Chapter 11

CHAPTER 11
PROBLEM 11.1
Determine the modulus of resilience for each of the following metals:
(a ) Stainless steel
AISI 302 (annealed):
E = 190 GPa Y = 260 MPa
(b) Stainless steel

AISI 302 (cold-rolled):
E = 190 GPa Y = 520 MPa
(c) Malleable cast iron:
E = 165 GPa Y = 230 MPa
SOLUTION
(a)
E = 190 109 Pa, Y = 260 106 Pa

uY =
Y2
2E
(260 106 ) 2
= 177.9 103 N m/m3
(2)(190 109 )
uY = 177.9 kJ/m3
(b)
E = 190 109 Pa, Y = 520 106 Pa

uY =
Y2
2E
(520 106 ) 2
= 712 103 N m/m3
9
(2)(190 10 )
uY = 712 kJ/m3
(c)
E = 165 109 Pa, Y = 230 106 Pa

uY =
Y2
2E
(230 106 )2
= 160.3 103 N m/m3
9
(2)(165 10 )
uY = 160.3 kJ/m3
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without permission.
PROBLEM 11.2
Determine the modulus of resilience for each of the following alloys:
(a ) Titanium:
E = 16.5 106 psi Y = 120 ksi
(b) Magnesium:
E = 6.5 106 psi
Y = 29 ksi
(c) Cupronickel (annealed):
E = 20 106 psi
Y = 16 ksi
SOLUTION
(a)
E = 16.5 106 psi, Y = 120 103 psi

uY =
(b)
2E
(120 103 ) 2
(2)(16.5 106 )
uY = 436 in lb/in 3
E = 6.5 106 psi, Y = 29 103 psi

uY =
(c)
Y2
Y2
2E
(29 103 ) 2
(2)(6.5 106 )
uY = 64.7 in lb/in 3
E = 20 106 psi, Y = 16 103 psi

uY =
Y2
2E
(16 103 ) 2
(2)(20 106 )
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.3
Determine the modulus of resilience for each of the following grades of structural steel:
(a ) ASTM A709 Grade 50: Y = 50 ksi
(b) ASTM A913 Grade 65: Y = 65 ksi
(c) ASTM A709 Grade 100: Y = 100 ksi
SOLUTION
E = 29 106 psi for all three steels given.
Structural steel:
(a)
Y = 50 ksi = 50 103 psi

uY =
(b)
2E
(50 103 ) 2
(2)(29 106 )
Y = 65 ksi = 65 103 psi

uY =
(c)
Y2
Y2
2E
(65 106 ) 2
(2)(29 106 )
Y = 100 ksi = 100 103 psi

uY =
Y2
2E
(100 103 ) 2
(2)(29 106 )
uY = 172.4 in lb/in 3
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.4
Determine the modulus of resilience for each of the following aluminum alloys:
(a ) 1100-H14:
E = 70 GPa Y = 55 MPa
(b) 2014-T6:
E = 72 GPa Y = 220 MPa
(c) 6061-T6:
E = 69 GPa
Y = 150 MPa
SOLUTION
Aluminum alloys:
(a)
E = 70 109 Pa Y = 55 106 Pa
uY =
Y2
2E
(55 106 ) 2
= 21.6 103 N m/m3
9
(2)(70 10 )
uY = 21.6 kJ/m3
(b)
E = 72 109 Pa Y = 220 106 Pa

uY =
Y2
2E
(220 106 ) 2
= 336 103 N m/m3
9
(2)(72 10 )
uY = 336 kJ/m3
(c)
E = 69 109 Pa Y = 150 106 Pa

uY =
Y2
2E
(150 106 ) 2
= 163.0 103 N m/m3
(2)(69 109 )
uY = 163.0 kJ/m3
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.5
The stress-strain diagram shown has been drawn from data obtained
during a tensile test of an aluminum alloy. Using E = 72 GPa,
determine (a) the modulus of resilience of the alloy, (b) the modulus
of toughness of the alloy.
SOLUTION
(a)
Y = E Y
uY =
Y2
2E
1 2 1
E Y = (72 109 )(0.006) 2
2
2
uY = 1296 kJ/m3
= 1296 103 N m/m3
(b)
Modulus of toughness = total area under the stress-strain curve
The average ordinate of the stress-strain curve is

500 MPa = 500 106 N/m 2.
The area under the curve is
A = (500 106 )(0.18) = 90 106 N/m 2.
modulus of toughness = 90 106 J/m3 = 90 MJ/m3
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.6
The stress-strain diagram shown has been drawn from data obtained
during a tensile test of a specimen of structural steel. Using
E = 29 106 psi, determine (a) the modulus of resilience of the steel,
(b) the modulus of toughness of the steel.
SOLUTION
(a)
Y = E Y
uY =
Y2
2E
1 2 1
E Y = (29 106 )(0.002) 2
2
2
(b)
Modulus of toughness = total area under the stress-strain curve
A 1 = (57)(0.25 0.002) = 14.14 kips/in 2

= 14.14 in kip/in 3
A2 =
A3 =
1
(28)(0.25 0.021) = 3.21 kips/in 2
2
= 3.21 in kip/in 3
2
(20)(0.25 0.075) = 2.33 kips/in 2
3
= 2.33 in kip/in 3
modulus of toughness = uY + A1 + A2 + A3
modulus of toughness 20 in kip/in 3
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.7
The load-deformation diagram shown has been drawn
from data obtained during a tensile test of a 0.875-in.diameter rod of an aluminum alloy. Knowing that the
deformation was measured using a 15-in. gage length,
determine (a) the modulus of resilience of the alloy,
(b) the modulus of toughness of the alloy.
SOLUTION
Volume of stressed material involved in the measurement:
V=
=
(a)
d 2L
(0.875)2 (15) = 9.0198 in 3
Modulus of resilience.
PY = 30 kips, Y = 0.104 in.
UY =
1
1
PY Y (30)(0.104) = 1.56 in kip = 1560 in lb
2
2
modulus of resilience = uY =
(b)
UY
1560
=
V
9.0198
uY = 173.0 in lb/in 3
Modulus of toughness.
A1 = (30)(1.85 0.104) = 52.38 kip in = 52380 in lb
1
(5)(1.85 0.104) = 4.365 kip in = 4365 in lb
2
2
A3 = (4)(1.85 0.104) = 4.656 kip in = 4656 in lb
3
U = U Y + A1 + A2 + A3 = 62961 in lb
A2 =
U 62961
=
V 9.0198
modulus of toughness = 6980 in lb/in 3
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.8
The load-deformation diagram shown has been
drawn from data obtained during a tensile test of
structural steel. Knowing that the cross-sectional
area of the specimen is 250 mm 2 and that the
deformation was measured using a 500-mm gage
length, determine (a) the modulus of resilience of the
steel, (b) the modulus of toughness of the steel.
SOLUTION
Assuming that yielding occurs at P = 62.5 kN and = 0.6 mm,
UY =
1
(62.5 103 )(0.6 103 ) = 18.75 N m = 18.75 J
2
Volume of stressed material:
V = AL = (250)(500) = 125 103 mm3 = 125 106 m3
uY =
UY
18.75
=
= 150 103
V
125 106
uY = 150 kJ/m3
A1 = (62.5 106 )(96 103 ) = 6 103 N m = 6 103 J
Total energy:
A2 =
1
(28 103 )(96 8.6) 103 = 1.22 103 N m = 1.22 103 J
2
A3 =
2
(15 106 )(61 103 ) = 0.61 103 N m = 0.61 103 J
3
U = U Y + A1 + A2 + A3 = 7.85 103 J
U 7.85 103
=
= 63 106 J/m3
V 125 106
modulus of toughness = 63 MJ/m3
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.9
Using E = 29 106 psi, determine (a) the strain energy of the steel rod ABC when
P = 8 kips, (b) the corresponding strain energy density in portions AB and BC of the
rod.
SOLUTION
P = 8 kips, E = 29 103 ksi
A=
P
2
2
d , V = AL, = , u =
4
A
2E
U = uV
Portion
d(in.)
A(in2)
L(in.)
V(in3)
(ksi)
AB
0.625
24
0.3608
7.363
26.08
BC
0.75
36
0.4418
15.904
18.11
(b)
U (in kip)
86.32 103
5.65 103
89.92 103
11.72 10
176.24 103
(a)
u (in kip/in 3 )
U = 176.2 103 in kip
U = 176.2 in lb
In AB : u = 11.72 103 in kip/in 3
u AB = 11.72 in lb/in 3
In BC : u = 5.65 103 in kip/in 3
uBC = 5.65 in lb/in 3
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.10
Using E = 200 GPa, determine (a) the strain energy of the steel
rod ABC when P = 25 kN, (b) the corresponding strain-energy
density in portions AB and BC of the rod.
SOLUTION
AAB =
(20) 2 = 314.16 mm 2
= 314.16 106 m 2
ABC =
(16) 2 = 201.06 mm 2
= 201.06 106 m 2
P = 25 103 N
U =
=
(a)
(b)
P 2L
2 EA
(25 103 ) 2 (1.2)

(25 103 ) 2 (0.8)
+
(2)(200 109 )(314.16 106 ) (2)(200 109 )(201.06 106 )
U = 5.968 + 6.213 = 12.18 N m
AB =
u AB =
BC =
uBC =
U = 12.18 J
P
25 103
=
= 79.58 106 Pa
AAB 314.16 106
2
AB
2E
(79.58 106 ) 2
= 15.83 103
9
(2)(200 10 )
u AB = 15.83 kJ/m3
P
25 103
=
= 124.28 106 Pa
AAB 201.16 106
2
BC
2E
(124.28 106 ) 2
= 38.6 103
(2)(200 109 )
uBC = 38.6 kJ/m3
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.11
A 30-in. length of aluminum pipe of cross-sectional area
1.85 in 2 is welded to a fixed support A and to a rigid cap B. The
steel rod EF, of 0.75-in. diameter, is welded to cap B. Knowing
that the modulus of elasticity is 29 106 psi for the steel and
10.6 106 psi for the aluminum, determine (a) the total strain
energy of the system when P = 8 kips, (b) the corresponding
strain-energy density of the pipe CD and in the rod EF.
SOLUTION
Member EF carries a force P = 8000 lb in tension while member CD carries 8000 lb in compression.
Area of member EF: A =
(a)
d2 =
(0.75)2 = 0.4418 in 2
Strain energy.
CD :
U CD =
P2 L
( 8000) 2 (30)
=
= 48.95 in lb
2 EA (2)(10.6 106 )(1.85)
EF :
U EF =
P2 L
(8000) 2 (48)
=
= 119.89 in lb
2 EA (2)(29 106 )(0.4418)
Total: U = U CD + U EF = 168.8 in lb
(b)
U = 168.8 in lb.
Strain energy density.

CD :
8000
= 4324 psi,
1.85
u=
2
2E
(4324) 2
(2)(10.6 106 )
u = 0.882 in lb/in 3
EF :
8000
= 18108 psi,
0.4418
u=
2
2E
(18108) 2
(2)(29 106 )
u = 5.65 in lb/in 3
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.12
Rod AB is made of a steel for which the yield strength is Y = 450 MPa
and E = 200 GPa; rod BC is made of an aluminum alloy for which
Y = 280 MPa and E = 73 GPa. Determine the maximum strain energy
that can be acquired by the composite rod ABC without causing any
permanent deformations.
SOLUTION
AAB =
ABC =
(10) 2 = 78.54 mm 2
= 78.54 106 m 2
(14)2 = 153.94 mm 2
= 153.94 106 m 2
Pall = Y A for each portion.

AB :
Pall = (450 106 )(78.54 106 )

= 35.343 103 N
BC :
Pall = (280 106 )(153.94 106 )

= 43.103 103 N
Use the smaller value.
P = 35.343 103 N
U=
P 2 LBC
P 2 LAB
(35.343 103 ) 2 (1.2)
+
=
2 E AB AAB 2 EBC ABC (2)(200 109 )(78.54 106 )
+
(35.343 103 ) 2 (1.6)

(2)(73 109 )(153.94 106 )
U = 136.6 J
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.13
A single 6-mm-diameter steel pin B is used to connect the steel strip
DE to two aluminum strips, each of 20-mm width and 5-mm
thickness. The modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa for the steel and
70 GPa for the aluminum. Knowing that for the pin at B the
allowable shearing stress is all = 85 MPa, determine, for the loading
shown, the maximum strain energy that can be acquired by the
assembled strips.
SOLUTION
Apin =
d2 =
(6) 2 = 28.274 mm 2
= 28.274 106 m 2
all = 85 106 Pa
Double shear:
P = 2 A = (2)(28.274 106 )(85 106 )

= 4.8066 103 N
For strips AB, DB, BE,
A = (20)(5) = 100 mm 2 = 100 106 m 2

1
FAB = FDB = P = 2.4033 103 N
2
U AB = U DB =
U BE =
Total:
2
FAB
LAB
(2.4033 103 )(0.5)
=
= 0.2063 J
2 Ea AAB (2)(70 109 )(100 106 )
2
FBE
LBE (4.8066 103 ) 2 (1.25 0.5)
=
= 0.4332 J
2 Es ABE
(2)(200 109 )(100 106 )
U = U AB + U DB + U BE = 0.846 J
U = 0.846 J
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.14
Rod BC is made of a steel for which the yield strength is Y = 300 MPa
and the modulus of elasticity is E = 200 GPa. Knowing that a strain
energy of 10 J must be acquired by the rod when the axial load P is
applied, determine the diameter of the rod for which the factor of safety
with respect to permanent deformation is six.
U Y = ALuY
A=
d2
SOLUTION
For factor of safety of six on the energy,
U Y = (6)(10) = 60 J
uY =
Y2
(300 106 )2
(2)(200 109 )
2E
= 225 103 J/m3

U Y = ALuY
A=
UY
60
=
LuY (1.8)(225 103 )
= 148.148 106 m 2
A=
d=
d2
4A
(4)(148.148 106 )
= 13.73 10 m
d = 13.73 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.15
The assembly ABC is made of a steel for which E = 200 GPa
and Y = 320 MPa. Knowing that a strain energy of 5 J must be
acquired by the assembly as the axial load P is applied, determine
the factor of safety with respect to permanent deformation when
(a) x = 300 mm, (b) x = 600 mm.
SOLUTION
Y = 320 MPa = 320 106 Pa,

AAB =
2
d AB
=
(12) 2 = 113.097 mm 2 = 113.097 106 m 2
2
d BC
= (18) 2 = 254.47 mm 2 = 254.47 106 m 2
4
4
= AAB
ABC =
Amin
E = 200 GPa = 200 109 Pa
Force at yielding or allowable axial force.

P = PY = Y Amin = (320 106 )(113.097 106 ) = 36.191 103 N
(a)
x = 300 mm:
LAB = 0.300 m,
U Y = U AB + U BC =
=
LBC = 0.600 m
P LAB
P LBC
P 2 LAB
L
+
=
+ BC
ABC
2EAAB 2 EABC
2E AAB
2
(36.191 103 ) 2
0.300
0.600
+
9
6
6
(2)(200 10 ) 113.097 10
254.97 10
= (3.2745 103 )(2652.6 + 2353.2) = 16.392 J
(b)
Applied energy:
U = 5J
Factor of safety:
UY
16.392
=
U
5
x = 600 mm:
UY =
LAB = 0.600 m,
F .S . = 3.28
LBC = 0.300 m
36.191 103
0.600
0.300
+
9
6
6
(2)(200 10 ) 113.097 10
254.97 10
= (3.2745 103 )(5305.2 + 1176.6) = 21.225 J
Factor of safety:
UY
21.225
=
U
5
F .S . = 4.25
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.16
Using E = 10.6 106 psi, determine by approximate means the
maximum strain energy that can be acquired by the aluminum rod
shown if the allowable normal stress is all = 22 ksi.
SOLUTION
Amin =
(1.5) 2 = 1.7671 in 2
all = 22000 psi

Pall = all Amin = 38877 lb
U=
P 2dx P 2
=
2 EA 2 E
dx
2 P 2 dx
E d2
Use Simpsons rule to compute the integral. h = 1.5 in.

Section
d(in.)
1/d 2 (in 2 )
multiplier
m (1/d 2 ) (in 2 )
1.50
0.4444
0.4444
2.10
0.22675
0.9070
2.55
0.15379
0.3076
2.85
0.12311
0.4924
3.00
0.11111
0.1111
2.2625
B
A
dx
d2
U=
1
h
1.5
m 2 =
(2.2625) = 1.13125 in-1
3
3
d
(2)(38877) 2 (1.13125)
(10.6 106 )
U = 102.7 in lb
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.17
Show by integration that the strain energy of the tapered rod AB is
U=
P2 L
4 EAmin
where Amin is the cross-sectional area at end B.
SOLUTION
Radius: r =
cx
L
Amin = c 2
A = r2 =
U=
2L
L
c2
2
x2
L
P dx P 2
=
2 EA 2 E
2
2L
L
L2 dx
c 2 x2
2L
P 2 L2 1

2 E c 2 x L
=
P 2 L2 1
1
+
2 EAmin 2 L L
U=
P2 L
4 EAmin
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.18
In the truss shown, all members are made of the same material and have the uniform crosssectional area indicated. Determine the strain energy of the truss when the load P is
applied.
SOLUTION
Equilibrium of joint C.
Solving the force triangle,
P
= 0.577 P
tan 60
P
=
= 1.155P
sin 60
FBC =
FCD
Member CB:
Member CD:
U CD =
Total strain energy:
U BC =
2
FBC
LBC
(0.577 P) 2 l
P 2l
=
= 0.1667
EA
2EA
2EA
2
FCD
LCD
(1.155P) 2 (2l )
P 2l
=
= 1.3333
EA
2EA
2EA
U = U BC + U CD
U = 1.500
P 2l
EA
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.19
In the truss shown, all members are made of the same material and have the
uniform cross-sectional area indicated. Determine the strain energy of the truss
when the load P is applied.
SOLUTION
2
LBC = LCD =
5
1
l2 + l =
l
2
2

Joint C. (equilibrium)
Fx = 0 :
2
2
FBC
FCD = 0
5
5
FCD = FBC
Fy = 0 :
FBC =
5
P
2
1
1
FBC
FCD P = 0
5
5
FCD =
5
P
2
Strain energy.
F 2L
1 2
2
FBC LBC + FCD
LCD
=
2 EA 2EA
2
2
1 5 5 5 5
P
l +
P
l
=
2 EA 2 2 2 2
U =
U = 1.398
P 2l
EA
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.20
In the truss shown, all members are made of the same material and
have the uniform cross-sectional areas indicated. Determine the strain
energy of the truss when the load P is applied.
SOLUTION
Geometry.
= tan 1
1
= 26.57
2
lBD = 2l , lBC = lCD =
l/2
= 1.118l
sin 26.57
From the force triangle,
P/2
FBC = FCD =
= 1.118P
sin 26.57
Equilibrium of joint D.
Fx = 0:
FBD (1.118P) cos 26.57 = 0
FBD = P
Strain energy.
F 2L
U = i i = U BC + U BD + U CD
2 AE
1 (1.118P)2 (1.118l ) ( P) 2 (2l ) (1.118P) 2 (1.118l )
=
+
+
2E
2A
A
A
= [1.3974 + 1 + 1.3974]
P 2l
P 2l
= 3.795
2 AE
2 AE
U = 1.898
P 2l
AE
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.21
In the truss shown, all members are made of the same material and have the uniform
cross-sectional area indicated. Determine the strain energy of the truss when the
load P is applied.
SOLUTION
+
FCD =
2
P
3
Fx = 0: FBC FCD = 0 FBC =
1
P
3
Fy = 0:
3
FCD P = 0
2
1
2
Fy = 0: FBD +
Strain energy.
Member
BC
CD
BD
1
3
2
3
U =
3
FCD = 0
2
FBD = P
1 F 2L
1
F 2L
=
A
2 EA
2E
F2L/A
1 2
P l/A
3
2l
8 2
P l/A
3
3l
3P 2l/A
4.732P2l/A
U =
1
P 2l
4.732
2 E
A
U = 2.37
P 2l
EA
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.22
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has the crosssectional area shown. Using E = 29 106 psi, determine the strain
energy of the truss for the loading shown.
SOLUTION
7.52 + 42 = 8.5 ft = 102 in.
LBC =
LCD = 7.5 ft = 90 in.

ABC = 3 in 2 ,
ACD = 4 in 2
E = 29000 ksi
Equilibrium at joint C.
Fy = 0:
4
FBC 24 = 0
8.5
Fx = 0: FCD
FBC = 51 kips
7.5
(51 kips) + 20 kips = 0
8.5
FCD = 25 kips
Strain energy.
U =
=
Fi 2 Li
F2 L
F2 L
= BC BC + CD CD
2 EAi
2 EABC
2 EACD
(51) 2 (102)
(25) 2 (90)
+
(2)(29000)(3) (2)(29000)(4)
= 1.5247 + 0.2425
U = 1.767 kip in
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.23
Each member of the truss shown is made of aluminum and has the
cross-sectional area shown. Using E = 72 GPa, determine the strain
energy of the truss for loading shown.
SOLUTION
Lengths of members:
LBC = (3.22 + 2.42 )1/ 2 = 4 m
LCD = (12 + 2.42 )1/ 2 = 2.6 m
E = 72 GPa = 72 109 Pa
Forces in kN.
Equilibrium of truss.
M B = 0: (30)(2.4) (80)(3.2) + Dy (2.2) = 0

D y = 83.636 kN
Fy = 0: Dy By 80 = 0
83.636 B y 80 = 0
B y = 3.636 kN
Member forces.
FBC = B y
4m
4
= (3.636 kN)
= 6.061 kN
2.4 m
2.4
FCD = Dy
Strain energy.
U =
U = U BC + U CD =
2.6 m
2.6
= (83.636 kN)
= 90.606 kN
2.4 m
2.4
Fi Li
2 AE
2
FBC
LBC
F2 L
(6.061 103 ) 2 (4)
(90.606 103 ) 2 (2.6)
+ CD CD =
+
2 EABC
2EACD
(2)(72 109 )(2 103 ) (2)(72 109 )(2.5 103 )
= 0.510 J + 59.290 J
U = 59.8 J
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.24
Taking into account only the effect of normal stresses, determine the strain
energy of the prismatic beam AB for the loading shown.
SOLUTION
v
M K = 0: M (wv) = 0
2
1
M = wv 2
2
U=
M2
1
dv =
2 EI
2 EI
w2
=
8EI
=
w2 L5
40EI
1 2
wv dv
2
w2 v 5
v dv =
8 EI 5
U =
w2 L5
40EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.25
SOLUTION
L
M B = 0 : RAL + (wL) = 0
2
Bending moment:
M = RA x
U=
wL
2
1 2 w
wx = ( Lx x 2 )
2
2
M2
w2
dx =
2 EI
8EI
w2
=
8EI
RA =
( Lx x 2 ) 2 dx
w2 L2 x3 2 Lx 4 x5
+
( L x 2 Lx + x )dx =
8 EI 3
4
5
2 2
2 5
w L 1 1 1
+
8EI 3 2 5
U =
w2 L5
240 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.26
Taking into account only the effect of normal stresses, determine the
strain energy of the prismatic beam AB for the loading shown.
SOLUTION
A to D:
M B = 0: RA L M 0 = 0
RA =
M0
M A = 0:
RB L M 0 = 0
RB =
M0
M J = 0:
M0x
+M =0
L
M0x
L
M =
U AD =
D to B:
M 02
M 2 dx
=
2 EI
2 EIL2
M K = 0: M +
M=
U DB =
Total:
x 2 dx =
M 02 a 3
6 EIL2
M 0v
L
M 0v
L
M 02
M 2 dv
=
2 EI
2 EIL2
U = U AD + U DB
v 2 dv =
M 02 b3
6 EIL2
U=
M 02 (a3 + b3 )
6 EIL2
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.27
SOLUTION
Symmetric beam and loading:
RA = RB
Fy = 0: RA + RB 2 P = 0
Over portion AD,
M = RA x = Px
U AD =
Over portion DE,
RA = RB = P
M2
P2
dx =
2 EI
2 EI
M = Pa
U DE =
P 2 x3
x dx =
2 EI 3
=
0
P 2 a3
6 EI
P 2 a 2 ( L 2a )
2 EI
Over portion EB,

By symmetry,
U EB = U AD =
Total:
P 2 a3
6 EI
U = U AD + U DE + U EB
U=
P2a2
(3L 4a )
6 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.28
Using E = 200 GPa, determine the strain energy due to bending for the
steel beam and loading shown. (Ignore the effect of shearing stresses.)
SOLUTION
Over portion AC,
M=
U AC =
1
Px
2
L/2
M2
P2
dx =
2 EI
8EI
P 2 x3
=
8EI 3
By symmetry,
U CB = U AC =
L/2
=
0
L/2
x 2 dx
P 2 L3
192 EI
P 2 L3
192 EI
P 2 L3
96 EI
Total:
U = U AC + U CB =
Data:
P = 180 103 N, L = 4.8 m, E = 200 109 Pa

I = 178 106 mm 4 = 178 106 m 4
U=
(180 103 )2 (4.8)3

= 1048 N m
(96)(200 109 )(178 106 )
U = 1048 J
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.29
Using E = 200 GPa, determine the strain energy due to bending for
the steel beam and loading shown. (Ignore the effect of shearing
stresses.)
SOLUTION
M = Px
Over portion AD,
U AD =
M2
1
dx =
2 EI
2 EI
P 2 x3
=
2 EI 3
=
0
P 2 a3
6 EI
M = Pa
Over portion DE,

U DE =
( Pa)2 a
P 2a 3
=
2EI
2EI
U EB = U AD =
By symmetry,
( Px) 2 dx
P 2a3
6 EI
U = U AD + U DE + U EB =
Data:
5 P 2a 3
6 EI
P = 80 103 N, a = 1.6 m, E = 200 109 Pa

I = 163 106 mm 4 = 163 106 m 4
U =
5
(80 103 ) 2 (1.6)3
= 670 N m
6 (200 109 )(163 106 )
U = 670 J
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.30
Using E = 29 106 psi, determine the strain energy due to bending for
stresses.)
SOLUTION
Equilibrium.
M B = 0:
(4 kip)(24 in.) C (96 in.) = 0

C = 1 kip
Bending moment diagram.

(0 x 24 in.)
Over AB:
M = 4 x kip in
(0 v 96 in.)
Over BC:
M = 1v kip in
U = U AB + U CB =
Strain energy.
Data:
24
I = 16.4 in 4 ,
W6 9,
2
M AB
dx +
2 EI
96
2
M CB
dv
2 EI
E = 29 103 ksi
96
1 24
1 16
1
(4 x) 2 dx +
( v)2 dv =
(24)3 + (96)3
0
2 EI 0
2
3
3
EI
184320
184320
=
=
= 0.38755 in kip
EI
(29 103 )(16.4)
U=
U = 388 in lb
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.31
Using E = 29 106 psi, determine the strain energy due to bending for
stresses.)
SOLUTION
Over A to B:
M = Px
U AB =
Over B to C:
M 2 dx P 2
=
2 EI
2 EI
x 2 dx =
P 2 a3
6 EI
M = Pa = constant
U BC =
By symmetry,
M 2b P 2 a 2b
=
2 EI
2 EI
U CD = U AB =
P 2 a3
6 EI
P 2 a 2 (2a + 3b)
6 EI
Total:
U = U AB + U BC + U CD =
Data:
P = 2 103 lb, a = 15 in., b = 60 in.

1
I = (1.5)(3)3 = 3.375 in 4
12
U=
(2 103 )2 (15) 2 [(2) (15) + (3) (60)]

(6) (29 106 ) (3.375)
U = 322 in lb
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.32
Assuming that the prismatic beam AB has a rectangular cross section,
show that for the given loading the maximum value of the strain-energy
density in the beam is
umax = 15
U
V
where U is the strain energy of the beam and V is its volume.
SOLUTION
M K = 0: M ( wv)
v
=0
2
1
M = wv 2
2
U=
L
0
M2
1
dv =
2 EI
2 EI
w2
=
8EI
1 2
wv dv
2
w2 x 5
v dv =
8EI 5
2 5
w L
40 EI
M max =
1 2
wL
2
umax =
2
max
2E
max =
=
2
M max
c2
2 EI 2
M max c
I
1
4
w2 L4 c 2
2 EI 2
w2 L4 c 2
8 EI 2
L 121 bd 3
1
1
U
LI
= 2 =
= Lbd = V
2
15
15
umax 5c
5 ( d2 )
umax = 15
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.33
The ship at A has just started to drill for oil on the ocean floor at a depth of
5000 ft. The steel drill pipe has an outer diameter of 8 in. and a uniform
wall thickness of 0.5 in. Knowing that the top of the drill pipe rotates
through two complete revolutions before the drill bit at B starts to operate
and using G = 11.2 106 psi, determine the maximum strain energy acquired
by the drill pipe.
SOLUTION
= (2) (2 ) = 4 rad
L = 5000 ft = 60 103 in.
d
co = o = 4 in.
ci = co t = 3.5 in.
2
J=
(c
2
TL
=
GJ
4
o
ci4 = 166.406 in 4
T=
GJ
L
2
U=
T 2 L GJ L
GJ 2
=
=
2GJ L 2GJ
2L
U=
(11.2 106 )(166.406)(4 ) 2

(2)(60 103 )
U = 2.45 106 in lb
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.34
Rod AC is made of aluminum and is subjected to a torque T applied
at C. Knowing that G = 73 GPa and that portion BC of the rod is hollow
and has an inner diameter of 16 mm, determine the strain energy of the
rod for a maximum shearing stress of 120 MPa.
SOLUTION
do
= 12 mm
2
d
ci = i = 8 mm
2
co =
J AB =
co4 =
(12) 4 = 32.572 103 mm 4

= 32.572 109 m 4
J BC =
(c
2
4
o
ci4 =
(124 84 ) = 26.138 103 mm 4

= 26.138 109 m 4
all =
Total:
Tc
J min
T=
J min all (26.138 10 9 )(120 106 )

=
= 261.38 N m
c
12 103
U AB =
T 2 LAB
(261.38) 2 (400 103 )
=
= 5.747 J
2GJ AB (2)(73 109 )(32.572 109 )
U BC =
T 2 LBC
(261.38)2 (500 103 )
=
= 8.951 J
2GJ BC (2)(73 109 )(26.138 109 )
U = U AB + U BC
U = 14.70 J
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.35
Show by integration that the strain energy in the tapered rod AB is
U=
7 T 2L
78 GJ min
where J min is the polar moment of inertia of the rod at end B.
SOLUTION
r=
J=
cx
L
r4 =
c4
2 L4
2 L T 2 dx
=
U=
L 2GJ
2
T 2 L4
2GJ min
2L
L
x 4 , J min =
2L
L
c4
T 2 dx
c4 4
2G
x
4
2 L
dx
x4
2L
T 2 L4 1
=
2GJ min 3x3 L

U=
T 2 L4
2GJ min
1
1
+ 3

3
3L
3(2 L)
U=
7 T 2L
48 GJ min
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.36
The state of stress shown occurs in a machine component made of a
grade of steel for which Y = 65 ksi. Using the maximum-distortionenergy criterion, determine the factor of safety associated with the
yield strength when (a) y = +16 ksi, (b) y = 16 ksi.
SOLUTION
1
2
= 4 ksi
x z 8 0
=
2
2
= 4 ksi
xz = 14 ksi
ave = (0 + 8)
z
2
+ xz
R= x
= 42 + 142
= 14.56 ksi
a = ave + R
= 18.56
b = ave R
= 10.56
c = y

( a b ) 2 + ( b c ) 2 + ( c a )2 = 2 Y
F .S .
(a)
c = y = 16 ksi
65
(18.56 + 10.56) 2 + (10.56 16)2 + (16 18.56)2 = 2
F .S .
8450
847.97 + 705.43 + 6.55 =
( F .S .) 2
(b)
F .S . = 2.33
c = y = 16 ksi
65
(18.56 + 10.56) 2 + (10.56 + 16) 2 + (16 18.56) 2 = 2
F .S .
8450
847.97 + 29.59 + 1194.39 =
( F .S .) 2
F .S . = 2.02
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.37
grade of steel for which Y = 65 ksi. Using the maximum-distortionenergy criterion, determine the range of values of y for which the
factor of safety associated with the yield strength is equal to or larger
than 2.2.
SOLUTION
1
2
= 4 ksi
x z 8 0
=
2
2
= 4 ksi
xz = 14 ksi
ave = (0 + 8)
z
2
R= x
+ xz
2
= 42 + 142
= 14.56 ksi
a = ave + R
= 18.56 ksi
b = ave R
= 10.56 ksi
c = y

( a b ) 2 + ( b c ) 2 + ( c a ) 2 = 2 Y
F .S .
65
(18.56 + 10.56) 2 + (10.56 y )2 + ( y 18.56) 2 = 2
2.2
847.97 + (111.51 + 21.12 y + y2 ) + ( y2 37.12 y + 344.47) = 1745.87

2 y2 16 y 441.92 = 0
16 162 + (4)(2)(441.92)
(2)(2)
= 4 15.39
y = 19.39 ksi, 11.39 ksi
y =
11.39 ksi y 19.39 ksi
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.38
brass for which Y = 160 MPa. Using the maximum-distortion-energy
criterion, determine the range of values of z for which yield does not
occur.
SOLUTION
1
2
= 60 MPa
ave = (100 + 20)

x y
2
xy
100 20
2
= 40 MPa
= 75 MPa
=
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
= 402 + 752
= 85 MPa
a = ave + R
= 145 MPa
b = ave R
= 25 MPa
c = z
( a b ) 2 + ( b c ) 2 + ( c a ) 2 = 2 Y2
(145 + 25)2 + ( 25 z ) 2 + ( z 145) 2 = (2)(160) 2
28900 + (625 + 50 z + z2 ) + ( z2 290 z + 21025) = 51200
2 z2 240 z 650 = 0
240 2402 + (4)(2)(650)
= 60 62.65
(2)(2)
z = 122.65 MPa, 2.65 MPa
z =
2.65 MPa < z < 122.65 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.39
brass for which Y = 160 MPa. Using the maximum-distortion-energy
criterion, determine whether yield occurs when (a) z = +45 MPa,
(b) z = 45 MPa.
SOLUTION
1
2
= 60 MPa
ave = (100 + 20)

x y
2
xy
100 20
2
= 40 MPa
= 75 MPa
=
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
= 402 + 752
= 85 MPa
a = ave + R = 145 MPa
b = ave R = 25 MPa
c = z
?
( a b ) 2 + ( b c ) 2 + ( c a ) 2 < 2 Y2
(a)
c = z = +45 MPa
?
(145 + 25) 2 + (25 45) 2 + (45 145)2 < 2(160) 2 = 51200

28900 + 4900 + 10000 = 43800 < 51200
(b)
(No yield.)
c = z = 45 MPa
?
(145 + 25) 2 + (25 + 45)2 + ( 45 145) 2 < 51200

28900 + 400 + 36100 = 65400 > 51200
(Yield occurs.)
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.40
Determine the strain energy of the prismatic beam AB, taking
into account the effect of both normal and shearing stresses.
SOLUTION
Reactions:
RA =
M0
M
, RB = 0
L
L
Shear:
V =
Bending moment:
M=
M0
L
M0
v
L
For bending,
L
L
M 02
M2
dv =
v 2 dv
2 0
2 EI
2 EIL
M L3 M 2 L
= 0 2 = 0
6 EI
6 EIL
U1 =
xy =
3V
y2
1 2
2 A
c
For shear,
2
xy
9M 02
y2
1 2 =
8G (bd ) 2 L2
c
9V 2
u=
=
2G 8GA2
L
U 2 = udv =
9 M 02
2 2
8Gbd L
1
d
2
c=
y2 y4
1 2 2 + 4
c
c
c
L c
9M 02 b
y2 y4
1
2
+
u b dy dx =
dy dx
c
8Gb 2 d 2 L2 0 c
c 2 c 4
L
0
9M 02
2 y3 1 y5
+
=
dx
y
3 c 2 5 c 4
8Gbd 2 L2
L
0
4
2
2c 3 c + 5 c dx
9 M 02
6 M 02 c
3 M 02
16
=
=
c
L
5 Gbd 2 L 5 GbdL
8Gbd 2 L2 15
Total:
with
U = U1 + U 2 =
I=
U=
M 02 L 3 M 02
+
6 EI 5 GbdL
1 3
bd
12
2 M 02 L
Ebd 3
3 M 02
5 GbdL
U=
2 M 02 L
3 E d 2
1+ 2
3
Ebd 10 G L
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.41*
A vibration isolation support is made by
bonding a rod A, of radius R1, and a tube B, of
inner radius R2, to a hollow rubber cylinder.
Denoting by G the modulus of rigidity of the
rubber, determine the strain energy of the
hollow rubber cylinder for the loading shown.
SOLUTION
Fx = 0: (2 rL) + Q = 0
=
Q2
2G 8 2 r 2 L2 G
Q2
U = u dV = 2 2
8 GL
u=
Q
2 rL
Q2
4 GL2
R2
R1
dV
Q2
=
r 2 8 2 GL2
dr
Q2
dx =
r
4 GL2
L
0
R2
R1
2 r dr
dx
r2
lnr R2 dx
1
U=
R
Q2
ln 2
4 GL R1
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.42
The cylindrical block E has a speed v0 = 16 ft/s when it strikes squarely the
yoke BD that is attached to the 78 -in.-diameter rods AB and CD. Knowing
that the rods are made of a steel for which Y = 50 ksi and
E = 29 106 psi, determine the weight of block E for which the factor of
safety is five with respect to permanent deformation of the rods.
SOLUTION
At the onset of yielding, the force in each rod is
F = Y A.
Corresponding strain energy:

U AB =
2
FAB
LAB Y2 A2 L Y2 AL
=
=
2 EAAB
2 EA
2E
U CD = U AB =
Y2 AL
2E
U m = U AB + U CD =
Y2 AL
E
1W 2
1
U m = mv02 ( F .S .) =
v0 ( F .S .)
2
2 g
Solving for W,
Data:
W=
2 gU m
v02 ( F .S .)
2 g Y2 AL
v02 ( F .S .) E
g = 32.17 ft/ sec2 = 386 in/ sec2 ,

A=
d2 =
Y = 50 103 psi,
E = 29 106 psi
= 0.60132 in 2
48
L = 3.5 ft = 42 in.
F .S . = 5
v0 = 16 ft/sec = 192 in/sec

W=
(2)(386)(50 103 )2 (0.60132)(42)

(192)2 (5)(29 106 )
W = 9.12 lb
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.43
The 18-lb cylindrical block E has a horizontal velocity v0 when
squarely the yoke BD that is attached to the 78 -in.-diameter
and CD. Knowing that the rods are made of a steel for which Y
and E = 29 106 psi, determine the maximum allowable speed
rods are not to be permanently deformed.
it strikes
rods AB
= 50 ksi
v0 if the
SOLUTION
At the onset of yielding, the force in each rod is
F = Y A.

U AB =
2
FAB
LAB
2 A2 L Y2 AL
= Y
=
2EAAB
2EA
2E
U CD =
2
2 AL
FCD
LCD
= Y
2EACD
2E
Total:
Solving for v02 ,
Um =
1 2 1W 2
mv0 =
v0
2
2 g
v02 =
2 gU m
2 g Y2 AL
=
W
EW
g = 32.17 ft/s 2 = 386 in/s 2
v0 =
d2 =
Y = 50 103 psi
2
= 0.60132 in ,
4
48
L = 3.5 ft = 42 in.
A=
Y2 AL
2 g Y2 AL
EW
v0 =
Data:
U m = U AB + U CD =
E = 29 106 psi
W = 18 lb
(2)(386)(50 103 ) 2 (0.60132)(42)

= 305.6 in/sec
(29 106 )(18)
v0 = 25.5 ft/sec
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.44
Collar D is released from rest in the position shown and is stopped by a
small plate attached at end C of the vertical rod ABC. Determine the mass
of the collar for which the maximum normal stress in portion BC is
125 MPa.
SOLUTION
m = 125 106 Pa
2
Portion BC:
ABC =
(9) = 63.617 mm 2 = 63.617 106 m 2
Pm = m ABC = 7952 N

U BC =
(12)2 = 113.907 mm 2 = 113.907 106 m 2

4
P2 L
(7952) 2 (4)
= m AB =
= 10.574 J
2 E AB AAB (2)(105 109 )(113.907 106 )
AAB =
U AB
Pm2 LBC
(7952) 2 (2.5)
=
= 17.750 J
2 EBC ABC (2)(70 109 )(63.617 106 )
U m = U BC + U AB = 28.324 J
Corresponding elongation m :
1
Pm m = U m
2
2U m (2)(28.324)
m =
=
= 7.12 103 m
Pm
7952
Falling distance:
Work of weight = U m
h = 0.6 + 7.12 103 = 0.60712 m

Wh = mgh = U m
m=
Um
28.324
=
gh (9.81)(0.60712)
m = 4.76 kg
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.45
Solve Prob. 11.46, assuming that both portions of rod ABC are made of
aluminum.
PROBLEM 11.44 Collar D is released from rest in the position shown and
is stopped by a small plate attached at end C of the vertical rod ABC.
Determine the mass of the collar for which the maximum normal stress in
portion BC is 125 MPa.
SOLUTION
m = 125 106 Pa
2
Portion BC:
ABC =
(9) = 63.617 mm 2 = 63.617 106 m 2
Pm = m ABC = 7952 N

U BC =
(12)2 = 113.907 mm 2 = 113.907 106 m 2

4
P2 L
(7952)2 (4)
= m AB =
= 15.861 J
2 EAAB (2)(70 109 )(113.907 106 )
AAB =
U AB
Pm2 LBC
(7952) 2 (2.5)
=
= 17.750 J
2 EABC (2)(70 109 )(63.617 106 )
U m = U BC + U AB = 33.611 J
Total:
Corresponding elongation m :
1
Pm m = U m
2
2U m (2)(33.611)
m =
=
= 8.45 103 m
Pm
7952
Falling distance:
Work of weight = U m .
h = 0.6 + m = 0.60845 m
Wh = mgh = U m
m=
Um
33.611
=
gh (9.81)(0.60845)
m = 5.63 kg
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.46
The 48-kg collar G is released from rest in the position shown and is stopped by
plate BDF that is attached to the 20-mm-diameter steel rod CD and to the
15-mm-diameter steel rods AB and EF. Knowing that for the grade of steel used
all = 180 MPa and E = 200 GPa, determine the largest allowable distance h.
SOLUTION
Let m be the maximum elongation.
m =
AB L
E
CD L
E
EF L
E
AB = CD = EF = 180 MPa = 180 106 Pa

L = 2.5 m
For each rod,

Rod CD:
ACD =
U CD =
Rods AB and EF:
m =
(180 106 )(2.5)

= 0.00225 m
200 109
U =
2
Fm2 L ( EA m /L) 2 L
EA m
=
=
2EA
2 EA
2L
(20) 2 = 314.16 mm 2 = 314.16 106 m 2
(200 109 )(314.16 106 )(0.00225)2

= 63.617 J
(2)(2.5)
AAB = AEF =
U AB = U EF =
E = 200 109 Pa
(15) 2 = 176.71 mm 2 = 176.71 106 m 2
(200 109 )(176.71 106 )(0.00225) 2

= 35.674 J
(2)(2.5)
U m = U AB + U CD + U EF = 134.97 J
Work of falling collar:

U m = mg (h + m ) = (48)(9.81)(h + m )
Equating,
(48)(9.81)(h + m ) = 134.97
h + m = 0.28662 m
h = 0.28662 0.00225 = 0.285 m
h = 285 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.47
Solve Prob. 11.46, assuming that the 20-mm-diameter steel rod CD is replaced
by a 20-mm-diameter rod made of an aluminum alloy for which
all = 150 MPa and E = 75 GPa.
PROBLEM 11.46 The 48-kg collar G is released from rest in the position
shown and is stopped by plate BDF that is attached to the 20-mm-diameter steel
rod CD and to the 15-mm-diameter steel rods AB and EF. Knowing that for the
grade of steel used all = 180 MPa and E = 200 GPa, determine the largest
allowable distance h.
SOLUTION
Let m be the maximum elongation.
L = 2.5 m
m =
If rod CD yields,
E AB
CD L
CD = 150 106 Pa,

m =
If rods AB and EF yield,
AB L
ECD
EF L
EEF
ECD = 75 109 Pa
(150 106 )(2.5)

= 0.005 m
75 109
AB = EF = 180 106 Pa
E AB = EEF = 200 109 Pa
m =
(180 106 )(2.5)

= 0.00225 m
200 109
The smaller value of m governs.
2
F 2 L ( EA m /L) 2 L
EA m
=
=
2EA
2 EA
2L
For each rod,
U =
Rod CD:
ACD =
U CD =
Rods AB and EF:
m = 0.00225 m
(20) 2 = 314.16 mm 2 = 314.16 106
(75 109 )(314.16 106 )(0.00225) 2

= 23.857 J
(2)(2.5)
AAB = AEF =
U AB = U EF =
(15) 2 = 176.71 mm 2 = 176.71 106 m 2
(200 109 )(176.71 106 )(0.00225) 2

= 35.674 J
(2)(2.5)
U m = U AB + U CD + U EF = 95.205 J
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.47 (Continued)
Work of falling collar:

U m = mg (h + m ) = (48)(9.81)(h + m )
Equating,
(48)(9.81)(h + m ) = 95.205
h + m = 0.20218 m
h = 0.20218 0.00225 = 0.19993 m

h = 200 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.48
The steel beam AB is struck squarely at its midpoint C by a 45-kg
block moving horizontally with a speed v0 = 2 m/s. Using
E = 200 GPa, determine (a) the equivalent static load, (b) the
maximum normal stress in the beam, (c) the maximum deflection of
the midpoint C of the beam.
SOLUTION
From Appendix C, for W150 13.5,
I x = 6.83 106 mm 4 = 6.83 106 m 4
S x = 91.1 103 mm3 = 91.1 106 m3
Kinetic energy: T =
1
1
m v02 = (45)(2)2 = 90 J
2
2
From Appendix D, Case 4:

ym =
PL3
,
48EI
M max =
PL
4
Principle of work and energy.

U =
(a)
1
P 2 L3
Pm ym = m = T
2
96EI
Equivalent static load.

Pm =
96EIT
=
L3
(96)(200 109 )(6.83 106 )(90)

= 20.907 103 N
(3.0)3
Pm = 21.0 kN
(b)
Maximum normal stress.
m =
M max
P L (20.907 103 )(3.0)
= m =
= 172.1 106 Pa
S
4S
(4)(91.1 106 )
m = 172.1 MPa
(c)
Maximum deflection.
ym =
2U
(2)(90)
=
= 8.61 103 m
Pm
20.907 103
ym = 8.61 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.49
Solve Prob. 11.48, assuming that the W150 13.5 rolled-steel
beam is rotated by 90 about its longitudinal axis so that its web is
vertical.
PROBLEM 11.48 The steel beam AB is struck squarely at its
midpoint C by a 45-kg block moving horizontally with a speed
v0 = 2 m/s. Using E = 200 GPa, determine (a) the equivalent
static load, (b) the maximum normal stress in the beam, (c) the
maximum deflection of the midpoint C of the beam.
SOLUTION
From Appendix C, for W150 13.5,
I y = 0.916 106 mm 4 = 0.916 106 m 4
S y = 18.2 103 mm3 = 18.2 106 m3
Kinetic energy: T =
1
1
m v02 = (45)(2)2 = 90 J
2
2
From Appendix D, Case 4:

ym =
PL3
,
48EI
M max =
PL
4
Principle of work and energy.

U =
(a)
1
P 2 L3
Pm ym = m = T
2
96EI
Equivalent static load.

Pm =
96EIT
=
L3
(96)(200 109 )(0.916 106 )(90)

= 7.657 103 N
(3.0)3
Pm = 7.66 kN
(b)
Maximum normal stress.
m =
M max
P L (7.657 103 )(3.0)
= m =
= 316 106 Pa
S
4S
(4)(18.2 106 )
m = 316 MPa
(c)
Maximum deflection.
ym =
2U
(2)(90)
=
= 23.5 103 m
Pm
7.657 103
ym = 23.5 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.50
A 25-lb block C moving horizontally with a velocity v0 hits the
post AB squarely as shown. Using E = 29 106 psi, determine the
largest speed v0 for which the maximum normal stress in the pipe does not
exceed 18 ksi.
SOLUTION
I x = 21.4 in 4 ,
W5 16:
Maximum stress:
S x = 8.55 in 3
m = 18 ksi
Maximum bending moment:

M m = m S x = (18 ksi)(8.55 in 3 ) = 153.9 kip in
Equivalent force:
Pm L = M m
M m 153.9 kip in
=
= 1.71 kips = 1710 lb
L
90 in.
Pm =
From Appendix D,
ym =
Um =
T =
Kinetic energy:
T =
Equating,
Pm L3
(1710)(90)3
=
= 0.66956 in.
3EI
(3)(29 106 )(21.4)
1
1
Pm ym = (1710)(0.66956) = 572.48 in lb
2
2
= 47.706 ft lb
1W 2
v0
2 g
25
v02 = 0.3882v02 ft lb
(2)(32.2)
T = Um
0.3882v02 = 47.706
Maximum speed.
v0 = 11.09 ft/s
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.51
Solve Prob. 11.50, assuming that the post AB has rotated 90 about its
longitudinal axis.
PROBLEM 11.50 A 25-lb block C moving horizontally with a
velocity v0 hits the post AB squarely as shown. Using E = 29 106 psi,
determine the largest speed v0 for which the maximum normal stress in
the pipe does not exceed 18 ksi.
SOLUTION
I y = 7.51 in 4 ,
W5 16:
Maximum stress:
S y = 3.00 in 3
m = 18 ksi
Maximum bending moment:

M m = m S y = (18 ksi)(3.00 in 3 ) = 54.0 kip in
Equivalent force:
Pm =
Pm L = M m
Mm
54.0 kip in
=
= 0.600 kips = 600 lb
L
90 in.
From Appendix D,
ym =
Um =
T =
Kinetic energy:
T =
Equating,
(600)(90)3
Pm L3
=
= 0.66945 in.
3EI
(3)(29 106 )(7.51)
1
1
Pm ym = (600)(0.66945) = 200.83 in lb
2
2
= 16.736 ft lb
1W 2
v0
2 g
25
v02 = 0.3882v02 ft lb
(2)(32.2)
T = Um
0.3882v02 = 16.736
Maximum speed.
v0 = 6.57 ft/s
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.52
The 2-kg block D is dropped from the position shown onto the end of a 16-mmdiameter rod. Knowing that E = 200 GPa, determine (a) the maximum deflection
of end A, (b) the maximum bending moment in the rod, (c) the maximum normal
stress in the rod.
SOLUTION
I=
16
3
4
= = 3.2170 10 mm
42
4 2
= 3.2170 109 m 4
c=
d
= 8 mm = 8 103 m LAB = 0.6 m
2
Appendix D, Case 1:
Pm L3AB
M m = Pm LAB
3EI
3EI
(3)(200 109 )(3.217 109 )
= 8.9361 103 ym
Pm = 3 ym =
(0.6)3
LAB
ym =
Um =
Work of dropped weight:
1
1
Pm ym = (8.9361 103 ) ym2 = 4.4681 103 ym2
2
2
mg (h + ym ) = (2)(9.81)(0.040 + ym )
= 0.7848 + 19.62 ym
Equating work and energy,

0.7848 + 19.62 ym = 4.4681 103 ym2
ym2 4.3911 103 ym 175.645 106 = 0
(a)
ym =
1
4.3911 103 + (4.3911 103 ) 2 + (4)(175.645 106 )
2
= 15.629 103 m
}
ym = 15.63 mm
Pm = (8.9361 103 )(15.629 103 ) = 139.66 N
(b)
M m = Pm LAB = (139.66)(0.6)
(c)
m =
|M m | c (83.8)(8 103 )
=
= 208 106 Pa
9
I
3.2170 10
|M m | = 83.8 N m
m = 208 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.53
The 2-kg block D is dropped from the position shown onto the end of
a 16-mm-diameter rod. Knowing that E = 200 GPa, determine (a)
the maximum deflection of end A, (b) the maximum bending moment
in the rod, (c) the maximum normal stress in the rod.
SOLUTION
16
3
4
= = 3.2170 10 mm
42
4 2
I=
= 3.2170 109 m 4
c=
Over AB:
d
= 8 mm = 8 103 m a = 0.6 m
2
M = Pm x
U AB =
=
a
0
M m = Pm a
Pm2 x 2
P 2 a3
dx = m
2 EI
6 EI
(0.6)3
Pm2
(6)(200 109 )(3.2170 109 )
= 55.953 106 Pm2
By symmetry of bending moment diagram,

U BC = U AB = 55.953 106 Pm2
U m = U AB + U BC = 111.906 106 Pm2
1
Pm ym = U m = 111.906 106 Pm2
2
Pm = 4.4681 103 ym
Um =
Work of dropped weight:
1
Pm ym = 2.2340 103 ym2
2
mg (h + ym ) = (2)(9.81)(0.040 + ym )
= 0.7848 + 19.62 ym

0.7848 + 19.62 ym = 2.2340 103 ym2
ym2 8.7825 103 ym 351.298 106 = 0
without permission.
(a)
ym =
1
8.7825 103 + (8.7282 103 ) 2 + (4)(351.298 106 )
2
= 23.636 103 m = 23.6 mm
}
ym = 23.6 mm
Pm = (4.4681 103 )(23.636 106 ) = 105.61 N
(b)
M m = (105.61)(0.6) = 64.4 N m
(c)
m =
|M m | = 64.4 N m
|M m | c (64.4)(8 103 )
=
= 157.6 106 Pa
9
I
3.2170 10
m = 157.6 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.54
The 45-lb block D is dropped from a height h = 0.6 ft onto the steel
beam AB. Knowing that E = 29 106 psi, determine (a) the maximum
deflection at point E, (b) the maximum normal stress in the beam.
SOLUTION
S5 10 rolled steel shape:
I x = 12.3 in 4
S x = 4.90 in 4
a = 2 ft = 24 in.
b = 4 ft = 48 in.
L = 6 ft = 72 in.
h = 0.6 ft = 7.2 in.
RA =
Pmb
,
L
RB =
Pm a
,
L
Mm = ME =
Pm ab
L
From Appendix D, Case 5,

yE =
Pma 2b2
Pm (24) 2 (48) 2
=
= 17.2245 106 Pm
3EIL
(3)(29 106 )(12.3)(72)
Pm = 58057 yE
1
Pm ym = 29028 yE2
2
Um =
Work of falling weight:
W (h + yE ) = 45(7.2 + yE ) = 324 + 45 yE
324 + 45 yE = 29028 yE2
Equating work and energy:
yE2 1.5502 103 yE 11.1615 103 = 0
(a)
yE =
1
1.5502 103 + (1.5502 103 ) 2 (4)(11.1615 103 )
Deflection at E.
(b)
yE = 0.1061 in.
Pm = (58057)(0.1064) = 6.179 103 lb

Mm =
(6.179 103 )(24)(48)

= 98.86 103 lb in
72
m =
98.86 103
Mm
=
= 20.2 103 psi
4.90
Sx
Maximum stress.
m = 20.2 ksi
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.55
Solve Prob. 11.54, assuming that a W4 13 rolled-steel shape is used
for beam AB.
PROBLEM 11.54 The 45-lb block D is dropped from a height
h = 0.6 ft onto the steel beam AB. Knowing that E = 29 106 psi,
determine (a) the maximum deflection at point E, (b) the maximum
normal stress in the beam.
SOLUTION
W4 13 rolled steel shape:
RA =
I x = 11.3 in 4
S x = 5.46 in 3
a = 2 ft = 24 in.
b = 4 ft = 48 in.
L = 6 ft = 72 in.
h = 0.6 ft = 7.2 in.
Pmb
,
L
RB =
Pma
,
L
Mm = ME =
Pm ab
L

yE =
Pma 2b2
Pm (24) 2 (48) 2
=
= 18.7488 106 Pm
3EIL
(3)(29 106 )(11.3)(72)
Pm = 53337 yE
1
Pm ym = 26668 yE2
2
Um =
W (h + yE ) = 45(7.2 + yE ) = 324 + 45 yE
324 + 45 yE = 26668 yE2
yE2 1.6874 103 yE = 12.1494 103 = 0
(a)
yE =
1
1.6874 103 + (1.6874 103 ) 2 (4)(12.1494 103 )
Deflection at E.
(b)
yE = 0.1111 in.
Pm = (53337)(0.1111) = 5.926 103 lb

Mm =
(5.926 103 )(24)(48)

= 94.81 103 lb in
72
m =
94.81 103
Mm
=
= 17.36 103 psi
5.46
Sx
Maximum stress.
m = 17.36 ksi
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.56
A block of weight W is dropped from a height h onto the horizontal
beam AB and hits it at point D. (a) Show that the maximum deflection
ym at point D can be expressed as
2h
ym = yst 1 + 1 +
yst
where yst represents the deflection at D caused by a static load W

applied at that point and where the quantity in parenthesis is referred to
as the impact factor. (b) Compute the impact factor for the beam and
the impact of Prob. 11.52.
PROBLEM 11.52 The 2-kg block D is dropped from the position
shown onto the end of a 16-mm-diameter rod. Knowing that
E = 200 GPa, determine (a) the maximum deflection of end A, (b) the
maximum bending moment in the rod, (c) the maximum normal stress
in the rod.
SOLUTION
Work = W (h + ym )
U=
Strain energy:
1
1
Pym = kym2
2
2
where k is the spring constant for a load applied at point D.

W ( h + ym ) =
ym2
1 2
kym
2
2W
2W
ym
h=0
k
k
ym2 2 yst ym 2 yst h = 0
(a)
ym =
2 yst + 4 yst2 + 8 yst h

2
where
yst =
W
k
2h
ym = yst 1 + 1 +

yst
without permission.
For Problem 11.52,
W = mg = (2)(9.81) = 19.62 N
9
E = 200 10 Pa
I=
16
3
4
9 4
= 3.217 10 mm = 3.217 10 m
4 2
L = 0.6 m h = 40 mm = 40 103 m
Using Appendix D, Case 1,
yst =
WL3
3EI
yst =
(19.62)(0.6)3
= 2.196 103 m
(3)(200 109 )(3.217 109 )
2h (2)(40 103 )
=
= 36.44
yst
2.196 103
(b)
Impact factor.
= 1 + 1 + 36.44
Impact factor = 7.12
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.57
A block of weight W is dropped from a height h onto the horizontal
beam AB and hits point D. (a) Denoting by ym the exact value of
the maximum deflection at D and by ym the value obtained by
neglecting the effect of this deflection on the change in potential
energy of the block, show that the absolute value of the relative
error is ( ym ym )/ym , never exceeding ym /2h. (b) Check the result
obtained in part a by solving part a of Prob. 11.52 without taking ym
into account when determining the change in potential energy of the
load, and comparing the answer obtained in this way with the exact
answer to that problem.
PROBLEM 11.52 The 2-kg block D is dropped from the position
shown onto the end of a 16-mm-diameter rod. Knowing that
E = 200 GPa, determine (a) the maximum deflection of end A,
(b) the maximum bending moment in the rod, (c) the maximum
normal stress in the rod.
SOLUTION
U=
1
1
Pm ym = kym2
2
2
where k is the spring constant for a load at point D.

exact: Work = W ( h + ym )
approximate : Work Wh
1 2
kym = W (h + ym ) (1) exact
2
1 2
(2) approximate
kym = Wh
2
where ym is the approximate value for ym .

Subtracting,
1
k ym2 ym2 = Wym
2
ym2 ym2 = ( ym ym )( ym + ym ) =
Relative error:
2W
ym
k
ym ym
2W
=
ym
k ( ym + y m )
without permission.
2W ym2
=
k
h
But
from Eq. (2).
ym ym
ym2
y
=
< m
ym
h ( ym + y m ) 2 h
(a)
Relative error
(b)
From the solution to Problem 11.52,
ym = 15.63 mm
Approximate solution:
W = mg = (2)(9.81) = 19.62 N
E = 200 109 Pa
I=
10
3
4
= = 3.217 10 mm
42
4 2
= 3.217 109 m 4
L = 0.6 m, h = 40 mm
= 40 103 m
k=
3EI (3)(200 109 )(3.217 109 )

=
L3
(0.6)3
= 8.936 103 N/m

ym2 =
2Wh (2)(19.62)(40 103 )

=
k
8.936 103
= 175.65 106 m 2
ym = 13.25 103 m = 13.25 mm
Relative error:
15.63 13.25
15.63
relatives error = 0.152

ym
= 0.166
2h
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.58
Using the method of work and energy, determine the deflection at point D
caused by the load P.
SOLUTION
M A = 0: Pa + RB L = 0
Pa
L
RB =
Over portion DA:
M = Px
U DA =
Over portion AB:
M =
U AB =
Total:
a
0
M2
P2
dx =
2 EI
2 EI
a
0
x 2dx =
P 2 a3
6 EI
Pav
L
L
M2
P2a2
dv =
2 EI
2 EIL2
U = U DA + U AB =
1
P D = U
2
L
0
v 2dv =
Pa 2 L
6 EI
P 2 a 2 (a + L)
6 EI
D =
2U
P
D =
Pa 2 ( a + L)

3EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.59
Using the method of work and energy, determine the deflection at point D
SOLUTION
Pb
Pa
, RB =
L
L
Reactions:
RA =
Over AD:
M = RA x =
Pbx
L
M2
P 2b2
dx =
0 2 EI
2 EIL2
2 2 3
P b a
=
6 EIL2
U AD =
Over DB:
M = RB v =
Total:
U = U AB + U BC =
1
P D = U
2
x 2dx
Pav
L
M2
P2 a2
dv =
0 2 EI
2 EIL2
P 2 a 2 b3
=
6 EIL2
U DB =
D =
b
0
v 2dv
P 2 a 2 b 2 (a + b) P 2a 2b 2
=
6 EIL
6 EIL2
2U
P
D =
Pa 2 b 2

3EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.60
Using the method of work and energy, determine the slope at point D
caused by the couple M 0 .
SOLUTION
RB =
Reaction:
M0
Strain energy:
Over 0 x a:
M = M0
Over 0 v L:
M =
U = U DA + U AB =
=
M 02
dy +
2 EI
1 M0
2 EI L
v dv
1
1 L3 M 2 L
M 02 a + 2 = 0 + a
2 EI
L 3 2 EI 3
1
M D D = U :
2
D =
M 0v
L
M0
EI
1
M2 L
M 0 D = 0 + a
2
2EI 3
3 + a
D =
M0
( L + 3a )
3EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.61
Using the method of work and energy, determine the slope at point D
SOLUTION
M0
RA =
Reactions:
M =
Over portion AD:

U AD =
=
M=
Over portion DB:
U DB =
=
M 02
M2
dx =
0 2 EI
2 EIL2
M 0 a3
1
M 0 D = U
2
M0
M0x
L
x 2 dx
6 EIL2
M 0v
L
M 02
M2
dv =
0 2 EI
2 EIL2
2
M0 b
v 2 dv
6 EIL2
U = U AD + U DB =
Total:
RB =
D =
2U
M0
M 02 (a3 + b3 )
6 EIL2
D =
M 0 ( a 3 + b3 )
3EIL2
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.62
Using the method of work and energy, determine the deflection at point C
SOLUTION
Symmetric beam and loading:
RA = RB =
From A to C ,
1
P
2
1
Px
2
M = RA x =
U AC =
=
a
0
M
dx +
2 EI
P
8EI
a
0
2a
a
x 2 dx +
M2
dx
4 EI
P2
16 EI
2a
a
x 2 dx
P 2 a3
P2
3 P 2 a3
(2a)3 a3 =
+
16 EI
24 EI 48EI
By symmetry,
Total:
U CB = U AB =
3 P 2 a3
16 EI
U = U AB + U BC =
1
P C = U
2
C =
3 P 2 a3
8 EI
2U
P
C =
3Pa3

4 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.63
Using the method of work and energy, determine the deflection at point C
SOLUTION
Bending moment:
M = Pv
Over AB:
M2
P2 L 2
dv =
v dv
L/ 2 4 EI
4 EI L/ 2
3
P 2 3 L 7 P 2 L3
=
L =
12 EI
2 96 EI
U AB =
Over BC:
U BC =
=
Total:
L/2
0
M2
P2
dv =
2 EI
2 EI
L/ 2
0
v 2 dv
1 P 2 L3
48 EI
U = U AB + U BC =
1
P C = 0
2
C =
3 P 2 L3
32 EI
2U
P
C =
3PL3

16 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.64
Using the method of work and energy, determine the slope at point A
SOLUTION
RB =
M0
L
M = RB v =
Over AC:
U AC =
U AC =
Over CB:
M2
dv
L/ 2 2(2 EI )
L
M 02
4 EIL2
L
L/2
v 2 dv
3 L 3
L
12 EIL2
2
7 M 02 L
96 EI
U CB =
U CB =
Total:
M0
v
L
M 02
L/ 2
0
M2
dv
2 EI
M 02
2 EIL2
L/2
0
v 2 dv =
U = U AC + U CB =
1
M 0 A = U
2
A =
1 M 02 L
48 EI
3 M 02 L
32 EI
2U
M0
A =
3M 0 L
16 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.65
Using the method of work and energy, determine the slope at point D caused
by the couple M 0 .
SOLUTION
RA =
Reactions:
M0
,
L
RB =
M0

L
,
2
L
Over 0 < v < ,
2
Over 0 < x <
U = U AD + U BD =
Strain energy:
U=
=
L/2
M0
L
2(2 EI )
M 02 L
dx +
L/2
L/2
2
M AD
dx +
2(2 EI )
M0
L
2 EI
dv =
L/2
M 0x
L
M v
M = 0
L
M =
2
M BD
dv
2 EI
M 0 1 ( L / 2)3 M 0 1 ( L / 2)3
+
EIL 4 3
EIL 2 3
1
1 3
1 M 02 L
+
=
=
EI 96 48 96 EI
32 EI
1
M 0 D = U :
2
M 02 L
1
1 M 02 L
M 0 D =
2
32 EI
D =
1 M 0L
16 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.66
Torques of the same magnitude T are applied to the steel shafts AB
and CD. Using the method of work and energy, determine the length L
of the hollow portion of shaft CD for which the angle of twist C is
equal to 1.25 times the angle of twist at A.
SOLUTION
T is the same for each shaft.
C = 1.25 A
1
T A
2
U AB =
U CD =
and
1
T C
2
Then U CD = 1.25 U AB
Shaft AB:
(1)
LAB = 60 in.
U AB =
U CE =
Shaft portion ED:

U ED =
Shaft CD:
LCE = L,
co = 2 in.,
(c
4
o
ci4 =
c4 =
(2)4 = 25.133 in 4
ci = 1.5 in.
(24 1.54 ) = 17.1806 in 4
T 2 LCE
T 2L
T 2L
=
= 0.058205
2GJ CE
(2G)(17.1806)
2G
LED = 60 L,
J DE = J AB = 25.133 in 4
T 2 LED
T 2 (60 L)
T2
T 2L
=
= 2.3873
0.039789
2GJ ED
2G (25.138)
2G
2G
U CE + U ED = 2.3873
Using Eq. (1), 2.3873
J AB =
T 2 LAB
T 2 (60)
T2
=
= 2.3873
2GJ AB
(2G )(25.133)
2G
Shaft portion CE:

J CE =
c = 2 in.
T2
T 2L
+ 0.018416
2G
2GJ
T2
T 2L
T2
+ 0.018416
= (1.25)(2.3873)
2G
2G
2G
0.018416 L = (0.25)(2.3873)
L = 32.4 in.
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.67
The 20-mm-diameter steel rod BC is attached to the lever AB and to the
fixed support C. The uniform steel lever is 10 mm thick and 30 mm
deep. Using the method of work and energy, determine the deflection of
point A when L = 600 mm. Use E = 200 GPa and G = 77.2 GPa.
SOLUTION
Member AB. (Bending)
I=
1
(10)(30)3 = 22.5 103 mm 4
12
= 22.5 109 m 4
a = 500 mm = 0.500 m
M B = Pa = (450)(0.500) = 225 N m
M = Px
U AB =
=
a
0
M
dx =
2 EI
a
0
P 2 x 2 dx P 2 a 3
=
2 EI
6 EI
(450) (0.500)3
= 0.9375 J
(6)(200 109 )(22.5 109 )
Member BC. (Torsion)

T = M B = 225 N m
J=
c=
1
d = 10 mm
2
c 4 = 15.708 103 mm 4 = 15.708 109 m 4
2
L = 600 mm = 0.600 m
U BC =
Total:
T 2L
(225)2 (0.600)
=
= 12.5242 J
2GJ (2)(77.2 109 )(15.708 109 )
U = U AB + U BC = 0.9375 + 12.5242 = 13.4617 J

1
P A = U
2
A =
2U (2)(13.4617)
=
= 59.8 103 m
P
450
A = 59.8 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.68
The 20-mm-diameter steel rod BC is attached to the lever AB and to the
fixed support C. The uniform steel lever is 10 mm thick and 30 mm
deep. Using the method of work and energy, determine the length L of
the rod BC for which the deflection at point A is 40 mm. Use
E = 200 GPa and G = 77.2 GPa.
SOLUTION
Member AB. (Bending)
I=
1
(10)(30)3 = 22.5 103 mm 4
12
= 22.5 109 m 4
a = 500 mm = 0.500 m
M B = Pa = (450)(0.500) = 225 N m
M = Px
U AB =
=
Member BC. (Torsion)
a
0
M2
dx =
2 EI
a
0
P 2 x 2 dx P 2 a3
=
2 EI
6 EI
(450) 2 (0.500)3
= 0.9375 J
(6)(200 109 )(22.5 109 )
T = M B = 225 N m
c=
J=
U BC =
1
d = 10 mm
2
c 4 = 15.708 103 mm 4 = 15.708 109 m 4
T 2L
(225) 2 L
=
= 20.874 L
2GJ (2)(77.2 109 )(15.708 109 )
1
P A = U AB + U BC
2
1
(450)(40 103 ) = 0.9375 + 20.874 L
2
L = 0.386 m = 386 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.69
Two solid steel shafts are connected by the gears
shown. Using the method of work and energy,
determine the angle through which end D rotates
when T = 820 N m. Use G = 77.2 GPa.
SOLUTION
Shaft CD:
T = 820 N m
J =
c4 =
c=
(0.020) 4 = 251.33 109 m 4
G = 77.2 109 Pa,

U CD =
Equilibrium of shafts :
T 2L
(820) 2 (0.60)
=
= 10.397 J
2GJ
(2)(77.2 109 )(251.33 109 )
rB
100 mm
TCD =
(820 N m) = 1366.67 N m
rC
60 mm
T = 1366.67 N m
J =
c4 =
U AB =
c=
1
d = 25 mm = 0.025 m
2
(0.025) 4 = 613.59 106 m 4
G = 77.2 109 Pa,
L = 0.60 m
TCD
T
= AB
rC
rB
TAB =
Shaft AB:
1
d = 20 mm = 0.020 m
2
L = 0.40 m
T 2L
(1366.67)2 (0.40)
=
= 7.886 J
2GJ
(2)(77.2 109 )(613.59 109 )
U = U CD + U AB = 18.283 J
1
T = U
2
2U
(2)(18.283)
=
= 0.04459 rad
TA
820
= 2.55
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.70
The thin-walled hollow cylindrical member AB has a noncircular
cross section of nonuniform thickness. Using the expression given
in Eq. (3.53) of Sec. 3.13, and the expression for the strain-energy
density given in Eq. (11.19), show that the angle of twist of member
AB is
TL
4 2 G
ds
t
where ds is an element of the center line of the wall cross section

and is the area enclosed by that center line.
SOLUTION
From Eq. (3.53),
T
2t
Strain energy density:

u=
U=
=
Work of torque:
2
2G
L
0
L
0
T2
8Gt 2 2
ut ds dx
T2
8G2
ds
T 2L
dx =
t
8G 2
1
T 2L
= T =
2
8G 2
ds
t
ds
t
TL
4G 2
ds
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.71
Each member of the truss shown has a uniform cross-sectional area A. Using the
method of work and energy, determine the vertical deflection of the point of application
of the load P.
SOLUTION
Reactions:
C =
3
P ,
4
Ax =
3
P ,
4
Ay = P
Members AB and AC are zero force members.

FBD = P
FCD =
3
P
4
Equilibrium of joint A.
Using the force triangle,
2
25 2
3
2
FAD
= P2 + P =
P
16
4
.
5
FAD = P (tension)
4
U =
Strain energy:
Fi 2 Li
2 EA
Fi
Li
Fi 2 Li
AD
5
+ P
4
1.9531P 2
BD
P 2
CD
3
P
4
0.4219P 2
= 3.375P 2
U =
3.375P 2
2 EA
1
Py = U
2 B
Deflection at B.
yB =
2U
P
yB = 3.375
EA
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.72
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has a crosssectional area 400 mm 2. Using E = 200 GPa, determine the
deflection of D caused by the 16-kN load.
SOLUTION
Equilibrium of entire truss.

M A = 0: D = 0
Fx = 0:
Ax = 0
Fy = 0:
Ay = 16 kN
From the force triangle,
FACE
F
16 kN
= AB =
17
15
8
FAB = 30 kN
(compression)
FACE = 34 kN
(tension)
FDE = 30 kN
(comperssion)
By symmetry,
FBCD = 34 kN
(tension)
Equilibrium of joint B.
Fy = 0:
8
FACE FBE = 0
17
8
(34 kN) FBE = 0 FBE = 16 kN
17
without permission.
A = 400 mm 2 = 400 106 m 2
Members:
E = 200 GPa = 200 109 Pa

EA = (200 109 )(400 106 ) = 80 106 N
U =
Strain energy:
Fi 2 Li
1
=
Fi 2 Li
2EA
2 EA
Fi 2 Li
Fi (kN)
Li (m)
AB
30
1.5
1350
DE
30
1.5
1350
ACE
+34
1.7
1965.2
BCD
+34
1.7
1965.2
BE
16
0.8
204.8
= 6835.2 (kN) 2 m
= 6.8352 109 N 2 m
U =
6.8352 109
= 42.72 N m
(2)(80 106 )
Principle of work and energy:

1
P = U
( P = 16 kN = 16 103 N)
2
1
(16 103 ) = 42.72
= 5.34 103 m
2
Deflection of point D.
= 5.34 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.73
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has a crosssectional area of 5 in2. Using E = 29 106 psi, determine the
vertical deflection of point B caused by the 20-kip load.
SOLUTION
RA = RB = 10 kips
LAC = LCD = 6 ft = 72 in.
LBC = 2.5 ft = 30 in.
62 + 2.52 = 6.5 ft = 78 in.
LAB = LBC =
+Fy = 0:
Fx = 0:
2.5
FAB + 10 = 0
6.5
FAB = 26 kips
6
FAB + FAB = 0
6.5
FAC = 24 kips
Equilibrium of joint C. FBC = 0, FCD = 24 kips

FBD = FAB = 26 kips
By symmetry,
U =
Strain energy:
Member
F 2L
1
=
F 2L
2 EA 2 EA
F (kips)
L (in.)
F 2 L (kip 2 in)
AB
26
78
52728
AC
24
72
41472
BC
30
CD
24
72
41472
BD
26
78
52728
188400
U =
188400
= 0.64966 kip in
(2) (29 103 ) (5)
Vertical deflection of point B.

1
P B = U
2
2U
(2)(0.64966)
B =
=
P
20
B = 0.0650 in.
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.74
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel
and has a uniform cross-sectional area of 5 in2.
Using E = 29 106 psi, determine the vertical
deflection of joint C caused by the application of
the 15-kip load.
SOLUTION
Members BD and AE are zero force members.
M A = 0: 2.5 RE (12) (15) = 0
For entire truss,
RE = 72 kips
FED = RE = 72 kips
For equilibrium of joint E,

Joint C:
Fy = 0:
2.5
FCD 15 = 0
6.5
Fx = 0:
6
FCD FBC = 0
6.5
Fx = 0:
Joint D:
FCD = 39 kips
FBC = 36 kips
Fx = 0:
Joint B:
FAB + FBC = 0
6
( FAD + 39) = 0
6.5
= 39 kips
72
FAD
Um =
Strain energy:
Member
FAB = 36 kips
F 2L
1
=
F 2 L
2 EA 2 EA
F (kips)
L (in.)
F 2 L (kip 2 in)
AB
36
72
93312
BC
36
72
93312
CD
39
78
118638
DE
72
72
373248
BD
30
AE
30
AD
39
78
118638
Data:
797148
E = 29 10 ksi A = 5 in
Um =
797148
= 2.7488 kip in
(2) (29 103 ) (5)
1
Pm m = U m
2
m =
2U m (2) (2.7488)
=
Pm
15
m = 0.366 in.
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.75
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel; the cross-sectional
area of member BC is 800 mm 2 and for all other members the crosssectional area is 400 mm2. Using E = 200 GPa, determine the
deflection of point D caused by the 60-kN load.
SOLUTION
M A = 0: 2.4 RD (0.5)(60) = 0
Entire truss:
Fy = 0: 12.5
Joint D:
0.5
FCD = 0
1.3
Fx = 0: 60 FBD
Fy = 0:
FCD = 32.5 kN
1.2
FCD = 0 FBD = 30 kN
1.3
1.2
FAB = 0
1.3
FAB = 32.5 kN
0.5
FAB + FBC = 0
1.3
FBC = 12.5 kN
Fx = 0: 30
Joint B:
1.2
(32.5) = 0
1.3
F 2L
1 F 2L
U =
=
2 EA 2 E
A
Fx = 0: FAC +
Joint C:
Member
RD = 12.5 kN
F (kN)
FAC = 30 kN
L (m)
A (106 m 2 )
F 2 L/A (N 2 /m)
CD
32.5
1.3
400
3.4328 1012
BD
30
1.2
400
2.7 1012
AB
32.5
1.3
400
3.4328 1012
BC
12.5
0.5
800
0.0977 1012
AC
30
1.2
400
2.7 1012
12.3633 1012
E = 200 109 Pa
U=
12.3633 1012
= 30.908 J
(2)(200 109 )
Work-energy:
1
P = U
2
2U (2)(30.908)
=
= 1.030 103 m
P
60 103
= 1.030 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.76
The steel rod BC has a 24-mm diameter and the steel cable ABDCA has a
12-mm diameter. Using E = 200 GPa, determine the deflection of joint D
caused by the 12-kN load.
SOLUTION
FAB = FBD = FDC = FCA
Owing to symmetry,
U AB = U BD = U DC = U CA
U = 4U BD + U BC = 4
2
2
FBD
LBD FBC
LBC
+
2 EABD
2 EABC
Let P be the load at D.

1
P D = U
2
D =
2U
P
=4
Joint B:
Fy = 0:
Joint D:
FBD 2 LBD FBC 2 LBC

+
EABD P
EABC P
Fx = 0:
4
FBC + (2) FBD = 0
5
8
4
FBC = FBD = P
5
3
3
2 FBD P = 0
5
5
FBD = P
6
2
5 PLBD 4 PLBC P 25 LBD 16 LBC

D = 4
+
=
+
6 EABD 3 EABC E 9 ABD 9 ABC
Data:
P = 12 103 N
E = 200 109 Pa
LBD = 600 103 m
ABD =
LBC = 960 103 m
ABC =
D =
12 103
200 109
(12) 2 = 113.097 mm 2 = 113.097 106 m 2

(24) 2 = 452.39 mm 2 = 452.39 106 m 2
600 103
16 960 103
25
3
+

= 1.111 10 m
6
9 452.39 106
9 113.097 10
D = 1.111 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.77
Using the information in Appendix D, compute the work of the loads as
they are applied to the beam (a) if the load P is applied first, (b) if the
couple M is applied first.
SOLUTION
yAP =
PL3
3EI
AP =
yAM =
M 0 L2
2 EI
AM =
PL2
2 EI
(a)
M0L
EI
First P, then M0.

U = A1 + A2 + A3
=
1
1
Py AP + Py AM + M 0 AM
2
2
U=
(b)
P 2 L3 PM 0 L2 M 02 L
+
+
6 EI
2 EI
2 EI
First M0, then P.

U = A4 + A5 + A6
=
1
1
Py AP + M 0 AP + M 0 AM
2
2
U=
P 2 L3 M 0 PL2 M 02 L
+
+
6 EI
2 EI
2 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.78
SOLUTION
Appendix D, Cases 1 and 3,
(a)
P( L/2)3
PL3
=
3EI
24 EI
2
M ( L/2)
M L2
= 0
= 0
2 EI
8 EI
P( L/2) 2 PL2
=
2 EI
8EI
M L
= 0
EI
yBP =
CP =
yBM
BM
First P, then M0.

U = A1 + A2 + A3
=
1
1
PyBP + PyBM + M 0CM
2
2
U=
(b)
P 2 L3 PM 0 L2 M 02 L
+
+
48EI
8EI
2 EI
First M0, then P.

U = A4 + A5 + A6
=
1
1
PyBP + M 0CP + M 0CM
2
2
U=
P 2 L3 M 0 PL2 M 02 L
+
+
48EI
8EI
2 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.79
SOLUTION
yC =
PL3
48EI
B =
PL2
16 EI

yC =
M0
M L2
[( L/2)3 L2 ( L/2)] = 0
6 EIL
16 EI
B =
(a)
M0L
3EI
First P, then M0.

U = A1 + A2 + A3
(b)
1
1
PyCP + PyCM + M 0 BM
2
2
P 2 L3 PM 0 L2 M 02 L
+
96 EI
16 EI
6 EI
First M0, then P.

U = A4 + A5 + A6
=
1
1
PyCP + M 0 BP + M 0 BM
2
2
P 2 L3 M 0 PL2 M 02 L
+
96 EI
16 EI
6 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.80
For the beam and loading shown, (a) compute the work of the loads as they
are applied successively to the beam, using the information provided in
Appendix D, (b) compute the strain energy of the beam by the method of
Sec. 11.4 and show that it is equal to the work obtained in part a.
SOLUTION
(a)
Label the forces PD and PE .

3L
L
P a 2 b 2 PE ( 4 ) ( 4 )
3 PE L3
= E
=
=
3EIL
3EIL
256 EI
PE ( L4 ) 2 L 2 L L 3
Pb
7 PE L3
L =
= E [( L2 b 2 ) x x3 ] =
6 EIL
6 EIL
4 4 4 768 EI
EE
DE
Likewise,
DD =
3 PD L3
256 EI
and ED =
7 PD L3
768 EI
Let PD be applied first.

U = A1 + A2 + A3
1
1
PD DD + PD DE + PE EE
2
2
2 3
3 PD L
7 PD PE L3
3 PE2 L3
=
+
+
512 EI
768 EI
512 EI
U=
with
PD = PE = P
U=
1 P 2 L3
48 EI
U=
P 2 L3
48EI
without permission.
(b)
RA = RB = P
Reactions:
Over portion AD:
U AD =
L/ 4
0
Over portion DE:

Over portion EB:
Total:
0 < x < 4 : M = Px
M2
P2
dx =
2 EI
2 EI
PL
M=
4
L/ 4
0
x 2 dx =
U DE =
P2 1 L
1 P 2 L3
=
2 EI 3 4
384 EI
M 2 ( L2 )
2 EI
By symmetry, U EB = U AD =
P 2 L2 1 L P 2 L3
=
2 EI 16 2 64 EI
1 P 2 L3
384 EI
1
1 P 2 L3
1
U = U AB + U DE + U EB =
+
+
384 64 384 EI
U=
1 P 2 L3
48 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.81
For the beam and loading shown, (a) compute the work of the loads as they
are applied successively to the beam, using the information provided in
Appendix D, (b) compute the strain energy of the beam by the method of
Sec. 11.4 and show that it is equal to the work obtained in part a.
SOLUTION
(a)
Label the forces PB and PC .

BB =
PB ( L/2)3
1 PB L3
=
3EI
24 EI
1 PB L3 L PB ( L/2) 2
+
24 3EI 2 2 EI
1 P L3
5 PB L3
1
=
+ B =
48 EI
24 16 EI
L
2
CB = BB + B =
CC =
1 PC L3
3 EI
BC =
2
3
PC
P L L 5 PC L3
(3Lx 2 x3 ) = C 3L =
6 EI
6 EI 2 2 48 EI
Apply PB first, then PC .

U = A1+ A2 + A3
U =
=
with
PB = PC = P,
1
1
PB BB + PB BC + PC CC
2
2
1 PB L3
5 PB PC L3
1 PC2 L3
+
+
48 EI
48 EI
6 EI
5 1 P 2 L3
1
U =
+
+
48 48 6 EI
U=
7 P 2 L3
24 EI
without permission.
(b)
Over AB:
L
L
M = Pv + P v = P 2v
2
2
U AB =
Over BC:
M2
P2
dv =
L/2 2 EI
2 EI
L
1
2
4v 2 Lv + L2 dv
L/2
4
2
P2
2 EI
3
2
4
L
1 2 L 1 2
L
3
L 2L L + L L
3
2
2
2
2 4

P2
2 EI
2 3
7 3 3 3 1 3 13 P L
L
L
L
+
=
4
8 48 EI
6
M = Pv
U BC =
L/2
0
M2
P2
dv =
2 EI
2 EI
L/2
0
P2 1 L

v dv =
2 EI 3 2
=
Total:
2 3
13 1 P L
+
U = U AB + U BC =
48 48 EI
P 2 L3
48EI
U=
7 P 2 L3
24 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.82
For the beam and loading shown, (a) compute the work of the loads as
they are applied successively to the beam, using the information
provided in Appendix D, (b) compute the strain energy of the beam by
the method of Sec.11.4 and show that it is equal to the work obtained in
part a.
SOLUTION
(a)
Label the applied couples M A and M B . Apply M A at point A

first. Note that M B = 0 during this phase.
From Appendix D,
AA =
U1 =
M AL
EI
1
M 2 AL
M B AA =
2
2EI
Now apply M B at point B. Note that M A remains constant

during this second phase.
From Appendix D,
BB =
M B ( L/2)
M L
= B
2 EI
EI
Since the curvature of portion AB does not change as M B is

applied,
AB = BB =
U2 =
=
M BL
2EI
1
M B BB + M A AB
2
M B2 L M AM B
+
4 EI
2EI

U = U1 + U 2 =
Set
M A2 L M B 2 L M AM B L
+
+
2EI
4EI
2EI
M A = M B = M 0.
U =
5M 0 2 L
4EI
without permission.
(b)

L
Over portion AB: 0 < x <

2
M = M 0
U AB =
L /2
M 02
M 2L
dx = 0
2 EI
4 EI
Over portion BC: < x < L

2
M = 2M 0
U BC =
M 2L
(2M 0 )2
dx = 0
L/ 2 2 EI
EI
U = U AB + U BC
U =
5M 0 2 L
4EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.83
For the prismatic beam shown, determine the deflection of point D.
SOLUTION
Add force Q at point D.
M2
dx
0 2 EI
L M M
U
1
dx =
=
D =
0 EI Q
EI
Q
U=
L
0
M
dx
Q
M
=0
Q
Over portion AD:
0 < x < 2
M = Px,
Over portion DB:
2 < x < L
L M
L
= x
M = Px Q x ,
2
2
Q
Set Q = 0.
D =
1
EI
P
EI
P
EI
3
2
1 3 1 L L 1 2 L 1 L
L L +
3 2 2 2
2 2 2
3
L/2
0
( Px)(0)dx +
1
EI

L
( Px) x dx
L/2
2

L
2 L
x x dx
2
L/2
3
1 1 1 1 PL
=
+
3 24 4 16 EI
D =
5 PL3

48EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.84
For the prismatic beam shown, determine the deflection of point D.
SOLUTION
M2
dx
0 2 EI
U
1
=
D =
Q EI
U=
L
0
0 < x < 2
1
M = wx 2
2
Over portion DB:
2 < x < L
1
L
M = wx 2 Q x
2
2
Set Q = 0.
D =
=
w
2 EI
w
=
2 EI
=
L/2
1 2
1
2 wx (0) dx + EI
M
dx
Q
M
=0
Q
Over portion AD:
1
EI
M
L
= x
2
Q
L
1 2
2 wx x 2 dx

L/2
3 L 2
x x dx
L/2
2
L
1 4 1 L 4 L 1 3 L 1 L 3
L L +
4 2 2 3
2 3 2
4
1 1 1 1 1 wL4 17 wL4
+
=

2 4 64 6 48 EI
384 EI
D = 0.0443
wL4

EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.85
For the prismatic beam shown, determine the slope at point D.
SOLUTION
Add couple M 0 at point D.
U=
L
0
D =
M2
dx
2 EI
U
=
M0
0 < x < 2
M = Px
Over portion DB:
2 < x < L
M = Px M 0
Set M 0 = 0.
D =
P
=
EI
L/2
P
xdx =
L/2
EI
( Px)(0)dx +
2
1 1 PL
=
2 8 EI
L
0
M M
1
dx =
EI M 0
EI
L
0
M
dx
M0
M
=0
M0
Over portion AD:
1
EI
1
EI
L
L/2
M
= 1
M0
( Px)(1)dx
1 2 1 L 2
L
2 2
2
D =
3PL2
8EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.86
SOLUTION
L
M2
dx
2 EI
U=
D =
U
=
M0
L
0
M M
1
dx =
EI M 0
EI
L
0
M
dx
M0
M
=0
M0
Over portion AD:
0 < x < 2
1
M = wx 2
2
Over portion DB:
2 < x < L
1
M = wx 2 M 0
2
Set M 0 = 0.
D =
M
= 1
M0
1 L 1 2
1 2
wx (0)dx +
wx (1)dx
L/2 2
EI L/2 2
w L 2
w 1 3 1 L
=
x dx =
L
2 EI L/2
2 EI 3
3 2
1
EI
1 1 wL3
1
6 8 EI
D =
7 wL3
48 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.87
For the prismatic beam shown, determine the deflection at point D.
SOLUTION
Reactions:
1
1
RA = wL Q
8
2
5
1
RE = wL Q
8
2
U = U AD + UDE + U EB ; D =
L/2
M2
dx ,
2 EI
Over portion AD:
U AD =
0 x 2
1
1
M = RA x = wLx Qx,
8
2
1
M
= x
2
Q
Set Q = 0.
U
Q
1
M = wLx
8
U AD
=
Q
L/2
0
M M
dx =
EI Q
L/2
0
wLx 1
wL
x dx =
EI
EI
8
2
16
Over portion DE:

L
0 v 2
UDE =
L/2
0
L/2
0
x 2 dx
wL4
384 EI
M2
dv
2 EI
M = RE v
wL
L 1
1
v + = wL(v L) Qv
2
4 8
2
M
1
= v
Q
2
without permission.
Set Q = 0.
M =
U
=
Q
=
Over portion EB:

L
0 u 2
wL
( L v)
8
L/2
0
L/2
0
D =
L/2
0
( L v)vdv =
wL
16 EI
Lv 2 v3

3
2
L/2
0
wL4 1 1
wL4
16 EI 8 24 192 EI
1
M = wu 2
2
UEB
=
Q
M M
wL
dv =
16 EI
EI Q
M
=0
Q
UEB =
L/2
0
M2
du
2 EI
M M
du = 0
EI Q
UAD UDE UEB

wL4
wL4
+
+
=
+
+0
384 EI 192 EI
Q
Q
Q
D =
wL4

128EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.88
For the prismatic beam shown, determine the deflection at point D.
SOLUTION
Change force at D from P to Q.
1
(Q P) ,
2
Reactions:
RA =
Strain energy:
RE =
1
(3P + Q)
2
Deflection of point D (formula).
D =
Portion AD:
U
U AD U DE U EB
=
+
+
Q
Q
Q
Q
U AD =
L/2
0
M = RA x =
M2
dx
2 EI
1
(Q P) x
2
M 1
= x
With Q = P, M = 0.
Q 2
L/2 M M
U AD
=
dx = 0
0
Q
EI Q
Portion DE:
U DE =
M2
dx
L/ 2 2 EI
L 1
L 1
1
M = RA x Q x = (Q P) x Q x = Q( L x) Px
2 2
2 2
2
1
M
= ( L x)
2
Q
With
Q = P,
1
M = P(2 x L).
2
without permission.
U DE
=
Q
M M
P L
dx =
(2 x L)( L x) dx
L / 2 EI Q
4 EI L / 2
P L
=
(3Lx 2 x 2 L2 )dx
4 EI L / 2
P 3 2 2 3
2
=
Lx x L x
4 EI 2
3
L/2
=
Portion EB:
PL3 3 2
PL3
3 1 2 1 1
1 + + =
4 EI 2 3
96 EI
2 4 3 8 2
U EB =
M = Pv
Deflection of point D.
L/2
M2
dv
2 EI
U EB
M
=0
=
Q
Q
D = 0
L/ 2
PL3
+0
96EI
M M
dv = 0
EI Q
D =
PL3

96EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.89
SOLUTION
Reactions:
RA =
M 0 wL
,
8
L
RE =
U = UAD + UDE + UEB ;
Over portion AD:
U AD =
L/2
0
M2
dx,
2 EI
Set M 0 = 0.
M =
UAD
=
M0
M 0 5wL
+
8
L
U
D =
M0
M = RA x =
wLx
8
L/2
0
M M
dx =
EI M 0
L/2
UDE =
L/2
0
L/2
0
x 2 dx =
wL3
192 EI
M v wL
wL
L
v+ = 0 +
(v L)
2
4
L
8
M
v
=
M0
L
1
M = wL( L v)
8
UDE
w
=
M 0 8 EI
Over portion EB:
w
8 EI
M2
dv
2EI
M = RE v
Set M 0 = 0.
wLx x
dx
8 EI L
Over portion DE:
M
x
=
M0 L
M 0 x wLx
8
L
UEB =
UEB
=
M0
D =
L/2
0
L/2
0
L/2
0
w
( L v)vdv =
8EI
L/2
Lv 2 v3
wL3
2
3
96 EI
M2
1
dv M = wu2
2 EI
2
M
=0
M0
M M
dv = 0
EI M 0
UAD UDE UEB

wL3
wL3
+
+
=
+
+0
M0
M0
M0
192 EI 96 EI
D =
wL3
192 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.90
SOLUTION
Add counterclockwise couple M 0 at point D.
Reactions:
M E = 0: AL + P
L
L
P + M0 = 0
2
2
M0
A=
L
L
M A = 0: EL P L + P + M 0 = 0
2
2
M
E = 2P 0
L
Strain energy:
Slope at point D (formula).
D =
U
U AD U DE U EB
=
+
+
M 0
M 0
M 0
M 0
L
0 x 2
Portion AD:
UAD =
M=
L/2
0
M2
dx
2 EI
x
M
=
M 0 L
M0
x
L
Set M 0 = 0 so that M = 0.
U AD
1
=
M 0
EI
Portion DE:
2 x L
U DE =
L/2
M
dx = 0
M 0
M2
dx
L/ 2 2 EI
L
L
M = Ax P x M 0 = M 0 1 P x
2
2
without permission.
M
x
= 1;
M 0
L
U DE
1
=
M 0
EI
L/2
Set M 0 = 0 so that M = P x .
2
M
P
dx =
M 0
EI
L
x
x 1 dx
L/2
2
L
3
x2 L
dx
x
L/2 2
L 2
L
L
P 3 x 2
x3
Lx
=
EI 2 2 L/2 3L L/ 2 2
P
EI
L/2
PL2 3 3 1 1 1 1 PL3
+ =
+
EI 4 16 3 24 2 4 48 EI
L
0 v 2
Portion EB:
M = Pv
Slope at point D.
M
=0
M 0
D = 0 +
U EB =
U EB
1
=
M 0
EI
L/2
L/2
M2
dx
2 EI
M
dv = 0
M 0
PL2
+0
48 EI
D =
PL2
48 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.91
For the beam and loading shown, determine the slope at end A. Use
E = 200 GPa.
SOLUTION
Add couple M A at point A.
Units:
Forces in kN; lengths in m.
E = 200 109 Pa, I = 163 106 mm 4 = 163 106 m 4

EI = (200 109 )(163 106 ) = 32.6 106 N m 2 = 32600 kN m 2
Reactions:
RA = 80
MA
4.8
RB = 80 +
2.4
U = UAB + UBC = 0
Over AB:
Set M A = 0.
Over BC:
Set M A = 0.
2
M2
2.4 M
dx + 0
dv
2EI
2 EI
M = M A + RA x = M A + 80 x
U AB
1
=
M A EI
2.4
0
MA
4.8
MA
x
4.8
A =
U
UAB
UBC
=
+
M A
M A
M A
M
x
= 1
4.8
M A
x
1
(80 x) 1
dx =
EI
4.8
2.4
0
(80 x 16.6667 x 2 )dx
1
1
1
2
3 153.6
(80) (2.4) (16.6667) (2.4) =
EI
EI
2
3
M = RB v = 80v +
MA
v,
4.8
U BC
1
=
M A
EI
=
A =
2.4
0
1
M
=
v
4.8
M A
16.6667
1
(80v)
v dv =
4.8
EI
2.4
0
v 2 dv
(16.6667)(2.4)3 76.8
=
3EI
EI
1
230.4
{153.6 + 76.8} =
EI
32600
A = 7. 07 103 rad
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.92
For the beam and loading shown, determine the slope at
end C. Use E = 29 106 psi.
SOLUTION
Units:
Forces in kips; lengths in ft.
E = 29 103 ksi
I = 291 in 4
EI = (29 103 )(291) = 8.439 106 kip in 2 = 58.604 103 kip ft 2
Add clockwise couple M 0 at end C.

U=
Strain energy:
M2
1
dx =
M 2 dx
2 EI
2 EI
C =
Slope at C (formula).
U
1
M
=
M
dx
M 0 EI
M 0

Portion BC: (0 x 2 ft)
M = 4 x M 0
M
= 1;
M 0
Set M 0 = 0.
M
M
dx =
M 0
4
(4 x)(1)dx = x 2 = 8 kip ft 2
2 0
Portion AB: (2 ft x 8ft)

M = 8( x 2) 4 x M 0
M
= 1;
M 0
M
dx =
M 0
Set M 0 = 0.
8
[8( x 2 4 x](1)dx
2
Slope at end C.
C =
8
4
( x 2) 2 + x 2 = (4)(6)2 + (2)(64 4) = 264 kip ft 2
2
2 2
2
(calculated)
8 + 264
272
=
EI
58.604 103
C = 4.64 103 rad
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.93
For the beam and loading shown, determine the deflection at
end C. Use E = 29 106 psi.
SOLUTION
Units:
E = 29 103 ksi I = 291 in 4

EI = (29 103 )(291) = 8.439 106 kip in 2 = 58.604 103 kip ft 2
Let Q be the force at end C. It is later set equal to 4 kips.

U=
Strain energy:
M2
1
dx =
M 2 dx
2 EI
2 EI
Deflection at C (formula).
C =
U
1
M
=
M
dx
Q EI
Q

Portion BC: (0 x 2 ft)
M = Qx
M
= x
Set Q = 4 kips.
Q
2
2
M
M
dx = (4 x)( x)dx
0
0
M o
4 3
x = 10.67 kip ft 3
3 0
Portion AB: (2 ft x 8 ft)

M = 8( x 2) Qx
M
= x
M 0
Set
Q = 4 kips.
without permission.
M
dx =
Q
[8( x 2) 4 x]( x)dx

2
=8
( x 2 2 x)dx + 4
x 2 dx
x3 8
2 8
3 8
x
x
= 8
16
+4
2 2
3 2
3 2
4096 64 1024 64 2048 32

=
+
+
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
= 1536 kip ft
Deflection at C.
C =
(calculated)
1536 + 10.67
1546.67
=
= 0.0264 ft
EI
58.604 103
C = 0.317 in.
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.94
point D. Use E = 200 GPa.
SOLUTION
Units:
Forces in kN, lengths in m.

E = 200 109 Pa = 200 106 kN/m 2
I = 51.2 106 mm 4 = 51.2 106 m 4
EI = (200 106 )(51.2 106 ) = 10240 kN m 2
Let Q be the force applied at D. It will be set equal to 90 kN later.

Reactions:
M B = 0: 3.2 A + 2.6Q + (0.6)(90) = 0
A = 16.875 + 0.8125Q
M A = 0: 3.2 B 0.6 Q (2.6)(90) = 0
B = 73.125 + 0.1875Q
Strain energy:
U=
1
2 EI
3.2
M 2 dx
Deflection at point D. (formula)
D =
U
1
=
Q EI
3.2
M
dx
Q
Over portion AD: (0 x 0.6 m)

M = (16.875 + 0.8125 Q ) x
M
= 0.8125 x;
Set Q = 90 kN.
Q
M = 90 x
0.6
M
M
=
Q
0.6
x3
(90 x)(0.8125 x) = 73.125
3
0.6
= 5.265kN m3
0
without permission.

Over portion DE: (0.6 m x 2.6 m)
M = (16.875 + 0.8125 Q ) x Q( x 0.6)
= 16.875 x 0.1875Qx + 0.6Q
M
Set Q = 90 kN.
= 0.1875 x + 0.6;
Q
M = (0.6)(90) = 54 kN m
2.6
2.6
M
M
dx =
(54)(0.1875 x + 0.6)dx
0.6
0.6
Q
x2
= 10.125
2
2.6
2.6
+ 32.4 x 0.6 = 32.4 kN m3

0.6
Over portion ED: (2.6 m x 3.2 m; 0 v 0.6 m)

M = Bv = (73.125 + 0.1875 Q )v
M
= 0.1875 v Set Q = 90 kN.
Q
M = 90 v
3.2
0.6
0.6
M
M
M
dx =
M
dv =
(90v)(0.1875 v)dv
2.6
0
0
Q
Q
v3
= 16.875
3
0.6
= 1.215 kN m3
0
Deflection at point D. (calculated)
D =
5.265 + 32.4 + 1.215 38.88

=
= 3.797 103 m
10240
EI
D = 3.80 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.95
point B. Use E = 200 GPa.
SOLUTION
L M2
M2
dx +
dx
a 2 EI
0 2 EI
U
B =
P
a M M
L M M
dx +
dx
=
a EI P
0 EI P
U=
Portion AB:
(0 x a)
M
=0
P
1
M = wx 2
2
Portion BC:
a
0
M M
dx = 0
EI P
( a < x L)
1
M = wx 2 P( x a)
2
M
= ( x a)
P
L
a
M M
w
dx =
EI P
2 EI
w
2 EI
L
a
L
a
x 2 ( x a)dx +
P
EI
( x3 ax 2 )dx +
P
EI
L
a
( x a) 2 dx
b
v 2 dv
L4 aL3 a 4 a 4 Pb3
+

+
3
4
3 3EI
4
w L4 aL3 a 4 Pb3
B = 0 +
+

+
2 EI 4
3
12 3EI
=
w
2 EI
without permission.
Data:
a = 0.6 m, b = 0.9 m, L = a + b = 1.5 m

w = 5 103 N/m
P = 4 103 N
1
I = (40)(80)3 = 1.70667 106 mm 4
12
= 1.70667 106 m 4
EI = (200 109 )(1.70667 106 ) = 341333 N m 2
B = 0 +
5 103 (1.5)4 (0.6)(1.5)3 (0.6)3 (4 103 )(0.9)3
+
(2)(341333) 4
3
12
(3)(341333)
= 7.25 103 m
B = 7.25 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.96
point B. Use E = 200 GPa.
SOLUTION
Add force Q at point B.
Units:
Forces in kN; lengths in m.
M
=0
Q
Over AB:
M = 8 x
Over BC:
1
M = 8(v + 1) (18)v 2 Qv
2
M
= v
Q
E = 200 109 Pa, I = 28.7 106 mm 4 = 28.7 106 m 4

EI = (200 109 )(28.7 106 ) = 5.74 106 N m 2 = 5740 kN m 2
M2
dx +
0 2EI
1
U=
B =
1
U
=
Q EI
1.5
0
1
0
M2
dv
2 EI
M
dx +
Q
1.5
0
M
dv
Q
1.5
1 1.5 3
1
1
(9v + 8v 2 + 8v)dv
8(v + 1) (18)v 2 (v)dv =
0 +
0
0
EI
EI
2
1 9
8
8
29.391
29.391
4
3
2
=
=
= 5.12 103 m
(1.5) + (1.5) + (1.5) =
EI 4
EI
3
2
5740
B = 5.12 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.97
For the beam and loading shown, determine the deflection at point C.
Use E = 29 106 psi.
SOLUTION
Units:
E = 29 103 ksi
I = 57.5 in 4
EI = (29 103 )(57.5) = 1.6675 106 kip in 2 = 11580 kip ft 2
Add force Q at point C.

1
1
RA = 4 + Q , RD = 12 Q
2
2
Reactions:
U = UAC + UCD + UDB
1
1
M = RB v 8(v + 3) = 12v Q 8v 24 = 4v 24 Qv
2
2
M
1
= v
Set Q = 0.
Q
2
Over CD: (0 < v < 3)
U UAC UCD UDB

=
+
+
Q
Q
Q
Q
1
M
1
M = 4 + Q x
Set Q = 0.
= x
Q
2
2
UAC
1 3
2 3 2
(2)(3)3 18
1
(4 x) x dx =
=
=
x dx =
3EI
EI 0
EI 0
EI
Q
2
Over AC: (0 < x < 3)
UCD
1
=
EI
Q
C =
1
1
(24 4v) v dv =
0
EI
2
3
Over DB: (0 < u < 3)
M = 8u
C =
3
0
(12v 2v 2 )dv =
1
EI
(3) 2
(3)3
(2)
(12)
2
3
36
EI
M
=0
Q
U DB
=0
Q
18 36
54
+
+0=
= 4.663 103 ft
11580
EI EI
C = 0.0560 in.
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.98
For the beam and loading shown, determine the slope at end A. Use
E = 200 GPa.
SOLUTION
Units:

E = 29 103 ksi
I = 57.5 in 4
EI = (29 103 )(57.5) = 1.6675 106 kip in 2 = 11580 kip ft 2
Add couple M A at end A.

Reactions:
RA = 4 +
MA
M
, RB = 12 A
6
6
A =
U = UAD + UDB
Over AD: (0 < x < 6)
M = M A + RA x = M A 4 x +
M
x
= 1
M A
6
UA D
1
=
M A EI
M = 8u
x
1
(4 x) 1 dx =
0
EI
6
6
A =
M
=0
MA
24
24
+0=
=0
11580
EI
MA
x
6
Set M A = 0.
Over DB: (0 < u < 3)
UAD UDB
U
=
+
MA MA MA
2
1 62 2 63
4 x x 2 dx =
(4)
0
EI
3
2 3 3
6
24
EI
U DB
=0
MA
A = 2.07 103 rad
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.99
For the truss and loading show, determine the horizontal and vertical
deflection of joint C.
SOLUTION
Add horizontal force Q at point C.
From geometry, LBC = LCD =
5
l
2
Fx = 0:
Fy = 0:
2
5
FBC +
FBC +
2
5
FCD + Q = 0
FCD P = 0
5
5
Solving simultaneously,
5
5
5
5
FBC =
P+
Q FCD =
P
Q
2
4
2
4
Fx = 0: FBD +
5
5
+
P
Q = 0
4
5 2
Q
2
Fi 2 Li
U =
2 EAi
FBD = P +
Strain energy:
Deflections.
Horizontal:
xC =
U 1 Fi Li Fi
=
Q E
Ai Q
Vertical:
yC =
U 1 Fi Li Fi
=
P E
Ai P
without permission.

In the table, Q is set equal to zero in the last two columns.
BC
CD
BD
Fi
Li
Ai
Fi /P
Fi /Q
Fi Li Fi
Ai P
Fi Li Fi
Ai Q
5
5
P+
Q
2
4
5
l
2
5
2
5
4
5
Pl
5
8
A
5
Pl
5
16
A
5
5
P
Q
2
4
1
P + Q
2
5
l
2
5
2
5
Pl
5
8
A
5
Pl
5
16
A
2l
2A
5
4
1
+
2
4
xC =
1 Fi Li Fi
Pl
=
2 EA
E
Ai Q
yC =
1 Fi Li Fi 5
Pl
5 + 1
=
E
Ai P 4
EA
Pl
A
Pl
5 + 1
A
1 Pl
2 A
1 Pl
2 A
xC =
Pl

2 EA
yC = 3.80
Pl
EA
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.100
For the truss and loading shown, determine the horizontal and vertical deflection of
joint C.
SOLUTION
Add horizontal force Q at point C.
From geometry,
LBC = LCD =
2
( FBC + FCD ) Q = 0
Fx = 0:
5
Fy = 0:
1
( FBC FCD ) P = 0
5
FBC =
U =
Strain energy:
Deflections.
5
5
P+
Q
2
4
FCD =
5
5
P+
Q
2
4
Fi 2 Li
2 EAi
Horizontal:
xC =
U
1 F L F
= i i i
Q
E
Ai Q
Vertical:
yC =
U
1 F L F
= i i i
P
E
Ai P
without permission.

In the table, Q is set equal to zero in the last two columns.
BC
CD
Fi
Li
Ai
Fi / P
Fi / Q
Fi Li Fi
A P
Fi Li Fi
A Q
5
5
P+
Q
2
4
5
2
5
4
5
P
5
A
8
5
P
5
A
16
5
4
5
P
5
A
8
5
P
5
A
4
5
5
P+
Q
2
4
5
2
xC =
1 Fi Li Fi
=0
E
A Q
yC =
1 Fi Li Fi
5
P
5
=
E
Ai P
EA
4
5
P
5
A
16
0
xC = 0
yC = 2.80
EA
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.101
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has a cross-sectional
area of 500 mm 2 . Using E = 200 GPa, determine the vertical deflection of
joint B.
SOLUTION
Find the length of each member as shown.
Add vertical force Q at joint B.
B =
Joint C:
F 2L
1
F
=
=
F
L
Q Q 2 EA EA
Q
Fy = 0:
4
FCB 4.8 = 0 FCB = 6.0 kN
5
Joint B:
3
FCB + FCD = 0 FCD = 3.6 kN
5
4
4
Fx = 0:
FAB + FBD 3.6 = 0
5
5
3
3
Fy = 0:
FAB FBD 4.8 Q = 0
5
5
FAB = 6.25 + 0.8333 Q
Fx = 0:
kN
FBD = 1.75 0.8333 Q kN
Joint D:
Fy = 0:
3
FBD + FAD = 0
5
3
FAD = FBD = 1.05 + 0.5 Q
5
without permission.
Member
F (103 N)
AB
6.25 + 0.8333Q
AD
1.05 + 0.5Q
BD
1.75 0.8333Q
F/ Q
0.8333
0.5
L (m)
with Q = 0
F ( F/ Q ) L (103 N m)
2.0
10.4167
2.4
1.26
0.8333
2.0
2.9167
BC
6.0
1.5
CD
3.6
2.5
14.593
1
F ( F/ Q) L
EA
14.593 103
=
(200 109 )(500 106 )
B =
= 145.9 106 m
B = 0.1459 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.102
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has a cross-sectional
area of 500 mm 2 . Using E = 200 GPa, determine the horizontal deflection
of joint B.
SOLUTION
Find the length of each member as shown.
Add horizontal force Q at joint B.
B =
Joint C:
Joint B:
F 2L
1
F
=
=
F
L
Q Q 2 EA EA
Q
Fy = 0:
4
FCB 4.8 = 0
5
FCB = 6.0 kN
3
FCB + FCD = 0
FCD = 3.6 kN
5
4
4
Fx = 0:
FAB + FBD 3.6 Q = 0
5
5
3
3
Fy = 0:
FAB FBD 4.8 = 0
5
5
Fx = 0:
FAB = 6.25 + 0.625Q kN

FBD = 1.75 + 0.625Q kN
Joint D:
Fy = 0:
3
FBD + FAD = 0
5
3
FAD = FBD = 1.05 0.375Q
5
without permission.
Member
F (103 N)
AB
6.25 + 0.625Q
AD
1.05 + 0.375Q
BD
1.75 + 0.625Q
L (m)
F ( F/ Q ) L
(103 N m)
2.0
7.8125
0.375
2.4
0.9450
0.625
2.0
2.1875
F/ Q
0.625
BC
6.0
1.5
CD
3.6
2.5
4.680
1
F ( F/ Q) L
EA
4.680 103
=
(200 109 )(500 106 )
B =
= 46.8 106 m
B = 0.0468 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.103
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has the crosssectional area shown. Using E = 29 106 psi, determine the vertical
SOLUTION
Call the vertical load P. The vertical deflection of joint C is P .
P =
U F 2L 1 FL F
=
=
P P 2 EA E A P
AC = 92 + 3.752 = 9.75 ft = 117 in.
Geometry:
BC = 52 + 3.752 = 6.25 ft = 75 in.

4 ft = 48 in., 5 ft = 60 in., 3.75 ft = 45 in.
Joint C:
Fx = 0:
108
60
FAC
FBC = 0
117
75
Fy = 0:
45
45
FAC
FBC P = 0
117
75
FAC = 3.25P, FBC = 3.75 P
Joint B:
Fx = 0: FAB
60
FAC = 0
75
FAB = 3.00 P
Member
F/ P
L (in.)
A (in 2 )
F ( F/ P) L/A
AB
3.00P
3.00
48
108.00P
AC
3.25P
3.25
117
617.91P
BC
3.75P
3.75
75
175.78P
901.69P
P =
901.69 P (901.69)(7.5 103 )

=
E
29 106
P = 0.233 in.
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.104
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has the crosssectional area shown. Using E = 29 106 psi, determine the horizontal
SOLUTION
Call the vertical load P. Add horizontal load Q at joint C.
The horizontal deflection of joint C is Q .
Q =
Geometry:
F 2L 1 FL F
=
=
Q Q 2 EA E A Q
AC = 92 + 3.752 = 9.75 ft = 117 in.

BC = 52 + 3.752 = 6.25 ft = 75 in.
4 ft = 48 in. 5 ft = 60 in. 3.75 ft = 45 in.
Joint C:
Fx = 0:
108
60
FAC
FBC + Q = 0
117
75
Fy = 0:
45
45
FAC
FBC P = 0
117
75
FAC = 3.25P + 2.4375Q
FBC = 3.75 P 1.5625Q

Fx = 0:
Joint B:
FAB =
4
FAC FAB = 0
5
4
FBC = 3.00 P 1.25Q
5
Q=0
F ( F/ Q ) L/A
L (in.)
A (in 2 )
1.25
48
45.00P
3.25 P + 2.4375Q
2.4375
117
463.43P
3.75P 1.5625Q
1.5625
75
73.24P
Member
AB
3.00 P 1.25Q
AC
BC
F/ Q
581.67P
Q =
581.67 P (581.67)(7.5 103 )

=
E
29 106
Q = 0.1504 in.
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.105
Two rods AB and BC of the same flexural rigidity EI are welded together at B. For
the loading shown, determine (a) the deflection of point C, (b) the slope of
member BC at point C.
SOLUTION
Add horizontal force Q and couple M C at C.
M A = 0: RC l + M C ( P + Q )l = 0
MC
l
RC = P + Q +
Fx = 0: P + Q + RAx = 0
M = RAx y = ( P + Q ) y,
Member AB:
U AB =
RAx = P + Q
M
= y,
Q
M
=0
MC
M2
dy
0 2EI
l
Set Q = 0 and M C = 0.
UAB
1
=
Q
EI
UAB
1
=
M C EI
Member BC:
M
1
dy =
0
Q
EI
l
M
M
dx = 0
0
MA
l
( Py )( y )dy =
1 Pl 3
3 EI
M = M C + RC x = M C + P + Q + C x
l
M
M
x
= x,
=1
Q
MC
l
UBC =
M2
dx
0 2 EI
l
UBC
1
=
Q
EI
U
1
=
M A EI
M
1 l
1 Pl 3
dx =
( Px) x dx =
0
Q
EI 0
3 EI
l
l
M
1
x
( Px) 1 dx
M
dx =
0
MA
EI 0
l
=
=
P
EI
x2
x
0
l
dx
P 1 2 1 2 1 Pl 2
l l =
3 6 EI
EI 2
without permission.
(a)
Deflection at C.
C =
UAB UBC
+
Q
Q
2 Pl 3

3EI
(b)
Slope at C.
C =
UAB UBC
+
MA
MC
Pl 2
6 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.106
A uniform rod of flexural rigidity EI is bent and loaded as shown. Determine
(a) the horizontal deflection of point D, (b) the slope at point D.
SOLUTION
Add couple M D at point D.
Reactions at A:
Member AB:
RAy = 0,
RAx = P ,
M A = M0
M
= y,
P
M = M A + RA y = M D + Py
U AB =
M
=1
MD
M2
dy
0 2 EI
l
Set M D = 0.
UAB
1
=
P
EI
UAB
1
=
M 0 EI
Member BC:
l
0
l
0
M
1
dy =
P
EI
M
1
dy =
M0
EI
( Py ) y dy =
l
0
M = M A + RAl = MD + Pl
UBC =
Pl 3
3 EI
( Py )(1) dy =
Pl 2
2 EI
M
= l,
P
M
=1
MD
M2
dx
0 2 EI
l
Set M D = 0.
UBC
1
=
P
EI
UBC
1
=
MD EI
l
0
l
0
M
1
dx =
P
EI
M
1
dx =
MD
EI
l
0
( Pl )(l ) dx =
l
0
Pl 3
EI
( Pl )(1) dx =
Pl 2
EI
without permission.
Member CD:
M
=y
P
M = M D + Py
UCD =
M
=1
MD
M2
dy
0 2 EI
l
Set M D = 0.
UCD
1
=
P
EI
U CD
1
=
M D EI
(a)
(b)
l
0
l
0
M
1
dy =
P
EI
M
1
dy =
MD
EI
l
0
( Py )( y ) dy =
l
0
Pl 3
3EI
( Py )(1) dy =
Pl 2
2 EI
Horizontal deflection of point D.
P =
UAB UBC UCD 1

1 Pl 3
+
+
= +1+
3 EI
P
P
P
3
D =
UAB UBC UCD 1

1 Pl 2
+
+
= +1+
MD MD MD 2
2 EI
P =
5Pl 3

3EI
Slope at point D.
D =
2 Pl 2
EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.107
(a) the vertical deflection of point D, (b) the slope of BC at point C.
SOLUTION
Add vertical force Q at point D and couple M C at point C.
Reactions at A:
RAx = P , RAy = Q
M A = Ql + M C
Member AB:
M
M
= l,
=1
Q
MC
M = M A + RAx y = Ql + M C + Py ,
UAB =
M2
dy
0 2 EI
l
UAB
1
=
Q
EI
UAB
1
=
M C EI
0
l
M
1
dy =
Q
EI
dM
1
dy =
MC
EI
UBC =
1
EI
( Py )(l ) dy =
l
Pl 3
2 EI
( Py )(1) dy =
M
=x
Q
M = M C + Pl + Qx
Member BC:
Pl 2
2 EI
M
=1
MC
M2
dx
0 2 EI
l
U BC
1
=
Q
EI
U BC
1
=
M C EI
0
l
M
M
M
2Q
dx =
1
EI
1
M
dx =
MC
EI
( Pl )( x) dx =
( Pl )(1) dx =
Pl 3
2 EI
Pl 2
EI
without permission.
Member CD:
M = Py
UCD
=0
Q
(a)
M
=0
MC
UCD
=0
MC
Vertical deflection of point D.
D =
(b)
M
=0
Q
3
UAB UBC UCD 1 1
Pl
+
+
= + + 0
Q
Q
Q
2 2
EI
D =
Pl 3

EI
Slope of BC at C.
C =
2
UAB UBC UCD 1
Pl
+
+
= +1+ 0
MC MC MC 2
EI
C =
3Pl 2
2 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.108
(a) the vertical deflection of point A, (b) the horizontal deflection of point A.
SOLUTION
Add horizontal force Q at point A.
1
3
M = Pv +
Qv
Over AB:
2
2
3
M 1
M
= v
=
v
2
P 2
Q
UAB =
M2
dx
2 EI
Set Q = 0.
UAB
1
=
P
EI
M
1
dv =
P
EI
1 1
2 Pv 2 v dv
1 PL
12 EI
UAB
1 L M
1
M
dv =
=
0
Q
Q
EI
EI
=
Over BC:
1 3
3 PL3
dv =
Pv
12 EI
2 2
M
L
= x ,
P
2
L
3
M = P x +
QL,
2 2
L M2
UBC =
dx
0 2 EI
M
3
=
L
Q
2
Set Q = 0.
UBC
1
=
P
EI
UBC
1
=
Q
EI
(a)
0
L
1
M
M
dx =
P
EI
M
1
M
dx =
Q
EI
0
L
L
P
L
P x dx =
x
2
3EI
2
3 L
=
0
1 PL3
12 EI
L
2
3P
L 3
L
P x
L
dx
x
=
=0
2 2
4 EI
2
Vertical deflection of point A.
P =
(b)
UAB UBC
+
P
P
P =
PL3

6 EI
Q = 0.1443
PL3

EI
Horizontal deflection of point A.
Q =
UAB UBC
3 PL3
+
=
Q
Q
12 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.109
For the beam and loading shown, and using Castiglianos theorem, determine (a)
the horizontal deflection of point B, (b) the vertical deflection of point B.
SOLUTION
Add horizontal force Q at point B.
Use polar coordinate .
U=
/2
0
M2
Rd
2EI
Bending moment.
M J = 0: M Pa Qb = 0
M = Pa + Qb
= PR sin + QR (1 cos )
M
M
= R sin
= R (1 cos )
P
Q
Set Q = 0.
(a)
Q =
=
(b)
U
1
=
Q EI
PR3
EI
(sin sin cos )d =
/2
0
/2
0
M
1
Rd =
Q
EI
/2
0
PR sin R (1 cos ) Rd
/2
PR3
1
( cos sin 2 )
EI
2
0
PR
1 2 1 2
+ sin 0
cos + cos 0 sin
EI
2
2
2 2
PR3
1
0 +1 + 0
EI
2
P =
=
U
1
=
P EI
PR3
EI
sin 2 d =
/2
0
/2
0
Q =
M
1
Rd =
P
EI
PR3
EI
/2
0
/2
0
PR3
2 EI
PR sin R sin Rd
1
(1 cos 2 )d
2
/2
PR3 1
PR3 1 1
1
1
1
sin 2 =
=
0 sin + sin 0
EI 2
2
EI 2 2 2
2
2
0
PR3
0 0 + 0
EI 4
P =
PR3
4 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.110
For the uniform rod and loading shown, and using Castiglianos theorem, determine the
deflection of point B.
SOLUTION
Use polar coordinate .
Calculate the bending moment M ( ) using free body BJ.
M J = 0: Px M = 0
M = Px = PR sin
Strain energy:
U=
U=
M2
ds
2EI
( PR sin ) 2
( Rd )
2 EI
P 2 R3
2 EI
P 2 R3
2 EI
P2 R2
2 EI
1

2
By Castiglianos theorem,
sin 2 d
1 cos
1
sin 2
4
P R
4 EI
U
P
PR3
2 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.111
Determine the reaction at the roller support and draw the bending moment
diagram for the beam and loading shown.
SOLUTION
Remove the support at A and add the reaction RA as a load.
Bending moment:
M = RA x M 0
Strain energy:
U=
1
2 EI
M 2 dx
Deflection at point A is zero.

yA =
=
1
U
M
M
dx
=
RA EI
RA
1
EI
Reaction at A.
Bending moment:
( RA x M 0 ) xdx =
1
EI
L3
L2
M 0 = 0
RA
3
2
RA =
3 M0

2 L
M = M 0 x 1
2
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.112
SOLUTION
Remove support B and add reaction RB as a load.
U = U AC + U CB =
U U AB
yB =
=
RB RB
Over AC:
M2
du +
0
2 EI
U CB
+
=0
RB
L/ 2
M2
dv
2 EI
L
M
L
= u +
M = RB u + Pu ,
2
2
R
U AB
1
=
RB
EI
L/ 2
L
L
RB u + Pu u + du
2
2

RB
EI
L/2
L
u + dv
0
2
3
R
L P
= B L3
3EI
2 EI
=
Over CB:
L/ 2
P
EI
L/2
u u + du
2
1 L 3 L 1 L 2
+
2 2 2
3 2
7 RB L3 5 PL3
24 EI
48 EI
M
=v
RB
M = RB v
U CB
1
=
RB
EI
L/2
( RB v)vdv =
RB L
1 RB L3
=
3EI 2
24 EI
1 RB L3 5 PL3
7
yB =
+
=0
48 EI
24 24 EI
M C = RB
L
2
M A = RB L P
L 5 1
=
PL
2 16 2
RB =
5
P
16
MC =
5
PL
32
MA =
3
PL
16
MB = 0
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.113
SOLUTION
Remove the support at end A and add the reaction RA at end A as
a load. The deflection y A at point A is zero.
1 L 2
Strain energy:
U=
M dx
2 EI 0
Deflection at A.
1 L M
U
yA =
M
dx
=
RA EI 0
RA
Bending moment.
1
Portion AB:
M = RA x wx 2
2
1
L
M = RA x wL x
Portion CB:
2
4
yA =
1
M
1
M
dx =
RA
EI
EI
1 2
RA x 2 wx xdx
L
1
1
1
+
RA x wLx + wL2 xdx
/2
L
2
8
EI
L/2
EI
L/2
1 3
2
RA x wx dx +
2
L /2
RA 3 w 4
x x
3
8 0
1
1 2
2
2
RA x wLx + wL x dx = 0
2
8

L/2
RA 3 wL 3 wL2 2
x
x +
x
3
6
16
=0
L /2
R
RA L
wL
wL
wL RA L3 wL L3 wL2 L2
+ A L3
+
=0
3 8
8 16 3
6
16 3 8
6 8
16 4
3
RA L3
1
1
1
1
1
+ wL4
+
+
=0
3
128
6
16
48
64
RA L3
41
wL4
=0
3
384
RA =
41
wL
128
without permission.

L
Portion AB: 0 x
2
41
1
M =
wLx wx 2
128
2
dM
41
V =
= w
L x
dx
128
V = 0 at x = xm .
xm =
41
L
128
Mm =
1 41
wL2
2 128
Portion BC: x L
2
1
23
M = wL2
wLx
8
128
7
MB =
wL2
128
M m = 0.0513 wL2
M B = 0.0547 wL2
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.114
Determine the reaction at the roller support and draw the bending
moment diagram for the beam and loading shown.
SOLUTION
Remove support A and add reaction RA as a load.
M2
dx
0 2 EI
U
1
=
A =
RA EI
U=
Portion AD:
(0 < x < a )
(a < x < L)
U DB
1
=
RA
EI
A =
M
dx = 0
RA
M
=x
RA
M = RA x
U AD
1
=
RA
EI
Portion DB:
( RA x) ( x) dx =
M
=x
RA
M = RA x M 0
L
a
RA a 3
3EI
( RA x M 0 ) ( x) dx =
1 1
1
3
3
2
2
RA ( L a ) M 0 ( L a )
2
EI 3
U AD U DB
1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
2
2
+
=
RA a + L a M 0 ( L a ) = 0
3
3 2
RA
RA
EI 3
RA =
3 M 0 ( L2 a 2 )
2
L3
RA =
3 M 0b ( L + a)
2 L3
MA = 0
M D = RA a
M D =
M D+ = M D M 0
M B = RA L M 0
Bending moment diagram drawn to scale for a =
M D+ =
3 M 0 ab ( L + a)
2
L3
3 M 0 ab( L + a)
M0
2
L3
MB =
3 M 0 b( L + a )
M0
2
L2
1
L.
3
By singularity functions,
M = 3M 0 b( L + a) x/2 L3 M 0 L a 0
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.115
For the uniform beam and loading shown, determine the reaction at each
support.
SOLUTION
Remove support A and add reaction RA at point A as a load.
The deflection yA at point A is zero.
MB = 0 :
Statics:
L
M0 = 0
2
1
M
RC = RA + 0
2
L
Fy = 0: RA + RB + RC = 0
RC L RA
RB = RA RC
U=
Strain energy:
yA =
Deflection:
1
2 EI
L/ 2
M 2 dx +
1
U
=
RA EI
L/ 2
1
2 EI
M 2 dv
1
M
dx +
EI
RA
M
dv = 0
RA
Bending moment:
L
Portion AB 0 x : M = RA x
2
M
= x
RA
M
1
M = RC v M 0 = RA + 0 v M 0
L
2
Portion BC (0 v L) :
M
1
= v
RA
2
After dividing by EI,

1
M
1
RA + 0 v M 0 v d = 0
0
0 2
L
2
L/2
L
L
1
1 M0 L 2
1
RA
x 2 dx + RA v 2 dv +
v dv M 0 vdv = 0
0
0
0
4
2 L 0
2
L/2
( RA x)( x) dx +
RA L3 RA L3 M 0 L2 M 0 L2
+
+
=0
24
12
6
4
RA L3 M 0 L2
=0
8
12
RC =
1 2 M0 M0
+
L
2 3 L
RB =
2 M0 4 M0
M
+
= 2 0
3 L
3 L
L
RA =
2 M0

3 L
RC =
4 M0

3 L
RB = 2
M0

L
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.116
diagram for the beam and load shown.
SOLUTION
M2
dx
0 2 EI
U
1
=
A =
RA EI
U=
Portion AD: 0 < x <

3
L/3
M
dx
RA
M
=x
RA
M = RA x
U AD
1
=
RA
EI
M
1
dx =
RA
EI
L/3
( RA x) ( x) dx
RA L
1 RA L3
=
3EI 3
81 EI
Portion DB: < x < L

3
M = RA x P x
3
M
=x
RA
RA P x x dx
3
R L 2
P L 2 L
= A
x dx
x x dx
3
EI L/3
EI L/3
U DB
1
=
EI
RA
L/3
1
M
dx =
EI
RA
RA
3EI
L/3
3 L 3 P 1 3 L 3 L 2 L 2
L L
L
3 EI 3
3 6
3
3
3
1 1 R L 1 1 1 1 PL
= A +
3 81 6 54 EI
3 81 EI
A =
U AD U DB 1 1 1 RA L3 14 PL3
+
=
+
RA
RA 81 3 81 EI
81 EI
1 RA L3 14 PL3
3 EI
81 EI
=0
=
RA =
14
P
27
without permission.
Bending moments:
By singularity functions,
L 14
M D = RA = PL
3 81
M D = 0.1728 PL
4
2L
M B = RA L P
= PL
27
3
M B = 0.1481 PL
M=
14
Px P x L/31
27
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.117
Three members of the same material and same cross-sectional area are used to
support the load P. Determine the force in member BC.
SOLUTION
Detach member BC at support C.
Add reaction RC as a load.
U =
F 2L
2 EA
yC =
U
FL F
=
=0
EA RC
RC
FBC = RC
Joint C:
Fx = 0: FBE sin FBD sin = 0
Joint B:
FBE = FBD
Fy = 0: FBD cos + FBE cos + RB P

FBD = FBE =
P RB
2cos
Member
BD
( P RB )/2 cos
BE
( P RB )/2 cos
BC
RB
F/ RB
1/2 cos
1/2 cos
1
( FL/EA) ( F/ RB )
l/ cos
( RB P)l/4 EA cos3
l/ cos
( RB P)l/4 EA cos3
RB l/EA
yB = Pl/2 EA cos3 + RB l/2 EA cos3 + RB l/EA = 0

RB =
P
1 + 2 cos3
FBC = RB
FBC =
1 + 2 cos3
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.118
SOLUTION
Detach member BC from its support at point C. Add reaction FC as a load.
Fy = 0:
Joint B:
2
FBD + FC P = 0
2
FBD = 2 P 2 FC
Fx = 0:
2
FBD + FBE = 0
2
FBE = P + FC
F 2R
R
=
F 2
2 EA 2 EA
R
U
F
=
F
=0
C =
FC EA
FC
U =
Member
BC
F
FC
BD
2 P 2 FC
BE
P + FC
F/ FC
1
F ( F/ FC )
2 P + 2 FC
FC
P + FC
3P + 4 FC
R
(3P + 4 FC ) = 0
EA
3
FC = P
4
FBC = FC
C =
FBC =
3
P
4
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.119
SOLUTION
Detach member BC from support C. Add reaction FC as a load.
F 2L
1
=
F 2 L
2 EA 2 EA
1
U
F
=
F
L
C =
FC EA
FC
U =
Joint B:
Fy = 0: FC P +
Fx = 0: FBE +
3
FBD = 0
5
FBD =
4
FBD = 0
5
5
5
P FC
3
3
4
4
FBE = P + FC
3
3
Member
F/ FC
F ( F/ FC ) L
BC
FC
3
l
4
3
FC l
4
BD
5
5
P FC
3
3
BE
4
4
P + FC
3
3
5
3
5
l
4
4
3
C =
1 21
Pl + 6 FC l = 0
EA 4
FC =
7
P
8
125
125
Pl +
FC l
36
36
16
16
Pl + FC l
9
9
21
Pl + 6 FC l
4
FBC = FC
FBC =
7
P
8
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.120
Three members of the same material and same cross-sectional area are
used to support the load P. Determine the force in member BC.
SOLUTION
Cut member BC at end B and replace member force FBC by load FB acting on
member BC at B.
B =
F 2L
1
F
L=0
=
=
F
FB FB EA EA
FB
3
FCD + FBC P = 0
2
Fy = 0:
Joint C:
FCD =
Fx = 0: FAC
FAC =
Member
1
3
CD
1
FCD = 0
2
1
3
FB
F/ FB
F
FB
AC
BC
FB
1
3
2
3
P
P
1
3
2
3
FB
FB
F ( F/ FB ) L
1
3
FB l
1
1
Pl + FB l
3
3
8
3
Pl +
8
3
FB l
1 8
4 8
+
Pl + +
FB l
3
3
3
3
1
3
B = +
FB =
1
3
4
3
8
3
8
3
FBC = FB
8 Pl 4 8 FB l
+ +
=0
3 EA 3
3 EA
P=
8+ 3
8+4 3
P = 0.652 P
FBC = 0.652 P
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.121
Knowing that the eight members of the indeterminate truss shown have the
same uniform cross-sectional area, determine the force in member AB.
SOLUTION
Cut member AB at end A and replace member force FAB by load FA acting on member AB at end A.
A =
F 2L
1
F
L=0
=
=
F
FA FA 2EA EA
FA
Joint B:
5
FBD = FA
4
Joint E:
Fy = 0: FBE P +
FBE =
3
FA
4
3
FAE
5
5
5
P FBE
3
3
5
5
= P FA
3
4
FAE =
Fx = 0:
4
FAE FDE = 0
5
4
4
FDE = FAE = P + FA
5
3
Joint D:
Fy = 0: FAD +
3
FDB = 0
5
3
3
FAD = FDB = FA
5
4
without permission.
Member
F/ FA
F ( F/ FA ) L
FAl
3
4
3
l
4
27
FAl
64
5
5
P FA
3
4
5
4
5
l
4
BD
5
FA
4
5
4
5
l
4
125
FAl
64
BE
3
FA
4
3
4
3
l
4
27
FAl
64
DE
4
P + FA
3
4
Pl + FAl
3
AB
FA
AD
3
FA
4
AE
125
125
Pl +
FAl
48
64
63
27
Pl +
FAl
16
4
1 63
27
Pl +
FAl = 0
4
EA 16
7
FA = P
12
A =
FAB = FA
FAB =
7
P
12
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.122
Knowing that the eight members of the indeterminate truss shown have the
same uniform cross-sectional area, determine the force in member AB.
SOLUTION
Cut member AB at end A and replace member force FAB by load FA acting on member AB at end A.
A =
Joint B:
F 2L
1
F
L=0
=
=
F
FA FA 2 EA EA
FA
Fx = 0: FA
4
FBD = 0
5
5
FBD = FA
4
3
Fy = 0: P FBE FBD = 0
5
Joint E:
Fy = 0: FBE +
Fx = 0:
Joint D:
4
FAE FDE = 0
5
Fy = 0: FAD +
FAD =
3
FAE = 0
5
FBE = P +
FAE =
3
FA
4
5
5
P FA
3
4
4
FDE = P + FA
3
3
FBD = 0
5
3
FA
4
without permission.
Member
F/ FA
AB
FA
AD
3
FA
4
3
4
3
l
4
AE
5
5
P FA
3
4
5
4
5
l
4
BD
5
FA
4
5
4
5
l
4
BE
P +
3
FA
4
3
4
3
l
4
DE
4
P + FA
3
F ( F/ FA ) L
FAl
27
FAl
64
125
125
Pl +
FAl
48
64
125
FAl
64
9
27
Pl +
FAl
16
64
4
Pl + FAl
3
9
27
Pl +
FAl
2
4
1 9
27
Pl +
FAl = 0
EA 2
4
2
FA = P
3
A =
FAB = FA
FAB =
2
P
3
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.123
Rods AB and BC are made of a steel for which the yield strength
is Y = 300 MPa and the modulus of elasticity is E = 200 GPa.
Determine the maximum strain energy that can be acquired by
the assembly without causing permanent deformation when the
length a of rod AB is (a) 2 m, (b) 4 m.
SOLUTION
AAB =
(12) 2 = 113.097 mm 2
= 113.097 106 m 2
ABC =
(8) 2 = 50.265 mm 2
= 50.265 106 m 2
P = Y Amin = (300 106 )(50.265 106 )

= 15.08 103 N
U =
(a)
a = 2 m, L a = 5 2 = 3 m
U=
(b)
P 2l
P2 l
=
2 EA 2 E A
(15.08 103 ) 2
2
3
+
= 44.0 N m
9
6
6
(2)(200 10 ) 113.097 10
50.265 10
U = 44.0 J
a = 4 m L a =1 m
U=
(15.08 103 ) 2
4
1
= 31.4 N m
9
6
6
(2)(200 10 ) 113.097 10 50.265 10
U = 31.4 J
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.124
Assuming that the prismatic beam AB has a rectangular cross section, show
that for the given loading the maximum value of the strain-energy density
in the beam is
umax =
45 U
8 V
where U is the strain energy of the beam and V is its volume.
SOLUTION
L
1
= 0 RA = wL
2
2
M B = 0: RA L + ( wL)
M = RA x
U=
1 2 1
wL = w( Lx x 2 )
2
2
M
w2
dx =
2 EI
8EI
( L2 x 2 2 Lx3 + x 4 )dx
L
w2 L2 x3 2 Lx 4 x5
=
8EI 3
4
5
0
=
w2 L5
8EI
w2 L5
240 EI
M max =
max =
umax =
1 1 1
3 2 + 5
2
1 L L 1 2
w L = wL
2 2 2 8
M max c wL2 c
=
8I
I
2
max
2E
w2 L4 c 2
128EI 2
3
1
U
8LI 8L 12 bd
=
=
2
umax 15c 2
15 ( d2 )
8
8
Lbd = V
45
45
umax =
45 U
8 V
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.125
A 5-kg collar D moves along the uniform rod AB and has a
speed v0 = 6 m/s when it strikes a small plate attached to end A
of the rod. Using E = 200 GPa and knowing that the allowable
stress in the rod is 250 MPa, determine the smallest diameter
that can be used for the rod.
SOLUTION
1 2 1
mv0 = (5)(6) 2 = 90 J
2
2
2
P L ( A max ) 2 L
Um = m =
2 EA
2 EA
2 EU
(2)(200 109 )(90)
= 480 106 m 2
A= 2 m =
6 2
max L (250 10 ) (1.2)
Um =
d2 = A
d=
4A
(4)(480 106 )
= 24.7 103 m
d = 24.7 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.126
A 160-lb diver jumps from a height of 20 in. onto end C of a
diving board having the uniform cross section shown.
Assuming that the divers legs remain rigid and using
E = 1.8 106 psi, determine (a) the maximum deflection at
point C, (b) the maximum normal stress in the board, (c) the
equivalent static load.
SOLUTION
1
(16)(2.65)3 = 24.813 in 4
12
L = 9.5 ft = 114 in.
a = 2.5 ft = 30 in.
1
c = (2.65) = 1.325 in.
2
P L
M = m x
a
a M2
P 2 L2 a 2
P 2 L2 a
U AB =
dx = m 2
x dx = m
0 2 EI
6 EI
2 EIa 0
I=
Over portion AB:
M = Pm v
L M2
P2
U BC =
dv = m
0 2 EI
2 EI
Over portion BC:
v 2 dv =
Pm2 L3
6 EI
Pm2 L2 (a + L)
6 EI
2U m Pm L2 (a + L)
ym =
=
Pm
3EI
U = U AB + U BC =
Total:
1
Pm ym = U m
2
3EI
(3)(1.8 106 )(24.813)
ym =
ym = 71.598 ym
(114)2 (114 + 30)
L ( a + L)
1
U m = Pm ym = 35.799 ym2
2
Pm =
= W ( h + ym ) = (160)(20 + ym ) = 3200 + 160 ym
Work of weight:
3200 + 160 ym = 35.799 ym2
Equating:
ym2 4.4694 ym 89.388 = 0
1
4.4694 + 4.46942 + (4)(89.388)
2
(a)
ym =
(c)
Pm = (71.598)(11.95) = 856 lb
ym = 11.95 in.
Pm = 856 lb
M m = (856)(114) = 97535 lb in
(b)
m =
Mm c
I
(97535)(1.325)
= 5210 psi
24.813
m = 5.21 ksi
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.127
A block of weight W is placed in contact with a beam at some given point D
and released. Show that the resulting maximum deflection at point D is
twice as large as the deflection due to a static load W applied at D.
SOLUTION
Consider dropping the weight from a height h above the beam. The work done by the weight is
Work = W (h + ym )
Strain energy:
U=
1
1
Pm ym = kym2
2
2
where k is the spring constant of the beam for loading at point D.

Setting h = 0,
W ( h + ym ) =
Wym =
1 2
kym ,
2
1 2
kym .
2
ym =
2W
.
k
The static deflection at point D due to weight applied at D is
st =
W
.
k
ym = 2 st
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.128
The 12-mm-diameter steel rod ABC has been bent into the shape
shown. Knowing that E = 200 GPa and G = 77.2 GPa, determine
the deflection of end C caused by the 150-N force.
SOLUTION
J=
c4 =
12
3
4
= 2.0358 10 mm
2 2
= 2.0358 109 m 4
1
I = J = 1.0179 109 m 4
2
Portion AB:
bending
M = Px
UAB, b =
LAB
M2
P2
dx =
2 EI
2 EI
LAB
x 2dx
P 2 L3AB
(150)2 (200 103 )3
=
6 EI
(6)(200 109 )(1.0179 109 )
= 0.14736 J
=
torsion
T = PLBC
T 2 LAB P 2 L2BC LAB
=
2GJ
2GJ
2
(150) (200 103 ) 2 (200 103 )
=
(2)(77.2 109 )(2.0358 109 )
= 0.57265 J
UAB , t =
Portion BC:
M = Px
P 2 L3BC
M2
P 2 LBC 2
dx =
x dx =
0
2 EI
3EI 0
6 EI
2
3 3
(150) (200 10 )
=
= 0.14736 J
(6)(200 109 )(1.0179 109 )
UBC =
Total:
Work-energy:
LBC
U = UAB, b + UAB, t + UBC = 0.86737 J

1
P = U
2
2U (2)(0.86737)
=
150
P
= 11.57 103 m
= 11.57 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.129
Two steel shafts, each of 0.75-in. diameter, are connected
by the gears shown. Knowing that G = 11.2 106 psi and
that shaft DF is fixed at F, determine the angle through
which end A rotates when a 750-lb in torque is applied at
A. (Ignore the strain energy due to the bending of the
shafts.)
SOLUTION
Work-energy equation:
1
TA A = U
2
2U
A =
TA
Portion AB of shaft ABC:

TAB = TA = 750 lb in
LAB = 5 + 6 = 11 in.
J AB =
U AB =
Portion BC of shaft ABC:

Gear B:
Gear E:
Portion DE of shaft DEF:
Portion EF of shaft DEF:
0.75
=
= 31.063 103 in 4
22
2 2
2
TAB
LAB
(750) 2 (11)
=
= 8.892 in lb
2GJ AB (2)(11.2 106 )(31.063 103 )
U BC = 0
FBE =
TB TAB 750
=
=
= 250 lb
rB
rB
3
TE = rE FBE = (4)(250) = 1000 lb in

U DE = 0
TEF = TE = 1000 lb in
LEF = 8 in.
U EF =
Total:
J EF =
3
4
= 31.063 10 in
22
2
TEF
LEF
(1000) 2 (8)
=
= 11.497 lb in
2GJ EF
(2)(11.2 106 )(31.063 103 )
U = U AB + U BC + U DE + U EF = 20.389 in lb
A =
2U (2)(20.389)
=
= 54.4 103 rad
TA
750
A = 3.12
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.130
Each member of the truss shown is made of steel and has a uniform crosssectional area of 3 in2. Using E = 29 106 psi, determine the vertical deflection of
joint A caused by the application of the 24-kip load.
SOLUTION
Joint A:
Joint C:
Strain energy:
4
FAC = 0
5
Fy = 0:
16
Fx = 0:
3
FAC + FAB = 0
5
FAB = 12 kips
Fy = 0:
4
FB (20) = 0
5
FBC = 16 kips
U =
Member
F 2L
1
=
F 2 L
2 EA 2 EA
FAC = 20 kips
E = 29 103 ksi
A = 3 in.2
F 2 L (kip 2 in)
F (kips)
L (in.)
AB
18
36
11664
AC
30
60
54000
BC
24
48
27648
U=
93312
93312
= 0.53628 kip in
(2) (29 103 ) (3)
1
P = U
2
2U (2) (0.53628)
=
P
24
= 0.0447 in.
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.131
A disk of radius a has been welded to end B of the solid steel shaft
AB. A cable is then wrapped around the disk and a vertical force P is
applied to end C of the cable. Knowing that the radius of the shaft is
r and neglecting the deformations of the disk and of the cable, show
that the deflection of point C caused by the application of P is
PL3
Ea 2
C =
1 + 1.5 2 .
3EI
GL
SOLUTION
Torsion:
T = Pa
Ut =
Bending:
T 2 L P2 a2 L
=
2GJ
2GJ
M = Pv
M 2 dv
=
0 2 EI
P 2 L3
=
6 EI
Ub =
Total:
Since J = 2 I ,
P 2 v 2 dv
2 EI
P 2 a 2 L P 2 L3 1
+
= P C
2GJ
6 EI
2
2
3
Pa L PL
PL3 3EIa 2
+
=
C =
1 +
3EI 3EI
GJ
GJL2
U=
C =
PL3
Ea 2
1 + 1.5 2
3EI
GL
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.132
Three rods, each of the same flexural rigidity EI, are welded to form the
frame ABCD. For the loading shown, determine the angle formed by the
frame at point D.
SOLUTION
Statics:
M A = 0: M 0 + DL PL = 0
D=P
Strain energy:
M0
Fx = 0: Ax + P = 0
Ax = P
Fy = 0: Ay + D = 0
Ay = P
M0
U = UAB + UBC + UCD
U
M0
U AB U BC U CD
D =
+
+
M0
M0
M0
By Castiglianos theorem, D =
Member AB:
M
= 0 UAB =
M0
L M M
UAB
=
dy = 0
0 EI M
M0
0
M = Py
M2
dy
2 EI
Member BC:
M = M 0 + Dx = M 0 + Px
Set M 0 = 0
M = Px
UBC
M0
M
x
=1
M 0
L
M2
dx
0 2 EI
L M M
P
=
dx =
0 EI M
EI
0
UBC =
M0x
L
x
PL2
x 1 dy =
L
6 EI
without permission.
Member CD:
M = M0
Set M 0 = 0
M =0
U=
D = 0 +
M
=1
M0
M2
dy
2 EI
PL2
+0
6 EI
U
=
M0
M M
dx = 0
EI M 0
D =
PL2
6 EI
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.133
The steel bar ABC has a square cross section of side 0.75 in. and is
subjected to a 50-lb load P. Using E = 29 106 psi for the rod BD and the
bar, determine the deflection of point C.
SOLUTION
Assume member BD is a two-force member.
M A = 0: 10 FBD (40)(50) = 0
Member ABC:
Portion AB:
(0.2)2 = 31.416 103 in 2

4
F2 L
(200) 2 (25)
= BD BD =
2 EA
(2)(29 106 )(31.416 103 )
= 0.5488 in lb
ABD =
U BD
FBD = 200 lb
I=
1
(0.75)(0.75)3 = 26.367 103 in 4
12
x
= 150 x
10
10 M 2
1502
dx =
=
0 2 EI
2 EI
M = 1500
UAB
10
0
x 2dx
(150) 2 (103 )
(2)(29 106 )(26.367 103 )(3)
= 4.904 in lb
=
Portion BC:
M = 50v
M2
502 30 2
dv =
v dv
0 2 EI
2 EI 0
(50) 2 (30)3
=
= 14.713 in lb
(2)(29 106 )(26.367 10 3 )(3)
UBC =
Total:
30
U = U BD + U AB + U BD = 20.166 in lb
1
P C = U
2
C =
2U (2)(20.166)
=
P
50
C = 0.807 in.
without permission.
PROBLEM 11.134
For the uniform beam and loading shown, determine the reaction at
each support.
SOLUTION
M B = 0: RA
L 1 2
wL + RC L = 0
2 2
1
1
RA + wL
2
2
RC =
U = UAB + UBC =
U UAB
=
A =
RA RA
M = R A x,
Portion AB:
UAB
1
=
RA
EI
Portion BC:
L/2
M = RC v
M2
dx +
0
2 EI
UBC
+
=0
RA
L/ 2
M2
dv
2 EI
M
=x
RA
M
1
M
dx =
RA
EI
L/2
R L
1 RA L3
( RA x) ( x) dx = A =
3EI 3
24 EI
1 2 1
1
1
wv = RA v + wLv wv 2
2
2
2
2
M 1
= v
RA 2
UBC
1
=
RA
EI
=
A =
L 1
1
1
2 1
2 RAv + 2 w( Lv v ) 2 v dv = 4 EI
[ RAv 2 + w( Lv 2 v3 )]dv
L4 L4 R L3 wL4
1 L3
+ w = A +
RA
4 EI
3
4 12 EI 48 EI
3
UAB UBC 1
1 R L3 wL4
+
=
+ A +
=0
RA
RA 24 12 EI
48EI
1
RA = wL
6
RC =
RA =
1 1
1
wL + wL
2 6
2
RC =
1
wL
6
5
wL
12
Fy = 0: RA + RB + RC wL = 0
1
5
wL + RB + wL wL = 0
6
12
RB =
3
wL
4
without permission.

Chapter 11

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Chapter 11

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CHAPTER 11

E = 190 GPa Y = 260 MPa

(b) Stainless steel

E = 190 GPa Y = 520 MPa

(c) Malleable cast iron:

E = 165 GPa Y = 230 MPa

E = 190 109 Pa, Y = 260 106 Pa

E = 190 109 Pa, Y = 520 106 Pa

E = 165 109 Pa, Y = 230 106 Pa

E = 16.5 106 psi Y = 120 ksi

E = 6.5 106 psi

(c) Cupronickel (annealed):

E = 16.5 106 psi, Y = 120 103 psi

E = 6.5 106 psi, Y = 29 103 psi

E = 20 106 psi, Y = 16 103 psi

Y = 50 ksi = 50 103 psi

Y = 65 ksi = 65 103 psi

Y = 100 ksi = 100 103 psi

E = 72 GPa Y = 220 MPa

E = 72 109 Pa Y = 220 106 Pa

E = 69 109 Pa Y = 150 106 Pa

= 1296 103 N m/m3

Modulus of toughness = total area under the stress-strain curve

The average ordinate of the stress-strain curve is

The area under the curve is

A = (500 106 )(0.18) = 90 106 N/m 2.

modulus of toughness = 90 106 J/m3 = 90 MJ/m3

Modulus of toughness = total area under the stress-strain curve

A 1 = (57)(0.25 0.002) = 14.14 kips/in 2

modulus of toughness = 6980 in lb/in 3

Volume of stressed material:

V = AL = (250)(500) = 125 103 mm3 = 125 106 m3

A1 = (62.5 106 )(96 103 ) = 6 103 N m = 6 103 J

modulus of toughness = 63 MJ/m3

U = 176.2 103 in kip

In AB : u = 11.72 103 in kip/in 3

In BC : u = 5.65 103 in kip/in 3

uBC = 5.65 in lb/in 3

(25 103 ) 2 (1.2)

U = 5.968 + 6.213 = 12.18 N m

uBC = 38.6 kJ/m3

Strain energy density.

Pall = Y A for each portion.

Pall = (450 106 )(78.54 106 )

Pall = (280 106 )(153.94 106 )

Use the smaller value.

(35.343 103 ) 2 (1.6)

P = 2 A = (2)(28.274 106 )(85 106 )

For strips AB, DB, BE,

A = (20)(5) = 100 mm 2 = 100 106 m 2

= 225 103 J/m3

Y = 320 MPa = 320 106 Pa,

(12) 2 = 113.097 mm 2 = 113.097 106 m 2

E = 200 GPa = 200 109 Pa

Force at yielding or allowable axial force.

= (3.2745 103 )(2652.6 + 2353.2) = 16.392 J

= (3.2745 103 )(5305.2 + 1176.6) = 21.225 J

all = 22000 psi

Use Simpsons rule to compute the integral. h = 1.5 in.

where Amin is the cross-sectional area at end B.

Total strain energy:

lBD = 2l , lBC = lCD =

Fx = 0: FBC FCD = 0 FBC =

LCD = 7.5 ft = 90 in.