PRACTICAL-2

AIM: To observe and study various cables, connections, and parts used in NETWORKING.
TYPES

FIG: NETWORK CABLE

Patch Cable:
A patch cable connects two network devices. Patch cables are typically CAT5 /
CAT5eEthernet cables linking a computer to a nearby network hub, switch or router.
Ethernet patch cables are useful to those building home computer networks and also to
travelers who need wired access to Internet connections such as those provided in hotel
rooms. They are normally manufactured using stranded rather than solid sheathing in order to
give them pliability that reduces risk of breakage when unplugging or carrying them.
A crossover cable is a specific type of Ethernet patch cable used to directly connect two
computers to each other.

EthernetCrossoverCables:
A crossover cable directly connects two network devices of the same type to each other over
Ethernet. Crossover cables are useful for temporary networking of devices when a network
router, switch or hub is not present.

RS-232 Pinouts
These pinout diagrams illustrate the 9-pin and 25-pin serial line RS-232 standard network
cables.

RJ45 Plugs and Jacks:

The RJ45 plug is an 8-position modular connector that looks like a large phone plug. There
are a couple variations available. The primary variation you need to pay attention to is
whether the connector is intended for braided or solid wire. For braided/stranded wires, the
connector has sharp pointed contacts that actually pierce the wire. For solid wires, the
connector has fingers which cut through the insulation and make contact with the wire by
grasping it from both sides. The connector is the weak point in an Ethernet cable, choosing
the wrong one will often cause grief later. If you just walk into a computer store, it's nearly
impossible to tell what type of plug it is. You may be able to determine what type it is by
crimping one without a cable.
RJ45 jacks come in a variety styles intended for several different mounting options. The
choice is one of requirements and preference. RJ45 jacks are designed to work only with
solid cable. Most jacks come labeled with color codes for either T568A, T568B or both.
Make sure you end up with the correct one.

ST Connector
ST stands for Straight Tip- a quick release bayonet style connector developed by AT&T. STs
were predominant in the late 80s and early 90s.

FIG: ST Connectors
ST Connectors are among the most commonly used fiber optic connectors in networking
applications. They are cylindrical with twist lock coupling, 2.5mm keyed ferrule. ST
Connectors are used both short distance applications and long line systems. The ST connector
has a bayonet mount and a long cylindrical ferrule to hold the fiber. Because they are springloaded, you have to make sure they are seated properly. They are easily inserted and removed
due to their design. If you experience high light loss, try reconnecting.
ST connectors come in two versions: ST and ST-II. These are keyed and spring-loaded. They
are push-in and twist types. They are rated for 500 mating cycles. The typical insertion loss
for matched ST connectors is 0.25 dB.

BNC Connector
A BNC connector for coaxial cables. These are either soldered, or crimped to the end of the
cable. It is better to use one continuous length of cable, as these connectors weaken the signal
strength.