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Lecture 1
Course Aims
To introduce the design principles of
lens and mirror optical systems and
the evaluation of designs using
modern computer techniques. The
lectures will cover lens design,
aberrations, optimization,
tolerancing and image quality
metrics.
February 18, 2014
ZEMAX
The ZEMAX Optical Design Program is a
comprehensive software tool. It integrates
all the features required to conceptualize,
design, optimize, analyze, tolerance, and
document virtually any optical system. It is
widely used in the optics industry as a
standard design tool. This course will
introduce the basics of ZEMAX.
February 18, 2014
Local Experts
Jurgen Schmoll
Stephen Rolt
Colin Dunlop
Tim Morris
Course Outline
Lecture 1: Introduction
Lecture 2: Sequential Systems
Lecture 3: Optimization
Lecture 4: Tolerancing
Lecture 5: Non-sequential & other stuff
Web page: http://astro.dur.ac.uk/~rsharp/opticaldesign.html
February 18, 2014
Objectives: Lecture 1
At the end of this lecture you should:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Getting started
Download a copy of Zemax from
http://www.radiantzemax.com
CfAI/Atmol members can use the shared
license server on zemax.cfai.local. This
requires a copy of the file sntlconfig.xml from
the server Exchange/installers/Zemax to be
copied into the main Zemax directory (C:
\Program Files\Zemax)
Five licences are available. See who is using
them at http://zemax.cfai.local:7002
Non-CfAI/Atmol members should use the
Zemax demo
February 18, 2014
Recommended Texts
Zemax manual
Introduction to Lens Design with Practical Zemax
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Historical Note
Lens design has changed significantly since
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Snells law
n1 sin 1 = n 2 sin 2
each surface
Sequential ray-tracing assumes that light travels
from surface to surface in adefined order.
Non-sequential ray-tracing does not assume a
pre-defined path for the rays, but when a ray hits
a surface in its path, it may then reflect, refract,
diffract, scatter or split into child rays (scattered
light).
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Numerical Optimisation
Methods
Given a starting configuration, the
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light
Trajectories of photons from each of these points
define the light rays
Neglecting diffraction, these physical rays become
geometrical rays (ray bundles)
Wavefronts are surfaces normal to rays
Light travel times along all rays to the wavefront from
an object point are the same (for a fixed
wavelength)
Neglecting diffraction, physical wavefronts become
geometrical wavefronts (good approximation
except near boundaries or edges)
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Wavefronts
Image
Plane
Object
Plane
Ray bundles
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limits the extent of the wavefront for the ray bundle which is
transmitted through the system to the on-axis image point
(aperture stop or stop)
If optics are large enough then this will also be true for off-axis
image points
In many cases this is not true leading to mechanical
vignetting of off-axis image points
Size and location of the aperture stop can have important
impact on system performance through its effects on
geometrical aberrations
Image of the stop in object space is the entrance pupil.
Image of the stop in image space is the exit pupil.
Focal ratio (e.g. f/5.6) is ratio of focal length (for object at )
to entrance pupil diameter (EPD)
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different codes!
Zemax uses a right-handed
cartesian co-ordinate system, where
the Z-axis is the optical axis and light
initially moves in the direction of +Z.
Co-ordinate breaks (rotations) are
defined in a right-handed sense.
February 18, 2014
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Optical Prescriptions
An optical design is described by a set of
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Surface Parameters
Surface number
Radius of curvature
Thickness to the next surface
Glass type in the next medium
Aspheric data (if any)
Aperture size (semi-diameter)
Tilt and decenter data (if any)
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Summary: Lecture 1
Optical design has changed radically
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Exercises: Lecture 1
Install Zemax (or the Zemax demo)
on your PC
Use the lens data editor to input the
optical prescription of the biconvex
singlet from the lecture
Investigate how the focus depends
on wavelength and lens curvatures
Investigate how the image quality
depends on the thickness of the lens
February 18, 2014
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