Struts1.2 Tutorial

Struts 1.
2
----------it is a open source framework - implementation of MVC design pattern.
providing a centeralized file based configuration - struts-config.xml
Controllers in struts
--------------------It provides two components that make up the controllers.
1.ActionServlet
it is front controller.
it is a struts in-build Servlet so should be configured in web.xml
Each and every request come to this.
On the basis of request, it decides which Controller(Action) will handle
this request.
2.Action
it is back Controller.
it contains the business logic.
it is configured in the servlet -config.xml file using an <action> tag.
steps to run a Hello World in struts

------------------------------------1. Configure ActionServlet in web.xml
2. create an Action class
3. configure the Action class in struts-config.xml
4. create a jsp (view) page.
step 1 : Configure FrontController -- ActionServlet in web.xml

------------------------------------------
<servlet>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>


<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
here the url-pattern specifies that all request with .do extension will be handled by
DispatcherServlet.
Step 2: create an Action class

----------------------------------
package mvc;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
public class RegisterAction1 extends Action{

@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm
form,HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception {
return mapping.findForward("success");
}
When a request come for this Action class, it just returns a view
-- a logical name "success" is returned -that string is mapped to a view (a jsp file)in struts-config.xml file using a
<forward> tag.
step 3 : configure the Action class in struts-config.xml

--------------------------------------------------------
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC

"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
<struts-config>
<action-mappings>
<action path="/register1" type="mvc.RegisterAction1">
<forward name="success" path="/success.jsp"/>

</action>
</action-mappings>
</struts-config>
Step 4 : create view -- success.jsp page

-----------------------------------------
<html>
<head>
<title>Struts Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Congratulations!!
You have registered successfully
</h1>
</body>
</html>
How does struts work?

---------------------1. it is the front controller that works on behalf of application.
2. DispatcherServlet Handles all client requests and on the basis of name

determines which
Action will process the request.
3. After processing the request Action class will return a key(String ) to the
ActionServlet.
4.ActionServlet use this key to determine the view that will present the result
to the user.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using Form Beans

-----------------
1. This bean is a class the extends "ActionForm".ActionForms are java beans.

2. It will represent the data submitted by the user.
3. It is automatically populated when the input form is submitted.
4. It can also be used to validate the request data submitted by an HTTP
request.
Defining a FormBean
-------------------
package mvc;
public class UserBean extends ActionForm

{
private String email="";
private String password="";
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
design an Input form

---------------------
<html>
<head>
<title>Registration Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<H1>New Account Registration</H1>
<FORM ACTION="registerBean.do" METHOD="post">
Email address:
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="email"><BR>
Password: <INPUT TYPE="password" NAME="password"><BR>

<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="Sign In">
</FORM>
</body>
</html>
Create an Action class

----------------------package mvc;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
public class UserBeanAction extends Action {
@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping,ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception
{
String res="invalid";
UserBean userBean = (UserBean)form;

String email=userBean.getEmail();
String pass=userBean.getPassword();
if(email.equals("sonia@gmail.com") && pass.equals("sonia"))

res="success";
return mapping.findForward(res);
}
creating a success View -- success.jsp

------------------------
<html>
<head>
<title>Struts Demo -- Success</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Congratulations!!
You have registered successfully </h1><br>
Hello ${userBean.email }
</body>
</html>
creating an error view --- invalid.jsp

--------------------------------------
<html>
<head>
<title>Struts Demo -- Error</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
Either Emailid ${userBean.email } is wrong or not in proper form.
<br> or password is
wrong.<br>
<a href="registration.jsp">Please try again</a>

</h1>
</body>
</html>
configuration in struts-config.xml
-----------------------------------
1. configure form beans
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="userBean" type="mvc.UserBean"/>
</form-beans>
2. Configure Action class
<action path="/registerBean" type="mvc.UserBeanAction"

name="userBean" scope="request">
<forward name="invalid" path="/invalid.jsp"/>
</action>
-----------------------------------------------
using struts-tag library
------------------------
1. copy struts-xxx.tld files in WEB-INF folder
2. configure tag libraries in web.xml file using following tags:
<jsp-config>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-bean</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-html</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-logic</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-nested</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-tiles</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
</jsp-config>
using tag liberaries

-------------------1. Redesign success and invalidate page using <bean> tag.
success.jsp
------------
<html>
<head>
<title>Struts Demo -- Success</title>
</head>
<body>
<%@ taglib uri="/tags/struts-bean" prefix="bean" %>
<h1>
<br> <bean:write name="userBean" property="email"/>
Congratulations!!
You have registered successfully
</h1>
</body>
</html>
invalid.jsp
-------------
<html>
<head>
<title>Struts Demo -- Error</title>
</head>
<body>
<%@ taglib uri="/tags/struts-bean" prefix="bean" %>
<h1>
Either Emailid
<bean:write name="userBean" property="email"/>
is wrong or not in proper form.

<br> or password is
wrong.<br>
<a href="registration.jsp">Please try again</a>

</h1>
</body>
</html>
using struts-html tag library

------------------------------
1. The textfield names and the bean properties are guaranteed to stay in
synch.
2. The textfield values can be prepopulated based on the values in a bean.
3. That is, the initial values of the form elements can be taken from a Java
object.
4. The forms can be redisplayed when they are submitted with incomplete or
incorrect values.
create an input form using struts <html> tags

---------------------------------------------
<html>
<head>
<title>Html Form Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html"%>
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean"%>
<html:form action="registerBean1" >

<br>
<html:text property="email" /><br>
<html:password property="password" /><br>
<html:submit value="sign up"/>

</html:form>
</body>
</html>
configuration in struts-config.xml
-----------------------------------
<action path="/registerBean1" type="mvc.UserBeanAction" name="userBean"

scope="request">
<forward name="invalid" path="/htmlform.jsp"/>
</action>

Struts1.2 Tutorial

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Struts 1.

steps to run a Hello World in struts

step 1 : Configure FrontController -- ActionServlet in web.xml

Step 2: create an Action class

public class RegisterAction1 extends Action{

step 3 : configure the Action class in struts-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC

<forward name="success" path="/success.jsp"/>

Step 4 : create view -- success.jsp page

How does struts work?

2. DispatcherServlet Handles all client requests and on the basis of name

Using Form Beans

1. This bean is a class the extends "ActionForm".ActionForms are java beans.

public class UserBean extends ActionForm

design an Input form

<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="email"><BR>

Password: <INPUT TYPE="password" NAME="password"><BR>

Create an Action class

public class UserBeanAction extends Action {

UserBean userBean = (UserBean)form;

if(email.equals("sonia@gmail.com") && pass.equals("sonia"))

creating a success View -- success.jsp

creating an error view --- invalid.jsp

<a href="registration.jsp">Please try again</a>

1. configure form beans

2. Configure Action class

<action path="/registerBean" type="mvc.UserBeanAction"

using struts-tag library

1. copy struts-xxx.tld files in WEB-INF folder

2. configure tag libraries in web.xml file using following tags:

using tag liberaries

<br> <bean:write name="userBean" property="email"/>

<bean:write name="userBean" property="email"/>

is wrong or not in proper form.

<a href="registration.jsp">Please try again</a>

using struts-html tag library

2. The textfield values can be prepopulated based on the values in a bean.

create an input form using struts <html> tags

<html:form action="registerBean1" >

<html:password property="password" /><br>

<html:submit value="sign up"/>

<action path="/registerBean1" type="mvc.UserBeanAction" name="userBean"

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