacy in
India. The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, along with its amendments is the core of this course. Other acts,
which are covered, include the Pharmacy Act, dangerous drugs, medicinal and toilet preparation Act etc.
Besides this the new drug policy, professional ethics, DPCO, patent and design Act will be discussed
Objectives: At the end of the course, the student shell able to
Know and understand the Pharmaceutical legislations and their implications in the development
and marketing
Understand and follow the code of ethics during the pharmaceutical practice
Know and understand various Indian pharmaceutical acts and laws
Know about the process of drug discovery and developments
Know the regulatory authorities and agencies governing the manufacture and sale of
pharmaceuticals
Know the regulatory approval process and their registration in Indian and international markets
Lecture wise programme:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Topics
Definition and scope of Forensic Pharmacy
Pharmaceutical Legislation-A brief review
Introduction, Study of drugs enquiry committee, Health survey and development
committee, Hathi committee and Mudaliar committee
Code of Pharmaceutical ethics
Definition, Pharmacist in relation to his job, trade, medical profession and his
profession, Pharmacists oath.
Pharmacy act-1948 & new Amendments
Objectives, Definitions, Pharmacy Council of India; its constitution and
functions, Education Regulations, State and Joint state pharmacy councils,
Registration of Pharmacists, Offences and Penalties.
Drugs and cosmetics act 1940 and rules 1945 & New Amendments
Objectives, Definitions, Legal definitions of schedules to the act and rules
Import of drugs Classes of drugs and cosmetics prohibited from import, Import
under license or permit.
Manufacture of drugs Prohibition of manufacture and sale of certain drugs,
Conditions for grant of license and conditions of license for manufacture of
drugs, Manufacture of drugs for test, examination and analysis, manufacture of
new drug, loan license and repacking license. Detailed study of schedule M, N
and Y.
Sale of Drugs Wholesale, Retail sale and Restricted license.
Labeling & Packing of drugs- General labeling requirements and specimen labels
Hrs
1
2
12
48
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
2
2
1
8
12
10
10
49
Recommended books
1. Forensic Pharmacy by B. Suresh
2. Text book of Forensic Pharmacy by B.M. Mithal
3. Hand book of drug law-by M.L. Mehra
4. A text book of Forensic Pharmacy by N.K. Jain
5. Drugs and Cosmetics Act/Rules by Govt. of India publications.
6. Medicinal and Toilet preparations act 1955 by Govt. of India publications.
7. Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances act by Govt. of India publications
8. Drugs and Magic Remedies act by Govt. of India publications.
9. Drug Regulatory Affairs by Sachin Itkar, Dr. N.S. Vyawahare, Nirali Prakashan.
10. The Pharmaceutical Regulatory Process, Second Edition Edited by Ira R. Berry and Robert P.
Martin, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences,Vol.185. Informa Health care Publishers.
11. New Drug Approval Process: Accelerating Global Registrations By Richard A Guarino, MD, 5th
edition, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences,Vol.190.
12. Guidebook for drug regulatory submissions / Sandy Weinberg . By John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
13. FDA Regulatory Affairs: a guide for prescription drugs, medical devices, and biologics /edited by
Douglas J. Pisano, David Mantus.
50
Subjects
No.
Theory
Practical
hours / week
hours / week
3.1
Medicinal Chemistry I
3.2
Pharmacology I
3.3
Pharmaceutical Engineering
3.4
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
3.5
---
3.6
---
18
12
Grand Total
30 hours
51
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure, chemistry and
therapeutic value of drugs. The subject emphasizes on structure activity relationships of drugs, importance
of physicochemical properties and metabolism of drugs. The syllabus also emphasis on chemical
synthesis of important drugs under each class.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
understand the chemistry of drugs with respect to their pharmacological activity.
understand the drug metabolic pathways, adverse effect and therapeutic value of drugs.
know the Structural Activity Relationship of different class of drugs.
write the chemical synthesis of some drugs
Lecture wise programme:
I.
II.
Topics
Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry
A. History and development of medicinal chemistry
B. Physicochemical properties in relation to biological action
Ionization, Solubility, Partition Coefficient, hydrogen bonding, protein
binding, chelation, Bioisosterism, optical and geometrical isomerism
C. Drug metabolism
General pathways of drug metabolism (different types of reaction in phase-I
and phase-II with examples)
Factors affecting drug metabolism including stereochemical aspects
Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System
A. Adrenergic Neurotransmitters:
Biosynthesis and catabolism of catecholamine
Adrenergic receptors system (Alpha & Beta) and their distribution
B. Sympathomimetic agents: SAR of Sympathomimetic agents
Direct acting: Nor-epinephrine, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine*, Dopamine,
Methyldopa, Clonidine*, Dobutamine, Isoproterenol, Terbutaline,
Salmeterol, Salbutamol*, Bitolterol, Albuterol, Ritodrine, Naphazoline,
Tetrahydrozoline, Oxymetazoline and Xylometazoline
Indirect acting agents: Hydroxyamphetamine, Pseudoephedrine,
Propylhexedrine
Agents with mixed mechanism: Ephedrine*, Metaraminol
C. Adrenergic Antagonists:
Alpha
adrenergic
blockers:
Tolazoline*,
Phentolamine*,
Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin, Tetrazosin, Doxazosin, Ergotamine,
Methysergide
Hrs
12
01
05
06
22
02
04
03
52
III.
02
03
05
03
18
02
53
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
04
01
03
04
04
54
IV.
23
03
D.
03
E.
Diuretics:
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Acetazolamide*, Methazolamide,
Dichlorphenamide.
Thiazides: Chlorthiazide*, Hydrochlorothiazide*, Hydroflumethiazide,
Cyclothiazide,
Loop diuretics: Furosemide*, Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid.
Potassium sparing Diuretics: Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride*
Miscelleneous: Mannitol, and Theophylline
Anti-hyperlipidemic agents: Clofibrate, lovastatin, cholesteramine and
cholestipol
Coagulant & Anticoagulants: menodione, acetomenadione, Warferin*,
phenindione
Oral hypoglycemic agents: tolbutamide, metformin, glipizide, pioglitazone,
acarabose
Thyroid & Antithyriid: L-Thyroxine, L-Thyronine, Propylthiouracil,
Methimazole.
Drugs acting on GIT:
Antacids, antiulcers, laxatives and anti-diarrhoeal agents, emetics &
antiemetics
04
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
01
03
01
01
01
01
05
55
1.
2.
3.
Experiments
12
09
56
Recommended Books
1. Wilson and Giswolds Organic medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 11 th edition.
2. Foyes Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, 5th edition.
3. Burgers Medicinal Chemistry, Vol I to IV.
4. Introduction to principles of drug design- Smith and Williams.
5. Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20th edition.
6. Martindales extra pharmacopoeia.
7. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Vol. II.
8. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis by Lednicer, Vol. 1-5.
9. Indian Pharmacopoeia 1996 and 2007 editions.
10. Text book of practical organic chemistry- A.I.Vogel, 5th edtion.
57
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: The main purpose of the subject is to understand what drugs do to the living organisms and how
their effects can be applied to therapeutics. The subject covers the complete information about the drugs
like sources, physico chemical properties, mechanism of action, physiological and biochemical effects
(pharmacodynamics) as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (pharmacokinetics)
along with the adverse effects, clinical uses, interactions, doses, contraindications and routes of
administration of different classes of drugs.
Objectives: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to
explain the pharmacological actions of different categories of drugs on various systems of the
body.
explain the mechanism of drug action at organ system/sub cellular/ macromolecular levels.
apply the basic pharmacological knowledge in the prevention and treatment of various diseases.
handle the animals and conduct the experiments to observe the effect of drugs from different
therapeutic classes and to interpret the results using suitable statistical analysis.
appreciate correlation of pharmacology with other bio medical sciences
Lecture wise programme:
Topics
1.
2.
General Pharmacology
a. Introduction to Pharmacology- Definition and various branches of
pharmacology.
b. Pharmacodynamics- Principles and mechanisms of drug action. Classification
of receptors, Signal transduction mechanisms of ligand gated ion channels, G
Proteincoupled receptors, Kinase linked receptors and receptors that regulate
transcription factors. Drug receptors interactions, combined effects of drugs and
factors modifying drug action.
c. Pharmacokinetics- Detail study of various factors influencing drug absorption,
distribution, metabolism and excretion.
d. Pharmacogenetics.
e. Adverse drug reactions.
f. Discovery and development of new drugs-Preclinical and clinical studies.
Pharmacology of Peripheral Nervous System
a. Organization and function of ANS.
b. Neurohumoral transmission.
c. Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics and
Sympatholytics.
d. Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral).
Hrs
20
12
58
3.
4.
5.
6.
21
16
3
3
59
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Experiments
6
2
2
7
1
1
1
1
1
Recommended Books
1. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology by K.D.Tripathi.
2. Pharmacology and Pharmacotherpeutics by Satoskar R.S and Bhandarkar S.D.
3. Lippincotts illustrated Reviews- Pharmacology by Mycek M.J, Gelnet S.B and Perper M.M.
4. Hand book of Experimental Pharmacology by Kulkarni.S.K.
5. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology by M. N. Ghosh.
6. Pharmacology by Rang. M.P. Dale, M.M, Reter J.M.
7. Goodman and Gilmans, The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics by Gillman G, Rall T.W.,Nies
A.I.S., and Taylor P.
8. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology by Katzung B.G.
60
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the art and science of various
machines and their handling in pharmaceutical industry. This course focuses on various topics like unit
operations, material handling, pharma plant construction, corrosion, industrial pollution etc.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able
1. to know various unit operations used in Pharmaceutical Industries.
2. to understand the material handling techniques.
3. to perform various processes involved in pharmaceutical manufacturing process.
4. to carry out various tests to prevent environmental pollution.
5. to appreciate and comprehend significance of plant lay out design for optimum use of resources.
6. to appreciate the various preventive methods used for corrosion control in Pharmaceutical
Industries
Lecture wise programme:
Topic
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Hrs
2
61
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Crystallization
Crystal forms and crystal habit, solubility curves, Miers super saturation theory of
Crystallization, nucleation and crystal growth. Classification, principle under- lying
the design and operation of tank crystallizer, Swenson Walker Crystallizer. Vacuum
type crystallizers, caking of crystals and its prevention.
Evaporation
Basic concept of phase equilibrium. Factors affecting evaporation. Types of
evaporators and its study Heat and material balances, single and multiple effect
evaporators.
Distillation
General theory applied to binary mixtures, boiling point and equilibrium diagrams
and Raoults law. Constant boiling mixtures (Azeotropes). Rectification, construction
of rectifying columns. Simple distillation, Steam distillation, Flash distillation,
Molecular distillation and Extractive distillation and its applications.
Drying
Introduction, theory of drying, rate of drying, Moisture content. Classification of
dryers including Vacuum, tray, Spray and fluidized bed dryers. Principle of freezedrying and freeze dryers.
Refrigeration
General considerations, coefficient of performance, refrigeration cycle. Choices of
refrigerate, application in pharmacy. Compressor design and its application in
Pharma Industries.
Pharmaceutical manufacturing environment Design
Definition of various terms, psychometric charts, wet bulb temperature. Adiabatic
saturation temperature, determination of humidity, methods of increasing and
decreasing humidity, importance of humidity and its control. Principles of Air
conditioning and air conditioners and their application in pharmacy. HVAC system
and Air Classification as per ISO, US and EU standards, airflow pattern in
pharmaceutical industry, Use of LAF in sterile parenteral dosage forms, air velocity,
and CFM calculation.
Plant location
Layout, utilities and services.
62
16.
17.
18.
19.
Heat transfer
63
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Experiments
3
2
2
3
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
3
Recommended Books
1. Introduction to chemical engineering Walter L Badger & Julius Banchero, Latest edition
2. Unit operation of chemical engineering Mcabe Smith, Latest edition,
3. Pharmaceutical Engineering principles and practices C.V.S.Subrahmanyam et al. , Latest edition
4. Physical Pharmacy-Martin et al., Latest edition
5. Bentleys PharmaceuticsDavis, Latest edition
6. Physical PharmaceuticsShotton, Latest edition
7. Remington Practice of PharmacyMartin, Latest edition
8. Cooper and Gunns Tutorial Pharmacy, S.J. Carter., Latest edition
9. Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy by Lachman., Latest edition
10. Refrigeration and Air conditioning by L. Ballaney., Latest edition.
64
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: This paper has been designed to provide the advanced knowledge to the Pharmacy students in
valuable areas of advanced Biotechnology which plays a crucial role in determining its future use and
applications in medicine, drug discovery and in pharmaceutical industry. It also emphasize the study of
microbiological and biotechnological processes, its modern technology aspects to useful products and to
correct the alternative ways to prevent the occurrence and the treatment of disease related to
microorganisms and techniques
Objectives: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to
understand methods of identification, cultivation and preservation of various microorganisms
understand Genetic engineering applications in relation to production of pharmaceuticals
know the importance of immunological reactions and preparations of immunological products.
do sterilization of various equipments/products and bacterial sensitivity testing against antibiotics
and disinfectants.
appreciate the use of microorganisms in fermentation technology
Lecture wise programme:
Topics
1.
2.
3.
Microbiology
a. Introduction to Microbiology: Scope of Microbiology, Microbes of Medicinal
interest, study of mode of Transmission & treatment of Microbial diseases
like Cholera, Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Syphilis & AIDS.
b. Classification, Morphology and fine structure Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses.
c. Methods of isolation and identification of bacteria - staining techniques and
bio chemical reactions. Total & viable counting techniques of bacteria
d. Growth and cultivation, Their Nutritional requirements.
e. Media-differential, enriched, selective. Maintenance of lab culture
Sterilization
a. Detail study of different methods of sterilization including their merits and
demerits.
b. Detailed study of sterility testing of different pharmaceutical preparations.
c. Disinfectant: study of disinfectant. Factors affecting their action and
evaluation of bactericidal & Bacteriostatic.
d. Principles and methods of different microbiological assays including
sensitivity testing with references to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin & vitamin
B12.
Microbial Genetics
a. Genetic organization of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
b. Microbial genetics including transformation, transduction, conjugation,
plasmids and transposons.
Hrs
20
07
07
65
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
05
05
04
05
20
02
66
2.
3.
Microbiology
a. Study of apparatus used in experimental microbiology.
b. Sterilization techniques Glasswares, media, Room.
c. Preparation and sterilization of Media.
d. Isolation techniques Streak plate, Pour plate, spread plate techniques
e. Staining techniques- Simple staining Grams staining, Acid fast staining,
Spore staining, flagella staining, Capsule staining.
f. Total and viable count of Microorganisms.
g. Motility of the microorganism by Hanging drop method.
h. Bacteriological analysis of water by MPN techniques.
i. Sterility testing for Pharmaceutical products.
j. Microbiological assay of antibiotics.
k. Biochemical test (IMViC reactions).
Bioprocess
a. Production of alcohol and wine by fermentation process.
b. Immobilization techniques Whole cells, Enzymes
c. Isolation of protein from the microorganism.
d. Estimation of protein by Lowrys method.
Biotechnology
a. Isolation of plasmid by electrophoresis.
b. Isolation and estimation of DNA by spectroscopy.
c. Isolation and estimation of RNA by spectroscopy.
Experiments
18
67
Recommended Books
1. Microbiology by Pelzer, Krieg and Chan.
2. Essential and applications of Microbiology by Judy Kandal.
3. Microbial Genetics by David Freifeider.
4. Microbiology by Prescott.
5. General Microbiology by R.Y. Stainer.
6. Text Book of Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Paniker.
7. Immunology by Weir
8. Immunology by Ivan Roitt.
9. Microbiology A laboratory manual by James g. Cappuchino.
10. Laboratory Microbiology by L. Jack Bradshaw.
11. Practical Medical Microbiology Mackie and McCartney.
12. Pharmaceutical Microbiology by Hugo and Russell.
13. Text Book of Biotechnology by Vyas and Dixit.
14. Text Book of Biotechnology by R.C. Dubey.
15. Principle of Gene Manipulation by S.B. Primrose.
16. Text book of Fermentation technology by Stanbury.
17. Industrial Microbiology by L.E. Casida.
18. Biochemical Engineering by Webb and Steel.
19. Microbial Technology by PepplerVol .I and II.
20. Gene V and VI by Benjamin Lewin.
21. Fogel, G.B. and Corne, D.W., Evolutionary Computation in Bioinformatics
22. Lesk, A.M. 2002 Introduction to Bioinformatics. Oxford University Press
23. Mont, D.W., Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis
24. Date, C.J. An Introduction to Database Systems, Vol I & II. Addison Wesley
68
75 Hrs (3 Hrs/Week)
Scope: This course deals with the various aspects of quality control and quality assurance aspects of
pharmaceutical industries. It covers the important aspects like cGMP, QC tests, documentation, quality
certifications and regulatory affairs.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to
understand the cGMP aspects in a pharmaceutical industry
appreciate the importance of documentation
understand the scope of quality certifications applicable to pharmaceutical industries
understand the responsibilities of QA & QC departments
Lecture wise programme:
Topics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Hrs
08
Quality control test for containers, closers, caps and secondary packing materials.
Document maintenance in pharmaceutical industry: Batch Formula Record, Master
Formula Record, SOP, Quality audit, Quality Review and Quality documentation,
Reports and documents, distribution records.
Complaints and evaluation of complaints, Handling of return good, recalling and
waste disposal.
Warehousing: Good warehousing practice, materials management.
Responsibilities of quality control laboratory- GLP, Standard test procedures,
protocols for clinical and non - clinical testing and control on animal houses.
Application of computers in quality control and quality assurance laboratory.
Calibration and Validation: Introduction and general principles, Calibration and
Validation of analytical equipments, Analytical method Validation.
NABL certification and licensing and accreditation procedure for drug industry.
Patent regime and intellectual property rights.
06
08
08
04
05
07
04
04
10
03
08
69
Recommended Books
1. Quality Assurance Guide by organization of Pharmaceutical Products of India.
2. Good Laboratory Practice Regulations, 2nd Edition, Sandy Weinberg Vol. 69.
3. Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals- A compendium of Guide lines and Related materials Vol I
WHO Publications.
4. A guide to total Quality Management- Kushik Maitra and Sedhan K Ghosh
5. How to Practice GMPs P P Sharma.
6. ISO 9000 and Total Quality Management Sadhank G Ghosh
7. The International Pharmacopoeia Vol I, II, III, IV- General Methods of Analysis and Quality
specification for Pharmaceutical Substances, Excipients and Dosage forms
8. Good laboratory Practices Marshell Deckker Series
9. ICH guidelines, ISO 9000
10. Dr. A. Pillani the drugs and cosmetics act 1940.
70
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: This subject is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary for dose calculations, dose
adjustments and to apply biopharmaceutics theories in practical problem solving. Basic theoretical
discussions of the principles of biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics are provided to help the students to
clarify the concepts.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to
understand the basic concepts in biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics.
use plasma data and derive the pharmacokinetic parameters to describe the process of drug
absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
critically evaluate biopharmaceutic studies involving drug product equivalency
design and evaluate dosage regimens of the drugs using pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic
parameters.
detect potential clinical pharmacokinetic problems and apply basic pharmacokinetic principles to
solve them
Lecture wise programme:
Topics
I
1
2
3
II
6
Biopharmaceutics
Introduction to Biopharmaceutics
Absorption; Mechanisms of drug absorption through GIT, factors influencing drug
absorption though GIT, absorption of drug from Non per OS extra-vascular routes
Distribution of drugs Tissue permeability of drugs, binding of drugs, apparent
volume of drug distribution, protein binding of drugs, factors affecting protein
drug binding. Kinetics of protein binding, Clinical significance of protein bin-drug
binding.
Drug Elimination. Biotransformation of drugs, renal excretion of drugs , factors
affecting renal excretion of drugs, renal clearance, Non renal routes of drug
excretion of drugs
Bioavailability and Bioequivalence: Objectives of bioavailability studies,
absolute and relative bioavailability, measurement of bioavailability, in-vitro drug
dissolution models, in-vitro in-vivo correlations, bioequivalence studies, methods to
enhance the bioavailability.
Pharmacokinetics
Introduction to Pharmacokinetics. Mathematical model. Drug levels in blood.
Pharmacokinetic models, Compartment models, Noncompartment models,
physiological models
One compartment open model. a. Intravenous Injection (Bolus) b. Intravenous
infusion. c. extra vascular administrations, calculations of Ka, KE. From plasma
and urinary excretion data
Hrs
01
08
08
06
10
05
15
71
08
05
05
04
Recommended Books
1. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics by, Milo Gibaldi.
2. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics; By Robert F Notari
3. Applied biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics, Leon Shargel and Andrew B.C.YU 4 th edition,
Prentice-Hall Inernational edition.USA
4. Bio pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics-A Treatise, By D. M. Brahmankar and Sunil B.Jaiswal,
Vallabh Prakashan Pitampura, Delhi
5. Pharmacokinetics: By Milo Glbaldi Donald, R. Mercel Dekker Inc.
6. Hand Book of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, By Milo Gibaldi and Laurie Prescott by ADIS Health
Science Press.
7. Biopharmaceutics; By Swarbrick
8. Cilincal Pharmacokinetics, Concepts and Applications: By Malcolm Rowland and
9. Thomas, N. Tozen, Lea and Febrger, Philadelphia, 1995.
10. Dissolution, Bioavailability and Bioequivalence, By Abdou H.M, Mack, Publishing Company,
Pennsylvania 1989.
11. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics-An introduction 4th edition Revised and expanded
by Rebort F Notari Marcel Dekker Inn, New York and Basel, 1987.
12. Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences, By Mack Publishing Company, Pennsylvnia
72
Sl.
No.
4.1
4.2
Pharmacology II
4.3
4.4
4.5
Pharmacy Practice
---
4.6
---
18
12
Grand Total
Practical
hours / week
3
30 hours
73
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: This subject medicinal chemistry; is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the
structure, chemistry and therapeutic value of drugs. The subject emphasis on modern techniques
of drug design, which include quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), Prodrug
concept, combinatorial chemistry, and Computer aided drug design (CADD). The subject
concentrates on the chemistry, mechanism of action, metabolism, adverse effects, Structure
Activity Relationships (SAR) and their therapeutic uses of drugs. The syllabus also emphasises
on synthesis of important drugs.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to
appreciate the importance of drug design and understand the different modern techniques
of drug design.
understand the chemistry of drugs with respect to their biological activity.
know the metabolism, adverse effect and therapeutic value of drugs.
appreciate the SAR of important class of drug.
Lecture wise programme:
Topic
I.
II.
Hrs
07
03
03
01
16
03
03
74
III.
IV.
V.
03
03
01
02
01
04
14
03
75
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
Anti-neoplastic agents:
Alkylating agents: Meclorethamine*, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan, Chlorambucil,
Busulfan, Thiotepa
Antimetabolites: Mercaptopurine*, Thioguanine, Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Cytarabine,
Methotrexate*, Azathioprine
Antibiotics: Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, hydrochloride, Doxorubicin hydrochloride,
Bleomycin
Plant products: Etoposide, Vinblastin sulphate, Vincristin sulphate
Miscellaneous: Cisplatin and Mitotane
Sulphonamides and Sulphones
Historical development, chemistry, classification and SAR of Sulfonamides:
Sulphamethizole,
Sulfisoxazole,
Sulphamethizine,
Sulfacetamide
Sodium*,
Sulphapyridine, Sulfamethoxaole*, Sulphadiazine, Mixed Sulfonamides, Mefenide
Acetate, Silver Sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine
Folate reductase inhibitors: Trimethoprim*, Cotrimoxazole.
Sulfones: Dapsone*
Antihistaminic agents
Histamine, receptors and their distribution in the human body
H1 antagonists:
Amino alkyl ethers: Diphenhydramine*, Dimenhydrinate, Doxylamine
Ethylene diamines: Tripelennamine, Thonzylamine
Piperazine derivatives: Meclizine, Buclizine, Chlorcyclizine, Cetirizine
Propylamine derivatives: Chlorpheniramine*, Pheniramine
Tricyclic derivatives: Promethazine*, Trimeprazine, Phenidamine, Cyproheptadine,
Azatidine
Second generation non sedating: Astemizole, Loratadine, Cetirizine, Acrivastine
H2-antagonists: Development of selective H2 antagonists - Cimetidine*, Famotidine,
Ranitidine
Gastric Proton pump inhibitors: Omeprazole and Lansoprazole.
Prostaglandins and other eicosanoids: History and discovery; eicosanoid biosynthesis;
drug action mediated by eicosanoids; design of eicosanoid drugs; eicosanoids approved for
human clinical use.
Sex hormones:
Androgens: testosterone
Estrogens: Esterodiol, Estrone, Estriol, Diethyl Stilbestrol
Progesterone and Oral contraceptives
Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs & antigout
Anti-inflammatory agents: Sodium salicylate, Aspirin, Salsalate*, Mefenamic acid,
Meclofenamate sodium, Indomethacin*, Sulindac, Tolmetin sodium, Zomepriac sodium,
Diclofenac sodium, Ketorolac, Ibuprofen*, Naproxen*, Piroxicam, Phenacetin,
05
03
05
05
04
04
76
XII.
05
77
Experiments
05
10
2
2
3
3
78
Recommended Books
1. Wilson and Giswolds Organic medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 11 th edition.
2. Foyes Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, 5th edition.
3. Burgers Medicinal Chemistry, Vol I to IV.
4. Introduction to principles of drug design- Smith and Williams.
5. Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20th edition.
6. Martindales extra pharmacopoeia.
7. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Vol. II.
8. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis by Lednicer, Vol. 1-5.
9. Indian Pharmacopoeia 1996 and 2007 editions.
10. Text book of practical organic chemistry- A.I.Vogel, 5th edtion.
79
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: This subject is intended to impart the fundamental knowledge on various aspects
(classification, mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, clinical uses, side effects and
contraindications) of drugs used in systemic diseases as well as infectious diseases. In addition,
emphasizes on the basic concepts of bioassays and principles of toxicology.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
understand the mechanism of drug action and its relevance in the treatment of different
diseases
comprehend the principles of toxicology and treatment of various poisonings.
locate and isolate different organs/tissues from the laboratory animals used in
pharmacological experiments
demonstrate the various receptor actions using isolated tissue preparation
appreciate correlation of pharmacology with related medical sciences
Lecture wise programme:
1.
2.
3.
Topic
Pharmacology of Endocrine System
a. Basic concepts in endocrine pharmacology.
b. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones.
c. Thyroid hormones and anti thyroid drugs, Parathormone, Calcitonin and
Vitamin-D.
d. Insulin, Oral Hypoglycemic agents and glucagon.
e. ACTH and corticosteroids.
f. Androgens and Anabolic steroids.
g. Estrogens, progesterone and oral contraceptives.
h. Drugs acting on the uterus.
Pharmacology of Drugs acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract
a. Antacids, anti-secretary and anti ulcer drugs.
b. Laxatives and anti-diarrheal drugs.
c. Appetite stimulants and suppressants.
d. Digestants and carminatives.
e. Emetics and anti-emetics.
Chemotherapy
a. General Principles of Chemotherapy.
b. Sulfonamides and co-trimoxazole.
c. Antibiotics- Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin,
Quinolones and Fluoroquinolins, tetracycline and aminoglycosides
Hrs
19
24
80
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2
4
3
81
3.
4.
5.
Experiments
3
12
2
3
2
Recommended books
1. Craig C.R. and Stitzel R.R, Modern Pharmacology.
2. Ghosh M. N, Fundamentals of experimental Pharmacology.
3. Katzung B.G, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Prentice Hall International.
4. Laurence D.R and Bennet P.N. Clinical Pharmacology Churchill Livingstone.
5. Mycek M.J, Gelnet S.B and Perper M.M, Pharmacology, Lippincotts illustrated Reviews.
6. Rang M.P, Dale M.M, Reter J.M, Pharmacology.
7. Goodman and Gilmans, The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics.
8. S.K. Kulakarni. Hand book of Experimental Pharmacology.
9. N.Udupa and P.D. Gupta, Concepts in Chronopharmacology.
82
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: Course enables the student to understand and appreciate the influence of pharmaceutical
additives and various pharmaceutical dosage forms on the performance of the drug product.
Objectives:
Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
know the various pharmaceutical dosage forms and their manufacturing techniques.
know various considerations in development of pharmaceutical dosage forms
formulate solid, liquid and semisolid dosage forms and evaluate them for their quality
Lecture wise programme:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Topic
Preformulation Studies: Study of physical/physicochemical properties of drugs
like physical form, particle size, shape, density, wetting, dielectric constant,
solubility, dissolution, organoleptic properties and their effect on formulation,
stability & bioavailabilty. Study of chemical properties of drugs like hydrolysis,
oxidation, reduction, racemisation, polymerization etc. and their influence on
formulation.
Tablets: Classification of different types of tablets, tablets equipments,
granulation technology on large scale by various techniques. Tablets tooling,
different types of tablets compression machinery, processing problem of tablets
and evaluation of tablets.
Coating of tablets: Types of coating, Sugar coating, film forming materials,
formulation of coating solution, equipment for coating, film defects and
evaluation of coated tablets.
Capsules: Advantages & disadvantages of capsule dosage form, extraction of
gelatin, production of hard gelatin capsules, size of capsules and method of
capsule filling. Soft gelatin capsule, Nature of capsule shell & capsule content,
importance of base adsorption, minim/ gm factors in soft capsules, production,
quality control, stability testing and storage of capsule dosage forms.
Parenteral Products: Preformulation factors, routes of administration, water for
injection, pyrogenicity, non-aqueous vehicles, isotonicity & methods of its
adjustment. Formulation details, containers and closures and their selection.
Prefilling treatment, washing the container and closers, preparation of solution
and suspension, filling, closing of ampoules, vials infusion fluids, lyophilization,
preparation of sterile powders, equipment for large scale manufacture and
evaluation of parenteral products.
Hrs
5
83
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
4
8
4
4
8
84
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Experiments
1
4
1
4
Recommended Books
1. Pharmaceutical dosage forms - Tablets, volume 1 -3 by H.A. Liberman, Leon Lachman
& J.B.Schwartz
2. Pharmaceutical dosage form - Parenteral medication vol- 1&2 by Liberman & Lachman
3. Pharmaceutical dosage form disperse system VOL-1 by Liberman & Lachman
4. Modern Pharmaceutics by Gilbert S. Banker & C.T. Rhodes, 3 rd Edition
5. Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy, 20 th edition Pharmaceutical Science
(RPS)
6. Theory And Practice Of Industrial Pharmacy by Liberman & Lachman
7. Novel Drug Delivery System by Y.W.Chein
8. Pharmaceutics-the science of dosage form design by M.E.Aulton, Churchill livingstone,
Latest edition
9. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by H. C.Ansel, Lea & febiger,
Philadelphia, 5th edition, 2005
10. Drug stability - Principles and practice by Cartensen & C.J. Rhodes, 3 rd Edition, Marcel
Dekker Series, Vol 107.
85
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: This subject is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the testing of drugs by
various instrumental methods of analysis. This focuses on various modern instruments that are
used for testing the purity of drugs in various dosage forms. This course also gives knowledge
about modern instruments that are used for drug testing like NMR, IR, Mass, HPLC, HPTLC etc,
Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
know the principle and applications of instrumentation
understand the components and working of various analytical instruments.
understand the different modern techniques of drug analysis.
appreciate the advantages of instrumental methods of drug analysis.
Lecture wise programme:
1.
2.
Topic
UV/Visible spectroscopy
1.1 Theory of atomic and molecular spectra, Electronic transitions, Beer and
Lamberts law, Derivation and deviations, Applications of Beer law to single and
multi component systems, Chromophores, Auxochromes, Spectral shifts, Solvent
effect on absorption spectra.
Instrumentation - Sources of radiation, wavelength selectors, sample cells,
Detectors- Barrier layer cell, Photo tube, Photomultiplier tube, Silicon
Photodiode.
Applications - Spectrophotometric titrations, Measurement of equilibrium
constant and rate constant.
1.2 IR spectroscopy Introduction, Fundamental modes of vibrations in
poly atomic molecules. Sample handling, Instrumentation - Sources of radiation,
wavelength selectors, sample cells, Detectors Golay cell, Bolometer,
Thermocouple, Thermister, Pyrroelectric detector. Structure - frequency
correlation with examples.
1.3 Atomic absorption spectroscopy - Introduction, Theory, instrumentation, and
applications.
2.1 Fluorimetry Theory, Concepts of singlet, doublet and triplet electronic states,
internal and external conversions, factors affecting fluorescence, quenching.
Instrumentation and applications
Hrs
10
2
3
86
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8
9.
10.
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
87
Experiments
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
88
Recommended Books
1. Instrumental methods of analysis by Hobarth Willard, Lynne L Merritt and John A Dean,
7th edition, CBC publishers, New Delhi.
2. Kennith A Connors, A Text Book of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 3 rd edition, John Wiley
and sons, New york (1982)
3. William Kemp, Spectroscopical methods, ELBS.
4. Indian Pharmacopoeia.
5. United States Pharmacopoeia.
6. British Pharmacopoeia.
7. Higuchi T and Hanssen E.B., Text Book of Pharmaceutical Analysis, A Wiley
Interscience Publications.
8. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis by Gurudeep Chatwal and Sham Anand,
Himalaya publishing house, 2002.
9. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis by B. K. Sharma, 10 th edition, GOEL
publishing house, 2002.
10. Principles of instrumental analysis by Doglas A Skoog, F. James Holler, 5 th edition,
Eastern press, Bangalore, 1998
11. Practical pharmaceutical chemistry by Beckett A. H. and Stenlake J. B., 4 th edition, CBS
publishers, New Delhi, 1997
12. Spectrometic identification of organic compounds by Robert M Silverstein, G. Clayton
and Terence C. Morill, 6th edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2004
13. Quantitative analysis of drugs in Pharmaceutical formulation P. D. Sethi, 3rd edition,
CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.
89
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: This course is designed to impart basic knowledge and skills that are required for the
practice of pharmacy in both hospital and community settings.
Objectives: Upon completion of this course it is expected that students shall be able to
understand the various drug distribution system
handle the prescriptions and manage community pharmacies
understand the elements of pharmaceutical care and provide comprehensive patient
care services
understand the concept and practice of the quality use of medicines
summarize the therapeutic approach for management of various diseases including
reference to the latest available evidence.
Lecture wise programme:
Topic
A) Hospital & Community Pharmacy
Hospital and its organization: Definition and classification of hospital - Primary,
Secondary and Tertiary hospitals; organizational structure and functions of a
hospital.
Hospital pharmacy and its organization: Definition, organizational structure
and functions of hospital pharmacy.
Pharmacy and therapeutic committee (PTC): Composition and functions of
pharmacy and therapeutics committee
Hrs
25
2
2
1
1
2
90
B) Clinical Pharmacy
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy: Definition, concept, scenario of clinical
pharmacy and pharmaceutical care.
Daily activities of a clinical pharmacist: Ward round participation, drug therapy
monitoring (medicines review), treatment chart review, clinical review, pharmacist
intervention, adverse drug reaction management, drug and poison information
service, patient medication history and patient medication counseling.
Drug information services: Drug information centre, drug information resources,
answering drug information query.
Adverse drug reaction (ADR): Definition, types, predisposing factors, detection,
reporting, management and prevention of ADR, role of pharmacist in the
management of ADR.
Medication adherence: Causes of medication non- adherence; pharmacist role in
the medication adherence; monitoring of patient medication adherence.
Medication errors: Definition, types, categories, sources and management of
medication errors.
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM): Definition, need for TDM and factors
influencing TDM
Clinical Trials: Definition, various phases, designs and conduct of clinical trials
C) Therapeutics
Basic pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of the following disorders
Cardiovascular system: Hypertension and myocardial infarction
Respiratory System: Asthma
Renal System: Acute Renal Failure
Endocrine System: Diabetes
Nervous System: Epilepsy and stroke
Gastrointestinal System: Peptic ulcer disease
Disease of bones and joints: Rheumatoid arthritis
Infectious Diseases: Guideline for rational use of antibiotics, Tuberculosis,
Malaria, Pneumonia, Urinary tract infection
25
3
3
3
1
2
1
4
25
4
2
2
2
4
2
2
7
91
Recommended Books
1. Hospital Pharmacy by William E. Hassan.
2. A textbook of Hospital Pharmacy by S.H. Merchant and J.S. Quadry.
3. Clinical Pharmacy and Hospital Drug Management by David H Lawson and R Michael
E. Richards.
4. Clinical Pharmacy by Tipnis Bajaj.
5. A textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice- essential concepts and skills by Dr. G.
Parthasarathi, Nyfort-Hansen Karin, Milap Nahata.
6. Basic skills in interpreting laboratory data - Scott LT, American Society of Health
System Pharmacists Inc (latest edition)
7. Health Education and Community Pharmacy by Parmar N.S., CBS publishers.
8. Pathologic basis of disease : Robbins SL, W.B. Saunders publication
9. Pathology and therapeutics for Pharmacists: A Basis for Clinical Pharmacy Practice Green and Harris, Chapman and Hall publication
10. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - Eric T. Herfindal, Williams and Wilkins
Publication
11. Applied Therapeutics: The clinical Use of Drugs. Lloyd Young and Koda-Kimble MA,
Williams and Wilkins Publication
12. Averys Drug Treatment, 4th Edn, 1997, Adis International Limited.
92
75 Hrs (3Hrs/Week)
Scope: This course gives the general management principles and pharmaceutical marketing
systems, different types of market & marketing authorization and competitive practices in
pharmaceutical industries. Marketing aspect covers types of market, principles of marketing and
pharmaceutical product.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
know pharmaceutical market systems
understand marketing mix and marketing communications
understand the basic principles of management sciences
appreciate the importance of marketing in product promotion.
Lecture wise programme:
Topic
1
Marketing:
a. The meaning and scope of marketing
b. The pharmaceutical market: Quantitative and qualitative aspects, size and
composition of the market, demographic descriptions and socio-psychological
characteristics of the consumer, market segmentation.
c. Analyzing the market - Role of market research
d. Consumer profile Motivation and prescribing habbits of the physician,
patients choice of physician and retail pharmacist
The pharmaceutical product
a. Market consideration in product development, marketing mix, product life
cycle (PLC), effects of different elements of marketing mix at different stages of
PLC, product classification, product planning, product differentiation, me-too
products, modification of existing product.
b. New product development-All stages from the new product idea to the stage of
marketing the developed product (bulk drug and formulations).
c. Branding-concept of brand, different types of brand, importance and reasons
for branding, packaging.
Competitive practice in the pharmaceutical industry
a. Patent laws, Trademark laws
b. Price competition-pricing, rate contracts.
c. Non-price competition-All types of non-price competition with special
emphasis on competition through research and development, competition through
quality
Hrs
11
93
Distribution
4
a. The wholesaler-His role in distribution of pharmaceutical services offered to
the manufacturer and the retailer, advantages and disadvantages of distribution
through wholesaler.
b. The retailer-Classification of retail institutions, advantages and disadvantages
of retail institutions, the hospital as retail outlet.
5
Promotions
5
a. Communication and its importance
b. Different types of promotion-Advertising, Direct mail, Professionals, Journals,
Sampling, Retailing, Medical exhibition, Public relations
c. Professional sales representatives (PSR)-Duties of PSR, Purpose of detailing,
selection and training, compensation and future prospects of PSR
6
Management:
10
a. Concepts of management, principles of management, objectives of
management, manager-role and types, ,
b. Primary functions of management planning, organizing, staffing, directing,
controlling, motivation, entrepreneurship development
c. Secondary functions of management decision-making, leadership,
innovation, delegation of authority/responsibility
7
The organization:
4
Organisational structure, function, departmentialisation, basic principles of
organization. Manufacturer objectives, influence of internal controls such as
company policy on the companys operation, effects of government regulations
and controls of marketing practices
8.
Six sigma-introduction, methods(DMAIC), role, levels, software used and
6
applications
Recommended Books
1. Heinz Weihrich, Harold Koontz: Management: A global Perspective, McGraw Hill
International Edition, Tenth edition.
2. S.V.R. Subba Rao, Pharmaceutical Marketing in India, Asian Institute of Pharmaceutical
Marketing, Hyderabad, 1998 edition.
3. Mickey C. Smith, Principles of Pharmaceutical Marketing, CBS publishers and
distributors, New Delhi, 3rd edition.
4. C.V.S. Subrahmanyam. Pharmaceutical production and management, Vallabh Prakashan
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