'I't.

IE

PALE,S I'INE MANDATE

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THE PA,LESTINE MA'NDATE

Invalid and ImPracticable
A Contribution of Arguments and Documents
towards the solution of the Palestine
Problem

bv

W. F. BOUSTANY,

.,.,,,rr\ ):

B.A.

in the
Representative o[ the Arab Cultivators
"""' ii,i;J;;ru- Lund, Agreement with
the Palestine Government

of the Third Palestine Arab

Mernl:er
^' ^-'-'- -b.t"eation
to London

PresentedtoF{isExcelleneytheHighComrrissionerforPalestineinJune
and transmitted to

His Maiesty's Principal secretary of state

for the Colonies in JulY' 1936

Part Ten and APPendices added
the Supreme Arab Committee
and Arabic vereion presented to
in Augugt, 1936

'a#"

Printcd

rt the Amorican Proo' Boirut

l9t6

.o.

:1-0

ttr

, l-''j

),
,'

2
FORE'S/ORD

arl
':)

:', (,'

/
\

nv \TlIr: AUTrIoR
(in Arabic)
l,ord Atsahury's :
. 'I'lur Use of l,ifc
0rr l't'ttt:c anrl I'[ltpPincss
'l'ltr. l'lt'ltstttt'.s of I,if(r
'l'lre llcitrttics of Naturc

Slr Arrlon llcrtrtttt's l{cport on thc (lrrxll< Ortltotlrx l)ltlt'iltrt:ltitlc ol

.Jcrusnlent

Slr l{rrlrirrrlrittttillr'l'irgot'c's :'l'he Gartlcncr

(Jrrrrllrrltrs of ()tttitr Klrlry;trtrn

The present six months "political strike" with its "outrages

and guerilla warfare" "of aims inconsistent with the Mandate",
has been rcgarded as a "direct challenge to the authority of the
British Government in Palestine". The Arabs have been seeking
the introduction "by the British Government of fundamental
changes in their policy with regard ro Palestine". The British
Government ate "convinced" that the object of "establishing
more cordial and peaceful relations" is "attainable within the
framework of the Mandate which they have no intention of
abandoning". In the investigdtion by the Royal Commission,
"of the underlying causes of the disturbances" the "fundamental terms of the Mandate" are not to be brought into
question. Such is the British Policy in lralestine which was
stated at tlte end of the first week of this month. The deadtrock
continues.

The Palestine Arabs stand on Pledges made by Grear

Britain, duly confirmed by other Powers, and entirely consistent
with the Covenant of the League of Nations to which the
Mandate is traceable. They oppose a policy which, though
entfuely contraty to such Pledges and Covenant, has been embodied in the fundamental terms of the Mandate. By them
"British position" in, and "British policy with regard to",
Palestine, as "purely British" are not necessarily brought into
question except in so far as the Mandate itself is invalid or
impracticable. British policy trcats them as "mere economic
units." It was laicl down in tgzz, before the Mandate was
definc<l arrtl long lrcforc it canrc into forcc. In the Balfour
I)ccllr;rtiolr, t lrcir "politic.rl" riglrts ;tr.c supprcsscrl. Thcir right

a "community formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire"

to bc rccogn ized as "an indepenr1ent nation" is not implemented'
l1 its fundamental terms the Mandate gives recognition to
people with Palestine and
t hc historical connection of the Jewish
to a National Home therein for them' This is the Palestine

CONTENTS

as

Pa&r

Indices

Index of
o f Events

3-ro

Index of
o.f Documents and Arguments

rr-r5

Problem.

-fhe object of the following pages is to show to all conthe League

ccmcd, the Jews, the Arabs, the Mandatory, and
ol l\ations, how and hov,' far, this problem' to which a solution
on all sides is earnestly sought, cannot be envisaged without
insffuqucstioning the fundamental tertns of this international
Nations'
of
rurrnl wltich, contrary to the Covenant of the League
has, after so
;rs it u,.rs whcn {irst drafted, and when confirmed,
ln;lny yc:Il's of trial, proved to be impracticable and not only
in va litl.
.|-hcJcwislrAspect,theArabAspect,theBritishAspect,
form of a
,rr,r,rll rliscussccl. Copics of the lirst nine Parts, in the
Frincipal
.r(.rlt()t.;lt1(l r1.ll, wcrc duly transltitted to His Majesty's
Appendices'
the
X'
St'cr.t'lrry o{' Statc for the Colonies' Part
since
,rrrtl lrrcliccs c;[ ]:vents, Documcnts and Arguments, haVe
lrecu .rtlrlccl; and tlrc ISnglish and Arabic versions of this modest
only a few days after
r onlt ibttlion Jrc l.low appcaring together'
tlrt,syri,rrr'l'rclty was co,ncludcd as a further instance of the
l,rlc

ol

Parts

:'7, r q16'

W. F. Boustany.

Present Mandate:

Invalid; May be revoked; May

be

Ifay lle raciically modified

I I l)alcslinc ll'errit-ory : Within the boundaries of countries
receded fronr;

17_37

lvherein Recognition and Support of Arab Indepenclance

T

II

lV
V
Vl
VI

by Great tsritain

was'pledged

3g-47

The Palestine Mandate : Compared with the two other

Mandates (-for Iraq and Syria and the l,ebanon)
4g-Ss
The Jewish National Home : Interpretatio,; Jewish State 56-66
The Palestine Mandate : A,,E and C,,mandate, not in
conformity with the relative provision made in the
Covenant of the League of }[ations
67-7r
lleport of the Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry :
l)crrrorrstrates Conflicts and Difficulties inherent in the

Mandate

7z-Bg

Cornplexity and Conflict of fnterests in the palestine

Mandate observed by the Permanent Mandates
Ct>mmission

Vlll

M,rlttlatcs.

Sr'1rtt'tttlrt'r'

lX

90-93

Sir -John Hope Simpson's Report supports the Parlianrcntary Corrnrissionls Report and demonstrates the

lnrpracticability of the PaJestine Mandate involving

Oonrplexity and Conllict of Interests
'l'he r9.3o Statement of Ilritish Policy in l)ir,lcstine
rcilr:r;rlcs iht rclzz Stalcntent ;rn<l corr{:rirrs pllLirr
lrrlnrission oI l)iflicullir.s, (lornlllt,xily, lrnrl (lonllicl of
Irrlcrcsls irrhcn'nl in lhr, N{trrrrltrlr' . ..
'l'hc l)irrrgclorrs .f r,rvislr Nirl irurirl lkrrnc llrlit'y is lltc
rlefet:t of lhr, l'trL'slirtr: MrrnrLrlt,irtrrl lhc lllilislr llilicv

in

l'nh,sl

irrl

94-ro9

to-t3o

r-r.18

-t

-3NNDEX OF EVENt'S

Pege

lffx'ttllt'r,t

(hvnttrtlrl ol lhn
(Arl

ll

N.E.

l,r,rr1ilrr,

of Nrrliorrs :

hltx l4, r(,, )) ...

'l'ltn 'l'truly ol Silvlr,* ( rr;:ro)

I39-I4r
r4r-t42
r43-r47

r48-r5z

(ryzz) ....

V Slrrltnrerrl of lho llritish l'olicy in Palestine

Vl 'l'lrr Mrrttrhrlr. for' l'irk:slirre and Transjordan :

r53-r57
r

Vll
Vlll

58-r6a

'l'ht. Mtrrrlnte for Syria and the lebanon:

ns t:onlirmed (rgzz)

r6z-r65

ll'hc il'reaty of Lausanne (rgz3):

(Arl"icles 16, 25, 27> . .

r65-r66

Mlp,of Syria .

.Iewry and the ltroly Land.

(Atllllnr o4-t)7, t,tl

lll 'l'lto Mnttthlr for lrrrl (r9zr)
lV 'l'ltt Mttttrlrrlr fol lhlt,sl.ine (r9zr)

Figures to the ri,glat d.enote numbers oJ parograplts ond pre'eded

by "p" denote pages.

r.
2.
3.
4.
s.

Palestine-*o.,Jews, I,and of promise : ro7.

NIo restoratibn; jerusaiern a City in Heaven

Restoration of-the Ternpie on its ancient

Christianized jews versus Jews : rro.

rog.

site: ro9, r5r, rrr.

: First "Kibla" of rsrarnl A new shrine of the new creed

(Islam) on the site of the Itroly Temple : rrr.

Jerusalem

Ernancipation and Renaissance.

6. 1796: concordat betrveen jervs of France and French Republic: rrz.

l. rTgg: Napoleon,s invitation to Jews to settle again ,,under his aegis,,
in Jerusalem : rr4.
8. r815: Congress of Vienna and ,,civil and political rights,, for

I6

Jewish comrnunitles cf Central Europe: rzg.

An English Je'r negotiates with Ibrahim son of Mohammed
',A,li Fasha a Jer,vish coXonization in palestine : r:5.
r846: "'rranquiliisation of syria and the East by the Establishment
of Jewish Coionies in palestine,,-an English rvork : 116.
r85z: "jev;s in Falestine,, (re-establishment of a Jewish Statet
under Eritish protection as a means of securing overland
route to India) an English work : 116.
r86o: with the R.enaissance of itaty the Resurrection of Judea: rr7.

g. r8r7:
ro.
r

r.

12,

Politieal Zionisrn.

13. t8g7:.

Herzl's

plan:

"establishment

in

palestine

of a

publicly-

secured and legally-guaranteeil Horne for the Jewish people,,;

inunediate objectives (a) a charter from the Sultan backed

r4,

by the Great Powers for autonomous jewish colonization

and (b) financial institutions. (

Zangrvill's plan : Autonomous Jewish settlernent outside

l'alestine : r23-r25.

*5-

_ r_
l)

r()l.l:
r()r4:

tl

I{ernarkable number of leaders in Jervry visit I'irlcstiue:

rz6, tz7,
I)r. Weizmann introduced to ]Ir. Lloyd George: 299.

Alirb Movcment : Arab Independenee.

r()r5: .frrl_v 14: the Shereef of l{ecca (to Sir Henry

},IcMahon)

tsalfour Declaration.
27,

rgr?:

28.

29.

: July r8: Lord

3c.

:
:

rk'lirrr,s boundaries of territories n-herein Arab Independence

,:

IH

ll,

. :

is lo lrc lccognized : 6r. 62,.

Atrgrrsl .io: Sir N{cN{ahon confirms Lord Kitchener's message
lrrr"'llrt, inrlcpendence of the Arabs and the Arab countries"
irrrrl lroslporrcs rliscussir:n of t'bounclaries": 63.
$r,; rlr,rrrlrr,r' 9 : 'l hc Shereef stands for his "boundaries" :
{r4, ri.5.
()r'lr,lrr,r'

:i: Sir ^\[t'fllrlt,rn

rnndiflies ''blrundaries"

by pro-

lrosirrg lo r,xllrtrlt. tlrt riistricts ol llersina and Alexandretta

pr lllirln:i ol Sl'r'irr l-l'irrg lo lhc rvcst of the districts of
I)ltrrr:rsr us, llotrrs, llrrru;r, lrrrrl ,\lr'Pllo; un(l with these modilir irliorr.i "w(' l( ( ('l)1 " llrt. lrottttrllrrics rlesired by the Shereef :

'

lrtrrl

(r(r.

Novt'rrrlrcl

Nll'r'sirrlr irrrrl Atl;rtur: llrt'qrrovitrt'es of i\leppo and Beyrout

ltt'r' At;tlr pt'ovitrt'r's : 67.
l)r'r't'nrlrlr t,1 : ltttt'r't'sts of liutuce are iuvolved: 68.

s: 'l'lrr. Slrt'rt:t'i ir{rr('s to c\clude the vilayet oi

Alrglo-A t'trb (hvcnunl, Cloncluded.

Zionlxl Schenre l'r'csented.
r{
r) r (): .f rrnrurr'-v- r : 'l'lrc Arllrs 1lt'oi isi,'null-v avcrt tlteir e)'es f rorn
ra,lrlrl llrr,y lcrrvt,to Iirance ut llevrottt and its coasts; and
' lrrrrl I,lrr, Anglo-Arirlr (lrvetrattt is conclttrled : 69, 7o.

-'.t.

.
:

l)ivisiorr oI Syriu irrLo lhrt'e S1.'hc'res oI Inllttence (one British)

lrrrrl lrrlcrn;r{ionrtlisalion oi I'}irlesline. (Sykes-l'icot negotia-

:
'

.3r.

: Zionisl Scht't'tttt'

3or.
tsalfour Declaration formula oppcsed and modified
: 3o2, 3o3.
November z : Balfour Declaration issue.J, a personal
*"aargu
having bee, sent by president wilson to British Govern-

I]:rlfour l)eclalation,lpplied.
.Anglo-Ar.ab Covenant Confirmerl.
.i,:' rgrli: .'\pril 4 : zionist Commission in palestine with,,official terms
,f reference". \\:ith the commission NIr. Ormsby_Gore
(the present Secretary of State for the Colonies):
3o4, 3,o5.
-ftrrre:
:
,tt.
Recrr-riting parestine Arabs for the liberation of Arab
countries still proceeding : r56.
: -\rvcrrher : The Turks propose a Turco-.\rab treaty rei r'
cognizing the Inclependence of the Arab countries :
7r.
( 5.
: N,ve,lrer : "Britisrr Government, in agreement \ryith
the
.,\llicrl lb*,,cr-s, confirnrs its previous pledges respecting the
.f the inclepe,dence of the Aratr countries,,: 7r.
't.rrg,i1i.rr
: N.r'crnlrcr
{(r'
: -Jtiint -\ng}o-French procramation : ,,definite
Ir'r'ci,( " [r.rrr the 'furiis and "estab]ishment of nationar
( iovcrnnrcnis and Administraiions,,
: 3ob,
'!'hr, llt'sila1ion.

(i

,\ Novcl l,olilical Experirnent,,,Mandates,,.

rqrr): .\llir.s: I{r'srlvcrl Ilrirt,\rab territories should not be handed
lo'l'rrrlir,y : r.j:.

l'r'irrr'i1rlr'
{i,

"Ittlltr(' go\'('l'ltl'l1t'tlt of l'}ltlcslirrr.'': .Jclvish t:ltirt'lt'tt'rl (r,tlll)illl\'; .llrvislr torrtttlttttily in

l';rlt'slinr, ir rlislirrr'l tutliotrlrlilr, lo lrl t't'r'ogttizt'rl l,t' Sttzt'r;titt
ils it s('l):lt'ill('llllli(tlllll 1111i1 0l lt ttttli0tritlill' : ''r)(),,loo'

Oclolrt'r

Rothschild forwards to Mr. Balfour the

"Balfour Deciaration" knou,n to president wiison, sir Nlark
Sykes, and Earon Edmond de Rothschild :

nrent: 3o.3. r?6, :,77.

liorrs): ().1, 95.

".llwislr Nrrtionirl I'Ionre" antl "liritislr l)ositiol"r" in l'alesl.ine:
r,1.1, t;(r.

Zionist "Politicar committee" at London to prosecute

Zionist
plan : 3or.
British Arrny a,d ,,Arab Officers and soldiers,, in palestine
:
164, 165.

Ir'r'

.lr u: :

t,,

lrnnt'x;rtion

r)l)l(, : t.t().
\r'rrlrs : Irrrlr,lrr,rrrlt'rrt

;t

lr

: \o

r.33.

;r lr;lli()nitlily lrnrl to rcturr.l lo thcir historic home

as

I)(

r,: frrllllrrrerrl of ltlcrlgcs : r.74, 6r-7o.

'l'rrrlt' Iirriorr lllrrlit's: Intr:rnatirmal Governtrrt'rrl rrl (lr'r'rllrrr r,rl,rrics ltrrrl .f lt'rrit.rics rlclacherl frotn
'l'rtllir'1' r;,r.

Slt i;rlisl rrrrrl

-6,lz.

Wilson ; Interests of the peopnes

prinoary consideration

t'Mandate" idea.l

I)ecetnber 3o

Oovenant of League of Nations provides for Mandates'

Mnndettes for Arab Territories in an Abortive Treaty.
44. t()2o: Mandate System laid down in Article zz, Covenant of
l,cirguc of Nations : r7r, P. r39.
Alrlil : Sttprcme Alliecl Council allotted Nlanclates : 138'
45.
Aplil : l(iots in Jertrsalern : .io7'
4lt,
Alrlil
: Zionists' Arrrtgance; denlancl only a "National Horne"
47.
lrrrl wilI lrc slrlislrt'rl rvith nothinq less thau a "Jewish State";
Siltlrl iorr lrttolcritlllc; abDlirsllnrent tt[ "Zionist Commission"
rccrrruntctrrle<l

ro:

lor llrr' .f lwisll

t4

nrcnl

6o.

6r.

6z-

Correspondence and Statement

r.

):

55, r53.

July z4: Council of l,eague meeting at London confirms

Palestine-'Iransjordan Mandate and Mandate for Syria ancl
the Lebanon : p. r58, p. 16z.

rr: (Palestine) Order-in-Council : 267.

September 16 : Transjordan ancl Jewish National Hornc
provisions in }{andate: p. r58.
October ro : Iraq Treaty communicatecl to I,eague of Nations : zz.

Jewish

September

people on terms of unity and

1x'oplc lo livc with the Aritb
ntttlttltl resPect : P. r54'
l)istttt'lrittrces in ]af[;r : r48, t88.
Atrgusl.: l)rlrfts of Iracl I\{arttlate and Palestine Mandate
prlscntcrl lo I'itrliantc'nt: 11. I4-1, 11. r48'
l\l:rttrlitlorv for lrlttl trtttilles the League that his obligations
corrkl lrt' lrt'st tlischarst'cl thrott{h a treat}' of Alliance with

s4,

.l

nrrl

(r.]

l:

'

,[':rlestine.

C-'otDtrtettcetttctrt

oI

.55'

Ctx'resilotldence between
thc lh,itish (lrvc'rntttctlt itrrtl thc l'alcstine Arab Delegation

.llt'l.rrtlirry :

t:

ittrtl tltc Ziorrist Olganizirtiort

.--L

--

(r)l)t'r'ist'tllr.l'llrt'('ottrrcilof'li'n'St't'1xrgt'.5"NIarrdlrtcS1'stem"
lrrrlrlir'rlrt'rl

Recognition of Jewish National Home Essential Condition

for Anglo-Arab Treat.y* or Constitutional Government in

: ::.

Itrltlxh l,()tir:f in I,alestine stnted prio[ to Definition of

'l'el'ms of Nlandate.
r

of British policy giving an

interpretation of the Jewish National Home and contemplating constitutional development by a Legislative Council :

:(r7.

A Mrtntltttc in tt 'l'rcitty for lritq.

t. I ()2 r : ziorrist ('orr1;rt,ss rcsolvcs : l.)t,tcrnritration oI the

.5.S.

59.

Nllrrrrlitlt' ;llcsctllerl lo I,tltqtte of Nations : zz'

()r:lolrct': Atlvisory ('ottncil sct tlp in Palestine (by appoint-

5o,

zz.

independence": 46-52.
June : Arab Delegation criticize the sairl Statement of policy,
prove Palestine to have been included within the saicl
boundaries, and confirm demand for National Government :
5r-54, r50.
June z3 : Said correspondence ended: 55.
June z9 : Balfour Declaration re-affirmed; not susceptible of
change; Jewish People will be in palestine as of right and
not on sufferance : 5.5.
July r : "The White Faper,, issued containing the said

lltrrl

4t),

.5

1tt'o1lltt"

May 3o : Draft of Statement of British policy :

53, p. r53.
June 3 : British Government claims palestine was exclurlcrl
from t'boundaries' of territories of (,recognition of Arab

.3o7.

Alroltive Treaty of -(Avres: For Iraq and Syria

,,Nirti6tyrl (l6r,ctn1rclts"; for I'alestine a t'National HOme

Arrgtrst

48.

March : The people of palestine not less advanced than their

neighbours in Iraq and Syria

r36.

43.

ttrre

lr\'l,r'llgttt"s St'r't'r'lltriltl, lielrttl:tr\'' t9:7'

(,7.

rq2.l:

Iiebluary aud N'Iarch: I)alcstine.,\ral-rs refnse to co-r4reratc

in I,cgislative Clotrncil elections : :(r7.

July : I)alt-'stir.rc (iovcrrrrucnt llultlislrr,s "()fficial l{csunr6" oI
Irn Angkr-r\r'lrb 'li clrl1, ( irritiirllt,rl lr-v Iiing I{usscin anrl
I,orrl (jrrrzorr):. lrr<lc1lt'ltrlcncc for lltu;,'l'rlrrrsjorrlan arrrl
Arall Sllrlr,s of ;\rirll l'crrinsrrlu t,xt'lusivc of Arlcn; no l)l'cjrrtlict, io civil lrrrrl lt,ligious liglrts of Anrlr t:tlurnrunily in
I'lth'stirrt'

()()-too.

--8-

-9-

69.

luly z4:
p. 165.

7o.

August : Third Palestine Arab Delegation at London opposing

said Anglo-Arab treaty as implying Jewish National Home
policy : ,96-roo; King Hussein announces in palestine that
he would not endorse such policy : roo.
September z9 : Palestine Mandate and Mandate for Syria
and the Lebanon come into lorce: z6z, (and page zo3,
Arabic version).
October : Palestine Arabs refuse formation of an Arab
Agency ancl reconstitution of a nominated Advisory Council :

?t.

7r.

Lausanne Treaty of Peace with Turkey (signed):

National Home a Jewish State.

82.

rg21:

83.

19z6:

Revisionists declare Jewish State to be the aim of the

National Home : r53-r58.
December ro : Moderates as well as Extremists consider
Jewish State as goal of National Home

t5g,

176.

Outbreak.
8+.

: High Commissioner puts forward proposals for con'

stitutional developrnent : 267.
: August : Disturbances ; Constitutional Development held
up; Inquiries instituted : 267.

rg2g:

8.S.

June

26?.

74,

I)ecember

Protocol to Iraquian treaty : zz.

Advisory Council reconstituted of Official UIem;
bers only (with two additional official members): 267.
Ily l)ecenrlrcr negotiations for Anglo-Arab treaty were said
lo dcllenrl rrprln acccptance by King Hr.rssein of a provision
for lhe csttblislrrnerrt of a national representative governntent whit:h-qould recognize llalfour l)eclaration as interllrcted in the lgzz Statcnrent of Ilritish Policy : roo.

7,1.

October 3o

Palestine Mandate proves Impracticable.

86: rg3o: March: Parliamentary Commission's Report on

departures

as a book supporting PalesBritish pledges made to Arabs and-

tine Arabs on ground of

criticising Jewish Home Policy

57,

88,

E9.

of Inl,ercsls,
77,

7H,

7e.

tt)?4i

'

rz:

I)alestine Arabs presented to King Hussein at

tht'ir final dernands: adherence tn pledges made
rrrrrl lcftrsll of Jewish National Home policy : roo.
N'lrrlch 2.5 : Liour Agreernents relating to Iraquian treaty : zz..
Se;tterrrber z7: Council of League approved British Govern-

.f

irnrrirry

Arrrrrrirn

rrrclrt's surlrmary of said Protocol and Agreements relating to

Iraq as givirrg effect to Article ee of Covenant zz.

I.'irst Report on I'alestine Mandate considered

{lo.

Novenrber

ttr.

,lry I'ernranent Mandales Commission; "Complexity"

"Conflir:t of ln(cresls": 208-2r3, 288, 289.
I.nuslnnc'.1'rtrtly rtlilicrl : r39.

and

Palestine Government, Jewish Agency and

the provisions of the Mandate which involve

and conflict of interests i r4g'2or.

58-83, 2gg-3o7, gS.

I'ulostine Mnndate : Complexity and Conflict

by

other Jewish bodies, from the resolution of the Zionist Congress ( tgzr), the Statement of British Policy ( rgzz), utd

"l)aily l\{ail" Incluiry publislred

{t,

Palestine

Disturbances of August r9z9 presented to Parliament : Outbreak not against British authority as such: result of
disregard to legitimate Arab demands relating to Constitutional Government, Immigration, and Sales of Land, and of

c<-rrnplexity

May : Mandatory's Accredited Representative admits before

Permanent Mandates Commission their previotts oltservntion of November ry24, that Palestine Mandate was "com'
plexo' and involved "conflict of interests" and t'difficttl'
ties": zo9,2r3-215.
June 9: Mandatnry's Accredited Representative aserts before
Permanent Mandates Commission that the n.rarldatory tlbli'
gations in regard to the two sections of the pcople lre of
equal weight and that the two obligations arc not irrectln'
cilable; N'Iandates Cornrnission regitrd asst'rl irtttH to bo
essence of l)alestine }tlantlate and to enstlrc its ftrtttrc : :55.
October: Sir Johrr I'ilr1le Sinrps<trr's Rcprrrt ttn Intntigrtttion,
I.ancl Sctllentcnt ittttl I)cvclt4lnrcnt l)l'cscnt(xl to I)ttrlinmcnt;
Sullport,erl l'irrlianrenl itry Contntission cont:lttsirtns on tntrttet's
of irrrnrigrntiorr unrl lnntl ; l)ctuilcrl stutenrettts of dtlrttrl.urt's
by lltlentirte (ittvertrntenl, Jcwlsh Agcncy ttnrl otltcr Jcwlrrh

-_ IO

(r9zr), Stateof British Policy (rgzz), and certain provisions of

bodies from Resolution of Zionist Congress

nrent

90,

N{andate : zfi-248.
October z4: Statement of British Policy in Palestine : Based
on and reiterating the rgzz Statement and National Home
provisions in Mandate on vital questions of constitutional
Government, Immigration, and Jewish Agency; Mandatory
<letcrrnined to increase his forces and repress uprisals; A
Ltgislative Council to be established on lines indicated in
srrirl r9:z Statement (Iligh Commissioner and zz members,
oI wlrorn ro officials, and r2 elected) with intention to ensure
Irpprrintnrent of memberc failing to be elected on account of
rrorr-t:o-olltration. The Statement reproduced some of the

obscrvations contained in the Parliamentary Commission

I{cporl. and in Sir John Simpson's Report; an appeal for
rr rvilling t:o-opt'r'ittion i 2Sr-297.

A llonrlngc I Arr l,lxodus !!

r(r.t.t: ()rrr,Irrll uct'li ol (it'nt'ntl Strilie lly I'alcstirre
oI tlrr.ir' Il\rrrlirrncrrtal

Arabs in support

'fo l'oland, Russia, and Rouis adclerl ers a source of Jewish im-

<lcrtrancls.

nliuriir, rrow (lcnna,r.ry

rrrignrtiorr ilrto l'alcslinc

t48, 247-249.

294'

.l

rrrrc

ro: I)ccision to scnd a Royal

Commission to investigate:

)(.)4.
9.1

.f

rrly, :r;: l{oyrrl Comnrission forured and terms

iulrtounct'tl : 3o8, 3o9.

N.B.

DOCUMENTS

of

reference

OF

AND

ARGUMENTS

Figures to the right denote numbers of paragraphs and preceded

by "p" denote

pages.

.Iewish Aspect : Jewish religious and national aspirations, return to

Jerusalem and restoration of the Temple : ro7-rrr; "Ror-rte to trndia"
British policy : 116; Herzl's plan : rrg-r22; Zangwill's plan i r23;
Anglo-Zionist Scheme i r2g? 2gg-3o1; Balfour Declaration : t76, t77;
Treaty of Sdvres (Article 95): p.r4r; Palestine N{andate (Articles e,4,
6,7, rr,22) 237 25, z8) and Preamble: p. r48-r5z,p. 158-162.
Su.pported by

(r)
(z)

Quotations from "Palestine of the Jews": ro7-r39.

Quotations from "The \{andates System": r47.

Arab Aspect : British

pledges

to the Shereef of Mecca

6r-70;

Confirmation of these pledges by British Government and Allied Powers;

?r; Anglo-French Proclamation : 3o6; Covenant of League of Nations : p. r39-r4r; Iraq Mandate and Mandate for Syria and the
Lebanon i p. t43-r4?, p. 16z-165; The two Iraquian treaties: zz.
$upported by

Itulcsl inc .,\r'rbs cnragcd.

r()-1(,: Alrril rq: (.'orrrrrrencentcnt of the present general Arab Strike:
!).1

INDEX

"

(,

DesPo.tch

by

than "Nationa1 Home" but will

State"; Situation
should be abolished: 3o7.

"Jewish

"Ziorists demand nothing more

be satisfied with nothing less than a

Sir Louis Bols:

Intolerable; Zionist

Commission in I'alestine

(.2) "The Palestine Decepti,on" ("Daily Mlril" ln<ltriry):

British Government undertook to recognize an Independent Arlrb l)alcstine:

72-%; Balfour Declaration vague, dangerous, ancl int:ourltatilrlc witlr

Ironour and fairness i 2gg-3o7.
(:)

Parliomcntirl' (lonr.ntissittn Ilrporl: 'fhc Illtrltrtt Sltcret:f of

I,ll-Aqsa apcl tfie Tsntple : 1.5 r, rq2; .lcws wlrrl t|c Nlittttlitll irr Jxlt'petuity: r 5.3; 1n{ tvant a Jcwish state: r .54-r.5g; lr.ws r)tllsi(11 l'ith'slitte
ntcnaced: r.55; I'acstinc Aralrs lilie Aralrs of lritrl ittrtl 'l't'ittlsjorrllttt : r{rt;
\Verc :\r:rlrs rlcr:eiverl by (lrt:irl- llritailr : r (r5; llritish l\rlit'v lrlrr',r'rl ott
Il;rlftrrrr I)1:l;rrirlion: I7.5 llrrlfotrr l)ct:larltlion ltlts Iwrt corrllit:lirlg lrslrt:t:ls:
r7B, r7t;., l)ilfit'rrltit,s itrlrcrcrrt in llirlfour l)t'tlirrltlion ltttrl irt Xlltttrlittr:
11rprlt.ilrl1rl irr rr.,).,;: rllo; 'l'lrt, l9r: Slittt'ltlcttl of l\rlicy tlirl rr,rl rlt'litru

rillrl:, oI rroil-.f('wirll lr.r'liorrr : rr{o, .fr,rvs rlr,;xrr.l fr.orrr llr.ilislr l\rli1r, :.

r\r,'rr,i; ''l'lrl Nrrlionlrl llorrrr, lrrlily is rlrr, r.rrrrsc of Ar.irrr rlisrrppoilrtrrrr'rrl : rl'k;, rrlr: lnrtrigritliorr ;lrrrl slrlr,s of lrtrrrl rr rl:rrtgt,r 16 .\rit[s : r9l,
.'rrr; l'lrl.slirrc Alirlrs rrrril.rl irr rlt'nr:rrrrlirrg sclf-grvcrrrnrent: r 72, r67rl()i 'l'lrr,.y irrt,rrol r,rrcnrics lo (ir.clrt llritlrin : rgz.
(.t ) .,Sn' .lolut, lloftr" Simpsort's llt:port: Cultivated lancl available
ll'rrr
irr l,;rk:stine Arabs : 2r7-2tg, 23r-234; Settlement
,l .flrls irr'r,rlrrircrl
lrt't,r'rl:rrrcc wilh thc constitution of the Jewish Agency passed
;rl /,tnich ( r),,{t'css ( rgzg) scver.s Arabs from use of land ancl
orr:ls Ar';rlr lrrlrorrl rrrrrl irnrounls to a dtparture lrom the provisions of the
Al;rrrrlrrlt, : .'.r r-.,.t(); .f crvish lntlrrstry improper basis for immigration
f,rllrrrvirrll r'r',rrrrrricirl rrlrsollrlivc callacity:23s-24r; Jewish immigration
follou'.r pr,r'st'crrlion of Jcy,li in llurope: 247; A social and economic ex-

'lr.c.i

.1rt

irrrr,rrl

oI t;trcstiorurlllc vtrltrc a 243-21\.

(S) Alttttrlrtlt' ,S.vr/r'lr (;r l,r,irgLtc ol Nations publication):

rrI l,r,;rgrrl r,rnlrorlit,s lr;rsit. princilrlcs governing mandates ,
'l'r,t trrs .l l\l;rrrrllrlt, rlr,lirrt. llrr. NI;rrrrllrlory's trtrthor.ity; He may recede
l'rotrr lrr:i rrr;rrrrl;tloly olrlillirlions; Ilc rrriry have thent modified; League
('rrvr,trr,rr;tl

nur\, rr,\'rl\r. rr rrlrrtrllrlr,rrrrrl rrurv agrt't,to nro<lilicit.tiorts: r-7.

(rr;

lralesline },Ianclate a ,,]J,, and ,,C,, one

lvillt l,t'lrgtrt,'s (]ovenant : r4r-r44, r46; Jewish
N;rli,rr;rl ll,nrr,r';rrrsr,rl rlt'Plrrtrrre frorn Covenant r4Z; Arab territories
ur'r(.n(,t lr:rrr:ilt,r llrl lo l\lirnrlatories until Treaty of Lausanne v,ras ratifled
irr r,1.'.1 i r.1r;;! l,irrrslrnne I'reaty says nothing aborit h{aridate System :
r.l(,, ,\ Irrrrtl:rlcs in c[li:ct bcfore express renunciation oI sovereignty by
'l'ttt lir'1,' : r.1,;.

llitnrlults,S-t,.r/r.li

rrrrrl rrnl irr t rrrrlolrrril.y

llrilish
(r)

.,\specl,:

,'ilttlt'ttrtttl. rtl l'olict' (rgzz): State of unrest and uncertainty;

rlrll lo rlorrlrts lnd apprehensions; British Government do not
Irrvr'llrr,;rirn llrrl l'rrlcstine should become "as Je.,vish as England is
liirr,ili:;lr ':
Nor hirve lirey contemplateci the clisappearance or the subotrlitr;rliorr rri the Arabic population, language or culture in Palestine;
Iruul llr:rl l'rrlcsline as a whole should be con.,,erted into a Jewish National
llorrrl lrrrl srrth a Home should be founded "in Palestine": p. r53;

'li'rr.ri,,rr

T,ionisl (.'()ngrcss resolved determination of the Jewish people to live i,vith

llrr,.\r'lrlr pt'o1llc on terms of unity and mutual respect; Zionist Comtttissiorr is rrot to have a share in the administration: p. r54; All Pales-

litrl r ilizltrs; S;trr l{r,rrro ('rrrr[r,rrr.r.rrr,r, irrtrl Si.vrlr 'l'r.r,trl.V lr. lrllir.r.rrrcrl
llrrll'.ur. l)r,t llrr,;rlirrr: l)r.\,(,lr)l)nrr.nl o[ .fr,wislr N;rliorrrrl llorrrr, ir. rr,l
tlrc irrt;rosilirrtt oI lt.fr'lvislr nilli(]nitlily rr;xrn llrt,irrhtrlriltrrrls oI l,;rlr.slirrr:

;t'';t tvltolt', lrttl llrt'Irtrlltcr rh,vr,lolrrrr.rrl oI tlrr.r,xisling Jr.wish r.onrrrrrrrrily

rvillr lht' rrssisl;rrrct' of .f crvs irr ol lrt'r 1xrrr5 o[ tlrc wolltl ; 'l'lrt:rt.f rrrc it
nrrrsl lirrow lhlrt il is in l,:rk,slino;rs of riglrl iur<l not on srrffcr.irnr:t.; Irntni11r';rliorr rtol lo t,xt'r't'rl t,corrotrrit.t:lrllirt:it.y of lhc crnrnl.ry; Irersons
1',lilit';rll.y rrnrlcsir:tlrlo Io lrc exclurle<l: Slrcial corrrnrittee cntirely 9f
rnt'nrlrcrs oI I,c;lislativc (]ouncil for r.rrattcrs of immigration : p. r55;
Itritish (ior,t'nrurcnt gilvc lro uhrlt'rtaliing for irnmediate establishment oI
:rrr irrrlt'pcrrrlt:nI nutional government in l]alestine. Palestine not covered
lr-y prorrrise to recognize and support Arab independence; In special
r irt'rrrrrslanccs of Palestine self-government to be accomplished by gradual
slirg('s: Irirst stel> lvas Advisury Council: p. rS6; Second stelr
I,r'gislirtivc (iruncil proposed; After a few years the situation will lrc
rt'vit:werl, and a larger share of authority extended to elected representives
o[ llrc yrcople; On co-operation stand future progress and prosperity:

l).

r57.

(z) Statement tuith regard to Palicy in Palestine (May, r93o):

I'trlcstine Mandate difficuities, complexity and conflict of interests are
irrlrcrt:nl | 2og; Certain unsatisfactory features, as pointed ollt in the
l';rrlianrentary Commission's Report: zro; Since rgzz the adrninistraticn
hrrs llcen cor.rducted on general lines laid down in the Statement of that
lrr

_v(';il'

2 r.5.

(S) $taternent ol British Policy i,n Palestine (October, r93o):

('orrncil of League of Nations approved Permanent Mandates Commission's
t'or.rrnrent on l{andatory)s tlvo assertions that his obligations in regard to
lhe tlo sections of the popuiation rvere of equal weight, and that the trvo
r:lrliga,tions were not irriconcilable: 255; First 8 paragraphs practically a
rr'lrclition of essential parts of the rgzz Statement and of Articles 2,4,6,9,
r.J, r5r and rr of the Nlandate aii being the fundamental questions (Nalional Ho.me, Immigration, and Jer,r,ish Agency) : 263-265; Forces increased
and will be increased: 266; Constitutional Development in gradual stages
rrrrci on basis laid down in lhe rgzz Statement of Policy:. 267: Bri.tish
(|oacrtmr,etct admits: (a) No iands available for new immigrants: z7r.
(b) State.Lands required for "landless Arabs": z7z" (c) Lands 3,oco,eqo
dnnams less than is required for Arab peasants: 273. (d) Condition of
Arab fellah leaves much to be desired:274. (e) Not provecl that Jervish
settlement has not created a "landless class": 275. (f) Jewish settle-

14-.-

ment transforrns lands into Jewish inaiienable domains and ousts Arab
labqur: 275. (g) Conduct of Jewish Agency contrary to Ziunist Congresb resolution that Jews should iive with Arabs on friendship and mutual
respect, and takes no account of provisions of Article 6 of Mandate i 275.
(h) witho,t effecting a more methodical agricuitural deveropment no
additional agricultural settlement possible consistently with conditions
Iaid down in Article 6 of Mandate; and the result desired will not be
obtained except by years of work ; 27g, z8o. (i) Tenant fellaheen not
protected and not securerd against ejectment : z8r. (j) Ascertainment
of title and work of settlement need to be accelerated z8z, (li) Falestine should be self-supporting : 284. (l) Weaknesses in existing system of
regulating immigration revealed; no effective control in regard to selection

of immigrants. Illicit immigration has been going on : z86. (m) hnmigration under influence of a powerfui lewish Federation whose policy
is to introduce in Palestine a new social order. Although the Palestine
Government is the deciding authority a modus vivendi is required to be
establisherl ltctivcen (iovernnrent and Jer,vish Agency

z86-288.

f,egal Aspect : I,Iandate

e,

136;

system a novel political experiment : r"

Sovereignty over mandated territories not settled i 2, 13: r3g;

laid down in Article zz, League's Covenant, and no sanction

provided:. z, 4) r37; Recession from and modification of rnandatory
obligations possible i 4, S, r45, 18-25; League can revoke a mandate
and can modify its ternis : 5, r45; Paragraph + of Article zz only
provision governing territories detached from Turkey : t4r-r44; FalesSystem

tine Mandate not. in accordance with said paragraph

i 6-8,2615,

147;

Neither San Remo Conference decision (April, rgzo) nor Sdvres Treaty
(August, rgzo) could defeat provisions of Article zz,League's Covenant :
r3g, p.r3g, r4r; Sdvres Treaty which purported to give effect to San
Rerno decision regarding re-affirmation of Balfour Dpclaration and allotment of mandates was never ratifled b,.rt proved abortive and its contents
invalid : B-ro, p. r54; Only treaty of peace with Turkey Treaty of
Lausanne (signed lu[y 24, r9z3) ratified in rgz4 r rr-16, p. 165; This
treaty said noihing about Mandates : r4o; Neither by A,rticle 16 nor
by any other provision in this treaty did Turkey renounce in favour of
I,caguc, High Parties contracting or any specific Power her sovereignty over
It:r'r'itrrrils lir'1lt orrtside boundaries defined : r39, p. r65. Article r6 of this
ln':r1.,'lr'Il ftr{rrrt'oI thcsc territorics, including Palestine, for settlement bv
"itrllllslr'rl p:r lils", lort.rrrosl oI lvlrollt wotr]<l he the ttbommunity forrr-rerly
Irllrrtr,,irrli 1,, 'l'rrtl,i,lr l'lrrrlrirt"' oI lvlrottt I'ltlt':rlirtc r\t'rtl.r:-; t:ottstiltrt.ctl thc

r5

,],,uj:litl: rr-r6;

Balfour Declaration and any obligati,n rr.lrrtirrg

t, rr
National
Home
in parestine contrary to 4th paragrallh ,f Artrr,rn
'lcwish
.r,
l,elrgre's covenant, and release therefrom
should be ,ecu,cd ,s st rlrrr,rr,rl
irr Art. zo of Covenant:
36-42; r,eague Council had n. jurisrllt,llrrr ,rr
tlrt'z4th ,f Juiy, rg22 to confirm and define terms
of rralestinc r\4rr,rLrrr,
r). r.59; ,{ssuming jurisdic'.ion, council was not enablecl to <:onlirrrr
rrrrl
rk'lirrr' l.rrrs for pare-stine Mandate based
.

.,,rrl*r'.y

l.

on Balfour l)ecl*rrrri.rr

League's covenant and not providing for rec.grriti.n

,f

irrr,lr,

,,r.,rr-

rrrr,ily f,rmerly belonging to Turkish Empire ,,as .rn ,,i,lrrr,1x"rurorrl

i,ll ": tt5-92 ; Palestine Mandate also invalid on
accoul.rt of ,,t:orrrirL.xlly,,
:rrrrl "r'rrnllict of interests,,; zog_2r5, 256_z5g;
Approvul lry ],r,lt,{rtt
(',rrr|il .f Mandatory's own assertions that his
manclatory,,bliglrri,rrrs rvr,r'
tutl

"l

|rlrr;rl $'eight and that the two obrigations were not

irr.r.t.glr.ilrrlrh,rrrrr

rrul

l'r'nlr)\rc "r:ompiexity",

"conflict of irrterests" rror irtr. ,,rrflrr rrr

lrr''," irrlrIr'r'rrr in the mandate which has proved impnrcticllll,irs

r.r,llnrrrr,rl

l,r

Nlrrrrrl;rlot.-v's o\vn statements

z6o,

z6r, zgg,

zgg.

-- rfi

PART
is inualid in the presence of Article
5 af the Treatg of Lausanne, cnd, Article 2.., and. the f ourth
paruEraph af Article zz of the Couenant of the League of
tr-he Falestine Mandate

cn ,,A', Mandate, Great

Britoin ds q parta ta the couensnt of the League should haue
pr<tcured her rc{ease fuom the Balfour Declarstion.
Great
llritain's pledge to King Hussein was consistent toith trte
Cauenant and did "not exclude,, palestine.

llotians. It is not formulated

Gs

"----'.--ut;{arz-

,*"

League of Nations Obligations.

l.

The League of Nations is an ,,effort to broaden the basis

,,1 l-rc;rcc and to lessen the chances of war.,,
It is not a separatc
('r'll,lnization existing apart from and above the
states of wlrich
rr is composed. trt is international but not supernational.
Exccpt in cases of trreach of faith by resort to war, fairure
r,r .rs..rt its decisions or recornxnendations involves no penalty.

A Mandate involves,,national,, responsibility.

:!. 'l'l:c nrandatc s)rstem is a ncw conccption ancl a
1,.'l it

Map showing the iallacy of the plea that Palestine was t'excludedt'
from the British Pledges of r9r5' See Para. 5e (Part I) and
Paras. 7z-83 (Part II)"

ic.rl cx1>crimcrrt

novcl

'l'lris sysrc,r \i'JS cn'nciatcd

as a spccilr rlcvicc r. st>rvc a
tlr('rr cxisliull prt>lrlcnr wilh which thc Allicct a,d
Associatc{
l',r11'1'1'" wcre c()lrl'.r.rtctl .rr tllc crrtl .I rhc
witt wlrcn tllc rr<lrtt7

rg

T'urkish provinces of the Ottomair Empire were still under

military occupation and administtation.
is not a system of internationai responsibility but one
of national responsibility subject to international supervision.

It

Princilrles Governing Mandates"

3. The well-bcing and development of the peoples

of

"The character of the rmatdate must differ according to

the stage of the developrnent of the people, the geographical
situation of the territory, its economic conditions and other
simiiar circumstances." This is the third paragraph of the
said Article.

In thc casc of "A" Mandates the wishes of the comrnunity

ol'tlrc nr.rrrtl.rlcrl lcrritory urust bc a principal consideration in
llrt'stlt'etion ol llrc rrr.rntl.rtory'. 'l'lris is cxpressly laid down
irt llrc loru tlr 1>.rr.rgr.rplr ol' Iltc saicl Article.
'l'lrc rlcgrcc t"rf .rutlrority, control, or adminisftattor- in a
r-nandated tcrritory is defined by the Council of the League of
Nations.

"A"

Mandatory Otrligations : Recession

4.

Based on the above principles the

stand

from-.

follorving conclusions

(a) A Mandatory

Power can without undergoing any

penalty recede from ail or any of its obligatioirs under a
mandate.

mandated territories constitute a fundamental principle of the

mandatory system,
This is explicitly laid down in the first paragraph of
Article zz of the Covenant of the League of Nations'
The acceptance by an "advanced nation" to undertake the
responsibility of a mandatory is one of the conditions expressly
laid down in the second paragraph of the said Article of the
Covenant.

The Communities of

t9-

to be recogntzed
as independent nations subject to the rendering of administrative
advice and assistance by a I\4andatory. This is an explicir
provision in the fourth paragraph of the said Article.

(b)

Such recession is not oniy possible but entirely

justifiable, if not imperative, in the case of a mandatc
which does not comply with principles set out in Article
zz af the Covenant of the League of Nations.

fhe position is not

altered by the fact that the tcrms o[.r

M.rndate have been defined by the the Council of the League or

Itrrrrrulated by the Mandatory and confirmedby such Council.

Terrns of a Mandate : Alteration

of-.

5.

As rn alternative to an entire recession from the obligaliorrs o1' a Mandate such obiigations can be altered by tlrc
( orrncil cspecially if the alteration is desired by the Mandatr.rry
.n tlrc lincs of the principles laid down in Article zz ol'tlrc
( 'ovcn,lrrt ol' thc League of Nations.
'l'lris urnst be all the more possible in the case of .r nr;rnrlrtc
l()r'nrul.rtccl by the Mandatory Power itself and only conlirnrccl
lry tlrc (.ouncil.

'l'lris possibility must coincide u,ith imperativcncss in tlrc

(,r:,(, ()l .r nr"tndatc which as formulated by tlrc Manciatt>ry
,'rrrlr.,tlicrl oblig.rtions which arc not conrprtiblc witlt tlrr,
,rt,r'ir;i,,rrs ol Articlc zz of the Covcu;rut ol'thc Lr.rguc.
f
l):rlesl,inc N'Ianrlirl,c Conlr':rr'.r' lrr
(lovenanl ol' l,c:rgtre ol' Nirl.iorrs.

i\,landates are

ll. l'lris

is tlrc

c.rsc

ol llrc l).rlcstirtc lt{.rrttl,rlc vr,lrcrcitt

lltc

li,rllorl I)r't l,rr',rtiort ll.rlicy tottstitut('s .ltt o[rviotts Pt'ovisiott itt

l,r\'(rur ol tltt"',lr'wislr l't',rple" rtl lltc n,t,tltl tt, llo otl tlrr' :.1tlr

-2a-

of July, rgz2, u.hen this rrrandate was confirmed by the Council

af the League, urerc not the "community formerly belonging
ro the Turkish Empirc" and were in no sense a communitg ci
the territorg o{ Palestine.
This provisioir, itself ulua uires a*d entire\y foreign to
the principies laid down in Article zz of the Covenant of the
Leagwe eannot supply any justification of any depafiures frorn
tirose pririciples, narnely : (a) the well-being and devetropment
of the people of thc rnandar-ed area, and (b) the recognition of
the community, of the territory of an "A" mandate as an"
"independent nation".

7.

The situation is not in the least altereri by the fact that

the confirmation of the Palestine Mandate cr:nstituted a recognirion by thc Prirrcip.rl Allicrl l)orvers of the "lristoricatr connection
,,1'tl:c Jcwislr I't'oplc u'itlr Palestinc arrd of the grounds for
rt'cons(itutin1q tlrcir nationaI lrollc in this country."
'l'his statcurcr-rt vriricir occurs in the preamble of the
l)alestine Mandarc, as con{irrncd in l g22, was itself a part of
thc "linal draf.t" of tgzr fou"nulated by the Mandatory himself.
'lhe Covenant of the League of Nations had fully come into
fcrce on the roth of Janriary, rgzo,
Article

95

of Sevres ?reaty eontrary to Covenant.

B.

Nor can the situation be said to have been altercd by the

fact that in Section VII of the Treaty of SEvres differentiation
r\ras made as between Syria, Iraq and Palestine. That
differentiation itseif was a flagrant violation of the Covenant
cf the League of Nations.

This abortive Treaty r,vas signed on the r oth of August,

rg2a, viz. several months after the Covenant of ttrre League had
ccme into force.
Ttrus Article 94 of this Treaty refers to Syria and Iraq
irr terms entirely conrprtibtc witll the fourth 'p;rragraplr of

,'\rticle zz of the CovenanL and recognizes thern as "independent

litates." This Articie expressly states tkraf [his recognition is
"in accordance with the fourth paragraplt of Articte zz of tba
(.ovenant of the League of Nations."
It is only this fourth parugraph of Articie zz of tha
(.ovenant that refers to "communities formerly belonging to
r lre Turkish Empire" and this automaticatrly covers and includcs
''Palestine." It must then foltrow that any provision in thc
'l'reaty of Sdvres not explicitly based on this fourrh paragraph
,,[ this Article cannot be claimed to be "in accordance with" or
' in application of" the provisions of Article zz of the Covenant'

Article 95 of this Treaty is not at all based on the fottrtlt

l',rragraph of Article zz of, the Covenant, but explicitly claims
r,r lrc an "application of the provisions of Art. zz" although
l'.rlcstine, being a teftLtory "formerly belonging to the Turkish
lirrrpirc" is not in any way excluded frorn the scope of thc
l,lrrth paragraph of this Article which alone deals with the
' ronrnrunities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire."
'l'lrus while in Article g4 of this Treaty the parties "agrec
t lr.rt Syr i.r and I:.aq shall in accordance with the fourtlt
l,,rr.rl,ir.,rlrf r oI Article zz be recognized as independcnt Statcs",
llrl r;,rrrrc partics in Article 95 only "agrcc to cn(r'ttsl , tly
.rl,grlit,rtion of the provisions of Article zz, tbc adrrinistmlion
,,1 l),rlr'slirtt: tcl a fulandatoty"
I\lrrrrlrrlor'.y :rdnrits : I)alestine "nol. icqs advanccd" thlrrr
S),1'ia or Iraq.

:1. 'l'lris viol;rtion oI tllc fourtlr

prr.rgr';rplt oI Articlc r; is
r, rrrh'r'r'rl ,rll tlrc nrtlrc fl;rgr.rnt. by tllc rtlnrissi()n ()lr tltc 1r.tt't .l
tlrr'/\l.rntl,rtot'y lor I)llcstinc tlrr[ [).tlcstills c()nsl itutccl jl c()nt
,,rrrrril y irr rro w,ry tlillcrcnl to Iltlt ol' lt.tr1 r,t' Syl'i.t. 'l'lus
.',lrnr:,:iion ir; clc.rlll'rrr.rtle lrl,tlre M,utrl.tt,,r1'ltlr I),tlcs( ittt irt
tlrr'lottt'llr p,tt',r11r',r1llr,rl ,r lct(t'r',trl<lt't'ss.'rl lrv llrt Sr',t't'l,lt'y ,,,

for the Colonies to the Palestine Arab Delegation dated'

the rst of March, rg22, wherein the foregoing Articles of the
Treaty of Sdvres are specifically discussed. The admission
State

therein made was the considered and reasoned opinion of the

British Government. trt occurs on page 6 of the "Correspondence with the Palestine Arab Delegation and the Zionist
arganization" presented to the British Parliament in June,
rg22, as Cornmand Paper No. lToo :
Tlrrrt: is rro rlrrsslion r,I lrc:rting tlrt: pcoplc of Palestinc ts less advanced
then ilrcir nt:iglilrours in Irrrrl anrl Sylia; the position is that ltris Majesty's
(]o.,,rrnr.rrcnt lrlu bound to rr lllctige r,vhich is atrt,-'ccdent to the Covenant of
the l,ca,:uc of Nation-s lnd tirey caunot allow a constittttional position to
rlevelop ili a country {or rvhich they have accepted lesponsibility to the
Principal Allierl Forvers, lvhich rnay make it impracticable to carry into effect
a solemn unciertaking given by thcmselves and their Allies.

The French text of this expression is "lcs ittttitt's';rrs" rvtllt

rrt> mcntion whatever of the term "parties".
This argument gains strength when we ttlrll to Atlrtlrl 7
.rrrrl [] of the Lausanne Treaty urhich speak ol'"lltc v,tliottr
\t,l(cs concerned" and "the various States intercst ctl" ( "lt':r l'l,tln
rrrtlrcsses") anC to Article z8 where we read of " l'lre lliylr
( ( )nl r;lcting Parties" ( "Les Hautes Parties contr.lct,tttlcs" )
In [hc last ciause of Articie 5 we read of "llrc p,tt'lirr r.tt
r r'r rrr'rl" rvbich in the French text is explicitly Irrotrlilrt r rttl 'lr

'l

16

t)5

10. '[hc

'l'urkey.

of Ltrttsanne Treaty suceeeded Artieles

and lil? of Abortive Ifreaty of Sevres'
"solcnrtr tindertaking" was none but the "declara-

Article

construed to refer exclusively to the Powcrs rtllkirlfi l)r',tt c wtllt

,',,

l ',r r I

I rt'rrt lr is fcrrrir-rine in gender.

I irrrit.rtion to "parties" to the Trcaty

tion originally nrade by the British Government, and adopted

by the other Allied Porvers in favour of the establishment in

rrr

Palestine of a national horne for the Jewish people", as explicitly

stated in the abovesaid Article 95 of the Treaty of Slvres.

I'r,', ltttlr'tl.

should, however, be rernembered that Article i6 of

tbeTreaiy of Lausanne which was signed on the z4th of Jaly,
rg23, abrogated the r,vhole of Section VII (including Articles
g4-gi as well as Articie r3z of theTrcaty of SEvres.
12. By Article r6 of the Lausanne Trcatry Turkey simply
renounced all her rights and title to Syria, Iraq and Palestine
without specifying the party or parties in favour of whom such
renunciation \ ras made.

concerned."

'l'lrc

u,r>r'tls

" prrrtit':; ('(t1cct'nc(1" in this Articlc c.trtrtot

bE

is, tlrt'rr'lolr',

r'tllitlly

iclc l6 of Lausannc 'I'reaty rescrvcrl llill'ltl

ol' scll' I)etermination to l)eo;lltls ol' 'l'r't't'ilot'iox
rlt'luchetl I'rorn Tut'key.'l'his'l't't'ttl.v lcrrrll!'
.\r'(

11. It

Special attention is invited to the concluding clause of the

first paragraph of this Article which refers to the "future of
these territories" as "being settled or to be settled by the pa(ties

ics in( 6rcss6es."

l:i. 'l'o cor-nplete this argument attention is rrrvitctl tl lltr'

l.rt I tlr.tt tIlc term "intdresstis" as occuring irr Articlt' r (r ol tltr'
I rt'rrt lr 'l'cxt, is in the rnasculin gender. 'I'llc woltl "p,ttltr"'

precetled l'alest,ine Nlltlttlttlr'.

Articlc r6 oI thc'l'rc.rty of l.,ttts,tttrtt'liivt's lo lllr'tolll

nnlnrl),,r1'llrc tcrritory of l)"rlcst inc tllc rililrt ol lrciltll tr'r,,y,ttiz,'tl
.r'..ur lrrtlr'prrtrlct.tt Iratiol'l in accordrrttcc witlt tlrt'lotttllt;l.tt,t
i,r,r1,lr ol Alliclc zz ol'the (.ovcrt,tttt ol lltt'l.t',r;1tt,'r,l N,tltott'r

ll.

15. 'llrt',rrrly tilltcr 1tr.,-,visiorts ol tltt"l'r(',lly ()l l,tttr,tttttr'

lr,,,rrltl Irr'irtvokctl .ts t'clct,.tttI irt ,ttry w.ty ln lltn rlttr lltrhlrrll
rr,,rrlrl lrr' Atliclcs :.r ;rrttl :7.
I lrlrc is, lttrtt't't't't', rtotlrirtp, irt lllt'st' ltt'o Atlrt lr'r tlt.tl
,,,rrl,l l,r' (()nsllue(l l().(()rlflict rvitlt, tottlr,rrlitl, ()l lll .llly \\'.ly
rr,.rrr(l. lltt' lr)r((, ()l llrl l.rst,l,rns,',,1 lltc lrr'tl l).ll,tt1l.rltlr,tl
rvlrr,

Article r6 to the effect thar : ,,.[e

sor[ de ces territoires,,
"6tant 16916 ou d 6tre
r6gl6par tres int6ress6s,,.

16'

w'hen this. Treaty was signed, ttre

Mandate for patrestine
had not yet come into f orce.
Tilis[rlana ate catr,e into force o^
the zgth of September, rg23.

is, moreover, an established principle

that in respecr
"comrnuniries formertry
belonging ro rhe Turkish Empire,,
the formuration of a mand'ate
ro"u.'.onnrrned by the council
of the League of Nations is
a matter of auxiliiary significance.
The essenriar provision in the
fourch paragraph of Articre
zz of the Covena nt is the recognition
of tirn ,o**rrir,, o, oo
independent nation.

That is why in the case of trraq

the ,,community,,
,,independenf
recognized, as an
State,,, by Great

herself a pafiy to rhe abortive

*rurr.f S}lrrur.
That recognition was borne out

rras

Britain,

rgzr Final Dtaft of the t.rq ntrrrauru.by the preamble to rhe

But instead of having
such rnandate confirmed.by
the Couricitr of the L.ugo.,-,
Tru^rr,
and ceftain agreements

were conctruded lvith the "nation,,

whose
ce had. been so ,roofn;*a,
and
such
treaty arcd,
agreemenrs were subrnitted
by dle Mandarory ro ," ;;;r";;;
lr,l. council ,s :'giving.ff..t to arolrr- zz of thecovenantr of
the League of Nations.,,
independen

Terrns of a Mandate SuNrject,

to &Iodification.

18'
sef

Tirc principle of thc rrodinc.rrion

of a lv{anclare
ou( irr Ar{icrr' r g trr'trlc IV{.rrrd.r(.,
1'or syria and'trrc

'-

for palesrine. Both articrcr

,,"0fr1i,,.""J;ird:t.|:#:?.il,x,ffih?:ue

"A,, Mandates rnay

19. The duly

17. It

first

and,in Article z7 0f the Manda

read as follows :

-_

of Nations is requirccr for nrry

be substituted by a Treaty.

independent

State of Iraq h.rr

-recagnized
been admitted', at the
request or the-British Mandatory
rrirnsctf
as a member of the League

Recognition of Community
as an ..Xndependent
Nation', is F.irst Esseniial Requisite
in an
"A" Mandate.

of

25

is clearly

l-cbarron

of Nations.
Likewise the Mandatory for
Syria is now negoriating witt
the "independent nation" constitu;ing
the community of trris
terdtory a ueaty on the lines
of the Anglo_Iracli.rn Trcrly.
lVlandatory's desire only rnain
requisite fot
or alteration and modification
of terrns of mandate.

reeession from

20' The only main requisite for a

comprete rcccssi.rr r-ronr
the obligations undertrk.r, i.,
a mandate or for a partiar r.(,ccssion
f;:orn, ar alteration and modification,
of suclr obligatiorrs is t.c
desire of the party which
chose to acceptsuch obligations.
2L. In tlre case of Iraq, this desire
on rhc parr ol. r hc
I4andatory was first expressed
and acted upon in rg.rr, thu
same year in which the Finar
Draft of trrc Mancrate I..-r. r.r,1
had been formulated and presented
to the British parliarrrcnt.
fraq

is.

a Conclusive precedent.

22. This precendent is cletailed

on pages r3_r4 of a p;rmby the Lcaguc of Nations in February,
rg27,
entitled "The
phtret issued

Mandatc Sy$rcm,, fron.r wl:ich

thc lbll.rrr,,in1;
quotations are made :
J'he I}.itislr (lo
. ,r rrr; fr n,irrrrr, rr, n,,'il,lli'""l,,"ill,l: ;?,::,:llill;]'il;,j,1:1,,]J;,ll],il,:l
lrislrcr, irrf,rrrr.rr rrrt. (',rrrrr.ir
trurt trrt, ,,v..rwrr,,rrrrirrg rrr,sirr,
lrlr4rlt.oI lr.trrl [or. llrr, l.or.rrurliorr ol.;r rurliorr;rl (iovr,rrrrrrr.rrl. ,I r.ru.
trrrrllr irrr
.\r.;rlr r.rth,r.lt;rrl h.rl lri:; (iovr,r.rrntr,rrl
l,r llrl r.,rrrr.lu:iiorr llltl il.i olrlig.r.

li.rr. ri :'r-r,i:; llrr, l,r,;r1..irrr, (.()u'l(l lx,ril lir, rli,;r.lrlrr.gr.rl il tlrr, ;rlirrr i;rlt.:;
ulriilr tlrt'.y n'slcrl w('r'('('nrl)r)(li('(l in ir rrt,lrry o[-Allilrrrtc lrt,rwt,r,rr
(irt'irt I.jritain and IriLtl. 'l'his 'l'r.t:lrt_1, rvtrs t.ont.lrrtlt.rl on Or:toltcr ro,
r922, and communicated to the l,t,ague. It r,vas later completed by

0tr

a Protocol signed on October 3c., tg231 ancl four subsidiary agreements

dated Nlarch 25) 1924. These Documents rvere summarised by the
British Goyernment in a communication to the Council def,ning ii;s
obligations to the League in respect of the applical-ion of Article zz
of the Covenant. This communication was approved by the Council

Gn Septernber 27, 1924, as giving effect

to Article zz of

the

Covenant.
I,'ifteen months later, or.r Deceirber 16, r925, the Council having
nndertaken to settle the questiot.r of the frontier between Turkey and
fraq, took a decision giving to Iraq the greater part of the territory
in dispute. It invited the British Government, in accordance with
the recommendation of a Special Commissiorl of Enquiry known a$
the ]Iosul Cor.itmission-to subrnit a new tleaty with lraq, ensuring
iire continuation r>f the ntanclatory regimc for twenty-live vears, unless
lritrl becanre iL Mernber of thc I,eague i1t an eariier date. The British
(lovernment, as Mar.rdatory, was lurther invited to lay before the
Council the measures to be taken u,ith a view to providing the Kurdish
population with the guarantees of locai adr:rinistration recommended
by the Commission of Enquiry.
On March 2T rg2S) the British Government communicated to the
Council the text of a new Anglo-Iraq Treaty and intimated that it
considered itself as bound by its engagement ol rgz4, so long as the
nerry treaty remained in force. On N,Iarch rr, the Council approved

this

communication and pronounced definitive

its

decision of

December r6, r925.

On November 8, 1926, the Permanent Mandates Commission

considered the first report of the British Government on the
adrninistration of Iraq in the presence oI Sir Henry Dobbs, High
Commissioner for that territory.
IlXandatory's desire to recede or alter and
modify may originate in desire of people

of mandated territory or in nature of

obtrigations.

23.

Ttrre expression

of the

desire should

not

necessarily be

.r risirrg

ol rt'\'tllttliort irt tlrt' rtt.tttrl,tlt'rl

2,1. lt

lt't t'ilot'y',

lrrt'tt ptovcrl (Vitle l',tt,t. ,,p ltclr'.tltot't')

(lovcrrrnrcnt
.ls l'.rr [l.tck,ts tltc t(rllr ol M,ttrlt,
tlr.rt tllc []ritisll
r : z, ,rtl nrittcd th"rt tllc 1re oplc ol' l).rlcst inc wct'e ltol llrl ,ttl
v.rncccl tlrrn thcir ncigbbours in lrrtl ;rrrrl Syri.t,tttrl tlr,rt lltly
tlcnr.rnclcd a (lonstitutional (iovcrull'rcnl,
lr,rs .tlrc.ttly

r,1

25. 'l'his desire moreove r, lnay wcll ;trisc ltottt lltl t'r't y
nature of the mandatory obligations irntl 1l,trl it'ttl,tt'ly wllrtt
such obiigations are, on impartial scrutirry, Iotttttl lo lrr'rr]ttl,'.tty
to the Covenant of the Leagtte of Natittns ot', lol ()tl(' t'(',tfrotl (rt

the other, rrnpractlcabTe.

Palestine Mandate evades I'ourllt l)lnqllllth
of article 22 of Covcnlnl,,

26. By way of illustrating how thc I);rles(irtc

M.tttrl,tlr'

actually embodies obligations entirely repugnant lo lltr'( ovltt,tttl

of the League of Nations, refererlce may bc tttrrlc lo tltc M,tttrl,tlr
for Syria and the Lebanon to ascertain tlre markcrl tlifl crctttr,llr()n
made as between Palestine and the said neighbourinl,, lt't'tilottr"r
notwithstanding the admission of the British Covcrrrrrtt'rrl llt,rl
the "people of Palestine are fiot.less advanced".
Thus whereas such Articles as 5, 8, 9, t o, l 2, r (), r(), ,r r,
24,26,27, and zB of the Palestine Mandate are, to thc lcttcr',
identical with Articles 4, 5, 6,7, ), tz, 13, t4, 17, zo, rtl ,rrrtl
r9 of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, a markctl rlis
tinction is observed between the two mandates as regartls lltt:
application of the provisions of the fourth paragraph of Articlc
22 af the Covenant of the League of Nations.

27. The preamble to the Palestine Mandate

claims only to
the Covenant by

give effect to the provisions of Article zz of

entrusting to a Mandatory the administration of the territory
of Palestine without afly specific refercnce to the fourtlr
paragrapt) of this Artictre.

_29_

_ :.1 .-

But on the other hand we find that the preamble to the

Mandate for syria and the Lebanon entrusts the territories of
syria and the Lebanon to a Mandatory power which is required
to advise, assist, and guide the populations of these territories
in their own administration in accordance with the terms of
paragraph 4 of Article zz of. the Covenant of the League of
Nations; the text being as follows :
whereas the Principar Ailicd powcrs have agrced that the territory of
Syria and the I,cbanori, which lormcrly bclonged tc the Turkish- U*iriru,
shall, within such bou,cla'ics as may be fixed by ihe said powers, l"
to a Mandatory charged with the duty of rendering administrative advice
"niru'itea
and
assistance to the population, in accordance u,ith t-he provisions of Article 22
(paragraph 4) of the Covenant of the league of Nitions.

Falestine Mandate sXlecifies Paragraph I but

does not specify Paragraph 4 of Articne 22

of

Covenant.

28.

Amcntion is cspccially irrvited to the specific mention of

the fourth paragraph of Article zz of the Covenant.
In this connection it may be mentioned that the above
cnumerated identical Articles of tl:e two mandates may be said
to be an application of paragraph 8 of the said Artictre zz of
the Covenant as actuaily indicated in each of tire two respective
preambles.

29. This observation cefiainly supports the inference that

the Palestine Mar:,dare in failing to specify the fourth paragraph
of Articie zz of the covenant made it impossible for any intelligent reader to claim that the provisions of the fourth paragraph
of Article zz of the covenant have been given eflect to or in

any way applied.

No State in Palestine : only a Bfandatory.

30. Article r of the Palestine Ivlandate confers upon

the

Mrnclatory full powcrs of legislation and of administration to

tlre cxclusi,rrr, i, this Articlc, a'cl thronghout the whole of the
otltct ,tt'l rt lt':;, ,,1 ,tlty l('t'nl ()l l)l)t,1,,(, ,,t' r.xpr.e.;si., clpablc of

being construed as a recogrlition of the community

of palcstirre
as am "independent nation,,.

This is not at ar the case with the mandate for syri,r ,rrrrr
tlre Lebanon the rst Articie of which crearry rcquircs rrrc
J\4andatory to estabtrish within three years time "consr.itur
a
i.rr,,
for these territories in which the rights, interests and wisrrcs,r,
all the population of syria and the Lebanon are s.rfcgu^rttr,tr

and u'hich should faciritate the progressive deveropmcnr

.rr syrr.,
and the Lebanon as ,'Independent States,,; thc
tcxt bcirrg .r

Iollows

The l4andatcr], sh3,Jl fr.unrc, u,iilrin ir lrt.r.iorl ol. llrr.r.r.

\.r i,t,1 lr,,tn llr,
cru,ing into force of ti:is,:r:rdr:tc, il, ,r';,;111i,'r;rrv
r,,r.s'ri,r .r,rr rrr. r,,.rr,rrrrrr
'Ihis organic lar,' shall i:e fr"amccl in agrr.enrcnl rvillr llrr. nrrli'r.
rrrllr,rllI r
ir'd- sirail ta-he into arccuilt trLe- rigirts,' r.,i,1,,,.tr,
:rrrr u.i rr.ri .r rril rrr,,
ll.pulation i'habiting the saicl territorr,. Thc M;LnrLrl,rr. :.1,:rli l,,,it 1,,.,1
u,,,,, t
irlcir.sures to facilitatr the pr.cgressive ilevr.lopnrcnt
oi Sliirr ,,,,,1 ri,,i i,,.1,,,,,,,,,
;r:r independer,t state-s..penarng trrc corni,g irrr.
cfft.r.r ,I rlrr.r,rlirrrrir rrrrr,,
llrc Govcrnmei;t cf Syria and the l,et.,anor'itutt bc r:rrrtlrrr.lerl
i,, ,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,
u,ith the spirit of this mandate.
The Mandaioiy shail, as I:rr as circrrnrst:rnr.t.s;rt.rrrril, r.rrrolt,rlir,

;rrrtortomy,

l,rll

;il' The same conclusion is also war';rrl('(r rry lrrr,r,xpri.it

the expression "the Administrati.n .f l).rlr,,,r irr,," irr nrrtlr
rt,i
of
the Palestine Mandate as Articlcs 6, 7, t t, t,/, rll, r0,
t,,f
',).,(l 23. Read in the light of Articlc r, tlrr,:r,rrrl .rrtir,lr.r
, rrti'cly negate, and conflict with, thc I.ur.l
lt 1,,,.,rgr..r;rlr ,1,
r',,'r'l

i\ r ticlc

zz of the Covenant of the Lcaguc ol' N.rtions,

'l'hey constitute tlre.l\4a,ciatory

Pr>wcr irst,l[.rs tlrt, ( r,r,cr.rr

rrrr,111 11f

the mandated territory.

'l'lris is defi,itely pro'ecl by

llr. [;rct rlr,rt rlrr. s, r,rllr.rl
( r,r:ili(rti.n of Pirlcstine is ,or !rirrg [rrrt ,r l,r\r,
rr,lrlr. .rrrrl r,rr.rr rrrl
l,r I lis Majcsry thc I(ing of Cre.tt IJrit.rin ;lrrrl st ylr.tl tlrc
' I'.rlr'sI inc Or<ler-in-(]ouncil".
l'lrc f.rct lh.rt tllis ('r),lcr'rc,I c.rrrrc inr. t,xi:rrr,rr, r. .rs hr
l',rr L .l:; llrc yclr r()-ll, l.rrg bcItlrc tlrc M.rrrrl.rr* r'.r.
l,,rlr.sr inc
r '"(' irr() l('rc(' tllis r,re t i(st'I r.rrsrilrrtctl
, (,rr r1, fl.rgr..rrrt
.1

_- 3r

-30-

Nations to be recogntzed. as an "tndependent natiou" lravirtg e

government of its own.

paragraph
set out in the fourth
infringement of the principles
of Article zz of the Covenant'

Palest'ine Mandate

: a

contrivance

for

Falestine to rernain without Government until

terrninal,ion of IVIandate.

gradual

35. This anamoly which pervades the whole of thc I),rlcstirtc

l\4andate in contrast with the Mandate for Syri;r ;rntl tlrc

creation"t.lu*iut.State;doesnotprovidefora
Constitut'ion'

g2.

doing
for the Palestine territory
Instead of a constitution
of palestine and estabtishing
ro the *irr,*?irre people

honour
them as u,
iurposed

simply

"irrdupl'it"t Stattl' this Order-in-Council

belonging
on this "to*rn""i'y formerly
"'::-l:t*ttn
in its owfl territory of

Empire" a policy for the u"ubli'h""nt to be irnported from

,,comrnunity", u-'lnurron", "a people"
a
home"' a
constitu@ a "national
to
assisted
be
to
and
abroad
State of their own'
"Jewish national home PolicY"
33. The reference is to the
is made to be the basic
which, in the Mandate for Palestine' two paragraPhs of the
*.* essential provision for which
zz and 21 are whollY devoted
""J
and Articles 2' 4' 6' lr'

nr**Of.

and consecrated'
with "Jewish National Home"'
These articles overflow
"Jewish, Immigration"
"Je\Ars", "Jewish ngut"y"'
in

"'Settlement
"Jewish Holidays"-al1
of Jews", "'lu*i'i il'gnage" '
connection of the Jewish
giving "recognitio"^ to tf" hlstorical
their

for reconstituting
with Paiestine and to the grounds
the
as explicitly provided in
national home in this country"'

people

preamble.

34. Nolvhere in

for

a place allowed
the Palestine Mandate is
contain
rcrrttoty of Palestine did not
if
confirmecl
'f" when this mandate was

the word " Arab" '"

on the z4th of m}"-''-i)''

an Arab "community formerly

by tlrc (lotrncil of-tit itogue'
L-pi'u"' which like the sister combclorrging to the Turkish
l'cbanon' was uudcr the fotrrth
ntttttitit's ol'Syri'l;rrrtl tltc
I'c;rgue of
t'l Articlc 'l ol tlte ('trvcnlttt oI thc
p.rr'.t11t',t1rIr

"

l.cbanoir reaches a climax in Article zB, which, dcaling,ts it tlot.r

rvith the termination of the Ivlandate, speaks for tltc fir'st tinrr'
twhickr is the very last) of such a thing as "tl-rc (iovcltttttctll ol
l)rlestine" in distinction from "tl-re Administt',ttiort ol I),tlt'slitrr
,luring the period of the mand.rtc."

This is very clear and plain to scc. 'l'lrc otr.it'et ,ttttl ttt
tcrrticn are that in Falestine a Governncnl ()l I).rlcst inr lxtttrl
tltt Couernment of the Jewish Natiortctl ll<tntt'in /'rtlr's/rrrr' u'tll
r onrc into exisrence only along urirh tltc (crtrtitt,tlirrtl ol llrr'
nr.rndate to replace the "Administr.ttion ol l),tlt'slittr"' rt'ltnrr'
t,rsk slrail har.,e been accomplished by l ltc cottt plt'l iott ol l lrr
,'st.rblislrment of the Jewish Natiorrrl Hontc.
fr{antlaiory's o\yn polic.v no .irrst,il'icttl.iott ol'
violation ol' Covcnunl..

;l(i. Such is the policy conccived rtttl tlt't'l,rt'r'tl Ity llru

\l,rrttl,ttory for Palestinc at a tintc prittr lo lllt'(.ttvt'lt.lttl ol lltrt
I ,'.r1, 11g of Nations.
'l'llat tlris poiicy, cotutrtottly ktrown ,ts tlte l\.tllt,ttt l )t't l,ttr
rr()n l)()licy, was (ls cxplicitly st;rtt'tl itr llrc l)lc,lllllrlt'r,l lltr'
|',rlt'str,tc Mandatc) ;rtio1>tctl [ry tlre l)o\,t,t'ts totlsl tltlllllP. tllr
( ()untii ol tlrc [-c.rgtrc O1'N.rtittns, t:,trr lry ll(] lll('.lllri (r]ll\l lltlll',1
1rr:;lrlrt.rticln or.r lcg.rli;:.rtiort ol',rrt ittlrittgt'tll('tll ,llttl ,t vtol,tliott
',,; lor)!1 .rs tlrc prtlvisiorts ol lltc l'ottrtlt 1l.tr',tpir,t1llr ol Atltrlt' rt
.rrr,l tlr,,st' ol Atlie lt' :o ol tltc (.ovcrl.llll ol tltc I ,',r;'itt,' .ltr. ltol
.rlrolislrcrl ot'.tntt'tttlctl ttl cxcltrtle l).rlcstilte ot'ltt ttt,tht'llrr
',1,,', r,tl ('\(('l)lit,l't t,l ,t lrt,lir y itt l,tvrtttt'ttl t .r t (r rlrilli,,rrs ttl ,lr'u'l

_:_ r2

in ttrre presence of

hundreds

Chriscians.

--

of millions of

_-.ij-_-

Moslerns and

lllrrffi.signed

Adoption by League Council of Mandatory,s

poXiey cannot defeat Covenant.

37. It

is, rnoreover, clear that the adoption,

of the Jervish
National Horne policy, by the Powers
constituting the Council
of thc League of Nations , may welr have
been the resuit of the
"'best endeavours" uscd
by the British Governme,t itself
in futrfilurenr of the B;lfour Declaration
which reads
as

follows

obJect...,......

Balfour Declaration

,-"'j,'r.;rT*r:i'orrnation of the Patestine Ma,ctrrc l,y

42.
::

Mandate rvhich *ru f"r*irrr*I'i,lr.

F'lor was there anyt.hing to con-rpel
the council
Nations. to conflrm such a provision
in the
so

$:".,r",-ai
British
Gol,emment.

response

to

of

rn
the

tuiandate.
Gate.
those .,besr encleavours,, of rhe

tsalfslur Dectraration potricy

: contrary to
:{rticte ZZ af. the Coven;";
,;- i,;;tl".

:il1:il:,,i: ;l; . ;,,11

l, n l,

;ir*f

ffi ;;.::.,k;;,1.,..;,:;,

;t : I l::j,, 1,,;, 1,1, .,,,;j,:,

i;l
::;,

:1,

British

Gr

_* _,lli"l

tTi

..li""ff;,,
: ;' ; ::n:iil

ll

i,,,,,

tr., w'ich u,as norhing but trr.i; rcre;rsc rr.,r rrris trr.t.tal.,r.
,;r;;;;r. ,r ;rlt,rlp1r. ,rrrrl try rr,
rlrc,ns an inrernarionatr .,obligation, .r^,,;,,i:;:,:::;,..:lli:i,,

' (,,
gagemen

r,,, riuBrirish
";
:i,, ;]l::, I
tlrcir best endeavours,,
",'
to ".r?rr..",
caruy"rr-ri,,,,.licy
r,
League

", r.,rt,"r.,

h.rvc

;: ::: 1:,

l:':

;l

tlrr. tr.r.ltt,1,

.1il;,.,,g,,r,.r,.,1 .,,,,r

ri,,,s by ,r,.,, ,,-,i?tie.T:i;.:li,:il;.i';:;,

lr'rr,ony and perfec,
:* l*l;
tllc
-,,,,
lrrrvisi()r$ ()r. rtrf
I,ourth paragraph of _.u,r.ir,rn.r"
Articlc ,r'.,n.,',
()lltt'r'

'lI

40. If, neverrheiess, this Declaration

be construed or iln any

way regarded to amount to an oblisati.,., i
" o' ury o r the r
rhe
he"
j
i,#111,
::
tr)_rctease from such <,l,ligarion,,
ir
r,.r.r.r;;;;;;
r t rLlg
l:.::i:
--jfir"
,:o of thc (l,r,cnaltt .I lh,, l_c;rgur,-rl N.rr;,r,rr.
iirr.rrrn,

#il L:",ffi:::i:l}

T,

i,,:i],,,

Article z

:]il,:...r:::ril."j.f.

lili,,

tfi: i"' +;'i' il,::*J

'1j]' But instead of procuring

ttr;e

oniy in

jl :i

:iccepted

There was, however, no.ching rhat

compelled rhe Brirish

L..::::::

.T"

rlrr,

I. The }feml
t'l.ti'r I'r;',jrr' '. \t r;rllv..:rirr,.
,, .bl;;;.',:'
rlr.rt rtrr r,,,\,,,,,rrt r,
;,:ronsistcni ;;;;'i.j,']'l^:.:: urrir'::rri,,,.,r. ur:r
irrlr t 'r' \r hl, lr
,rr,
rroi hercaltcr .rt,, ll, icrnts thr ranf. ,,,,)i ("''r('l5l;rlrrlllr]f
any ungaremt.,,,l ,;,;';;"'1"' tttrrlt tl'tl'r' llr,rl tt,,,l rr ril
2. lr .o,*
in. i,,,,,.,""-',l,lli]'i,lll,,]1,,,,,,,11i;;,,,,1,i,:l,JJ::;ll,l,,
,,r ,i,. r..,*r.. fi/_.1:i,u'.'..;
^n,.itt?
t"'''
anv obl i'illt i(
r ut d"t!-, * ;'"';
T'd:tti
lten'
"r
'iii ';;,;',ll'11.3,i ,1,,1.t{;i]illlj'lll,,lLl'i;;'li:;::i
,:;,:;:
, ,, p,o",..
,lllili ,l,I,
;

raot an Obtrigation.

a policy as
thcy do, fall very short from u*or"rti.rg
to an .,obligation,, of
am international character. At
the most they constitute d
promise or a pledge.

the terms of

:*tr*j[r,.i,;1,

38. But these words, embodying and

expressing

39.

:.:,

His Maie.tv's Government

l-:tc'iir'e of a i'iationar i:,o*" io. view wirrt. Jaaour the estabrishnrent in
ii,."l.t:ri.'ri JJopr., una wi, use iheir
(itit itours to faciiitate the
Desi
achieveie;;'oi i#'

iong before r}:e &4andate

for patcsrint, wrr

f ff

rrr.vi:,(la r)r
Covenart or tn. Lcaguc
of Nrtior*.v('ry
4'l' Thc rcfcrcnce" cre'rrry,
is to thc rfrici.rr (.(),llllrrit,rri.rrr
r'.r.t l, rgctl'ct
wcc, t'c Ilrit,r,, i,,,".r,, ;;:::; ":,,,:;,I:::]:,tl.,,,
a,rl l(irrg l trrss.irr
.r,rr r. rrr* .j.i,r Arr11r. rircrrcrr
,,,,,.,,]]]llli
:'|s'|'11'1r ,rrtr
11u,rr,r,r.t,rf r.,r. ,r,.
rrre

n",i, ,-li]lll':lll ,ilil-,::i_

IrJi,,,l,]

-J4-_
<rI gr'litic,rl .rrrd national independen
ce

by

far more rnarked than

the rncre recognition of this comrnunity

as an .'independent
narion" as provided in the fourth paragraph
of Articre zz of

the Covenant.

45' The communications in question

are plainly adnritted

by the British Governrnent.
46. J'he British Government, however,
as far back as the
jrd of Junc, r qz.z, dcnied the very plain geographical
fact that
tlrc tcrrirr.y ,f parcsrirc incrudirg itr. "independent
sanjak of
Jc.rsalcnr" w.ls covcrecr by trrose cornmunications
and prai,ry
clainrccl that "t'c whore of palestinc
west of the Jordan was
cxcludcd from such communications.,,
'I-his "crcniar"
ancr tbis "craim" both of which
are a ptrain
rtcg;rli'n <lI t'xis(ing rc,rrities wcrc rrrade
on page zo ofthe aboves'ritl ('rrrrrr,r,rr I),r1rcr N(). r
Too bcirrg "correspondence with the
I)rlcstinc Ar.rb [)crcg;rtion and trrc Zi"o,ist
organization,,, otherwise hn()wn as trrc "whitc papcr",
embodying the .,statement
ol' Ilrirish Policy in palcstinc,,.

Ilrit.ish Government,s plea that palestine

was
oxcludecl from lrletlges to Arabs
: Groundless.

47' 'l''is

baseress prea of the British

Government that
I)rlcslinc was so cxcruded was never
admitted by theparestine
Ar.rb I )clcg.rriorr. On thc conrrary
it was fully refuted (pages
:5 ,rrrtl :6.l lhc s.r.id ,,White paper,,) in
the Delegation,sletter
Ir tlre sccrcr'rry.r'srarc for trre ctto.riu, dated
the tTthof Jane,
I () r.r. 'l''is lcttcr was
duly ackno,x,ledged by the tsritish
( ir't'rrrr,rcr.rt
l)cr a Ic(tcr .atcd the zltd of June, r
9zz, addressed.
lo thc Dclcgation by the Secretary of state
for
tlre Cononies
(p;gcs 2q-3o of the said
White paper).
4lt' -I'lrc Britislr covcr,ment,
instead of receding
I'r'nr lhis groundless prea, perscvercd
'owever,
to act as if it were a true
<rnc; and on tlrc z4tlr of
July, t92,2, at I-onclon itself, the
I).rlcstinc

Mancl.rtc w.rs confi rnrccl.

35

49' This conrempt of a furly esrabiished fa* conspicuousry

visibie and obvious is a positive a,.d" characteristic ilustratiorr
'of the purely arbiuary manner in which the
British Government
made the Balfour Decraration and sought and succeeded
ro gcu
it enrbodied in the Parestine Mandaie, contrarily to Articre zo,
and to the fourth pangraph of Articre zz, of the
covenant of
the League of Nations.

50' In an effort to depict the degree and extent of this

arbitrary conduct, no apology needs be made for quoting in
extenso certain relevant parts of the official "correspondence,,
in

question.

The draft of the memorandum subsequently known as

the
of the British policy in palestine" having becn communicated to the Parestine Arab Deregation was
urtimatery
allowed to persist in this deliberate ancl arbitrary mistake
of fact
with the only alteration of the expression "vilayet of Damascus" to the expression "District of Damas6us"-\Mhich
alteratiorr
by no means minimized the graveness of the mistakc
itsclf.
51' The following is verbatim the relevanr paragraprr of thc
memorandum as finally pubrished. (vide page 20 of
tirc whitc
Paper, rgzz).
-'statement

With reference to the Constitution which it is now intonrk:d

to cstilblistr
in Palestine, the draft of which has arr'eady been p,brished,
rt i. .r.,*i,r,iiri. tu
make certain points clear. ,r.the.first place, it is not
the,crisc;;;;;;."
rcpresented by the Ara.b Delegation, that durirrg
ttrc w;ir'-iiis- li,ri.ItV ,
Government gavc an undertaking_ thit
i,'rJ.p.iir." i"."ri"r"i's"r"rffir,

i,

should be at once estabrished

parestine.
"n This rcprcscntation m*inrv rcsts
tupon a'letter dated thc 24th.r Octobcr, 1915, fronr Si, ff.,rry
IIis M_ajesrys High Commissio cr i. Egypt, to il,. Sf,",lif M.ff,iul,;;i,;i,.,,,
;ii\{,;;;l ;,,*

King Husscin of the I(ingdom

of trrc-Hcjaz.

'r'r',,r

i.ii.i'i*

convcying the promisc to the shcrif of Mccia to rcr:ogrrisc,,'ra ;;;ili",,*r,riirirt..tt,,,

indcpcrrdc,cc oI thc Artbs wir.hin thc tcrrit.rics;,r.,,1,,iscrr rlv hirrr.'-'

Dut-tiris pron.risc.was givcn subjct:r. to,, r..i'rv,itiu,, nrirrrc in rrrc snrru:

_
Icttcr, which excludcd fronr_its scopc, ln)ong olrrcr tr.rrir,r.ir.-; ii;.,'i;,,rii;;r.f syril lving to thc wcst of thc rristr;ict of ii:rnrrrs,.rrs. r,tri* ,i,*"rr,,,ii,iii"iin*
;rlw;rys bccn rt'gtrrrlcd by flis Mrrjcsty's Govcrnntent ils (.ovcring thc
vilirrvt,t.
of Ilcilul. ;trrrl tlrr: indc;rcntlurrt. Slrrjlk 6f Jcrusirlelr. ,1,5c wlrsl:

, *:rr_,f llr. J.rrlirn w.s rhus cxt:lutlt,tl f'orn sir ll. McM.horr's ;il,;i;;ii,,"
!lt.tl[r:.-+ (!iit: irr llre origitrll... lly tlrr,Ar:rlr l)clt.grrtiorr nnrl hy Mr.
Jr,ffr.ics tlis
rlirl.r, is rlrrolr.rl lr "l5tlr".r

irt

r,,rr,rllrrr,,l,rrh t)r,l.lrrli
"llr,t"t

,,1,,,,f

rrrtr,rr'' rrr,,,,,,,

;:r.

,r

;tt'.r'r'tl l';tlt'slirrc'
l't',,t'

l'!l'rlr.x
"' "i': l';:l'::"'""
. rrrrlltr'r'';'lt ttt'ttlt'l'l'
tlrr'l)'tlt'slirt,'Arab

\t',r.\ .r', lr,ll1,1r,.,

r ().r.,

r'|l'' l),rl'('(;

-',,

.,/) ,,1 rlrt, ,..,;,t

Dclcgarion

wiit. ,apet,

,,j,,,,11i,,,r,,, r,,,,,
,,r rrrr,rrrrrr*r,:,
sivr.,,

1,,,,.',11',1]'li:.',;',"'",',,1'','1,,'

,,,,,,,

i,',
^,,'ii,,),il,1l;,,lii;,;1,;
'lir liri,
rr,. r,r.lrlr

l:;l;
,r:::l

,,,,

''

'll;l' ;'

il;

rit

r,,

ij;:li

1t'rtr''rt.r'. rlrr'
"';','uli.,',,,,.'i,

t 'l;l

:l,triri;;ilii
,,1J,1,',,'.1,',,,,,,,rr.rrr rtrt, Vit;rvt.r

'r"';''iiti''it"rrr(l"ll;llrl;t'!
;;;.

";;ll 'l,,J':':i:'ii';: ;:t i-

llt. sc.lrc of tllo

'llr.rr. ir, ,,,,
,,,tt'l'lt''-tt"lritr

or

Svr.ia,

i:l*i;*;

l)r()nlisc

;r*-,,*l;rilfi,$-ffi
,,,,,,,,,"

,,,,,,1;ll ,1,.1,/
(l') Sirrrr.llrr.r

il:l;ll,,llill,;l,,ll, ?i.*::,*,oo1:;I".,n.

:ij,;il:ii;
r,, rl,,.i,,r,l,l,l,,r,' ,',i",,:,il,i,illl,,,i,rrt (.lrcat Irrilain is Ircc to act without
detriment
(! , 'l'lrr. Slrr.r.iil
,r,r,r.rr.

i,,

r.*.,,,,,,,,,ii,i',. l
lrr,r irrdtlrcltlt:rrr...
llr.il.ish Government

l|rol'llilion of

r rr s rc1,ry

,n,,..(1,,r1ir,
It'tl11r'rl

l'

i;;ji:lt;: ffi;;

,,t,,,,',' u,,,'ri,,,,;;i";'t'i:,.i:'"t.rl.lris 1igl11

tlrc

;t"",::."J;"0;lr:,.

. -:dges and is entitled

failcd

to

the

Prove PIea;

.,,;:;t*'Lii'f:,|o

1. ,rrhc

Whire

i;,

in

clctail

in ,.^,,. ,-*,^- ^.o,t]""_9I.

Re-affirmation

slrr'r'illr';rllv ii lhe

l;:ir,':l

r,.

bv tho Secrerrri'"t'"Sir,.l"'iololt T..17th June) were careiullv

authorities .in...n.I- uir.*r,u"", j,-1j_., _w1ro decidcd, atrer consultinc il,;,
jr.ltv'corrcspondence,.berween
McMahon and rhc ;:,^yill
lht-rredjaz,
sir frs,;1y
r\tng ol the
to mil'e a moa;ncation ;,i'itr.'i.,,it
on a poin{ of Iact.

of Balfour Declaration
persistence but no justification.

:,'t;,;1i::,i:i;,;l#,;;;:,r

r11,.1,11,,,,

,lll,lll,:,::,,
(ll';r';rr:;lilli'

considered

lvJl,rv,r.rv;,s,,secl.

'y1',,:

;; il* i"i
;:i:':i:.t:t,suDsequentlv discussed
*rl#:"*r_
i'";;ilffi

'J'
?"i31;,"r"#:. I
.1r." ;1i^ 1.yp.jt
"r, the
whlch vou wcre sood cnouarr
upon
prooor.a"iiii.r.""riil'ill'"'X"
l:.:"fl:l
have since beeu recapituiate6
that interview (ri.hic6

i;ili:llllliiillJiilt;:lf*i**u,.

lll ,l:1,,1;,;;:,:,,lJ,l.r):,il:1,,;,li;l;ij;,1,,,,:r,,,,.,;,,,

,;il i
.,t,t,,,lil,

vour Detegation

sen r a r i v

,,,lli;ll, )i]:;,i1,

;,:l;,,,,,,,,:,r;ril l

j1i,

in aletter d,ated z3td, Jane, rgzz,

of which the fotlowing
is an exrract (Vide p^g,
,g_3 ;;;. said W.hire paper)
:
fn continuatioi
-s..,"i,;;t1,:i#,{,',ij,:;.l:#:j'll"--:i:l:
rv r*i.
,'l:, ... - .. r am rrirc.r,:rl
*;u,lr,"'zi",i,l,o.i!ii,]ro,-u,;on or you,'D.i.to,rinn
;:ffi|,;:,:Trj:[.X
i n Fa esr i n e
; li:T :: i 1,.*;:i 1 i::,i"^,i.r:'q'ijl i?li::i ;i'H,T?il,::i
to vou orr the^,
Joi h trt-v, .ra jtl'r;;r'i;fi"".ttatement was communiccted
with
Office

:i,;r,r,ll:i,',;l,i':', ]i,i': iiili rilrrl,;r ii:' *,i;;ui:i

r,,,ir,,,\ ,,, ,:,,,,",,,,i.,11i];l;J,,,,
{i'iiiT*
,,,,,i,1i1:li,.i;l,,lJllil,r,,r

l;l

_37_

,,lfru,rT;: l_:j,::X;

54'

The determinate and

deriberate persistence in trris

arbitrary conduct \4/as demonstrat ed,
by the slight alteration in trrc
phraseology of this part
of the "statement of poricy,, without,
in the leasr' afie*ing the formularion
of the policy itserf whicrr

continued to be based whoily

and soleiy on the Balfour Dcclar,r
as if the predges to the
Arabs rr r.go..r, parcstinc (wrrit.rr
had actaalty preceded, that Declaratt;;i
n,Lu.
55. Thus on the zgth of June, r
et2z, t1-tesccr.ct;rry o[ Slale
for the col0nies sent to the oficer
Acrnrirrist,.ing rrrc (i,vt,rrr
ment of Parestine a kregram
of which fhe 1'orlt.lr,ving is .rl cxr
r,lcr
(Vide page 3o-3 r of the said
V/hite pr,r.., rgzz) :
A wfile paper wjll bc Iairl
on Srtrrr.,l,
^^.
llrt' Ist
correspondence
c,r'r'r'irrr
b.r*".,' ll;:, :ri.;.-,i:.
ti;i:i.;fi'i ;r'ttl -.Itth
Delcgation and
l';tlt'tlit;1' ,11,;,

tion

;;,r;:;l;::;

Zicrrisr o.",,,;*.,,i1],'1j.."-- \'.o)'':1"]"'ttl

li:l'i,,',.lil l;'; ;l;;l;1,,;i;;ixi',lliit Ii;:,

(1) His Majcsr'y's (l,v.rrrnrcnt
r'(rr,il';rrr,rr
r)r.r
rrr,rrirrrr ,r.
{rr \,,\r,rrrr(r.
I9r7, u.lrir.rr is rror strst.t1rrir,l",rr.j,,,,,^,1.,,,',,
Nrrr.rrrrrr
'r:-lrfrir.r
(2)- r\.Jcwish N;rlionlrl llorrrc r,l,ill
lrr, l.r,rrrrr
^
n.upr"
i,,'t,,,t".ti,,,,,s oI r.irtrt ,i,,;i ;,,:;1,:l],,,;,,i,,',1,,,,,'rr, .tr,u,,tr
",;ii't,,,

r;,,::lnim:','l,iJfl:l':;;ll;ll

an
-

country ilr rvhich it now scught to establish the Zionist "Naticntrl

Etome". So that the "Natioriatr Home" was preceded and followed by
broken pledges; this pled-re and the Anglo-French pleclge of rgr8.

PART II

Consideratien for Pledges made to Arabs.

Detsiled Arguments, bA a British Inquirer, that

Palestine LDqs not excluded from the British

59.

These pledges are contained in the letters rvhich were sent to

the Shereef of X{ecca (now K,ing Hussein of the Hedjaz) by Sir
Ilenry },IcMahon, rvhen the entry of the Arabs into the \ryar ou orrr
side against the Turks u,as negotiated. Sir Henry },IcMahon was
High Commissioner in Egypt at the time, and was acting in the name

Gooernntent's pledges to the Arabs.

f^-a,rn?*2/rr,"'""r

of Great Britain.

56. The nature

and the seriousness of the unwarrunted

attitude and action taken by the British Government towards
the Balfour Declaration on the one hand and towards the share
of Palestine in the pledges made to the Arabs, on the other, are
ably and honestly set our in an inquiry made by an Engtrishman,
Mr. J. M. N. Jefrries, in the year, rg23. The inquiry was
published as a book entitled "The Palestine Deception". The
following extracts occur on pages Z8-q6 inclusive. The
accompanying map is also a reproduction of page r o of the
said book. (The headings are nor in the original)

in

Falestime.

You have seen hov,, the Declaration of all the Balfours was coltl-.
posed and how the tsritish Army in Palestine for over tvro years did
not publish it, and vhat happened in Palestine as a result. Now let
us descend into the real clepths and watch how the British Government
originally broke its rvords.

Eounctraries

of Arab eountries to

be

recognized "Indepentlent".

61.

Oli July r4th, rgr5, the Shereef serrt a forrrral letlcr to Sir llr,nt'v
Whereas the rvhole of the.{rarb nation without any t'xcr:pliorr lr;rs rk'r'irlrrl
these last years to live, and to accomplislr thcir frcttkrrn lurrl grir:ip l.lu:

reins of their administratiol both ir.r theory and pnrctit:c.... for llrt'st: rt:;rsorrs
the Arab natior sees fit to limit itself, as time is short, to rrskiuil llrt: (lovt'rtrment of Great Britain, if it should thinli fit, for tlte altprovirl lhrottglr ils

tleputy or representative of thc following funrlanrrllal propositiotts".,....

Firstly, Great Britain uiil aclinorvlcrlgc thc itttlcllctttlcttcc oI l]rt' Artlr

in exery sense o.l lltt: ic,ord ittdefutdtntt, lo lte ltttttntltrl orr lltr:
norlhby Mersina-Acianil ul) to 111(' .i7lh tk'grcr: oI lrrtiltrrlt', ott ultir'lt rlt'p1ttr'
fa'lls Biridiik, Oulia, )\llrtlin, i\litliirt, r\nrtrlirL lsl;trttl, trl lrt llt,'ltrrrtltrt ol
Per::ia: <ttt tlrr t'rtst lry tltc fro:rliels of l'r'rsi:t ttlt lrt tltt' (irtlf ,rI ll.r.t.r; ott llttl
corrntries,

lly thc Inriilrrr Oct.rin, rrirh tlrc t.rcclrtiorr of llrc lolorrv ol \rL'rr, u,ltirlt
.\ttt tttttl lltr
is crcclrlrcl flonr llrest,lrorutrllrrir'.; rrttrl ott tlrr'ttrr'.r/ It.l'lltt
^'rtl
"llrtiilerruntotr Stu ttp ltt litrsitttr.
sotrth

fndependenee of, Palesl,ine : previously

guaranteed.

thal I)r't'lirrrrliorr:rl rrll. It had

and, indeed, the Arabs lvere no less anxious to be subsidiscrl by

tsritain than they lvere to be set free by Britain. But if he bargained,
lve macle an agreement and are obliged to keep it, having drawn or
intended to dralv our ciwn aCvantages from it. The Shereef slood
out for his boundaries from the start, and was rryell advisetl, in view
of the tsalfour Declaration mentality of our Goverttttteltt.

in

57.

58. It did so by publishing

60. It shoulcl be understood that the Shereef Ifussein wus ar:ting orr
behalf of the Arab people. It wiii be seen he lvas:r gorlr'l llargtrinr.r'

Nfclfahon, dectraring:

Balfour Declaration .. f.ar 2 years not

published

givcn

pletlges to the Arabs prcvirrtrsl.v rlrr;rr':rrrlccinll llrc irrrlt'pt'rrrlence of

thl

(;2.
'l'hcrc ttt't'c st'r't't';tl olltt'r r"litttscs, givirrtl tls (r'ollollli('lrtirrlill',
'lirrrrrrrlt,r'irrg 1lrc.,\r'trlr Slrrlr,rlr;r1r'tiltl ltrrrl tttorlrl trirl lrg;rirrsl lt.ltitt:lts
Irr,nr rr'illrirr lr rtilltrrttl, rlllrtrirrrl irllilrrrlc itt tltst'oI t'illrt'r pltlly
r.ttlt.titUl nlrrn rtlllltr':',irr' -r( liolr, 'r'r tttitt" "111'1rl-,,' ,,f Ittttrl'l :ttlrl

_4r-rrrrrrri.i'ns to trre
'\rahs, fixing trre duration
lx,twcen Erirain and
the Arails to ;i;;;'.,,
tiut wtrar matters ;n tr,;u
t:onlains the boundaries

il;;;ffi

of the

proposecl treaty

,;1";rlluj[.:*:T;

of the proposed Arab State.

Froposal to postpone ,.question
of troundaries.,,
(;3.
Or August ;oth Sir Mch{ahon
replieci :
We ha-ve the honour to
ruy or your t..u* r^*,,,1j3*-J;::l,t"t.your.franli expression of the
i
:J.l,' T: L *.t ";; :f
l" i,,: I
** j:,;; :*J;rrial
fu Arat)
i lh :, rntcrests
rili:i i,'lJ'iili'l:';
lifl,1,"i#;:
British
arc B_ritish;nteresis
",J::
;ilj.i::i..T]i]::$
Arab. ^;:,ji,;'t,:illl:1"1,::"&i,:,'L'..lij"j::
anJ ln"tfi",.fru,i
aiJ
Kitchener's
n. ,*rrr"li'L".i
.Jffi -.u"u*|. ',"o.ii'""'l,1ill ::..l"-lli"' ,to lou. ,r,.
uy
"",i
trrc
iX',,,.",,
iruu
n:lnd.
ot
Arab
H:f Gcnlleman,_-__
I
l.:T',
_ (a certai^
f :: :#*,#
i, ;.r'""'t I ift
:,ii'itor the independcn;;i
{
_#:,i::.
desire
"il:;;.i"rrt.i.ill
""'..l:fl
and the a."U
,,
H".X#ilj
"
uErrr
"
srateo"
:
:, As
i: T&."1ft
regards :i."
il : f , :X?, 1:" ?,
boundaries,
""'
the l,l
question
lt .,,uorlJli,l,l,
i"Xli,..i..;,o.'rqJ
l
of
;^ll
:
**;ll....
to consume our time ini
clrscussing such detaits t";;3'i"-'""^I-e
-premltuJ9.
ul war
ano '.I;i"'l,;ffi
\vhrle in many T:dH.lf,i.il
portions
i;:.Hlyff
the
Turk;s uplfftiirl"j,;.,,T':"1:i.i:i!.:i':lf
of them
tli,t"tttrve o^ccupa
vLlqpdtlurr;
i iotr ; esnerlall]'especiallv ;.
jnowl;"""j"'"
to
tn our
as ;;
we ;;;
or. surprisc
have ;r;;";;
rr.p.ii. ;;and
learned
;;;
regret
of,the
.{raLs
in
it.ir
rr.om assisli,g
;;;;;#,'H;
-.,1r
u..,"",,^-,11"1:.j"I:
Lrrrsr
trrclr
]:,i'i,h
suprelne
r
opportunity,
lcntlin,I
[,:xi#': lhcir
J: il,,'l*,
i:l i ,,.,,.,, lf
and are
i?:
r: 1trrk,
ir-ti,,J'I\lri16
t"t: L'ctman *,,
and ilhc
",$:?
"' i;ii]:i:],:
to tl,.'n.w-;;iirtl;;
thc
lhc old ,trrri.t.sr;;.
opl)rcs_(or
*;

and it is with great pleasure that I communicate to you on their behalf the
foilorving statement which I am confident you wili receive with satisfaction :

I. 'Ihe districts of Mersina and Alexandretta and portions of Syria

lying to the west oJ the dist.ricts oJ Daruascus, Honzs, Hatna, and. Atcppo
cannot be said to be purely Arab and should therefore be exclud,ed, Jrom
the desired boundaries.
2. Wi.th, these modifications, and without prejudice to certain trcaties
enacted between ourselves and same Arabian chiefs, toa accept lhese
botndaries."

And as regards those portions of the territories therein in which Grcat

Britain is free to act without detriment to the interests of her Ally, France,

I an empou,ered in the narne of the Government of Great Britain to enter

into the following covenant..... and reptry to your letter as under :
1. Subject to the above modifications, Great Britain is prepared to
of the Arabs within the territorics
included in the limits and boundaries proposed by the Shercef of Mccca.
2. Great Britain guarantees the safety of thc Holy Placcs ag:tinst any
foreign aggression and will recognise their individualitv.
3. When the situation admits, Great Britain will give the Arabs hcr
advice and wili assist them to establish what may appenr to be the most
suitable forms of government in these various territories.
4. On the other hand, it is understood that the Arabs have decided to
seek the advice and guidance of Great Britain onIy, and that such
Europern aCvisers and olfcials as may be required for the formation of
a sound form of administration will be British.
5. With regard to tiie Vilayets (provinces) of Baghdad and Basrl, thc
Arabs r,vill recognise that the established position and interests of (lrclt
Britain necessitate special measules of administrative control in ortler to
secure these territories from foreign aggression, to promote tltc wclfarr:
of the local populations, and to safeguard our mr.rtual economic intcrcsts.
recognise and support the independence

Roundaries rnust be determined.

64.

','hc Shcrcci I{ussein

l,r,as

much too practisecl and shrewd

to be

s.;ffiilLl

..pri.,i on "'""'rr,t t yLrl.

""'"^1,,11.l;,
Nt'r.r.rllrr.lt,..s.
l,:l::: \'.rrr
:,:::':r:"jions'
I,lrct.llcncv r,,.ili parrl,,;r ,ra
,,,'
lh:rt.llre r.lrlrrt.s',,,,,r"i,,.rii,,r,on
..ay ciearly
rvhir:h vn,, ,,.,,,. ,,.^ll-.ll"r:nit,to
ii,,,'rr',,,iii:i';,li'il:,,1,1.i,ll:l'!li':lr]'#,I#i,,1,ffi.*:yl:r:l

te

;ll ll,,lfli,iiIX,
or
sonrt'lhirrg of
,) 1,,1,:::i
llro sort.

(;5.

lrr

iii.;;",.;;:

ll"i:;"_r:*1.
iiruru ut present ,i
is
Lll .r,:. discussion.of
;fi;,i;.
ffi::,|J,:i.:i.i..:l.H;:.*:i;

lr,rrglh-v Oricnlal phrases the

Sherecf stuck

rh,r ii

out for

unv,rr.r,.;".;;';;;;',,,;,;il;::

l:]ll:::l,l:,i":.rrrt,srrirl
r'rh'r'rr
ir r1';rs r)rrl.\'| rrt'r';rrrr;t',I

Anglo-Arab Covenant concluded.

his

;::J;

lrrc rrclay in the prescnt negotiations.

l)r,l'inil ion ol' territories proposed

by British
(iovcr.nment to be excluded.

(;(;.

Irr r,1rl1, lrc r.r.r.t,ivcrl fronr Sir Hcnrv

Ilcllahon
oI llrl rrlrrto:ll. inrllorllurcc, <laled
Oct,rbcr :.5th:
1,,,'l;ll;l

ltrt't'tr t'ct'tivt'rl
.,,,'
l":1,1,,.]:l]11.,''lllllrl
.rrorn
r1r. r1rrcstion

lll::;,:li;1,,J""1,,,:,.'::ll',1::1,
ll;,i',',il"i,,,,'',']:.;.,::,1',,.:i:11.rr,,,.,'',',
Ir'rrt
rr,r 1'r'r ;rrri'r'rr r.r'rr,'rr rrrt.r,
I lrt11'1'1'1'1

lo lrr'

q,1 ,,1

,1

Ittlrrt trrirr,., llrr.

i,,r

mv

On November Sth the Shereef replied accepting. He sairl

fn order to faciiitate an agreement and render a scrvicc to Islarn...... wc

renounce our insistence on the inclusion of the Vilayet of }lcrsina itnd Adarur

in the Arab kingdom. But the provinces of Alepl:o and Beyrout arrrl thtir

sea coasts are purely Arab provinces, and therc is no clificrcncc lx:twt:cn u
Moslem and a Christian Arah (there arc many Christians in tlrt:sc tlistrit:ts) ;
they are desceudants of oue forefathcr.

contmunication

Lrsr.

67.

Five clauses followed, rlealing with lnrrl trrrrl llr<. posiliorr of

Turkey. 'Ihe letter eu(lc(l :

Arabia in face of
rctler the im-

'i', ir,,, t,,,.',,,r,,,i'1,'ll:ii,J":[:,iX:

ilij

,,;{,J;;::Ji'IJ'i;],,'\lill,';ill",::',#]jl

,,,,r,i;i'',,:',;,i;li"';i;,li,iii,ix",,i.l:lL-ll]i'
ltont loilt.l;rsl lr.lllr I rt,;rlist,rl ltr:tl vorr
rr.l{;rril llris rlttt:stion
urr1r.nl, ir.rl,i,rlinrrr.,;rrrrl lrrrr,.
,::rrl
rirr,,i,,
l.,r\r'llrltr.ttl rrl' (irr,.rl llrrt,rirr rrl ll,(,ll;,,;.,f,,;.f"i;^r",,u
(,o11r,11,,,i ,j,,,,, t,.ff,,,.

"Wc linow thirt our lot in this war w.ill bt: t.itlrt.r ir rilr'((,s.i u,lrir lr uill
to thr: Ar:rbs ir lifc bccoming tlrcir plrsl lri:iloly or rh',l rtrlliorr
in thc allcmpl: to obtrritr tlrt:ir olljr:cts. Wcre il rrt>t for llrt'rh'lcrnrirr:rlictr
I scc in llrc Atirhs lo:rllrrin tlrc:ic olljt:cls, I shoulrl ltirvt'prclclrt'rl lrr rlrlrtrh:
mysclf ttpott rr rtrotrnlrriu lrr,iglrl; lrut thcy, llu,Arirlrr, hrrvc irrsislcrl tlrnl I
sltottkl gtrirk'llrr,trrovr,rnr.rrl lo llri,r r,rrrl. Mrrv (irrl kt.r,p volt,ilrft,irnrl
vit'lttrittur, rrr rvc rh'vrltlll ltopr lrtrrl rh'rritr'.
gtlit.l'ilnt('c

Aa _

-4.1-

French mandated territor.y (not palestine)

intended to be excluded from Anglo-Arab
Covenant.

'Glt-

'l'hc irccur<I was almost at

l)r.r'r.rrrlx:r r4th

hand. sir Henry McMahon wrote on

l rrur gr.r.iliccl to,Lrs.rvc ilrat you agree t. thc exclusion or the vilayet
ol l\'lllsirrr rrrrl Arliur:r (Alt:x;rndretta is in this district) from the
bou.rJrii",
,l llr. Arrh rr:rril.rics......... with regard to the viiayets or areppo
ana.
lk'vr,rrr, rlrr: (lrvt'rrrrrcnr. ,[ (lreut Britain has taken iareful note'o-iyo"r

.hu'r'rrli,n*, lrrrl rn rhc.intcrr.sl.s of our Ally

to enter i,to a separate treaty with them on the understanding that

Turkey would recognise the independence of the Arab countries.
King Hussein cabled the news of this of{er to the British Government.
Our Foreign Minister, then Mr. Balfour, replied through the British
representative at Jeddah, thanking King Hussein for the loyal information, and deciaring : "Hi,s Bri.tannic Majesty's Governrnent, i,n agreenaent witle tke Allied. Powers, confirms .i,ts prezti,ous pledges respecting
tlae recogtlitioru of the independence ol the Arab countries.,,,

Anglo-Arab Covenant of lgl5 broken

Balfour Declaration of 1912.

France are involved, the queition

wlll rlrlillrl lrrrllrrl lonsirlcrrlion,;Lnrl a {uither communication on the'subject

wlll lrr.rrrlrlrrr:r.rl lo.rotr irr rluc cotrrse.

72. It will be my task to shorv how deeply these letters pledge us,

,l,lxclusion of Ii'rench Mandated territories

only provisional.

0lr.

()rr Nr,w Yr,rrr''..{ l)ir),, rr;r(r, llrt,slrcrtr,f

Prrnned his linal tretter.
rnnrh. lrir;roriliorr upon llrr,S.yriirrr rlislricts clear:
Ar ll'[rlltlx lltl ttot'lltt'ttt lttttl:' irttrl llrril to:rsls wc lurvc zrlready stated in
lrlll lrll'\'lolt', lt'llIt \vltrl $,r'tr.llr0 trlnrosl ;rossilrlc nroclilications, and all this
wttn ottly rlttttt",t lrr lo lttllil llrosc :rspirirliorli wltosc attainment is desired by
llrl u'lll ol rlu' lllr",ct'rl:rrrrl srrlrlt,nrt: (lorl. It is thc same fceling and desire
rvlrh lr lrrrpllh'rl rrs lo :rvoirl rvlr;rl nr:rv lrossihly injurc tlre alliance of Great
tlrllrtltt rtrtrl l"rttrr'r'itrtrl lltl rrgrlcrrrcrrl nlrrlc ltr:trvccr.r them in the present
wnt utrrl rrrlrrttrilir',r; .r.r.l u,t, lirrrl il our rluty lh;rl; thc liminent Minister should
lr."rrlt,llrrrl itl llrr.lirrl .p;xrrtrrrrity irItcr tlris u,ar is finished we shall ask

llo

vott (rvlrir lr wr. il.\v ;rr.r.r,l orrr t,vt,s lronr to-d:rlz)

tJ,'trtrrr. rrl ll(.\'r-r)ul ilnll on its (:o:rsls.

All Ar:rb l)emands

lor what we now

leave

to

Accepted.

?(1.

'l'lrr, ( i,r,r,r'lrrrrr,rrl, sltlisllcrl lvith this shelving, gave Sir Henry

Mr'l\lrrlr,rr lirrirl irrslnr.lirns,:rnrl he rvas able to telr the Shereef, ,,1
ltillr,tr',r'i'i,t'tl trtlt,r.r !rrtttt ,r\, ()ortrnmcnt to i.nJorm youthat all yoar
tlrutttttls trt ttttt'ltlrrl ,ottrl thut oll -\'ouash lorui,llbe sent (presttrnab-

ly

111t111'.1,

rttttl tttttttititttts).

Anglo-At':rb Covenant of l915 confirrired in

l!lltt hv llritish (iovernmcnt in agreement with
,,lllicd Powcrs.

'il:

b5r

Sur lr i:i llrr, Nlt'l\4irlr,ll .,rr.r'sprrrrl.rt,r,. 'l'hc plulgt's in it. were

fornrrrll} r,,rrlilnrt,rl in rr;rll, u,lrr,rr llrr"l'rrr.lrs lricrl lo gcl. thr: Arabs

how the establishment of a Jewisrr Nationar Home break, th.rr",

and
how, realising this, Mr. churchiir last year made a disastrous
effort
to show they had never been given, and, failing in this, threw them
into the waste-paper basket of the Colonial Office.

Palestine Arabs dennand revocation of

Balfour Declaration.

73.

On the pledges contained in the McMahon correspondence, given

at length'hereabove'but never published by the recent Government,
the Palestine delegates, who were here last year (ryzz) and who
again a few weeks ago returned to London, base their demand for
the revocation of the Baifour Declaration.
They do not base it on this correspondence alone, since they
can also base it on the Anglo-French proclamation of November, rgrg,
and since they can stiil more base it on natural rights. But they
ciaim that in addition here is Great tsrii;ain, in the person of Sir
Henry McMahon, pledging the independence of palestine to the
Arab people in the person of the then Shereef of Mecca. They claim
that this ptredge was as solemnllz renewed, as it was solemnly given
in the first place, by Mr. tsalfour in his cable to King Hussein in
r9r8.

They claim that

it

\r'as

breach

of faith for the British

(lovernment, having guaranteed Palestine as an independent State,

strltsequenlly to guarantee within it a 'Jewish National Horne', and
thcy nririrrl:rirr u,illr nn ernclrress u'hir:h cannot be questioned that
sttclr srrlrslr;u('rrl,{uirr';url('r'is rrrrll;rrrrl voirl lrrrl lhrrt lhc I}lLIforrr

_45__

-4.+Declaraticn has and has haci absolutely no value nor binding force
lvhatsoever, formeriy, now, or hereafter.

I-iniess Falestine be proved to

fall rvithin

In the Shereef's

letter

he proposes among the boundaries of the r\r'ab kingclom, independent

in every sense of the word indcpazd.cnt, tlte Persian lrantier on the

east and tlte Mediierraneait. o,u tlte zaest. Withitt tltese limits lies
Palesti,nc. Sir ilenry MoMalt.an in his second letler sa1,5, "l[/'e
acc ep t t kes e b outad arie s uit h mo tli ft cati.cns."

Couid anything be clearer

Unless Paiestine fails within the

sphere of the modifications, all is up with the Declaration of all the
Ballours and thc lcgitimac5, frtlm any point of view of the National
Honrr. f'herc is antl t:an be no bias in this statement.

Consult an Atlas.

75.

Now the mcdificaticns r'.rith equal clarity specify that '(portions

of Syria lying to the rvest of the districts of Damascus, Horns, Hama,
and Aleppo cannot be saicl to be purel3r Arab and tl:rerefore should tre

excluded" from the

i\iab

South, south, far to

hr

not so far off, ai

piace named Ras-el-Nakoora).,r

Declaration.
The claim is lumir.rous in its simplicity.

of Falestine

-tne decisive rine that rvent westward from Damascus

struck the
coast between Tyre ancl Sicloir. (As a matter
of fact, the Anglo_
Falestine-Ilranco-Syrian bo,ndary of to-day is

"rnodifications", all is up with Baifour

74.

Jerusalem, the cities and towns

the south.

boundaries.

Get an ailas of your o\i/n out, if you iike, to find what are these
portions of Syria. It is as easy as possible.

Find Dastascus firs|: it is the key place. There it is in the

centre of Syria; ror,ighlv tpeaking, the French mandatory area is
north, the British south. The French overlaps a little.
Where is the next place, no-w flotir,s ? I orth.
Where is Hama ? North again.
Where is Aieppo ? Northernmost of all.
'Ihe four towns form a line, as it were, on the desert's edge.
What are the excluded portions lying rvest oi them ? Approximately it is the country facing Cyprus, comprising thc lowns of Sidon,
Beylou{, Tripoli, Lataliia, Antioch as wc go ttll lowitrtls Alcxanclretta,
.l\'lt'rsirrir, urr<l tht' rcst of l ltt' cxt:lttrlt'tl lltlttl.
\\'lrt'r'r, rl,t'i I'rtlt':ilirrt lit'i \\'llt'r'r' ltrl llrril;r, Nlrlrltrs, Jaff;t,

Below it, safe ,rom exclusion, are the cities of palestine,

6o, go,
r:o miles belorv"

76,

Eesides, does not Sir Henry McMahon only speak

of recon_
sicreration rvhere the "interests of France are interwo'en),
? Anrt
the Shereef Hussein in his fi,al letter, has he anythi,g rlore
to ask
for but "tlte nortlaern parts a,td. tlteir clasts. . .now htJt to Ft.ott.cc,,
?
And "France" stops some r5 miles below "tyre. Ail thot is sortilr
urtr.s,

by tkeuord of Sir Henry McA,Iahon, uh.ich is tlte word. r,1 i)r,.ut

Britai,n, to jorno an i,ndeperud.ent ki,ngd,om. o.r tlte Arabs.
f

Eritish Cabinet in 1922 and Secretary

of State for Colonies.

77"

And yet our cabinet could impose a "Jewish Natiur.r;.rl Ifome ,

within these boundaries to the conservation of which it rvas ple<lgerl,
Did that cabinet put forward no defence of its actio, ? Ileltcr
by far for that cabinet if it had never clone so. But tlrrough the
mouth of Mr. Winston Churchill it did.

Secretary of State invents a province.

78.

Listen to him

_."This promise to recognise the independencc of the Arabs was givcn

subject to a reservation made in the same letter, which cxclurlcrl troiir its
scope the country lying to the rryest of the vilayct (provincc) of n:rmascus,,,
The then colonial secretary aclded th.t since this vil.,yct indud*l
the whole of Transjordania, therefore the portio.s l, llre wcst ,f ir,
the excluded portions, coverecl l)alcstinc ls it n.w is. 'l'lurt. is lr) $n.v,
he paid no attention to the narnes o[ Il.rns, Iliutrir, lrnrl Alcpp,, in
the McMahon text, the line of towns going north frorrr l)rrrrlrscrrs, lrrrt
procluced a,s from a, conjurer's tall hat u
l)amascus which satisficcl his rcquircments.

- ii;,i-Nakorrr,

linc going sorrth

frotn

f,'lls lx.lwccrr Acrc (1,;rk,slirrr.) lnrl 'l'yrt. (S),r.irr) unrl

(Syril),

rrol. bctwt.cu 'l'.yrc rrrrrl Sirlrrr

_47_

.ltt

7ll.

N,rv,

il

rlri:i

('lrrl.hilli,, rirr. w('r'c gerluine

the rvho e of syria

n',rtrLl llrvr, lrr,r,n r,rr lrrrlr,rl, sirrrr. ll.rrrs, I{arna, and AIep,

, r.lrrrh'rl

ll.r

rr,r'llr.r'rr

llrr'1. lr

slltnrls to reason that

_r

would have

if

the British
Iriglr r,rrllrr'lin1i;lrrlir':i lr;rrl rrrt,lrrrt to exclude all Syria they would
Irrrvr. rr;rr,r'ilrr,rl "Sy'i;r". 'l'lrr. lrhrirscology imputed by Mr. Churchill

lo lrirr*ir,ll rrrrrl lris t.ollclrgtrcs is preposterous.

ll yorr ol I ol' rrrr-y orrlinary man in his senses wished to
r,rt lrtrlr, l,lrrgllrrrrl ltrrrr sor.lrt' convention, should we sav, ,,We exclude
llrr, r ourrlr'.y lyirrg lo llrc r.r,est of the districts of Dover, London,
l1r:nvillr, Skr.grrlss, IIrrll, Srrnrlcrland, and Berwich',? Of course not;
u,r. :rlrorrlrl slrv "\\'r. r,rclrrrlc l,lngland."

l'10. llul llrcrc

is rvorse tlran this to come-far \,vorse. In order to

givr.rt slrow o[ [ir.t:t to his 1tlc.a, n{r. Churchill spoke of "the vilayet of
l)lrrurscrrs." 'l'lrc vilirye(s ot' provinces of Syria were those of Aleppo,
li'vrorrl , lrrrrl Srrriv;[ (orn' word Syria is a co,rruption of this).
I fr,il r.s Zor', llrr, l,r,lxrrrorr, :rtrrl .f t'rrrsirlcut were self-sufficing sanjaks
i)t r ounlilr, orrlsirlr, llrr, r,'illryt,ls; llrc l,clrirnrrn had a special autonomous
rr,p,irrrr,. 'l'lrr,,ir, rtr,r, llrr, orrl.\, tlivisiotrs oI tlre country. There is no
r rl;r!'r,l ol I )lrrrr;ru us; il rlrx's lrot cxisl. I

tll.

Nrrlrrrrrll.y,

il

is rrol lo hc fouud in lhc NIcNIahon text;

if

you

lt,irrl yorr rvill scc llrrr worrl usc<l is "distlict". As in Bnglish, it is

rr wot'rl ol lrxrsl gcrrcrirl rrrt'rrning, wit.h the sense of the immediate
rrrrllorrttrliruis o[;r cilv. lly spclliing of a supposed vilayet or province,
Nlr'. ('lrrrrllrill corrlrl nrrlic il slrctch far south, and exclude any desired
rrllclt lrcs of lclt'ilory tlrir[ gtrt in its way.

ol

'l'lrr, l'rrh'slirrc tlt'k'g:rtcs icily pointcd out to him the inexistence

Ilrr. "r'illr.t'r'l oI I )rtttlitst'tls."

llritish Minister proved wrong.

|osil.ion for t llritish Minister. He had invented a
lrlovirrt'c irrrrl ittvt'nlctl a territory. lt was in vain. He was proved
wr'onH. 'l'lrtr plt:rlgc stoocl.

t{2, A lrrllly

Now ('()lll('s what I rtrgrct to hlrve to rccall' It may well have

lrr,r,rr lhirl wlrrrn Mr. Chtrrt:lrill tnadc his rcply hc had dcpended upon
pir,oglirlrlrit lrl inlornt:tliott <lrirwn frottl lrrr oificiirl of his Ministry wiro
Iurrl rrurrk, lr ntistirlit,. Mirristcls rrrrrl oifit ills itrc ltttttta,t attcl nralie

tn

irlirlr cs.

But, when the errors are discovered, what do they do ? \4re have
treen prone to think that they honourably repair them and revoke

any action founded upon the error. Did Mr. Churchill set about
redeeming the British pledge ? Liste, to his astonishing reply to
the Syrian Delegation.
The comments you were good enough to offer (i.e., ,,There is no
vilayet of Damascus"). . . were carefuily considered by the Secretary
of State, rvho, after consuiting the authorities concerned with the early
correspondence betrveen Sir Henry }{cN{ahon and the King of the
Hedjaz" (i.e., after consulting Sir Henry McMahon) ,,decided to
mahe a modificaticn in the draft on a point of fact." The Syrians
were proved right, so h'Ir. Churchill altered a word or so in his draft
reply to them. No more.

England's Honour.

83.

means. The Seuetary of State took

up his reply to the Syrian Arabs, crossed otit his own vilayet, ,,the
vilayet of Churchili", put in ('Dis'trict of Damascus,,, left out ,,Ifoms,
Hama, and Aleppo", added '(this district has alwal,s been regarded as
covering the vilayet of Beyrout and the independent sanjak of
Please understand what this

Jerusalem."

Where was the recognition of the proved pledge ? There was

none. Where was the pledge ? It had gone into the rvaste*paper
basket. It had been suppressed. Unable to disprove it, the British
Iilinister says, ((it ha^s alivays been regardecl" as what it is not, and

for him that closes the affair.

And the word and honour of England, built up so painfully and
lengthily by generations of Civil Servants and soldiers and merchants
who have always in all parts of the globe kept their word ? In the
r,vaste-paper basket, too.

_ 49_
[[ow the trgZl Draft of palestine MantXate
tallies rvith Mandate as Confirmed by Council.

PART III
86'

The Palestine Mandate-os ssnfivrnsfl-Compured

tuith its " tgzt Final Draft" and with the " rgzr
Finsl Draft of the Mandate for lraq" as presented
to the British Pqrliamertt.

The terms of the Farestine Mandate, as contained in the

said v/hite Paper of tTzr, were identical with its terms
as
confirrned by the Council of the League on the z4th of Jaly,
r922, except for certuin rnaterial alterations in the preamble and
in Articles l, 8, g, rr, 17, 25, zZ, arrd zg apafi from certain
immaterial amendments in construction in some other articles
including Articles t5, tg, and zo.

Alteration in Preamble.

84.

of light given by the ext(acts contained in

the preceding Part, the following brlef references are rnade to
the Iraq Mandate and to the Palestine Mandate itself in their
respective forms as "Final Drafts" presented to Parliament by
Command of His Majesty in August, rg2r. These "Final
Drafts" had been formulated (as explicitly stated on the first
page of Command Paper No. r5oo) "for the approvai of the
Council of the League of Nations."
trn the flood

87'

upon by the British Governrnent in the correspondence exchanged with the Paiestine Arab Deiegation.

Attention, however, is invited to the value of these articles

which, as hereabove shown, (in part tr), were substituted
by
Article t6 c,f the Lausanne Treaty.

Mandate for Iraq explicitly specified fourth

paragraph of Artiele 22 of Covenant of League.

85. As regards the Maqdate for trraq it is sufficient to observe

( r ) that the preamble thereto explicitly specifies the fourth
parugraph of Article zz of the Covenant of the League of
Nations, and (z) that the whole of its zo Articles entfuely
with the zo Articles composing the Mandate for Syria
and the Lebanon alrnost letter by letter with the exception of
Article r 6 which in the trraq I\{andate spoke of local autonomy
for Kurdish areas while the corresponding article in the Mandate
for Syria and the Lebanon dealt with the use of the French
languagc in addition to Arabic.
agreed

-43

As regards the preambre the important difference is that

in the rgzr draft specific reriance is made on Articles t3z and

95 of the abortive Treaty of sdvres. These articres were relied

Alteration in Article

1.

88.

Another very important alteration is the substitution

of
the whole of Article r by an enrirely different version.
In the
tgzr draft, Article r stood as follows :
His tsritannic 1\fajesty shaii hal,c the right to exercise as
Mandatory u,
the powers inirerent t" trie Go"e.n;;-"i';'"S;;.r.rd'it;i.;'r"il"il'irr.,
rnay be limited by the terms of the prescnt lianOate.

As confirmed this Article reads as follows

The Mandatory shall }ravc full porvers of lcgislation

trrtl of 'save as they rnay be rimitcd by tric tcrms,[ irris nrurrtrrrr(.. urlnrinittnttlon,

Alteration in Article

89. without stopping at akerations

22.

such as those in Articles

8 and 9 (dealing with Capitularions ancl Judicature),

let

uc

--

.5o

t(, Arliclcs z7 antl zB in eaclr of which

,l rt' r il ,t lt t:s1'lt'ci,tl t'clcv,tncc ancl importance'

'l),r',';

the alterations rnade

Itt tlrt' ttl .', "liirr.rl t)raft" Article 27 rlfls

as

follows

,l,lr, r,,rrr,rrl rrl tlrr.('(,11il(.il ,,f tlrc l,cagrrc 0f Nations is rcquired {or any
thut in tlte
lr,rrllrr, rlr,,rr .l 1,,, ,,1"" "i f t"' p'''"'"1 nnrtnl't!t' ltr-ot'idrtl
-case
ntoj be gluen
ronstill
Xltnittirtrt''ttrtlt
l't'lltt
'tl t,,t t':,',ltlt,'tl|'tt l't'tltrtxr'rl

l,t tt r,t,t,,

trl y

ll lltt ('ttlllttil

'lltl it',rttl "7rtt'scttt" is rcplaced by "this"' The

'llrr'r!ilttlr; (tll il,llirs) ll.tvc llcctr omittcd'

rest of

I lrr', r,'r';r()ll lttlly sttpports thc obicct oI this tnemorandum

they
.r', r( tl.rttl:' llrr.' (,rl),lcity ol thc llrirish Covcrnment_-if
modifica.rrl1' u'i'ill ,rrltl cllot>sc so to do-to secure at least such
with that
ti()r)s,ls slrottltl rll;rkc thc Palestine Mandate identical
trl Syri,t.ttrtl lr.rt1, i.r:,, "in rccordance with the fourth patagtaplt
ol Arliclt' .'.'. ol tltc ( 'ovttlatrt clf thc l-eague of Nations" but
because'
rvilltottl ,tll)' l)r()visiotr l<>r tlrc Jcwish National Home'
lol t,',ts,,rrri.tlt.t',ttly st'rtccl, no such provision would be cornp,rtilrlt' tt'itlr sttclt "l'ourtb paragraph"'

Altcrittiott in Article

28

t)ll. l,rsl Irttl troI lcrst, corlles the alteration in Article z8'
'llr.'.rltt't',ttiott lrcre mainly consists in the substitution of the
mandate heteb(l
\\'"r(ls . "ltt lltt tt't'rtl ttf tha lerninttliotl of the
"in the
l rtttlt'tr,'rl trltrtrt lltt' ll'lttntlul<'trt1 ' for the words
con{erted upon the
r'r'l'r,l { tl tltr' tt't rrtitttrlit'n <tI lhc tn(tnd(tlc
Al rrttrlrrl,,t r1 ltrl I lti:; I )ctlurutit'ttt"
"Balfour
Ilr,' " l)r'tlrtrrtli'ttt" is ccrtainly nought but the
I )et l.rr.rll()ll" ( i(ctl irt tllc prcamblc'
Wclc l'he tlltcrirtions tlue to the failure
tll' Scvres 'l'rcitlY I
that the
1)1. 'l lrt' t',1 ''' 1 l'e rsiott cottt'tirttttl tlccisivc cvi(lcncc(]ovcuant
:': o['tttc
vt,l,tltr)ll ()l tltt'ltttttllr ll'tl''tgr'tlllr ol Articlc
r,lllrr.l.,.rl,irtew,lSl\ll()\^/ilrlily.rrrtltlelitlcr..rleIytttltlctltteccotln[

5r

and for the sake of the Jewish Nationai F{ome. But

it aiso
substantiated the other equaiiy serious grie'ance of
the deriberate
disregard of the solemn British and Allied pledges ro
rhe Arabs.
Hence, perhaps, the arterattons introduced iir the
formuration.
92' should ir be suggested thar the arteration in ArricTe zg,
like thar in ttrre Frearnble, confirrned on the z.gh of Jaly,
tgzz,
were due to the fear tbat in the fie\y treaty of peace
with
Turkey no such provislons as those of Articles t3z and
95 af
the Sdvres Trcaty would be embodied, the suggestion
would
only go to cement and confirm the argument baseci on Articre
r6
of the Lausanne Treaty which is draftecl in a form entirely
co,sistent with ( r ) the Britislr pledges made to
Hussein
(z) the Anglo-French proclarnarion of igrg, King (Z)
and.

the

fourth paragraph of Article zz of the Covenant of the L"rg*u

of Nations. This argument has been ad.vanced in Fart tr.
Was the Balfour Declaration onl-v means to
a British Mandate in palestine i

93'

Another suggestion would be tbat without choosing,

deliberately and openly, to disregard the pledges mad,e by
her
to the Arabs in r g r 5 at least as regards the Arab territory subsequently demarcated, as Palestine, Great Britain had no ground
whatever for any claim to such territory; and the ptrea
of the
"recognition of the historical connection of the
Jewish people
with Palestine and of the grounds for reconstituting their
National Home in this country', was, consequenttry, advatced
ro secure a position in this country-so exceedingly and vitally
essential for the protection of the British claims and interests;
"Suez Canal", "the route to India", ,,Akaba,,, ,.Supremacy
in
lhe [4eclitcrrancan" ; "Haifa-Bagdad-Railw.-ry',, crc. erc.
lntcr.nationalisation of palestine.

!)'l' 'l'rwrrcls

(hc

cnd,[

trrc year

r9r6 and thr.,ghout

thc

- 52early pafi of rg 17, the Atrlied Powets, inctruding France, wete

not finaily agreedas to the future of the "teffttory of Falestine".
It is therefore open for any body to imagine that with the
British pledges in existence which recognrzed (Vide the
McMahon-King Flussein correspondence hereabove quoted)
a cefiain portion of northern Syria in favour of France leaving
Palestine as a territory wherein the "independence of the Arabs"
was "to be recognized and supported by Great Btita7n", France
and even Italy would have favoured the scherne of an rfiterna'
tionatrisation of Palestine as an outlet from the British pledges.

But w-hen matters took that shape it may have occurred to

British potricy to utilize rhe support of the Allied Powers as
against the force of the Palestine share in those pledges as an
occasion to oust the claims of other Allies by bringing out into
the field a policy in favour of a National Home for the Jewish
people whch in rhose days of a Turkish caliphate, then likely
to be transforrned into an Arab caiiphate, natatally arnounted
to a challenge which would not be ventured by any power other
than the greatest Moslem Wortrd Power of Great Britain'
'L'he
These remarks, however, are not mere imagination'
internationatrisation of Palestine was seriously discussed. This
is evidenced by the following extracts from Mt. J. M. i\. Jeffries"
Inquiry "The Palestine Deception" (page r 5-t7) :

95,

Our mistakes began early. But the earliest of them, strangely

enough, is one for which there is most degree of excuse, since in making
it we were tied by 4rrangements with our Allies. This was the agreement negotiated in 1916 between Sir Mark Sykes on behalf of Great

Britain and M. Picot on behalf of France, under which British and

French spheres of influence in the Near and Middle East were so
divicled that syria was separated into three sections-British, French,
iut<l ulrtive, the northcrnmost Iirench zone lieepiug the narne of
,,Syriil". 'l'hc' linc ()f tlcnrilrcation wils termed the Sykes-Picot line,
IUul il wirs flssrrrilrrl lltitl; ccrtirin of the sortthern sectiotts of syria
wortll lx' irtlcrtrtll iorrttlistxl'

-53Why this proposed internationaiisation ? Because thcse southern

sections contained the Holy Places of christendom. Falestine is
nothing but the southern part of Syria.

Special Position

for Great l3rita.in in Falestine

sought by Anglo-Arab Treaty before Mandate

,came into force and before Lausanne Treaty
was signed.

96. In further substantiation of the earnest desire on the

part of Great Britain to secu(e a position in palestin e refercnce
may be made ro the Anglo-Arab Treaty which after lengthy
negotiations was actually initialled by Lord Curzon on rhe onc
side and by King Hussein on rhe orher and of which an "official
resum6", was published by the Covernment of palestine in the
month of July, rg23, (it being rcmembercd that the Trcaty of
Lausanne was signed only on the z4th of July, rg4).
97. According to the said "official resum6', ,,the tcxt o[
Article z" (of the Anglo- Arab treaty) is as follor,vs :
His tsritannic Majesty
dependence

undertaltcs

to

rccognizr: ancl ..upport

th. i.-

of the Arabs in rraq encl rransjordan a'rl thc Arab'states,f

trrc

Arab Peninsula exclusive of Aden. As regaris pareslirtt, ilis Rritruanic .4,rrt ji:t
has already undertaken that nothing will be rlone in rjrut. coutrt.rv utlrit:h'ltuv-t
frejudice tke "riuiL astd rerigious rights" ol the .rrttb ro,ntittirv. t,r tt,,
'event of the Governrnents of any or ali of thesc tcrrit.riui r.xprr.ssing tlrc
,desire to enter into an association for customs or othcr pur,posr.s
ivitlr r'vicw
.to eventual con{ederation, His tsrita,nic Majesty ri.ill, if rcqucstcd to r.lo s,
.by the parties concerned, use his good offices to furthcr thii desirc.
His Flashimite l\rlajesty recognizes the special posirion of I-Iis Brir.annir:
I\{ajesty in rraq, Transjordan ard polestini, awr u.ndcrrukt,s rhut in su,ch
mdt|ers as conoe zuitltin Llt.a iti.Jluence o! IIis Ilashinrirr ll,t jrsr t t.uttr.'t,nittg
t_hese countries, h.e will do his btsl to co-opcrdle u:irlt. ltis tliil,tirtti,. Illt jtsl
.v
ik the lulfrlrnent oJ his obligations.

98. Article r9 of the said Anglo-Arab tre.rty ats<> rcfcrrcd

to Palestine; and according to thc said "rflicial resurrrc" it w,rs
an article whiclr "providcd"
:

'l'lrrrt noltritrI in llris lrr.lrly ulurll,,r',.rri,lt: irrry 6lrliglrlilrr.; llrtrl rrlty 1:rgr
lx'ctt ittcttrtctl rtt ttt:t.v itt lttltttc lx'irrIrrIrr.rl lry t,il,lrr.r ol llrr,llipilr rrrrrlr.lrclrrrg
p,rrlies rrrrrk'r' llrr. ('uvlnlrrrl ol' llrr. l,r.,rluc ol N;rliorrs

-55Iltlfour I)eclaration poXicy

clramatically
f ruslllttes Anglo Arab Treaty negotiated

itt

1ll2:\-24

ll:). 'l'ltis

rcsttttti'w;ts published in Palestine in order to

llr()(ulr llrt'.rc<;ttit'sccncc o[ thc Palestine Arabs in such of the
[rrrvt' r;rrtrlcrl provisiorrs ls clearly implied and rcf.erued to the
l',rllsl irrc N1,rnrl,rt,,' rvitlr its []all'or,rr Declaration policy, and
tirr'tt'lry rlrlr'.tl .urtl t,)ulll('r',lct ottcc fttr all lheir persistent reliance
.rr lltl llr itislr lrlltllit's Itr.rclc tt.t I(ing Ilusscin-from which the
I rr sl ,r r)(l S('(()n(l l);rlcstinc Aratr Dclegations would not be
,1

su't't

vt'<1.

llX).. 'l',r conrl-r1,.'tc thc story, however, a Third Pslestine

rlrtlr l)rltttrttit),) \\,.rs clcctcd by thc Sixth Palestine Arab Confir(',,\, ( )rr tlrrs l)clcg;ttion thc author was Member an+
Slr rr't,r r \'. I lri:i I )t'le grtion opposcd. King Hussein's attentr()n w.ls rnvitt'rl to lhc int.ricacics involved in this treaty. His
rlcvotiorr (o l).rlcstirrc clcprcciated in his sight the other ad\',urt.lf,,('l.i t,f'tlrt: tlc,rty. IIc would not care for it if the fate of
l',rllsl irrc rvt'r't' lo bt' cncllugcred, The British Government on
tlrl ol lrt'r' lr.trrtl woulcl not insist on the treaty in the face of the
,,ppt,sition [ry tlrc [)clcgatior-r. King Hussein sent a special
rr'lrrlscrrt,rtrvc to l),rlcstinc who, on the zznd of August, r923,
ronvryt',l,,rl llrc ()tlicc oI the Palcstinc A.rab Executive at
,lr'rrrs,rllrrr, llis Vl.rit':;ty's nrcssagc to the people of Palestine to
tlrl r'llct t tlr,tr lrt' r'"'ottld ne vcr clldorse the Balfour Declaration
1

r.,l it'y

tly tlrc rrtorttlr of Dcccmber the negotiations between

the
llritislr (iovt'rrrnrcnt ln<1 King Husscin werc said to depend upon
,ur ,rc(('l)l.rrrcr', by thc l;rltcr, of a ncw version to Articlc z of the
t,r',rty ra, lriclr provitlctl l'or tltt' tstablishmcnt in Palcstitlc, irs soon
.rs por;rilrlr', ol .r n,tliott.tl reprcscntalivc irtcltlpcntlcnt Sovcrlll"llcnt
(iovtr t'ttttrt'ttt l't'cogtrizr:tl tllt: I).rlfour I)cclaral)1ovr(lr'(l llr.rt sttelt

tion as interpreted in the British Government's statement of

Policy contained in the White Paper.

By the zznd of January, 1924, King Hussein, then at

Amman, had completed his discussions with representatives of
Palestine and Syria including the auttrror and received from
them their final demands, of which items 5 and 6 insisted on
the rejection of the Balfour Declaration policy as being "contrary to natural right and incompatible with the pledges made
ro His Majesty".
King Hussein refusing to visit Jerus2lsm-whs1s His
now are in the Holy Area of Al-Aqsa-unless it
was recogrlized as the capital of an Arab Independenr State,

Blessed Relics

returned to His Throne at the other Holy Ciry of Mecca which

he was subsequently compeiled to forsake and come to the
strategic sea-port of Akaba whence he was transported, on a

British man-of-rvar, as a refugee, to Cyprus, and thence back to

[111p2n-where he had, for the sake of the Arab Holy Land
of Palestine, rnade up his mind not to endorse the Balfour
Declaration poiicy-and that was rhe End.

57

tion as contained in the "White

PART

XV

'l'he Jetuish National Home; Its Officisl

Inte{pretation; A Jewish Stste in irs

Oriqinal

Desiqn.

-'-"r/+*/'2^'--'

Pa2ter of tgzz', (i:ut not

without the rcmark that the Arabs of palestine have, nevertheless, continued to reject this policy without any hesitation and
with no hope for a compromise on its grounds).
The British Governm ent, again voicing Jewish opinion,
officially stated on the zgth of. June, r gzz :
His Majesty's Government re-affrrm the Declaration of November, 1917,
-.
which is not susceptible of change. A Jewish National Home wiil te iounded in Palestine as of right and not on sufferance. (See page 30, White Faper,
1922, Statement of Folicy).

103. The interpretation hereabove alluded to is given on

page 19 of the said "White Papef' of t9zz, and runs as
follows

l0l.

An honest disclosure of the facts upon which the Jewish

N;rtionirl Flome policy was cvenrually adopted and declarcdby
ttlc Britisb (i6vcrnmcnt would be incomplete if it were not to
c0mprisc ccrtain salicnt cvcnts and circumstances without which
t,lrc cnrboclintcttt of this policy in Article 95 of the Treat)r of
Slvrcs, i1 tftc clraft Mandate of Ig2I, and in the final draft of
t q22, its con[irmcd, to warrant international recognition, would
bc too cliflicult to con.iecture.
It is not the policy itself alone that supplies a Gordian
knot in tl-ris world problem. The insistence by its prornoters
.rnd a{trcrcnts on a formal "recognition" is andther Gotdian
krrot lly I1() rllcal'ls of less importance.
Ancl to tiay that thc "rccognition" is the main element in
tIis p6licy scclls to makc it all the more complex and incapable
of solution,

llritish

lll2. llclorc

(iovernment's Interpret'ation of
.Iewish National Home.

procccding to sct ottt thc matcri"rl events and

circrlnlslilllccs bcaring ort lhis issttc, it trtly bc convcnicnt to give
thc tlrit islt ( iovcrtrntcttl's i ntcrprct ;tt iotr ol' t lrc Balfour Declara- 5l) -

the last two or three generations the Jews harre recreated in

- During
-Palestine
a community, now numbeiing 80,000, of whom about one_fourth
are farmers or workers upon the land. This community has its own political
organs; an elected assembly for the direction of its domestic concerns;
elected councils in the towns; and an organisation for ttrre control of its
schools. rt has its elected chief Rabbinate and Rabbinical council for the
direction of its religious affairs.

Its business is conducted in Hebrew as a vernacular language, and a

Hebrew press servea its needs.
It has its distinctive intellectual life and displays considerable economic
activity.

This community, then, with its town and country population, its political,
religious and social organisations, its own Ianguage, its own customs, its own

iife, has in fact "national" char.acteristics.

When it is asked what is meant by the development of the Jewish
I{ational Ifome in Palestine, it may be answered that it is not the imposition
of a jewish nationality upon the inhabitants of Palestine as a whotre, but tlre
further development of the existing Jewish community, with the assistance of
Jervs in other parts o{ the 'lvorld, in order that it may become a centre in
rvhich the Jewish people as a whole may take, on grounds of religion and race,
an interest and a pride.
But in order that this community should have the best prospect of free
development and provide a full opportunity for the Jewish people to display
its capacities, it is essential that it should know that it is in Palestine as of
right and not on suf{erance.

That is the reason whir it is necessary that thc cxistencc of a Jcwislr

National Home in Palestinc rihould be internationally guarantccd, anrl that

it should be formally recognised to rest upon ancicnt historic connccl.ion.
This, then, is the interpretation which His Majcsty's Govcrnmcrrt plu<:r:
upon the Declaration of 1917, and, so undcrstood, Lhe Sccrclury of Stlt.c
is of opinion that it docs not contain or imply rrnything which ncr,rl crrusc
either a'larm to thc Arab population of Palcstinc or rlisa;poinl.nrenl lo thc
J

cirs.

I04. 'fhat

this intcrprctation might not havc disappointcd

sonrc ()f thc.lcws in thc nronth o[ Jttnc, rg22, when the

--58-

- 59-

Mandate for Palestine was not yet conflrmed must be regarded

as a matter of very secondary irnportance.

old toundati,orc. Twice they broke out i, desperatc re',lr irr rrrr,
reigns of Hadrian ancl Trajan-ancl lor
)rears they rvilh:;lolrl tlrl
whole power of Rome.

TIre interpretation was to dispell the alarm of the Palestine

Arats. This was the object. -fhis object was not achieved.

Story of a Jewish National }Iorne Internationalfy

Guaranteed

accol'ding to. 1\{r. Norrnan

Ilentwitch.

105. Let us therefore survey the

reasons and the motives

"Jewish
underlying a
Home" in Palestine "by right and not on
sufferance" "internationally guaranteed" "and formally recognized to rest upon ancient historic connection."

106. To do this no better source of honesty and authority

can be resorted to than the book en-titled "Palestine of the Jews"

by Mr. Norman Bentwitch, published in the yeat rgrg, (it

being always remembered tlrat the abortive Treaty of Slvres
was signed on the roth of August, tgzo).
The following extracts from this book shouldbe adequate.
The world fame of Mr. Norman Bentwitch as an authority on
fnternationalLaw must warrant the importance of these quotations from his book. (The headings and italics are not in the
original. )

,,
107.

Palestine to Jews "tr,and of Prormise."

To the tr{ebrews, sirrung Irom tritres of Arab nomads and

delivered from the slavery of Egypt, Canaan rvas the land of promise,
flowing with milh and honey, the cirosen place for the chosen people.

Christian ltreresy Wrong.

I08.

The Christian heresy taught that the iollowels of 1he true fail"h

ha<l plrsst.:tl bcyoncl their narrownt'ss rr,[ ttitliotralisttt, ;rtttl the Itcw
('ily ltrirl rrp itr Ilcitvett.
It'rrrs;rlt'rrr in whit:h ils lropt's rvt'rr: st't u,rts lt

llrrl llrc ntititt lrnrlv lrt'ltl llrrrr lo llrt'olrl i,lt'ltls, ltrrrl tfit'rislrtrl lvitlr
;ritssirrrr:rlt' ;tt'rlrrttt' llrlir ltolrr"t rti It'-r:,t/t/ltlishitrtl lht' ,\rtttr lttrtr.\' tttt ils

Rest,oration of the Temple.

109.

The people's cieep love for the c,urtry,l)l)(,;lr.i,,r.r,r.r,rrl ,r'r,l

again in quaint ftabbinical ir5rperboles: as [,r r.xarrrlrr* u,rrr,rr ir r,'

said; "only he who has eaten the brearl of lhc lirnrl or' lrl,lrr,l lirrrrun
how bread tastes" (Talmud, Tr. sanheclri'); ,r'.grri,. "llr, lvrr, rrirr
walked four miles in the land of Tsrael is rrssrrrr,rl .I rr qrlrrr r, irr llrr.
next woild" (Ibicl., Tr. Itethuba). l\lor.t. st,r'iilrrsl1, llrr. ,,;rrrrr. lr,r,llrrpr
finds expression in the reitcurlr,<l rrlrpr,;rls itr llrl lilury,\, l,t. llv t,l,rtrl,l
i.tcg of Jerttsol,tnt ontl lltt rtslortrlitlll 1tl lht,'l'r'nt l,lr'.

.]els t,s..letvs.
110.

By the bitter irony of history llrr, lrnrrrt.h ol tlrr,,fr,u,i,,lt lrr,rr;rlrr

which had carried part o[ its teut:hirrrl lo llrt, lrr,lrllrr,rr lrr.r irrlr, tlrr,
oppressors of the parent trrrnli, artrl tlrr' 111'11, 111iy;:;iorlrr.rr,r rrl tlr,lru,rv
morality waged an internecinr: ft,rrrl tlillr llrlir. t.r,lit,ilrr.r r ir,ll,r l'h,'
ai,ctorious sect uere anxiotts

to

cs'tlttrlt, lht, ,1,',t,,t ltrtnt

their Joun,der kad been put Io tlrtlh, utrrl

unJaithJul who had dlnicrl him.

ltt

1t1111',,

lht llttrt rt,httt.

th, l,tttrl rtl lht,

Prophet Moharnrrrerl's clirirrr lo .lrrrrxrrlonr.

111.

Five years previously (62: ('.1,1. \ llrtltrrrtrttrr'ri lr,rrl lllrl ln l\llrllrr,r

from I\{ecca. In the first ),ears of lris 1,r'r,;rllrirr;, i\lllurrrrrrr,rl u,l{rrrrlr'rl
trrtr,r'r.ligirrrr, lrrrrl lrr lrrnl rrrrlrrl

Jerusalemastheappointedcentt'uoIrrll

his foilowers to tr:rn to 1he lIoly Nlorrrrl

But later when he was irnxiotts

ol

l\'lori;rlr irr

pl;11,1.1

1o rlissrrr i;tlr, lri.r lnll,'u'r,r.r

lrlrn

Jewish practices, he relliscd 1lr:rl (lrc rr,ligious r lrrllr, rrru,il lrr.r lrrrrrpr,
and he altered the "l(ilrl;r" frrrrtt .f t'r'rrsrrllrrr lo Nllr r ;r

lilsl olr,ir,r livr,,, rrl tlr' \l,,lr,rrrr

'I'ltt:
prolrltt't
ln llrr, urrl lo r rrlrlurr' ll
hirrrsclI
rlit,tl
medan arnries.
(r38
and in
thc llltltlc oI lht'\'lrrnttt]i, ottt oI llrr' ;itr';rl lrt'.rt'. rrr1nl,1 rl
the u,orkl's hislorv, lr'11 lht'lrolv cilt, :tl llrc rttltr), {rl llrr lrlrrrlil,
Jerusalcnr howct,t'r wrs on(,oI llrr,

'l'lrt. r'orrtlut'trrt gtr;tntttlt't'tl frlcrlottt of tt'li;:i,rtt', rr','t,.lrilr

l,

rrll

rk'rronrittttliotts, lrttl ltl ctt'r'lcrl rt nt'rv slttittt' ,rf llrl r)u\\' r rt'(l otr lltr'

silr,,rI llrr, Ilolr,'l'r'tttlrlr'.

- 6o-

-6r-

Irrench Revolution and Concoldat of

The noble-hearted Jewish philanthropist

entertailred, in comrnon
'with the best of the ema.ncipated
Jeivs of ihe time, a profound

17g6.

ll2.

'l'lrc l,'rr'rt'h ltt"v'.lulirxr, which heralded a new era for humanity,

us111.11'11 itr lrlso :r n(,w orit for l.he
Jew.
(it'ntilc
lVhiL, llrr,
pcoples were proclaiming Liberty, Equality
irttrl llrirlt.rrrily, Ir'orrr iinr()r'r,!,{ thc Jews a cry was raised,,Out of the
It'llxrl, irrlrr lltt'hrrrrrirrr." I'hat rvas the idea implicit in the Mendelsrrrlrrrirrrr "r.rrliglrlcrrrrrt,rrl ", ltrrrl it guirlecl the Paris Sanhedrin ol r796
tvltlllr qr,lrlr,rl llrr.('orrlot'rllrl lxrtnct:n the Jelvs of France and the
l,'rr.ttt

lr

ltr.lrrrlrlit

in

lrr llrr.

rrrrcit:rrt rvr>rlcl they had been national when

: rrolv thcv becanre cosrnopoiitan when

all
all

others
others

wt'tt'tt;tIi,rtt;tl.

Nir;lolcolt'ri ilrvit:rtion in

1799.

!.1. ll

r., trol r.uol'llr.y, lrolvt'r'r.r', tlrtrt Napoleon, who) as First Consul,

lul llrr.('otrt:otrllrt. r,f .icrvr'_v
tl-re I,'rcnch $tate, on invading
"vith
l,l,iypl irrr,l S.r'rirr irr r7r19 r'c;rlist'rI the unclying appeal of Palestine, and
i:r:irrcrl iru itrvil;rliott t,r lltr:.lt'rls of r\sia and Africa to settle again
urrrh,r' lri, ,r, rli- irr .llltt:rrrllttt. llc ptrblishcd a political manifesto to
llrr, r,rrrl iu tlrr' 'Ilottiltttt t'rtivclr;cllc' (No. 243).

1rt'r',u'rl

Itrrl lri.;rllr''nlll to lrt'1hc nrrxlcru CyiLrs had even less fruition

llurrr llrr';rlllrr)!)l oi llrt' l'irrtlteror Jttliirn r,5oo yeals previously. His
l,lrrrlr,r'rr r':rrrrllrirru r'rrlllllslrl llcfot"c .\t'rc. and I'alcstine remained under
llrr, trti.pi,,rrrtttttt'trl rtf lltt"l'tttli:i.

A prollosrrl l'or' :r .Icwish Commonwealth

in
lll-r

1827.

\\ illrirr ;r slrorl lirrrt', ittrlt't:rl, l'alcstinc w&s coDqtlcred by

llrlrrlrinr llrr' ;,'rr oi IIt'ltrtttct Ali, thc l'lLsha o[ Irlgypt, wl.ro ]rad made
lrirrr',r'l l srrllrrrr. lrttritr ltis slron( t ttlt' tltt'rc wits a prontisc oI l:etter
I

feeling,

;;;;.._

pression with him in the effort to re_establish

there a -Tewish Common_

Jerusalem was inscribed on his coat of arms, and the desire

of
his heart rvas to see Falestine again peopled by
Jeu,s.
But before his pia^ of cotronisation co*rd be started
Mehemet AIi
had been cornpeiied by the European powers to
renounce his sway
over Syria and to restore the country to Turkey.

\.v('r'r. ( r)sr)rollolil;rn

for the country of Israel,s prir, *f*.f,

wealth.

A Jewish state in Farestime unctrer British Frotection

to secure R,oute to Inalia : proposed ln 1g82.

lrronl (hsmopolitanisrn to Nationalisrn.

ll:1.

idealised form,

lrirrfl,.

\\lr,rr lir \1,,.r': i\lottlt'li,rrt'lrltirl lris lrlsl visil lo llrr: lloly I,attd
irr rli.'7 lrl rrr, llrrrrlrirrr lttttl ttt';oli;rlcrl rvillt Irittt lt'i lo lllr'.lt'wis.h
rrrloni,,rliorr ol Ilrr,rlr,,r.tlr,rl lrlrrrrr lttttl rilllttlt':i oI tltt'tottlttt'-r'.

116.

English Christians as rvell as Engiish -[ews cherished

the idea
of Jewish re-settlement in the Holy Larcl as a step
torvards the furfirmeret of prophecy; and in rg46 colonel George
claivler sent to the
Queen and to the leading rnen of the country, a book entittred (The
Tranquiliisation of syria and tire East by the Estabtishment
oiJewish

Colonies

in

Palestine.,

Similar in tendency was the work of Hollingsrvorth, who

in his
'Jews in Palestine' (rg5z)urged the re-establishment of a
Jewish state
under British protection as a means of securing the overrand
route to
India.

Liberation of ltaly : a pretrude to re_triirth

of .Iewish Nation (1960).
717. rt was in the "Rorne and Jerusarern" of a German sociarist,
Moses Fless, published in 186o, that the revival which had been
generated by these external facts obtained its first clear literary
expression.

As the title of his work suggested, Hess saw in the triberation of

prelude to the retrirth of the Jewish nation. with the
freeing of the Eternal city on the Tiber began that of the Eternal
city on Mount Moriah : with the renaissance of Itary the resurrection
of ludea.

rtaly the

Lord fJeaconsfield should have

Il8.

.Iews to Holy Land.

Ilcrrlinlrntl I,irsslr'llc, rrlr,rrl. lhc sanrc tiurc

restored

rrs r)israeli was conr-

-$2-l)r),ilrr, ,\it'r)\', \l'ol(, in his rliarS,: ,,i krr,e to picture mysclf sword in
Ir;irrrl lt.;rrlirrg lr;rt.li lltl ltilrts rri Islucl to their l:ome.,,
li.l lr rv.r'r'rli't'r'l.rl i.rrrr llrt'irlcar ambitions of their youth to
olll't r rl1:ir.-, lr(,,;l1rr. irr 1lrt,it. rllr-r,, there Seetxer:l to be 1O JewiSlf
l\lor, tttlttl l, lr.;rrl.
\ r,t ,rr, .l llrr, iitr(,st irl.g;rls .l li.;1iish public opinion, the
fi;r.r l;rlrrr , rli,r l;r'r,ri. "ll l,rrr.rl lit,lrr.rr,slleltl (lrt the Congress of Berlin)
Irrrl lrr','rl llr. ll.l1' l,;rrrrl;rrrrl rt.irrrt,tl rlrt:.fcivs, insteacl of pottering
jrlrl111

lll

He was at once joined by several of the Jervish inteilectual leaclers,

.among them Max Nordau and Barnard Lazare, the Charnpion of
Dreyfus, in France, and Israel Zangwill in England.

But he was atrmost immecliately opposed and savagely attaclied

bv the communal leaders in Western Europe, u'ho regarded his crt' as
a nlenace to the tranquil enjoyment of the political and civil enr-ancipation which the preceding generation had won.

irst practical rneasure : Jewish English

Companies to acquire land in Palestine
F

lyitlr li,rrrrrrr,li;r ;rrrrl ,\l:,lrrrtri,;llrrr, lrc tvotrlrl have r.liecl Dictator,r,

as a nrind of, "national domain".

l,lr,l;rlrlisitrrrr.nl in lrirle;tin<, of. a lrublicly_

St.r.rr rt,tl ln(l l,(.glli [.r.-(iuartntcetl I-Ionle for
.!ewlsh lreople : l,trcr.zl,s plan in lgt]7.
I

-63-

121.

'l'lrr' {r'rrrlt' sr't'lrnr

.r -f t'.isli inrrnig.i..tion back to tire country,

llrl lir';rrlrr;rl lr.ir.lilirtr^1 oI llrrrl inrrnigr.lrtirrrr l.rlrck to the soi], preceded
Ittttl l,r,ltrlrl lltr. ritorvllr oi lr r',rrtru.i6rts rltli6tt;tl 6t6t,cntg1l. fgr making
l',rlr",lirrr. ,rr,trirr llrl ltnrnr, ol llrr, .lr,r,r,islr ;x,o1rlt{.
ll u;r , rr,,l till tlr, rrirrr.lr,t'rrllr t.t.trt,r.y lr^rl neurly run its course,

;rrrrl

r Vir'rrrr.sr' lrlrt r,vliglrt rrrrd litt(,ratetrr, Theodor xlerzl,

lo lrrll .l lrvislr r.onsciotrsne-*s lrv lhe sharne of the Dreyfus
r rt''r', t ltlllrl it ( ollt,l('SS 9[
.lt'1,ish rt,ltrt'Seltirlivg men at BaSle in
rrr r l{r;7, llr;rr

lrirn:it,ll'slurrpi

The irnmediate objective of a Charter for Jewish colonisation

$/as not attained, though Flerzl by his personal magnetism and
cliplomatic genius was altle to -secure the support of sevelal of the
rilonarchs and chancelleries of Europe.

But the 'financial instrument' was established as an English

Cornpany-the Jewish Colonial Trust-with a nominal capital of

two rnillions, towards uhich a quarter of a million was subscribed in

the first year. In addition a "Jelvish National Fund" lvas incorporat'ed,
also in England, to acquire land for public prirposes as a hind of
national domain.

Srlilzr,r'l;rrrtl lrrrri lorurrlcrl orn. lttltt,rrlay Zionisrn.

Jewish Ianrnigration in hundreds of thousancls

to begin with thousanrls.

'l'lrl ltirtt ol lltr,trtrrvlrrrt'irl

rvtrs rlellned aS "the establishment in

ol ;r lrrrlrlir.ll'-srr.rrr.t'rl lrnrl lt:qall).-guaranteed Home for the
.flrlislr l)r'()lll("" llrt,itrrtrtcrii:rlc olljet:tivc r,vtS to 9btuil a charter frOm
llrt Srrll;rrr, lxrt l.t'rl lrv llrr' (ilt'rrt Il>r,r'crs, for inrloponrols Jewish
r,'lotri:ilrliorr irr lltl ll,rly l,lrrrrl; ;rrrrl tlrt'r'rrt.;rns to tlurt end were, flrst
llrr.rrrrr.rrr,;rrrrl,;lltrrlqllrr,lrirrri
'rl tltt,.fr,lvislr rlrlion;rl fr:glint: in every
l.rvi,rlr 'rnrnrrnil\, :rrrrl llrt' ,r'g;rrrisrrli,rr ,f lhe .fcwish per_rple interrr,rli'rr;rllr l,r (.nllril(,(l ;rcli,rr, trrrtl sccorrrlly thc cstablishment of a
rr.rli,rutl 'l'r rr ,l , irr llrt, Iorrrr ol lr. ltlrnliing ('()ntl)iuty., for the purchase
ol lrrtrl rrtrrl lltr,tvolli of r'olorrislrliorr-

l';rlr,:ilirrr.

Nrrlionirl IIontc in l':rlcstinc; nlt,naco to politir:ll

iutrl civiI cnrirnti;l:rlion.

l:J0

Illrtl

lorrrrtl lris

lrr' .fr'rr

i lr

.l

ttrllrrl

lrrr';-qr'.1

lollorrirrq lirst irr llrr,.ft'lvislr;lrolclirri:tt

llrl l'l;rsl l'lrrrl ol l,rrtrrlorr, lrtrrl sr,tortrlly

ol
lrl l'ttit lt .rl it' ,.
I
'

rrl l'l,r',llrrr l,rrr,,1rr.:rrrrl

ltntorrg

122.

Herztr v,,as opposed at

first to tire support of the small colonising

enterplises lvhich had been started during the preceding twenty years
by the "Lovers ol Zion" l he wanted the Jews to come in by the open
door, in a iarge body, and not to siink in by little groups' The little,
he thought, was the enemy of the big.

But lvhen the hope of the charter rvas disappointed he recognised

the necessity oi organising and cleveloping the Jervish life in the
country ancl uiving it a more inilepcnclent ancl representatirre character
than it yet Possessed.
Ii the inintigration 0l hundrecls o[ thottsancls was imilossi]:le for

ilte tirue, lrt least the thousancls who entered ancl tl.re thousands who
the
u,t,rc thcrr: c0ul<l livc under the conciitions which were desired for
u,lr,rlc lrcoplc whclt the lat'gcr nleastlres could be uuclertalien'

,lir

frrr.llrcr.tltt,cxlllrusion ()[ tftttlc antl thc cle'veloprnent of agri-

- 64-_

-65-

cultural colonies, a branch of the Jewish Colonial Trust, the AngloPalestine Bank, was founded with a paid-up capital of f roo,ooo, and
at the outbreak of the war this Zionist Bank had become one of the
chief financial institutions in southern syria; the deposits amounted
to fe5o,ooo, and its total operations for the year r9r3 rose to five

million pounds sterling.

Recognition of a Jewish National ltrorne :

a Ilanggr to Rights and political Status of
Jews out of Palestine.

124. Not a few r.vho had supported Falestinian colonisation in thc

da.ys preceding Herzl's arlvent rvere perturbed

by his larger and morq

radical appeal, which they fea.red rvould imperil their adoptecl citizenship.

A Jewish National Home, but not

necessarily in Falestine.

The iron of the Ghetto bars and bolts had entered into their souls,
ar:d survived the destruction of the Ghetto walls.

Aftt,r'Ilcrzl's deetth the cleavage in the ranks induced by the

Uganda projcct became pronounced, and a srnall section, under the
i.:ulership .f Zangwill, split off from the main body and forrned the
Jcwish Territorial Organisation (the I.T.O.).

Emancipated and received as equals in civil life, these Jews of

the West could not feel secure, and they feared that their rights might,
be taken from them if they asserted their true character and storxl
fearless before the rvorld as members of a nationalit.y thrrt had its
special territory elser,vhere and developed its spccial wn,y oI Iift..

12:1.

Ilver sinr:c that ti,re this Organisation has chased, from continent
1. t'onlin.rrl, tlrc will of the wisp of an autonornous Jewish settlement
oulsirh, l';rlr.slinr., und lorrnd no resting-place.
'lthe ('ortrnlission that went to Uganda reported unfavo,urably on

125.

And would not a Jewistrr country be a larger Ghetto painfully

iriferior to the spacious empires in which their lot was cast ? 'Illc
return to Palestine rvas, they said, a surrender to the anti-Semites,
and Zionism vras or:ly a feeble reaction to anti-Semitism.

llrr. :rrea rvhich lvas in the end proffered.

Ihc I.1'.O. looked to Tripoli, which was still under the Ottoman
sway, a,nrl scnt unother Commission, which also reported adversely.
A.s il. wiis ptrt by the President of the Organisation himself, that
st ltctrte wotrld "not hold water".
'l'hcn the gaze was clirected towards another part of the Ottoman
l,)rnllirt'; nlcsopotamia was helcl out as the La"nd of Promise. The
rr,1rort. lrs lo lhc possibilities here wiu more brilliant, and the land had
lrlitrrulltrrt Jcn'ish rssot:i;rl.ions, but nothing carne of the proposal except
;rnolJrr,r'stlit's of scintillating spceches from the erratic LT.O. leader.
',|'ht. l;rtr,r' ventures of the I.T.O. quest were less happy in conctlll ion, ;rurl no rnore Iruitful in result. Angola, Nicaragua, and
Wt.slr:rlia, wcnc looliecl at in vain; and finally the grand project of a

-Jclvish auturrontous territory petered out in a movement

rlil'ftrsiorr of .lcwish enrigr:rtion in the Unitecl Statcs.

for

the

'l'o-rllr.v lht'rcrrrrrirnt of 'li.rriloriir.lisls arc rearly to ntcrge with the

Tiorrilrl.i in llrt, e lroitc

of l'itlt'slittt' its lltt'

.f

t'wish

llntl.

At, the end of tlae rvar Palcstine shall

be a Jewish country.

126. In the year preceding

the outbreak of war a remarhable numbcr

of leaders in Jewry visited the ltroly Land, among tlrem "llaron l,lclmonrl
de Rothschild, the veteran Lord Bountiful of the Colonies.

127. Thirty years of pioneer work had made the Yishrrb tlretdy
a pride and inspiration to the whole of Jewry. Aud during the war
the sentirnent has hardened into a conviction that the opportunity for
the lewish restoration has come.
fn every part of the world the Jewish dcrnocracy is demarrrling
t.hat at the end of the war Palestine shall be zr Jcwish country, on(l
every democracy in the world supports thcir ckrnrancl.

128. It

{ound its consecnrtion in thc l)cclirrrl iorr of tlrr. .ltlilish

Government on Novcmbcr:utl, r9r7, whith will for cvlr lx: ir rcrlietter day in Jervish histrlry, proclrrirning t.lurt l,lttgl;rrrrl vit'ws wilh
sympathy thc Ziorrist cffort torvarrls the cslrrblishttrcrtt of it Jt:wislt
lrational honre in I'irlcslinr',;irrrl lllt',lgcs its lrcst cntlclrvottrs to lho
.sct:uritrg of thlrl olrjt'ct.

- 65- ,
129. At the Congress of Vienna in r8r5,

with which the war era of

the [,'rench Revolution at last came to an end, the Jewish representativcs who hovcrecl on the outskirts of the gathering were concerned
to.secure {or'l.ht: Jcwish comtnlnil.ies of Central },urope, r'r'hat the
<'orrrrrrtrrriljr.s

gI l,'t'itttce

hacl alrearly

PART

secured-civil and political rights.

'l'lr|v wrrttlr'tl Jcws to be counted oi the nation, but not as a nation'

.\t thr' (Jongrcss which will follow the war of our own era the
rcpr|scnlulivr:s o[ lltc Jervs, admitted it may be hoped as the spokesthat their
v111'11 oI tt nirliotrltlilv, will ask oi the assembled Powers
granted
in
people
may
be
a
r lrrirrrs l0 r.r,lrrrn l0 lhcil hisl.oric honle as
fruitful
centre,
fruitful
rlt rllr llrrrl lltcy tt'tttV lt.titlic the Iantl again a
lvillr llrr. lrrrxlrrr:ls 0[ nature and fruitful a]so with the products o{
Irurrurr li[tr : ".loy ancl gladncss shall be found in it, song and the
,ioutttl oI rrti11h."

The Palestine ldandate is proued to be d "8" dnd

"C" Mandate dnd not an "A" Mandate as prooided
in the f ourth paragraph of Article zz of the Couenqnt
of the League of Nat[ons.

-t-r.r/r4*rd
130. The extracts (given in the preceding Part and in this
Parc) furnish the clue to the comprehension of the basic objects
which underly the use (in the preamble to the Palestine
Mandate, in the Balfour Declaration, and in the British Government's Statement of Policy) of such terms as "recognition" . . .
"giuen to the historical connection of the Jewish people with
Palestine" and "to the grounds f or reconstituting their National
Home in that countr7" . . .,"rights and political status en joged
bg Jews in ang other countrg".

131. But having quoted Mr. Norman Bentwich as a staunch

Zionist and Jewish National Home builder it is now opportune
to take note even of his own views as an authority on International Law and as a specialist on the "Mandates System".
From his book bearing this name published in r93o, when he
was still "Attorney General" of Palestine, the foltrowing guotations are m2ds ;- (The headings are not in the original) .
Turkish I'erritories Occupied
to be detached.

1:t2.

l)uring lhc War lhe Allied Powers hacl occupicd ....the Arab
proviuccs of l.he ()ttonrlln Irinrpire,.... and they had resolved that
lhosc lt,rrilolics shorrll rrot be hundcd bacli to....Turkey.

- 68-

-69-

No dnnexation.

The Supreme Allied Council allotted the Mandates for these

territories at a conference which met in San Remo in April, r9zo,
conferring the Mandates for Palestine and Iraq on Great Eritain ancl
the Mandate for Syria on France.

l:l;1.

Alliecl slalesnren had during the struggle made declarations

llr;rt tltcrc sltoukl bc no itnnexation of the Colonies, and President
Wilsrrn hrrrl rrr;rtlt. ll:;f. urtt ol thc Jourte:en poi,nts on which the United
Slirlcr worrlrl irrsisl. irr tlrc terms of peace.

Treaty of Sevres Abortive; Lausanne Treaty

ratified in 1924.

Amll l)eoples Dernanded Autonomy.

l;t4,

'l'ltr. Ar;rlr lrr,olrlcs rk'tnitntled rtutonomy, and Allied statesmen

Irrrrl cnlr,rr,rl ittto tttrrh'rl;rliitrgs r('(()grlizing their right as a nation to

xt'l [-t lt'l crttti lrttI iurr.

lntcrnational Governrnent for Arab

Territories.

lil6.

'139. There was no final sanction for the trans{er of the Arab countries
to the Mandatory Fowers till the ratification of the Treaty of
Lausanne between the Allies and Turkey, which took place in 1924.
In the abortive Treaty of Sdvres, signed in June, r9zo, Turkey
had expressly renounced her rights over the Arab territories, and
agreed to the introduction of a Mandatory systeru for Palestine,
Syria, and fraq.

't'lrc Srrirtlist and Trade Union parties in Engtrand, France, and

But that treaty, though signed, was never ratified; and the
Mandates were brought into eftect before there had been an express
renunciation of sovereignty by Turkey.

llnty rl'rnirrrrlcrl lhe irrternational government both of the German

111111 of lltl cottntrits which had formed part of the Turkish

(lrlonir.rr
l,irrrplrr..

Lausanne TreatY and Mandates.

I'rcsidenl, Wilson insistetl on Interest of

I'coples.

X.40. trn the Treaty of Lausanne nothing was said about the Mandate
system.

liltr,

I,rrstly, lt'csitlent \\'ilson, who proclaimed the moral ideas of

Itrr.;x'lur', rkrnurntlctl tlutt the interest of the peoples should be the
in l.he scttlement.
1rr irrtirt.y t ousitlt'rttt irttr

A Mnnrlate is held on a double trust.

lll7.

'l'ho Mlrrrrlrtlory I'owt:r to which the government of a territory

lr r[.[.girllrl lry llrr. I,r.;rgrrg 6f Natiops hril<ls the territory on a double
Inr$t, ot, irs il. ltits lrlttr t:lrllcd, a dttal Nlandate:
(l) Orr lrclutlf of tlte irthabitanl"s of the territory;
(lr) ()n lrlhall of the ]nternational Society.

Mandntes Allottetl

l:ltl.

'i

lr| lt'rIi(orit's

in r'rpril,

Mandate Classes : A., El., and C.

1r4l. The Mandates fall into three classes, 'which are commonly
designated A., B. and C. They vary in respeict of the powers of
administration and control conferred on the Mandatory.

Territories detachetl fronl Turhey

all "A" Mandates.

L42.

is lirnited to territories detached from Turkey which

are populated by civilized peoples that, it was thought, were unable
for a time to stand by themselves.
Class

"A"

1920.

Illandatory's Fosition in Palestine

not one of '(Ar) Mandaie.

delaclrcd from 'I'trrliey conlprised Syria (which

ltulrrr[,r llrr. I,r.lrirnol ]'rovittcc Ihtt hixl cnjoyed an autonomOus

rigitttr,r;irrcI tli(,.1 ),.l'itk:sl iltt: (which irltltttlcs'I'ransjordiln), antl
lrrul, fottrrcr'ly trrllt'rl I\ltrsolxrtltrniu, which int:lurlcs ptrt of Kurtlistau.

L43.

There the function of the Mandatory is to render administrative

arlvice and assi.stance, though, as we shall see, his position in Palestine
duus ttot corlfol'nt rvitlt this chitrat.ter.

t
Arabs opposed to idea of Mandate;
desircd com;rlete independence.

144.

'l"hr,rvislrr.s o[ llrr'pr,oplt.si ]vor'c to be considered in the choice of

lhr,Nlirrrrl;rlor.1, ; lrrrl llris;lrovr,rl to lle rather a pious voeu than a

lrrrrllir lrl ( r)ltrs(.l, lrr,,;1115s thc Arab peopies concerned were opposed
l, llrr, lrrr:rir irL,:r .I lht'l\'Iandatr: ancl desired complete independence.

A l\,lundtl,c t:un be changed and revoked.

l,llt.

'l'lrr, l\l;rrrrlrrlr. i.r rh'lirrr,rl in lr dot:urnent finally approved by

ll trtrrl irr llrr, Iolrrr llr;rl llrt'('outrr:il cnlrt'ls it. [t can bc chirnged ontry
rrillr llrr,r'otr:ir.trl ol llrr, l,r'trgrrt': ancl, in theory, it would appear that
il rrrrv lr,.r'r,r'olir,rl lry il. il Ihe Council should lind that the Mandatory
ru,irs

n()l l'rrll)lling its ollligations.

l\lrrndtl,ol'.y to obsetvo political status of territory

ntrrl sctrrn. well-llcing, pr'()gt.ess apd autonorny of
population.
\\ i{lr lr.1';rrrl lo tltc irrlrirlrilurrts, the Mandatory is required,
lo rrlrslrrirr front :rny at:tion whic]r may impair the integrity
or' polililtrl sllrlrrs of tlre torritory undcr his administration, and,
lxr:rilivr'lr', lrr t:lrlly oul thc irtlnrirristral.ion in such a way as to secure
llrc rllll-lrr,itrrl lutrl l)t'()gt'(,ss of thc ltttpulation and gradually train

l4ll

rrr'11rrli,"'r'lv.

Ilrr,nr Iorvlu rls lrulotroltty.

Mirndirlory's powers in Palestine Mant{ate :

!,'untlumcnt,:rlly affectetl by Jewish Nationatr
llonrr, policy rnd hence no obligation for :rn
Orgrurir: lrtw pr{)virling for Self-Government.
l'rrlr:.ilinc Mirnduto formulated like a ".B" and

"(i"

Mandate.

t,17.

'l'lrc yrrovisiorr for l.he esta.blishrnent of the Jewish National

llornt, hrrs ftrnrl:rnrcnlally affected the powers given to the Mandatory
irr lr.llrlirur lo 1hc govenrrnent of Palcstine. The Mandatory receives
frrll lrowt,r's o[ k.gislation and atlministration, savc as pr'ovicled in the
l\l;rrrrlrrlr,.

'l'lri,r iri llrr. rrornurl pt'ovisiott irr what itro -c:tlltrl Iho "ll" lLtttl "C"
Mrrrrrllrlr'..,;rrrrl rlifft'rs Ir'ottt llrr'lrt'irrciple of llrr'N4irntlrttcs for Syria
rrrrrl ltrr,;, irr rrlri, lr llrr, l\4rrrrtlltloty tt'its rlirtrlcrl lo tlrltw ttlr, in con-

-7t-

sultation with representatives of the people, an Organic Law providing

for

self-government.

there is no such obligation; but the Mandatory is

the
directed to place the country under such conditions as will secure
local
encourage
to
and
development of self-governing institutions,

In Palestine

autonomy.

onaccountofthepeculiarresponsibilitytherecouldnotbeat

to be
once the institution of self-government; but the process was
fiulfil
to
order
in
developed by stages. It was obviously necessary,
should
Mandatory
the
the pJicy oi the Jewish National Home, that

retain at the outset full powers of legislation and administration,

population
since it was to be expected that the majority of the existing
wouldnotbewillingtogiveeffectitselftotheobligationsassumed
the Mandate
hy the Mandatory towards the minority' And at the time
part
the populaof
one-tenth
about
were only
was allotted, the
Jews

tion.

General Conelusion based on stateftr'ents made

hY an acknowledged authorit'Y'

148. The foregoing exffacts (in this Pafi and in the precedand the
ing Part) from the two books (Palestine of the Jews
on the Jewish
Mlndates System) by anacknowledged authority
NationalHornepoliry,fullywarranttheconclusionthat,before
andduringthewaranduntilthePalestineMandatewascondominated
firmed, Jewish influence with the statesmen of Europe

thesituationwiththeresultthatinthecaseofPalestinethe
fourth paragtapb of Article 22 of the Covenant of the League
so much

of Nations was deliberately disregatded and ousted and

as arl " A"
so that the N4andate for Palestine was framed not
"C" one'
Mandate but as a "B" and
tn
To this the Palestine Arabs revolted in Tg2o, irr tgzt,
r936 revolt
rg24, rl tgzg, rfl rg33 and it is in the midst of the
that the Present studY is made'

PART

VI

-73__
Expenditure has been ravished. upon it until to-day it is ,ne ,f
the inost beautiful buildings in the world. The Mosque ,f Ar;sll lr e
building of alniost equal antiquity and of great beauty.

The ParliamentarA Commiss{on's Repofi demonstrates

the Conflicts qnd Difficulties inherent in the Manddte.

If

C-r-'ra/"A*rd
ir4g, The following quotations from the "Report on

the

Palestine Disturbances of August, rg2g," constitute sound inferences on the Jewish National Home policy.

National Government demanded by Arab Delegation.

150.

The Palestine Arab Delegation on the other hand, did not accept
the statement (Statement of British policy-White Paper, rgzz) and

on the rTth of June, rgzz, returned a detailed reply, the following

passage from which is relevant to the question that we are now considering:

have been

We therefore here once again rcpcat that nothing will safeguard Arab
in Palestinc but the immcdiate creatiotl of a National Government
which shall bc responsiblc to a Parliament all of whose members are elected
by the people of the country-Moslems, Christians, and Jews'

Moslem [Ioly Fiaces endangered.

One of the Holy Places in connection with which it has not
infrequently been necessary to give rulings of the character indicated
above is the Western or Wailing Wall in Jerusalem. This Wall forms
part of the western exterior of the ancient Jewish Ternple; . ' . . . . The
WalI is also part of the Haram-esh-Sharif, which is an Islamic place of
great sanctity, being reckoned next to the sacred cities of Mecca
and hledina as an object of veneration to Moslems.
I,egally, the Wall is the absolute property of the Moslem community and the strip of pavement at the Wall, is Waqf property as is
shokn by documents preserved by the Guardian of the Waqf.
Within the Haram area, of which the Wall forms the western
boundary, lie the Dome of the Rock, commoniy but incorrectly known
as the Mosque of Omar, and the Mosque of Aqsa.
The former covers a rock which is reputed to be the aitar npon
which Abraham proposed to offer rqt his son Isaac in slcrificc; it is
1lsrl siritl l6 Jlc lhc spot fronr which thc I'rophct Mtlltarltttrcr] itsct'ntlcrl
1o Ilt'rtvctr ott llto rtct'ltsion of hLs ct'lcsli;rl jrlttl'ney.

in Moslem

tlrry

ownership for the past thirtccn ccrrrurie! nrrrt

nct uirnatura"lly are regarded as among the most trerrsurcrl
lrossmrlrul
oi the Moslem world.

152.

On the z6th of .A.ugnst. there also occurred a Jeu,ish allnr.k rur

the Mosque of Okasha in Jerusalem, a sacred shrirrr. of gr.rnl

antiquity held in much venerhtion by the Moslerns. ,l,lrr. nl(lrquo wn,l

badiydamaged and the tombs of lhe prr4rlrr,ts r,r,hir'lr il r,rlnllrrnr. wmn
desecrated.

Zionist Executive w:rnt an unrcsl,r.lclr,rl

imrnigration to secure a Jewish muJollty.

interests

151.

we except the time of the Latin Kingdom, when the Hnr^rn

area and these buildings were in the possession of the crusaders,

153. Mr.

Sacher, (then Chairman of the Zionist l,lxru:utlve nl

Jerusalem) in evidence before thc Conrnrission, r,r1rr.r.ssrd lrr llro
following statemeirt his views as to the prilicy of t,lrr. zirrrrirt nrovorrrtrrl
in lhe matter of Jewish immigration to l)ulestirrt, :

f sal' 1661 what rve are concerrtcd with is t.lru lsl;rlrllrlrrru,rrl of llrr Jr,1.l.lr
N:ltional Home. What wc are conccrncd with ir llrrrl rvl n;','11 l16y1i, lr I
said before, immieration to whir:h lltcre shrrll lrl no lllll[ i1l rr.nly[llorrr, llrll
r"'e shall be enabled as a Jewish llcogrlu l.o put lrll ortr r,rrr,r'glrr ltrlo rrrllrltrr
v,hat is to be made of this courltry so lrs lo t,tr;rblt: Jlrvr, lu lmlo hotr ttrrl
create this civilization. Wc cx;rccl ;rnrl rlcnmrrrl rrrrrlrr llrr, Mrttrrlnlo lrJ llrn
Government that it shall clo its part in facilitnting l.lrnt work, ll rrrnv [n, llrl I
say frankly we hope that one cliry as a rcsult of lltls rrtrttrrnl plnrr,nr llrr,tl wlll
be a Jewish majority in this country.

Zionist Policy revised in 1925. lk:vlnlonlxlx

dernand a Jewish Governmenl, l,o conrlrrr.l,
Jelvish Colonizntir)n on u ltrgrr xcnlo,

154.

Mr. Jabotinsliy, who is llrr. k'rrrk,r of Zirrrrisl l{r,vlrlorrlrlr, nrhr,,l

for pei:missic.n to give cvidencc lrt'[orrr rrsr rtnrl, trrr ltlr ttnttn lurt lxtlrr
mer-rtioned on sovcral rrt:citsirlns in lhe r:oursc oI out'lrror.ntrrlltrgn, tr,,
agreecl to hear him although he ha,d uot lrr,crr ltrllt.rl nn rt wllrrorn lry
the P:rlestine Zionist l,lxcr;trtivc. Owing to hls nlur.rrcc lrotfl llrlnrlhrn
his applicalion was rrot nlulc until a. fow rln.vs beforo our rlc;trrl rrn
frrrrn Ih:rl crxrnlr-v. As wc lvr,rc rrnalllc lo lrrvrr lrirn ln .lr.rrrrnhrn
Itis evirllncr. wrrs givr.rr lrr'[orr. rrs in l,orrrlon irr plivllc.

* 74l5!-r.

_75_
A Jewish State as only iogieatr interpretation of
Balfour Declaration : aim of aII Zionist leaders.

Mr. Jabotinsky explained the policl, of his party in the following

Icrrns:
'l'o rcvisc ccrlnin t:onccplions of the Zionist policy' When we started our
,nr)vr',r('nl. in 19J5 thr: ol'lit:irrl lroint of view, as expressed by Dr. Weizmann
irrrrl lti*;rrrirxittlt's, wns this: tltc business of Zionism can be completed and
ur hlnr'crl rirrrply hy tltc process of thc Jews pouring into Palestine money and
r.rrr.rrv;tr)rl ii,iu*ht not to mattcr at all what the attitude of the Government
\!,r.,, l)rovi(l(:(l tl|lrt thc (lovcrnmcnt was a decent European Administration.
\f,' rli rrrirntlcrl t.ltc rcvisi,tt of this point of view, saying that a large scale of

rol,rrri,,r(iolt r;rtttr0l lx'ttttttltttlt'tl irrdtlrcndcntly of a Government, that it is

(iovIrrrttrIrtl cttlIrltrir0 lrY ttltlttrt'lttlrl t;tt.t only bc completed if the Governrrrr.rrt lrv Iul',lrrlivc tttttl ;rrltttitrirlrttlivr' :tt:tiott suplx)rts the colonization'

llir.rhtx ln(l politictl St:rtus of Jews out of

!'irl('st,inc imperilled; Soooo Jews to Palestine, per annum, for 60 Years.
ll-r(;. ln rk'vt'hrping this thesis Mr' Jabotinsky explained that there
is irr l,)ltslr,rrr .l,lrrro1X. a litrge :[re4 extendipg Over ,several Cguntries
rvlrit lr lrt'rlr':,tt'ilrctl ilri ";l z()lt('oI irtcttrlrLrlt: ltlltiselnitism)'. This zone
ir 0v|t't t'owtk'rl lrv .lCrvs, rltl(' llillI oI wltottt, so Mr. Jabotinsky states,
nru,tl lr(' r'\'it( rlitl('(l rvillrirl tlrt' ll('\t two f{(}lleratiolls. He says that
r.r1i,,r;rli,,tt ft'ottt lllis 7.ollc ilt thc p:tst lrlts lleen directed to other counIrilr; lrtrl, trftr,r lr certiritr tirne, has proveci uulvelcome and has now been
slr4rgx,tl. I lr. lht.rcforc loolis 1o I'zrlestine as the country to which
rrurrry o[ lltt'st' ollpt'esserl Jt:wislt l)coPle can be evacuated' The soluli',rr of llri,prolrlt,n.r which he and his friends clesire is that Jews
rlr,rtrlrl |nlcr l'ltlcslit)c at tho average rate of 3o,ooo per annum for
llrr,rrlxl ()o vcal's llll(l that the majority of the imniigrants shuoid be
rlliru'tt Irrttt lltt' zone of antisernitism in Eastern Europe'
.t

t'rvith (lolonizttlil)n to crcilte a Jelvish State.

l$7.

llr, lltr,r.r,for.r, rlt'rlllrrr<ls thirt thc l'alesti11e Government ought

trt'livr'lv lo ;rrontol.e'Jcwish ctilonization with a view, of course, to
r,strrlrlislrirrg ir r,wish rniljority. In other words the objective of his

158.

r4r. Jabotinsky argued that his conception of future political

development in Palestine is the only logical interpretation of the
policy embodied in the Baifour Decraratio, and, by numerous qrotations from speeches, from the pubiished works of p,rivate individuals,
and from official documents, he endeavoured to show that, though he
and his party are now described and regarded as ,(extremists,, by the
General Zionists, the policy which they atrvocate is in fact based on
the spoken and v/ritten word of Zionist leaders, whose uitimate aim,
so he says, is identical with the airn of the Revisionists though their
immediate methods for the atta.inment of that .nd a.e different.

159.

He quoted with approrrar the foilorving extract from an articre

which appeared on the roth of December, 19z6, in the New palestine,
the official organ of the American Zionist Organization :
But now, the current of Zionist opinion forks and flows in every divergent

channel' Two schools arise vrhich for rnant of more accurate tirminology
,,moderates,,

may be designated as the

ancl the ,,extremists,,. Again it rnuit
be iterated and stressed that the ,,moderates,, are no less extreme in their
conceptions of the ultimate goal than the ,,cxtremists,, themselves, for both
ardently desire :r Jewish State or Commonrvealth in palestine, but they differ
substantially as to the road that must be tratelled for the next decade or twr:.

Outbreaks in Patrestine and faitrure to

irestitute self -government.

160.

Although it does not fall within our province to offer an opinion

as to the form of any future constitution for Palestine it is necessary
for us to consider how far disappointment and resentmenl arnong the
Arab population consequent upon their {ailure to obtain a rneasure of
self-government may have been a cause which contributed to the outbreak in August last or is likely to be a cause of disturbance in the
future.

.f

l)flrly i$ tlrc t.reirlion in lraltrstine of a Jewish state-a term which he

rlr.lrtres in tlte following manner :
ll rlor,,, rl(rl trt,ct.s*rrily rncnn bciug irrrk'1rnt:rlcnt iu thc scnsc of having
llr riglrl lo rlt,cllrrc witr ()n rnyhtxly, but wltilt it mcans is lirst of all a
,,,u1,,,ii,, .l Jr.g'ish lx,oplc irr l,tlcstirrc, so llrtt ttntlcr n tkrtr,ocrtttic rulc the
nrt'lrsurc. of
.l.winlr 1,,,irrl- 6f yit,w girorrkl nlwrrys prtviril, ttttrl srrrrttrlly, tlrat
r,rll gov"r rrr,r,,rrl whlt.h for irrslrrrrci. lhc stnlc oI Ntilrrlrsklr l)osst's]i('c, 'l'hat
worrlrl nrrll..lv rrrrt rorrrpk,lt,ly rrq knrg rrr il is rr ltxrtl st'lf govt'rtlnrrlttl' r'nottgh
lo ilrrrrlilr t iltrt 0wI r,il'rrir., rrtr,l ro l0ltg itr lltItc ir lr Jt'wislr nrlrjority in thC
rotlil]|r

Jewish National Home and political rights of

Arab popuiation cannot co-exist.

tGI.

Recent constituticlnal developrnents in "Iraq and Transjordan

have show, that, when their obligations permit the acroption of such
a course, His Majcsty's Government are rvilling to grant a wide
,n('l[!illr'(' 0f self-govcrlrncDt t() Arirb lltrrplcs with rvh0se welfare lhey

ll

-i6have b'een charged. Those who wish for similar developrnents in

Palestine have therefore grounds for the opinion that, were it not for
the obligations cast upon His Majesty's Government by the policy
contained in the Balfour Declaration, their hopes and expectations
might to some extent have been realised.

762. If

there .rvas in Palestine in .August last a widespread feeling

of resentment amongst the Arabs at the failure of His Majesty's
Government to 11rant thetn sotnc measure of self-government, it is
the
al. lcast 1:rt>baltlc th&t this rt'sctrttncnt lvould sllow itself against
as
Arabs
by
the
regarded
be
woulcl
rralestinc
itr
pl.Csence
Jcivs, wh<sc
their
aspirations'
of
thc olrstacle to the fulfilment

Manrlatory held by his pleilges to Arabs,

but, claims : "Falestitae was excluded'"
'I'hc llrst itl'gl,llllcl1t is l.hat I'Iis l\'Iajesty's Government have
people
frrilt,rl to r1i",t, r,l[r,r'l lo llroirtiscs rvhich they made to the Arab

l6:|.
of

rr\ar.
l'lrlt:sl.inc tltrring the

Wc havc mcntionecl in Chapter II the exchange of letters-now

,l<ntrwn4stheMc]\4alroncorrespontlence-asaresultofwhichthe
of
Aurlr pcoplc rvithin thc Ottoman Empire came to favour the cause
War'
llrc llritish linrlrirc ancl her Allies in the Great
Irr thc coursc of that correspondence sir Henry McMahon, who
Egypt, gave an
Irl. lhc tiprc. rvirs Ilis N,Iajesty's High commissioner for

free to act without

tttrrlt.rlirl<ing 1,hat irr certain areas, where they were
Government were
Majcsy's
FIis
l0 thc itrlerest rlf lirancc.

tk,lr.irilt.nl

lo rtr:ogttiztl ltutl lo stlpl)ort thc independence of the Arabs'

,l,lrr.rltrcslirrrl i1;onc o[ interprcting a cleclaration by sir Henry
by this undertaking
Nlr'1\'ltrhotr cxt:ltttlirlg from thc tcrritory covered
by reference to certain
iur itt'('il whiclr hc tlcllnc:r'l geographically ancl
Government have con;ttlnrinistrativt' tttrits in Syria' IIis Majesty's
from the
r.i.tt'nlly interllrctecl the cleclaration as excluding Palestine
and Stlpport Arab in:rrr.:r r.ov(:rcrl lry thc ttndertaking to rcognize

1rt't'lrltrcrl

tlt'1

tl

tt

lt

lc e.

l'ltlt'stittc Arttlls l,rovc "l'ulcstinc wlts not oxclu(lqd"

tlll(l l'('l)' lllso oll ;lt'oclttnltrtlons signctl : "l'ho llr:il'irth

Army

in

FaIestime,,

and

King llussein.
164. ft clearly does not fall within
the

proclarnation by

scope of our enquiry to

examine and to comment
i:pon the }4cMehon correspondence.
We
are' however, concerned-l,itrr
the interpretation wrrich is placed
upon
it by the political leaclers of the arri,
i, palestine. Rightly or
wrongly they feel that the prondse
of independence riratlc by Sir
Henry McMahon extended to palestine
and no argument is likcl.y
to shake their belief that, upon the
true construction of the correspondence, palestine was
i, fact inclucied within tt ,r.o ;, ,irp."t

of which rhe undertaking on behalf

ni Hi,

was given.

"
on.i.ri-"[t#rri*,

That such was the intenti.n.t the tinre,

they rrr.r.,rr., is intrisputable since appeals to (escape
and come to ,.J, *.,'" ,rr,"i,,'r,,-,,.,*,.mations clropped early in r9r7 from
British aeroplanes; thcse aplteals,
which were ad'ressed
'To the Arab ofticers and soldiers in the ,furkish
Army in Palestine,, were signed ,The
British
covered

.A,rmy in palestine, and

a procramation signed by King Hussein
wrri.r, *or--;, *,u

following terrns

To all Arabs anrl other officers ancl mcn in

We have with much..g..t rl.rrJ'ti;;.;;; the Ottonr.rn Arrnv.
fightin1.1 ;rllrrinsr us u,rr,
are working for the sake
p-reserving trr.
"."the Holy M,slcm
-of
Ilcliqi,,
frorn being attered and fo.'rib;;;;;;
"ii.i.
"r
;ii;;;;, from rrrc Turriis' rurc.
We believe that the.real truth has not rcachcd
you.
sent you this proclarnation scaled fry

fighting for two noble aims,

Wo h;rvc

or,,J to assrrrc you lhatllrurr:forr.

wc lrc
th;;;.;r;;;r''oi,r.,. rcrigion rrrrrl th, fr.ccrr,,rrr

of Arabs generally.
we have sent strict orders to alr the heacrs
and mcn of orrr tribcs lhat if
our army happens to capture any one of
Vo*ifr"V shorrld trcrLt yorr wcll arrrl
send you to my sons who will ..1.;;;;rd
;; treat you.
*n

IX'"li1l.f Tff:T.:tr lf:i,ti'.1,1?il:o'im e in bon ge o e ru rk s,

* ; ;l *.; ;#' ii,;,r"::. #;; l,Ll",l:11,,;i:,1,r;li,;i
cra

"
women
a n rr ra mlies
J;
this and bear the bitterness

rh

oi.ontinuinr*r,r;'ii,;, nnrr agrcc ro assist thcm

?
Come and ioin rrs who are Iirhouring for
lhc srrlic of lr.lirlion nrrrl lho
freedom of the Arabs so thet tho Ar"b iii,,';;i;,,,',,
m:rr. :rg;rirr lx.r,rrre wlurl it
was during the timc of vour fatrrers, ii c;;i';iir- (l.rr
is rrrc rr,:rrrcr t, rrrr:
right path.

If British

proclamations and erppcrls

rlirl not
constitute a pledge, thcn thcy wcrc o doccptlon.

l(il-1. ll'he Aralrs :rrguc rh:r.r. if lh.s. p*x.r*m.tirns .rrrr ;rppcurs rrid
rr,l. c.rsr.iturc rr. l,rrrrgc, r.Ircn rrrr,y w(,ro rr rrcr.r.pr
i., prrr.risctr irr thc

r\)

-o
lo

*79_
-

of a trusting
||ll)r]rel]t ni her.neecl by a great natiou i"rpon the credulity
that the
suspected
had
if
they
that
:rrrrl conlr<lin11 people. T'hey aver
Horne
National
a
create
polir:y ol (lrcat Ilrititill wils, or would be, to
in
which
country
the
[ot' tltose lvltottt lltey rci]ard as an alien race in
taken
have
not
lltt'.r' lrlrvt' livc<l for thirteen htrnclred years, they would
it'
from
tlrtj;uliorr tlrc-!, rlicl rlr have incttrred the risks inseparable

Sttttenrcnt,by t Rritish Military Court which

inrlttit'od inlir thc Jelusalem Disturbances of

April,

I920.

A Natlonal Representative Governrnent not Iess

efficient than present Governmenl.

168'

The Arab poriticar reaclers urge that, even if they

had accepted
and given full elTect to the constitution of t9zz, it is
improbabre that
the electecl representatives of the peopie could by noi,v
have obtained
a share of authority in the Governnrent that they would
regard as the
equivalent of that measure of self-government which
they possessed

under the Turkish regime.

169' No. are they prepared to admit

lli6.,l.|rlrttlrislttgtllllcl)t,hitslrr-rtbe,crrevolveclltlngaftertheevent
the following
itr ol'tlt:r to jtr:iti[y lt ilolitical dern;rnd is shown by
appointecl to
Court
Nliiitary
tire
oI
tire repoi:t
l)irssitl{(} lrtlictt frtltu
in
occurred
Jerusalem in April'
tlisttrrbatrces which

of Government.

Constitutional Developments in neighbouring

r,rrrlttirc irtto tlre

I().:O:

cfiectcd with King

'l'ltr' t{l'trrrttl tlstllt of l-his (i'c'' tltc.t'itpprttt:ltcmt:nt
(and this is true
i.ltt'Dorrul:ttiou
fc.fing
llr|1n|,irr lr lr)lS) ,u,,, i,,',.,,iiu,irt',iiiy
had^in
iliir" A.,tb ,,ralo.ity) Inay, have
.f tlrr, (,lrllntlrr,, r,,,r,,,r,,iiu,r",,-';;ii
British occupatron'
rf,"'r',u'ft*, iitrtt ()'ic of friendlincss towards the

Arab countries.

170'

The third line of argument, which we have arready indicated,

is based on the knor'','ledge of rece,t constitutional deveiopments in

neighbouring Arab countries where representative governments

erected
by the people and possessed of wide powers have now been
established.
The Arabs point out that in pre-War times the same system
of govern-

i,,,,,,ir,,i
,l,lr|rr.isrrurlrrr.,.tiotrlrulllr:rttlriswaseucou-ragedduringthewar.byevery

ttre War.Oflicc' For instance they were

kirul o{ propitgrttttlir """ii"iif"'to

peacc and p'te-t-l:Y
::d:l
l)rorrri:r(:(1, i,r 1,,,rt'1'ltl"tt"];;;;;"ti;tt;*
'J'urrc'
In
'
"crolrlancs'
was rarned on
rccntitins
active
tg18'
ii,liii*f, r.i,f. As lrrlt' 1*
given.to
underbeing
recruits
trtt
l,llmtlnr. for tlrrr Sherii'ut,l'nl''v' uut oiU*,
and to liberate their country
rrl;ttttl tltttl lltey rvt'rtr li,{i'ir"'{ iii a national'cause
took part in the offensive

lt,ttt llrc'l'rtrl*. 'l',"':i';;;'i ii

ruHnlnlt

i utiit"a'

actually

tlrtr'l'ttrli'

that in spite of-the fact that

'l'hc tcttrlctrt:y of thc cvidcncc is 1o show.in'cluded in the Hediaz fimpire
bcing
*'tia'"i""'i"r'nL"ttiire
'u"tiar"ttio".
rrolltlttg tt:rrl hcctr
i'"d bcen published in 1917' the
rlrrtl tlt0 frrr'l th:rl tltt] il:t'lf*';
was that the British were gomg
genttulty
rrttl ltttprcrriott f"ft ttf""t'if'tt"ntnbs whicliwould includc Palestine'
lo n.t rrp,,,t i,,,1,'1,,'t,,l,,ti nt"fl-Bt"ti'

guiding
Wlrcn sclf-tletcrmination became a
Palestine Arabs
lrrinciplc in worltl politics'
under Ottoman
right
rvt't'c doprived of their
- Constitution.

167.

'fhc

sccorrcl

tk'lcrtlritr:tliotr

oI

selfline o[ argument is that' at a tirne when .the

wor]d
in
snlall natious wtls ir gtriding principle

g,,,liti,'s,llisl\{lrjesty's(lovcrnnltltrtettrlllrrl<t:tlinl'alestinctlpona
ttwiry frortl thc lleoplc of thiti
V whit:h hutl tlrc cffcr:l rlf tuliirrg
lxrlir

r.rrttttlt.ytlrr.rigltl,"..1.,i,.,ttttttlt.t.lltt'()ltrrtrritlt(.rrtlstit'ttl'irllrrlItgotl,

rrIlx.itr(rcprt**tttetlit,tltt.(irlvt't'tltttt,rtlwltit:lrcrlrrtr.olletltlrcir
rlt'rtltrlm'

that an adryrinistration con-

d,cted by a representative nationar government wourd be less

efficient
or less beneficial to the conntry as a whole than is the present
system

ment prevaiied in Palestine and in these neighbouring countries;

they
contend that to-day poiitical consciousness in palestine is at least
as
highiy developed as in the other territories detached from Turkey

and they further maintain that there is in consequence no good

reason why the measure of self -government which has been extended
to these neighbouring countries should not be extended palestine

to

also.

Palestine iVlanclate contrary to fourth paragraph

of Article 22 of Covenant of League of Nations.

. The fourth and last argument is that the terms of the palestine
Mandate are so serious a limitation of the rights contemprated in
the
provisions of the fourth paragraph of Article zz of the covena,t.
of
the League of Nations as to be inconsistent with the Treaty of
Versailles of which that article forms a part.

L?I

They reminded us that the Treaty of Versailles was signed by

lwo representatives of King Hussein, ,amely, Rustum Bey Heidar
itnd Auni Ilcy Abtlul I'Iatli, tlrc latter of whorn was one o[ the courrsel

*8o-

__gr_-

appcaring before us on behalf of the Palestine Arab Executive.

ol

the Treaty of Versailies

"A" Mandate
wilh a.ll tlrt: irnplir ntiotts of sttch a Mandate; what in fact emerged
uflcr lhc cortft'ttttcc at San Remo, at which the Arabs of Palestine
wclc rurl. rlilt'ctly rcpresented, rvas a Mandate with conditions and
lirnittrtions antl ltrovi.sir-rns for the establishment of a National }Iome
lol lrnot lu'r v,,11' -1tt'ovisi<ins w]rich they fear not only make the
lrrrr.rlcl pf tlu. Mirrrrltrtr.irr 1flcct ;lcrpctual but rvhich definitely deprive
tlrr. 1x'opll o[ I'lth'slirrc oI thc lt:gil.irnlttc cxpectations wlrich are inlr.rr,rtl. itt rttt ".'\" lVllrrt<latc.
On tlris p,rinL it is interesting to note that Mr. Sacher, the ChairWhat para.graph 4 nf Article zz

yrrrrported to do, thcy siry, rvas to impose on Palestine an

lrr:rtt oI l.hc I'rrlt'stiuc Zionist Bxecutive, when asked whether he thought

llrt' Mitntlt(c shotrld go on Ior ever replied "Certainly".

lfor l2 yctrs united in dernanding

sclf-govct'nment.
lo-tliry is thilt the Arab people of Palestine are
rrrrilr.rl irr rlt,nlrltling :io11e llleasure of self-government. It iS Of
vitirl intlxrrl;ruce to rletcrmine whether this unity of purpose will conlirrrrc. ljor lrvllvc vt,trrs the Arab leaclers, arnd with them the majority
of ltrose wlro lrrr.politiclrlly active, have not ceased to reiterate the
r l;rirrr l.lurt ir rt,prr,st'ntative government should be established; there
i.e no rcits()rr to sttpl-rose lhat their views will change'

may weaken but

't'lrc l';rk'slittc Ziortist l')xectttivc, trs the local branch of the

Ziouisl ()rlirrrrizirtirm rvhich for the time being is recognized as the
Mandate, is in
Jt:wish Agcnt-v in accortlltnce with Article 4 of the

t?:l

'

corrsllrnl :rntl rltrsc touch with the I'alestine Government. The Zionist
( )rgirrriz.lrtion in London lras similar relations with a department of
llis I\llrjr.sty's (lovernmcnt. Ity bot.h thc central ;rnd the hcal Zionist
lrorlir,s

lhcir irrlvisory frtnctions untlcr the Mandate

arC Constrtted itr

tlrr, rvirk'sl porisilllc scnsc.

rr.ftrpitrrlrrle, Iltc Arltlr plr4llc oI l'irlcstine irrc to-tlay rrnitetl
[1r' rcprr,sr.rrtutivc llovcrlllltcttt. 'lllris trrlity of l)urlx)se
r1'rrurltl
hr llu,ir

,?,t.

'lir

is liable to be revived in fuil force by

any large

disappointment at the continued fa,ure

to obtain any measure of selfgovernment

is greatly aggravating the difficulties of the

to.ut aO_
rninistration, was a contribritory ca,se
to the recent outbreak and is
a, factor which cannot be ignored in
the consideration of tne steps to
be taken to avoid such outbreaks in
the future.

Balfour Beclaratom dorninated situation

in Palestin+.
175. At an early point in this report we stated_and
in so doing
we quoted sir rtrerbert samuel-that the situation
in parestine for

the past twelve years ha.s bee, clo'rinatecl

by the Barfour Decraration,
which was embodieri in the preambre of the
lVrandate for parestine
and on which has been based the policy followed
in that

each of FIis IJa;esty,s Governrnents

.ourr,r,

in Great Britain since the

Uy

\,Va'r.

tsalfour Declaration to .fews me&ns a

.Iewish state im palestine.

172 'l'lrr'pr,:ilion

Illrrntltt{.ot'y's diff'iculties aggravated by failure

to irrsl il,uic sclf-governrncnt.

it

issues which invoive raciai i,terests.

rt is our berief that a feering of
resentment among the .Arab people
of Falestine consequent up* tfr.i,

l7G.

First we vriil quote the letter of the znd of

November, tgr1,
from Lord tsarfour (then lVrr. Arthur Balfour)
of
which the Decraration formed a part. ,Ihe
letter opened

I havc much pleasure in

,convcying to you, on behali oI IIis Maiestv,s

Gove,rment, thc forowing d.craraiioi
Li
aspirations which ha.s bee,-submitted t" ,"aipp.o"ed with Jewish lionist
by the cabinet.

ffipu*y

We have quoted this letter

expressed to us by Mr.

in order to ilustrate a point of view

Jabotinsky, ,,vho contends that the words
"syrnpathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations,, in I,ord Balfour,s
letter
can have no other meaning than that, when
they authorized the issue

of the Deciaration, His Majesty's Governrnent intencred

to associate
themselves wiih Zionist aspirations which,
as \ftras welr known at the
time, airned at the estabrishment of a
Jewish state in palestine.
177' After the sentence which we have quoted above Lord Barfour,s
letter set otrt the Decraration which was in the foilowing
terms ;
Majesty,s
Gov_ernme.t
view
with favour the establishment in
_
- {i,
Palcstine of a Nationar jlome for *r. y.*iir, pJopre,
and w,l use their best
endcavours to facilitate..t,e achievemcni of this objeci,
it f.i"g ;;.i;;;;;stoorl tlrrrr ,othirrg shrrll bc tlorc which ,"oy p..1ra;."
;;;;r:il;;'r.";;;:,
rights of cxistirrg ,on-Jcwisrr comnrrrnitieJ i, ir"i".ii*"".',r,."i*.i*"iIa
polit.ictl stntus cnjoyctl by Jcws in tny othcr country.

*82-

*83-

Balfoilr l)eclaration rnay be read in

two rval*s.

178.

Rcitd thc. lvlrole l)eclaration iiolv you will

st;rlcnrt,rrl. Iiut il nray be read in tu,-o ways.

it is a guarded

'l'lrcsc lrlssages (quoted from the Balfour Declaration) set out

lltt'lrvo irsl'rt'cts of the policy of the Deciaration; both are of vital

ilttpolliurt'c.
Upott ortl
nririrrlllrrrrrcc

corrsl ltrt:t irnr lhc seconcl aspect of the policy-the

rrl tlrr, r:ivil irnrl lcliuirxrs rights of the existing non-

irr I'irlcstine-is irn over-riding condition, on the

rrlrsnlult, Irrllilurcnl" of wlrich every active step in the creative aspect of
llrr, ;rolity is to bc contingent.

.f

r,u'irrlr r',rrnrrrurrilics

llrrl, rrlxin anolher construction the first aspect of the policy takes
lrntr,tk'rrlc; lhcrt: wrxrlrl be a binding obligation on His Majesty's
(lrvctrrrrrr.rrl to lllvc an<l prepare the way for the establishment of a
.fnvislr Nirliorrirl llornc in l)itlcstitre and thc second aspect of the policy

wortlrl lrr, rr rtritrol r:onsirlcratittn.

ll,lu'r'r.rr llrcsc two constructions there lie a wide variety of

irrlt,r'grrt'llrliorrs dt'penrling only ou the degree of importance which is
rrllrrchcrl lo llre lwo ilspccts of the Declaration.

l)irccl cont'lict between the principles rvhich

undorlie llalfour Declaration and Mandate.
l7!).

'l'hrrt this is iu fact the true position and that there must at

lrr,rlilcct conllict between the two principles which underlie the

llrrllorrr l)r'r'lrrlirlion lrrrl thc Nllandate nray be shown by considering
for orrl tttrrnrt'trl ;ut issttc with which the local Administration, and,
lhlrrrrglr llrr,rn, Ilis Mitjcsly's Governnrent rnay at any time be conft'ottlt,rl on ir. tlrrcsliritr of lrigh policy, namely, theprotection of tenant
crrllivrrlors rrg;rinsl rlispossession, a ntatter to w\ich, as we,have aJready
slrowrr, wt, :rltrtt:lt lhc rttnrost importarnce.
l,cl us sul)l)ose that this question is under discttssion and that
Alrrlr irrrrl .f clvish rcllrcst'ntatives itre prcsentirrg their arguments to the
( lrvr.r'nrrrcnt. On llre one sicle it wotrlrl lle conl.endecl that there is no
rrllr,r'lirlivc litttrl lo wlriclt rlisllosscssed tcl)allts cotlld migrate and that
fr,lIrlur,tr wlro ltrg lcttitnt t:ultivill.ors, hilvillg nh lrllcnrttive occupation,
Iurvc 11 r.[,ntr,nlirry right lo lxr gttrrrrlcrl lrBilinst rt'tttovitl ft'orn the land
lirrrr,c

'on rvhich they depend for their existence.

It rvo,id be arg,ed their
"rights and position," protected una., erti.t"
6 of the M;;;;;; **"
'endangered and that.there- was in consequence
an obrigation on the
Government, either by the enactment 'of
iegistation or by administrative action, to provide them

with an elfective safeguard.

On the other sirie

it would be argued that the adoption

of the line
of policy suggested by the Arabs must
have the inevitabre resuit of
putting an end to the
Jewish purchase of land in private
that in consequence, since no siate rand
"*.Jip,
has yet been or seems
rikery
in the near future to be macre ava,abie,
Jewish agricurturar

coronization would be seriorisry checked and for -rh"

futr." wourd be Iimited
to the settlement of individuals for whom places
could be found
through the more intensive curtivation
of land arready ir- r.*irr,
orvnership. It might with some force be
rrrged that inu uioptio'
by the Mandatory power of a policy which
led to this positioriwas
a breach of the positive obrigation cast upon
them in the Iatter part
of Article 6 of the Mandate.

Difficulties appreciated in

1922.

189' rt is, in our view, incontestable

that difficuities inherent in the

Balfour Declaration and the l\4andate are
factors of suprerne importance in the consideration
of the palestine probrem. These difficulties were appreciated in
ryzz; partry to meet them, but stil more
with the object of removing uncertainty as to
the future conduct of
British potricy in palestine, Mr. Churchill
in June of ,fr"i r.*
the statenient (contained in the White paper
"rr"A
of ryzz).
within its rimits the statement is crear and explicit
but, as we
read it, it was designed as a corrective to
the aspirations entertained
among certain sections of
Jewry rather than as a definition of the
rights of the non-Jewish sections of the community
in palestine.

DuaI nature of the task.

181' on both sides the poritical

with single-minded vigour.

leatrers a.re pursuing clifferent aims

Their activities are directed to one aspect of the question

only
:r.tl obstacles which bar the way to the fulfilment of their aims
either
rre totally ignored or are brushed aside as being of no account. The
irlctr of corrrpLolrrisc scarccly cxisls.

*85to developrnent
Jewish leaders opposed
of setrf-government'
opinion in
sections of Jewish
leaders of important
Secondly,
184.
a*"f'pment of selfnow
are
element in the/
Palestine
'o 'f'"
'i'"*" "'n:t-td
*r'itn *u*
''-tardinal
povernment i" ti'ut t""-t'y'
in rezz'
of PolicY laid down
;;;;;"

-84thus.*":t*:,:d*I'J:.ilry"* H:
tn rhe atmosphere which
,rir6J,,ui,

ea*i"''tration and
"iin.t uit'a bv one si<le or

everv'-1:1io';i**

liilffi;-i.

r,l;pq"_
:,ilil';;;.ip,*onc"r.*t::"1;"r;t
rhe worrts of
wlrt
6rfli1l1:ttl criticism
criticism'"
'"in,ir*u"tiue

n[:Ttnl* *.:,*:

noj to

rt''e ev's of the'

'l'he rcsult in
h*s
Urn ti* Ct*ttnment

carrv
thcotll#J,;;us toput-in

expression in

be

I'e-oll:":l

:XHIilJ1':.'#J;il:'
ceased t.
Govern'*t:lil;'Muit=t,'t
'J,1,il;"-i;'.,.,.":1,',,,'il.'1,$'l'.'l}'tJiXi,?'r:;;'a.,"i"*'
to tte
mcnr' tttrd ig lirtblc

'

be a

t1ltuu';",:,*

inevitable
some extent the
*#ft;'
position t" to
this
that
:
fvlujt"V'* GovernWc recognize
wttl,Il
task
u'
the
o{
nature
Ou, irs ill-effects-w:utl
rt.sult of rhe dual
rhenrselves in Palest*t'
Palestine'
Ht i,;;;;targccl it- arnons the lcaclers ir,i'nt"n'es intu,t' and in
tt.
ill".r i,. *,itsaicd
nppr.ciation:'l||:'::
bctter
thcrc w.re t
rcittliuess to compl'omlse'
(otltrl{ltrllllll g"ntt'
"
own
U'"lit-t,l"nn their
authorities
Jewlsh
unilertakings'

:il:ii,j.';

,*?,n,,'l,l',;:.";1;:t'",r*iiii{*,:*Uii,Lilx;fl

,,;l#i

illtliu;i*;ruff-iltiTTi#,,'JJ"'til;:iliJT:ll-i:t
o*:
statement' We
l:^:;i; po"iurt'
Mr. Churchill's

Tui;n'-t*tc

as sho
itttlit:rtte its nature

be{ore us a1!
testimonv given

":'1lll"'?#

trr[*;iil;,.3;il$*ff
lmmllurtlon rlt

it' ir'*tr'

now crrlvslr'

can be

consiclering
the point that we are
185. Other illustrations of 'Trrerouowing resolution was passed
*"'J;;ii '.,ott"'
last :
siven but
at Zurich in August

"'"

f,y tu. Sixteenth

riso J{lamnteit
im-

in

ii'"*'*'r

ol

*ffi*t-t]i':il',*',;;;;;i13

'il;

*;;;ess

m*g;ry;-#*t*#N*,'*ft
'l;'i*:fi
L^v^-"'-nta tun and undtmrustrru
i
If

I;l:ff:l'lJii:''1;1

thp nart
nafro*est
--^^^+ on
^- the
correctly-and' except
contraclear
in
p"'ible-it is
oih"' meaning '"'*t
:
rezz
in the white Paper of

we read this resolution

construction, 'o
diction to the

ioffi;;;;;;

mmmmmwwp,uffi
rleveloPment or
in its Government'
t

Capacity

-}]:iJ"':;*"fli::'$'il1

passages
In the frrst nlace the no* tn1"'l;i.*,
'"n',iorut,inn wc h"ue quotcd

4 of

'i"?u*i"i"tJion'"

"'

of Abs-orptiv"''3"ooo*tc
Doctrlne
"' ol""rila but ilisregariletl'

t83.

Jewish Agency want "unlimiteil Article

conduct
Manilate disregariled'

1g6.

of 1929 otltbreak:
Fundament'al cause
of Arab Bolitical antl
disappointment '
and fear for future'
outi'*ut aspirations
hil: relcrred
rvhich
the-matters to
:t'standing' aud in
we are satisfrecl that
of
oi Jelisfi autio'itits

reflect u
"na"#oo
some cases

ti""'""

iliU;i'1.''l'nni"i'n"lt'i"1
the Arabs in

;:

gfl;*ru

Yli;;,:1,ft ,Tfi.;:ffi-ili;.,i

ff'lil[

i:"S"ti:

.uupr.a with their

berierrhar*:ffi;';;6'-r:"i'1Y'.'lJ:;*.Hl1X'l,i,"l,llil';'?'l
of IIis MajestY's
influence thc acts

-87-

-86nr(.nl:i

liy uhit:h lhc..\rab

leaders

:rs to lhe futurt: lint: o[ policy

Itt7.

in Palestine,

'l'lrt,nr r'lu, iu orrr vicw, be

llrr'lrrrrl oI llrr,r\rrrlrs,

justify their feeling of uncertaintyr-ro

doubt that racial animosity on

of their
polilir'rrl rrrrtl rurliorrirl irspirations ancl fear for their economic futurer.
ru,rri llrr. lrrrrrltrrrrcrtltrl r';tuse oI the outbreak of August last.
conserlrrr,'ut rrpo:r the disappointment

Al'lu' ll0 yt'lrs of rrnril,y, three serious attacks

irr lr.ss llrrrn t0 .\/(lu'r.i ol' ".Icwish national horne
rrrurrrln le gr)vclnnrcnt."

It{l{

lrr

wili in years to

come be content to share the country with them.

These fears have bee* i,tensified by the more extreme
statements

of

Zionist policy and the Aral:s have come to see in the

Jewish immigrant not only a ilenace to their ]ivelihood but a possibte
overlord

of the

Arabs not anti-British.

7gz'. The outbrcali ,eitrrer \iras nor was intentred to be a revort

against British authority

()l llri:, rlr.[,rrrrrrl rrrrrplt.t'virlt:rrt:r'. '['he reports of the ]{ilitary

('rrrrrt ;rrrrl ol llrr, lor rtl (.lrrtrtttissitur which, in rgzo and in rger
n,::l)('( lir ll.\', t'rrrlrrirt'rl into thc disturbances of those years, drew
;rllcrrliorr lo llrt'r'ltitttgc iu lhc atlitude of 1he Arab population tor'rrards
lltr, .flrvr, irr l'irlt'slirrr'.
'l'lri., rr';r'r lroltrc ottt lry lhe cvi<lcnce tcrrdered during our er:rquiry
rvlrr,rr rr lrrr'..,i'ttl:rlit,t's ol irll ltarties told us that before the War the
.flur rrrrrl r\r'rrlrs lir','tl sitlc by side if rrot in.amity, at leiist with'
lrrllr;rnrr', ir tltt:rlilv ulrit:h to-tlay is ahnost rtnknown in Palesiine.
\\ lrlrr llrl lt'r'trr:i oI llrc Bnlfotlr J)cclaratiou becittne generally
l,n,,n'rr tlrr' \rrrlr. rllt,'r',tcrtllv rlis;rlrPoitttcrl wilh the llosition in rvhich
lltlt' l,'rrrrrl llrcttt lltr'..

It{ll.

llX). ['1rorr llrt'iurr()lttr(:('lll(:llt of l)()licy irt rgzz the Je'ws found that
lli:, Ilrrjlsl.t"s ( iot r'rtrtttutt tvt'rc not preparecl to accept the exrr1q11'r'rrllrl ittlctprllrtliotrs wlrit:| in some quarters hacl been placed
llrr, lllrl[ogl l)t'r'l:tutliott. Itr crx:seclrtence Some SeCtionS oI the
.lru', :rl',,r irr l'llt'ir ltlrll \\'cre tlislllllointed.
'l',r ll,r'lrr,li11, 1ll";llrlroittltltr'rrl oI lllr'.\ritlrs lltt'rt'clrtltt: in
llll
'1
litr| lo lrr':rrl,l|tl lr';tt r,I llrr'.1|rv ils illl ('('()lloltti<: t'otttllclilor'

il

tttttl;l ;t;r1rt'llt' itrtpr,rlrrtlrlc llr:rl srrclr cottrlx'titors

lraiestine.

xgs.

\ve consider, however, that trre craims and tlenra,rls wrrich frorn
the zionist side have been advancecr in regard to the future of
Jewish
immigration into Palestine have been such as to arouse among the
Arabs tire apprehensions that they will in time be deprived oi lrreir
iivelihood and pass under the politicar domination of the
Jervs.

194. we furttrrer

consider that sir John carripbell was right when he

reported tha,t the crisis of rgzT and rgzg was due ,,to the fact that
immigrants have come i,to palestine in excess of the economic
absorbing polver of the country.

195.

There is inco,testable evidence that in the matter of immigration

there has been a serious departure by the jewish authorities from the

doctrine accepted

by the organization in tgzz that

should be regulated b), the economic capacity

immigration

of Faiestine to

absortr

new arrivals.

rn conjunction r,r,ith other and more immeerizrte canges for disturbance, the feeling of Arab apprehension caused by Jervish immigration was a factor rvhich contributed to the outbreah.
N{andatory's conflicting ohligations in regard
to trand, as untler Ar.ticles, 2, 6, and 11 of the
Mandate, violated to detriment of Arabs.
Irnpracticable.

rrlxrrr

'l',r llrr' \r;rlr,

in

Manelatory,s obligations in regard to

lmmigration not f ulfillectr.

lt,s:r llurrr lt,rr vcars thrcc serious attacks have ltoen made by

,'\t;rlr:; r,n.lcws. Irrrr cigltty years before the first of these attacks
tlu,r'r,irr rro lt:r:orrltxl instirnce of any similar incidents. It is obvious
llu,rr llr;rl llrc rt.litl ions lletween lhe two races during the past decade
rrrrrsl lr;rvr.rlil'[r'rctl irr sonre rnittcrial rcsi:ect from those which previously olrl;rirrrrl.

future.

196.

Soon ultcr lhr incl itutiorr o[ civil qovel.lu].rel1t in palestine the

Adnrinislrrrti.n lre.rrrrrt, lruri.us lcsl. lhe interests of tenants and

cttltivirtors slrorrltl lrr. lrrr',irrrlir

lrl

lr.v llre srrle of lnr.gc cstales.

._88107.

The Land Transfer Ordinances of. rgzo and rgzr were passed
with the object of protecting the interests of cultivators and of

;rreventing their expropriation from the

lo

soil.

Those Ordinances failed

achieve their objects and were replaced

Ctrltlvators Ordinance of. rgzg.

lOtl.

by the Protection of

Iletween rgzr and rgzg there were 1arge sales of land in con-

Be(lucuce

of which numbers

of

Arabs were evicted without the

provirion of other land for their occupation. In some cases the Arabs
who wore rllrpossesscd rocc.ivcd cash compensation and no criticism
t'ntt lto lcvlcrl ugrrlrrst tlre Jewish lanrl companies in respect of these
trnnltu:llons. 'I'hose companies were acting with the knowledge of
lhe (lovernlncnt.

100,

'I'he }rotection of Cultivators Ordinance of tgzg, while giving

cotnpcnsatiou for disturbance, does nothing to check the tendency
townrtls the rlisposscssion of cultivators from their holdings. The
nrt'ro provirion of coltrpensation in money may even encourage that
londonc.v.

100,

'l'lrr, position is now acute. There is no alternative land to

whlch lx,rsous evicted can remove. fn consequence a landless and
dlsconl.cndcd class is being created. Such a class is a potential
tltrngcr lo lhe couulry. [Inless sorne solution can be found to deal
wllh tlrlq uituotion, the question will remain a constant source of
t)re$ont, dlscontcnt and a potential cause of future disturbance.

201, I)alcstine caurrot support a larger agricultural population than

ll rrl prcscnt carries unless methods of farming undergo a radical
cltnrrgc, Witlr nr<xc intcnsivc cultivation, should this prove to be
prnrllrle, rrrrnr nright llc founcl for a number of new-comers in certain
rllrl llt:lrr.

l'nlexllno Aralts' Attitude and Fosition vis-ir-vis

exlgting British Mandate and Staiements'of
Policy.

202, 'l'lrcse

reasoned statements and opinions

by the Parlia-

mant.lry (lonrmission of Inquiry must stand as unquestionable

ancl incontcstable cvidence entirely establisbing and supporting
thr l)nlertinc Arab protests against the Paleetine Mandate as

well as the reasonable demand, in the interests of hurnanit y,

and
those of the Coven ant of the League of Nations,
for, such
Mandate to be revoked if its amendtenr to confor",
*irf ,lr.
fourth gtaragtaph of Article zz of that Covenant cannot
on
account of the Jewish national home policy
be secured.

203' The community existing on the territory of parestine

on the date of the Covenant of the League of Nations
as a

"community forrnerly beionging to the Turkish

Empire,, was
not excluded frorn the scope of the fourth paragraph
of Articte
zz of the Covenant of the League.

204. Except for the Balfour Declaration of the British

Government the Palestine Mandate like that for syria and the
Lebanon should and would have-been identical with that of
Iraq as drafted in the year rg2r,
205, Not only the Arabs of Palestine, but no sensible being
on the surface of the Earth can be persuaded to believe and
confide in statements of British policy including the rg2z
Brirish Government itterpxetation of "a Jewish National Home
in Palestine" so long as the very same Government has in that

very same statement intetprcted the words "portions of syria

lying to the west of the districts of Damascus, Homs, Hama, and
Aleppo" to mean anif cover the territory of Palestine-as if
West ceased to be West and South ceased to be South.

206. The fourth

paragraph of Article zz of the Covenant of

the League provided for the "recognition', of the community of
Palestine as an "independent nation". Instead of that the pteamble to the Palestine Mandate gives "recognition to the
historical connection of the Jewish people with palestine and to

the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that

countfy."

207. And it is at least for the Palestine Arabs to say that

the Mandate System whiclr was "conceived
born in sin."

in

generosity was

-9r-

PART

Observations of permareent Mandates Commission

(in Novernber, 1gZ4) on palestine Mandate.
209. In the third paragraph of the said statement the foilowing admissions occur :

VII

The Permanent tr(andates Commission's uiew

of the Palestine Mandate on the considerution
of the Mandatorg's frsf onnual Report in,iune,
t 924i " Complc"uit tt" and " Conflict of Interest."

The difficulties arising out of the pecuiiar crraractcr of the palestine

Mandate are well hnown.
There is no need to-iabour this aspect of trre question, sincc
it is --ii with
'.,,o,
which the Permanent Mandates com*isrloo are already ru.iri-. onc
discussed in detail in the course of the observations
recorded ry irr.-"c"*lnission (in November- 1924) an the first report on the administration of

Palestine that came under their examination. fr," cor-i..i"r-ti-.r"i.*rlr..a

that, whereas all the otrrer mandates the apprication or wrricrr-tt,cy irr,i-iritr,.r-

to examined were onry intended to give cftcct to the gcncrll principtcs or

Article 22 of the covenant of thc Leag-ue of Natiols, trrc riinnrrlrc'ini pir.rtinu
was "of a more complex. naturc", in th"t it imposc<r uJron thc uu,iiiiitorv

-"-r.u"+*/r^-r*,
lVho is the Arbitrator

Power
?

208. 'fhe British Covernment, however, would not choose

to eutrnrit to thc vcrdicts of an cminent Parliamentary Comminsion c()nlposccl as it was of such illustrious men as Sir
Walter Shaw, a Chief Justice for Chairmafl, and Sir Henry

Battcrton,

Mr. I-Iopkin Morris and Mr. Henry Snell as

members.

ln

unanimous. Mr.
Sncll's rcscrvation did not profess to undermine their force.
It is, however, the candid belief of the Palestine Arabs
t.hat thc llritish Govcrnment know all about it. But it is one
thing lor l party to know tl:e other party's claim; and it is
anothcr to aclrnit it, or if admittcd to grant it.
lrr tlrc I)alestinc case the British Covernment and the
tlrcsri vcrdicts the Commission were

Palrstirrc Arirbs are opponents.

It

wirs, thercfore, no surprise for the Palestine Arabs to

read in thc gazette Extraordinary issued by the Government of
Palcstinc, on tlre zgth of May, rg3o, the Statement made by
thc llrit ish Accreditcd Representative before the Permanent
Mrndrtts (.onrmission in May, rg3o,
---

1)o

a "twofold cluty", viz., tirat of promoting rrrc

estrrrrrisrrmcnt

iit .

National Home for the Jewish people, in

to tlrrrt of *crmi,istering tho
country in conformity with the interests "hditio,
ol the polulation rrs a whrlc. ,.fhc
result, as the commission pointed out, .-as to crtatc a,,co,llict of irrrcrcsrs',
between which the balance had to b; held.
The observatioas recorded by the permanent I\fandates commissio, in
'^tr,a
Nov_ember, 1.924, have lost none of trreir rerevance at the present ti-"
conflict of interest remains, and tbe task of holding the bajancc tas iertairrty
not decreased in difEculty.

Mandatory adrnits unsatisfactor.y featurcs.

210. The said "Statement" (also paragraph i) continues
to describe the situation "as one of great dericacy" and proceeds
as follows :

'

That it has certain unsatisfactory fcaturcs, as is ltointr.rl out in ilrc

Report oI the commission of inquiry, His Majesty,s cou.r*n.iii-ui.
,ot
conrerned to dispute. Rather, they ar'e more conierncd to provitlc-a
;;;;;
t9.
this
task
they
mean
to address trremserves with uir rr," i..n,"..r.',,t
lnq
their- disposal. They do not underrate the difficulties. rl,. .r,raiiir,,
iiir.t..
which remedial rreasures can be appried arc strictry rimitcd; tr;ct,.," govi:;;d
bv the terms of the Mandate andLv thc dual obiigrrtioiii"r,lli,'ii ln,irrr.-."

211. The foregoing quotations clearly acknorvlcdgc a situation of "a complex nature" and a "conflicl of intcr.cs(s.,, But
the fourth paragraph of Article zz of thc (.o'cn.rrt .l thc
League of Nations pro'rided for only orrc "ct.rur,runity" in

Palestine. The conrplcxity ancl the conflict of intcrcsts wcrc

introduced by pacts and instrumerrts which by virruc of Article
zo of thc I.caguc sb.uld not havc bccn recogriz.cd .n rhc z4th

-92-

-93*
policy within rhe terms of the Balfour Decraration
tl

of July, rg22, when the Palestine Mandate was confirmed.

212, As for the reference to a "remedy" it is open for the

Paleetine Arabe to contend that the Permanent Mandates Commircion, (ae above admitted by the British Government) even

rl frr back as the month of November, tg24, pointed

out this

"complexity" and this "conflict of interests" and yet so much

frve full yeare were allowed to pass but no sirch remedy was
found. Thc lg2g outbreak followed and up to the rgth of
Alril, tgr6, the search for a remedy must have continued but
in vrinl for we are now in the midst of a more serious out-

il

brcak.

Mendatory admits being confronted with a

"dilemma."

tl8, In

patrgraph S of the said Statement the British

Govrrnment after quoting the Permanent Mandates Commlrrlon'r discussions of November, rg24, proceeds to admit that
thc Mandatory for Palestine had been and still was confronted
with r "dilemma."

o"''

\T;H*,[:'rff;;;,:uu"u'

814, The

Palestine Arabs's plea is that a "dilemma" should

been created, and having been crcated, should have

not hrvc
bnrn rcmoved by a revocation of the Mandate or a radical
rmcndment of its terms-an amendment where no "complexity" ot "conflict of interests" could be claimed.

'
il!,
Mry
rlrln

A furthcr Statement of Policy within

torms of Mandate: No Bemedy.

Reverting to the British Government's Statement of

r93o before the Permaneirt Mandates Commission we
mtet (in Paragraph Z) the ueuat outlet of a Statement cif

Palestine Mandate

and the

The statement of British poricy in parestine, was issued in rg22. The

administration of the country has since b"en coohuct'ed
srr*"I ri".a
Iaid down in that statement, except that, for reasons already
""-tu..*Iprrin.a.
ii*
proposed I,egislative Council has never been brought into teirig,iince..iowever, no such statement co-uld be adequate or complete ,rt iif, igo.ia ifre
vital questions of land settrement,,immigration and'development,'ii-*,ur"iu
necessary

to await the Report of Sir J. Ilope

gimpson

--95--

219.

PART V11i

,,ll.r;,iii"r:':[t,,,,,1,i1:,:ll::,'3i,'r,'rTKir!,';:t;;
tt
I: t'r cft'nc,'d bY1

for the land, and

Sir John Hope Simpson's

[.ct us thcrcfore quote from
Lu'a Setttement and Development"'
[(cp,rt tttt "iuturig';;;'
in october'
the British Parliament
'l'trc l(cport
n"l";;
and
';
"'"
3686' The headings'
rgJo, as Conrma;;;;tt-No'
tt'r[.-, Jrc not in thc origir,al'

210,

155'000 dunarns

in reserve'

the total
ltrrs l-rt't'n rccorcled''rnetric.

the Jewish
area o[ land held by

From the statement in

those lands
'
legally bound

it

sufficient consideration'

of Jewish Agency rendered

The 1929 Constitution
Contrarilv t'
it a boirv ;#::;ffi;nriate.';"
thi* Constitution requrres
4, 6, anil 1; 'it'il;;*tu'
t- become inalienable
on
tuoa p"ti';;J;;-;-i'"
and requires labour
propertv "i"'i"ii"i r9ofle
;Jbe restricted to Jews'

f*1"*

self-supporting'
Zionist Settlements not
it may be said that
agricttlturirl settlements

221.

218.

zionist. sr,rrlcurcrrrs ar.e

scrf-supngSt.i:i.;

;*

fttrlher
thetnselvcs ttttrout
lx: rrlrltr r" ntui"i"in
amount' towarrls satisfaction
ls'
btr(.k to tlt* l(t""i:il;;;;i;
"n11"'r'r"
rrtr trcontllnic rent' !t
titt"t"'tt"ytt"-"'tlt
tt"tl"'
tf''f"''
rtf llrult
'u"t
lntlrrt.tItttlttrltttrlIlrtttttrl$ttcltt:rlttsttttrtttitIiotrisirrrticilrittcd.

of

In Article O of it'" Mandate

position of the Arabs are
the rights and
to
oi Falestine "ott"""ti'at
ti i' doubtiul whether' in
dl;*#-immigration'.
not prejudictd
the Mandate received
lands' this Article of
tr'"'S""uft
of
the matter

22A.

none o{ the
sense that they would
pay
assistance and

which they were not

'aifi"t
t"*uiJJit-'*ou"t-ol
Torrt'
business
tt.'eir bt'sit'ess' but the

t n;;";;^' t"' position of the Arabs was not

the Governmeot tlvsee;'i;Jthe
,
;;;;, affected bY the transaction'
is the duty of the Administration

d:]'itt]t'
ttsupN*ri,rr.l llu*rl is :;;,;;;
the settlements called
exclucling
tltal'
i'
A1t1x'rrtli't
This implies that of
" t t "f'r'i'"'*
t'ttlv
"'i"'^*o'
sxrt't.rl"
are in reserve'
ti't itt""r ovt:t''l 55'5oo dttuttms
lltl llrtrrl lr.ltl lrv ''ll;;";Jil;"-1""
' Of the

lands. The
known as the sursuk

These lands are commonly

of Palestine'
u*u' io Jews- are not residents Arabs'
landtrords who sold on"*
Palestine
all
int"-tu"os were
The tenants
with which to reproach

nothing

RePort'
Sir John HoPe SirnPson's

,\s

landless classes'

The Jewish authorities have

paid high prices
tr'" Su"'r ruJ*' They
ol
tr'"
in
themselves
the occupants of
"iui't"*
they paid- to certain oI
frr

-r*-va'P<wr

217.

which

Vale of Esdraelon
cultivj'"i i""tnt "t'laies in the
cultivating
on''
369 are now
by the Jtyli
were purchased and ttt"i"a
hilve joiued the
nine of these iamilies
the land. Thttt h;;;;;;il

*h' J;;;;i

,\ir' ,/ohrt I/oPc SinlPson'

ln ll)l|0 Jews hcltl

The real result of this enquiry

families which

"Cort{lict of lnterests"
l'ltc "Contplexitg" ancl

is

larrdless as result
Hundreds of Arab famitries
landlortls; a flagrant
of sales r', t rit"lit""t;t
viotatili of Article 6 of Mandate'
Arab
is to establish that of 688

"*hi;;d

on thc exisling
colonisation in Palestine
The effect ol the Jewish
on wlriclr the
Uv tnt conrlitions

population ut'i'*t*"tt"
"titttta'
antl lease their la'tl'
'u
various Jewish ffi;;;;;"'"tell
wts signtrl
Agency for l'alestinc
The Constitution oI the Jewish
(t') reatl as
zrt Ztrrich on

antl
r4th August' r9z9' n-tt,itft 3(cl)

tt"'o'n|,,
r.rnrl is to

r';c acrlttirerl

l0
r,,ut'i*il'n*-ui Arliclt

t^l:-r'i:,i,i:l'iT\1,.'\1lil,,:':lllil,i'-ll'-.'l-"
.f tlri: Agrcctnctrt'

-97n",E Tn the similar agreement

"iroririo, as

Jffili:'rl"f;

u*'*'#"'s.-*x*s*-*"*'n""-

r(crcn-K.ayemeth

drafhl"ffi

tt..,,r,,,,r,,:
is
wlrk'lr

it' f;.tifi;:'ilf T"l ", J

A,ticle,,..
ot with the aid or

*l

Jewish

labouters'

- .< ^cwrondate and Mandatory's

226 "r "T:;;hl :;;:'r',;.J'::i:ll"'"T:1ffi':l'#T::

'-ir,.r'r-l'_.gf
i,',"":T^;II;.:y?t1?:iil:.IJ:XJ'L:',11ffi'::
mo:t
:''tiu' o' the time or trre.,Zionist
#ll"|!T'1}lff ffi:--rhe

[ii1"tll"-'",ffi1j#Ji
l

rl.^ Kt't ctt-KilV('r11ct

iro* *.irt* "T i'1,11X1'* T"IJ ^'*

."
L*e,",,', Inli"'r"*i,r,
t["roln""ra p.opr"

't*li**ku*ryffi

r' rrt: r,, rsc,

1.,H

relations

ilflnil:::

1,tt;

t*',.'"rll"-'**jjiq.,gl,j*l;5[t$-ih'T
llrt'
t'ttIorct'tnt
ttlont
lltrt't'
Ittlir
tt

his ligllt lo

it

rcstittttiott allcl

u"'*

ITHI
"'-'' lf ir,l,',':"
".1

ffiT'lffi

,,I,,,.,,1;r,ffi i:frxffi;;;*:t".:':'r:tii'si
in
r.r

il.nitrs

,,,, **r*
tl

--'
thc lVtarturrrrv -

IJ*

tttrtl wlrrtl

otrlY '

"

olenrnrv

de

clar ed

n'ii3t,ll

i1i#':#nl'll
*"tu" t^t::;o,
"t
prosperous
to both into a
ol ttitn"o'i"nJrro*"tur,a
..om,,..,*th

of the 1t*o1 i.opt..."

sentiments
::ff;iirtffi[l
i,"",, the excellent
#ft'iH;"i;:ffi:l!;T,11iT'iil::txrld::.",r,ffi
*nt:"
compa
ouoted above'

l,*iilir,l- a1-",ri'l,l:u;',ry,.^t'Tf"
I

-ot'n

the desire

;'"'"il'"=u" il'"

z'it.,

,",,1il,:t,t'"J3ti;offil':X:1il;

"'11

"t

;Jfl*r"r**,

::,,' ll Ui,i'li,.]!iT,
ttt'.'tt('st'.tt,,"it.*irt
National

lt

"'ll'll'i^ili'T}"$?l;"11'[::i:*"#i]Lthattbesame

l,r'^x'l]1ii,.}i*t

followst

-96lf;

thclo is
for the ilmeli colouis

-. ,,.,lprtakcs thrtt

hc

The provisions
settler in u 1:o;n'='
binding o'-' "ut'Y
publiciy expressed'
the sentirnents

** "*' ,nl
'

:;;o; "t" "*

*i"

-"

itfti'*'*'m
::
ll",T"t*t+rui*l**p;e1i;1*6
"1;-*,oi'ff
nl}mx :i [JTiry]'1x't:'=","1rui1, r# .tS**:

i"a "a
il iix.t's iri!illli il:# il$**1ffi'.m:r,,,'

will dul,tiri"i^itotau.'n

**t ***J**t"*'*",l.ll*ll{'1ffi

si

',}iit*l#fuS*l;******1",",:.'+*l
the Zionil

*98Irnpracticablity of Articles ),' d, 6, and 11 of

trIandate admitted by Jervish authorities and
illustrated by Sir John Simpson.

228.

Altenrpls were niacle to ascertain the reasons for these drastic

ltrovisiorrs directed to exclude every Arab from the land purchased.
'I'he lixecutive of the General Federation of Jewish Labour were
perfcctly frank on the subject. They pointed out that the Jewish
colrnics rvcrc founrlrtl lrrrrl csllrlrlishcd by Jewish capital, and that the

srrlrsllipli.rrs.f u,lriclr llris r.lrpilal is composed were given with the

irrl.nl i,rr l lurl .f.u's sh.rrl<l cnrigrzrte to I)alestine and be settled therelh;rl llrt'sc srrlrscliptions would never have been given had it been
lhorrsht thlt they would be employed to support Arab labourerslhrl it rvirs thc busineps of the Zionist Organisation to cause immigralion inlo lhlestine o[ as nralty Jews as possible, and that, if Arabs,
rlcre r,nrplrycd, posls would thus lje filled up for which Jews might
hirvr' irnrligurlcrl lhlrl llrc llositiorr tif agricultural labourer in the
rolotrir.s, rvlrr,rr rrr:r'upicrl lry lr..few,.serves as a training for the imnrillrrrl lrrrrl lrlcplrrcs hinr lo lalic over a holding himself at a later
rlrrlr' ;rrrrl, Irnllly, that if these posts were left open to the ordinary
torrrpr,l ilion of the labour market, the standard of life of the Jewish
Irrllorrrr,r rvorrl<l be liable to fall to the ]ower standard of the Arab.

220. All tlrtst' argtrnrents are thoroughly logical, and have a basis in
firr'|. 'I'hr.y lrre, howcver, irrelevant, in view of the provisions of
,\ rl iclc (r of thc l\Ianclate. The principle of the persistent and
rk'lilicrrrlc lroycott of Arab labotrr in the Zionist colonies is not only
tolrllltv lo llrc llrovisions of the article of the Mandate, but it is in
ittkliliorr lr crrrrsllrrrl irn<l itrcreasing sorlrce of danger to the country.

.,\t llrr, lllonl(,nl lhis llolit:y is crlnfined to the Zionist colonies,

llrr.(ir,trr,r'lrl
lrrrl
lie<leral.iort of Jelvish Labour is using every effort to
('nsrrr(.tlrrrt il slxrll bc extendecl to the colonies of the P.I.C.A., ancl
lhis willr sonre considerable success. Great pressure is being brought
lo lrt.ar trn llre old P.I.C.A., colonies in the Maritime Plain and its
rrr,ighllorrrhood-pressure which in one instance at least has compelled
;xrlicc inlervr.ntion. As a syurplom of that pressure may be cited
lltr, rottsl rut'lion of a labotrr Iivrrlzoth (communal colony) on the
otrlskirl:r oI llu, l).1.('.A. villtrgc of Nt,ss-Ziona. It is certain that the
tltt1rlo.1,r'1',i oI llrirl villrrgc will rrol llc nlllt'lo rcsist tlre argurnents'of

-99-_
the General Federation, reinforceil
by the appeals of the vigor.us
Iabour colony at its gates.

"230'

present position, precrudi,g

any emproyrnent of Arabs in
-.The colonies, is undesirabl",
the Zionist
tlo*
the point of view both of
justiceland of the good governrnerrt'of
the country. As Iong as these
provisions exist in the constitrrtion
of the Zionist orguriroffi ;, tt
Iease of the Keren-Kayemeth
and in the ugreement of the Kel.en_"

Ilayesod it cannot be regarded as

desirabre that rarge areas of land
should be transferred to the
Jewish National

Fund. It i, i*p"rrifrf"

'to view with equanimity the extension of an encrave in palestine

from
w-hich alr Arabs are excluded' The
Arab popura.tion
arready regards
the transfer of rands to Zionist hanrrs
with disrrrry anrr irr,rnr.
?hese cannot be dismissed as baseless
in the Iight of trrc zirnisr
,.ricy
which is described above.

In

lg30

: Area of cultivable Iand available for

Arabs only

ffr'

8,644,000 dunams.

The total curtivabre area of these two

regio,s (the

and the Five plains) is 6,544,ooo dunams.

Oithese at
dunams are arready in the possession of

H,l

corntry

f.urt qo;,ooo

the Jews. l.lrere irr.e rhrrs

5,644,.,.0 dunams availabre for the Arabs at the present

tinrc. rr.his
figure differs materia,y from the figure quoted
by the commissi., on
the Disturbances on p. rr3 of its Repori,
and userl iu thc argunrcnts
on pp. rzo et seq. i

For a tenant cultivator lB0 dunams

required.

232"

The report. of the committee on the Economic

condition of
Agriculturists records the opinion, at page
3z of the report, that:
To provide the minimum cost of livins for a family,
a holding of ?!
dunams seems to
130 dunums.

'e

necessary

ro. an o*,.i-iurtivator

*r,ii.

"

r.r"iJ'iriulro,

Arab cultivator: : intelligent, hard_working,

antl anxious to improvo.

233." l:lvidence from evcry possiblc source tentls to support the conclusion tha,t lhe Arab fcllah cultivator

is in

rr

desperate positlon.

Ife has no capital for his

farm. tr{e i,
crebt. ais rent
h;;;.
;;"0;; T#.n"]T.il1rl?or,;l
ls ..:i:c,
rate o[ interest on
his loans ir;r...AInUfrigfr.--Orrti"
he is intelligent and frr.Ar".tirg,
r*0,
aiA
p;tifuUy
anxious "rirJ
to improve
his standarcr of curtivation
Ji;"i .i-]rorro
""-" of life. And vervl rittre
has been done for him
in ,fr" p*f

_IOI*_

In ry27 the total sales

rose to z
rvere exported.
tolsr of whlch
rn Noveruhe" ur -ult,1t,
9,or
tnat
6oo rnils (res.) per

In

fn the sixth

23'l' It rras been shown that there

are about

6r,40g Ferah fam,ies

who cultivate some
5,644,oooarru.r-Jr Una. Ttris
holding of gr'9 dunams per
il^;; ul,.rr**
family. rt is true, as pointed
out in the
memorandum of the
Jewish agercy
Report of the Commission
o, the Disturbances, that ther"e
";;.
orangc groves and vegetables. ".. "-"r.rrr.r of Arabs who curtivate
rr th..rgunrcrrt ant.may be..tTneir numbe., i,o*.uJrjir'#t ,i"t.ri"r
otr-qqoinrt the recr,ction
in the area
.ue rr
Ger,ran v,rages a.d to
area
of
agriculturar
'rc
hekl by sonre of the churches
Iand
"-".1*t"

,,Nesher,,

profit by manipulation of: existing and making

tarift : an
Cement Works

infringe_
ment of Articles 2 and 6
of Mandato____
236' In lris report sir simpson
devotes the whole of chapter
IX for Palestinian Indusrry. ifrl,r**aries
of a census of
industries are given on pages
ro6-ro7 of the Report :
ln orclcr to be.able to appreciate
Sir Simpson,s findings
and argunrcnrs on this quesrio",
,,
,i"i.a
on pages r r3 f of his
rcport the fo'owing particurars
regarding the rarge enterprise
as "Nestrer cemenr w.rk;;:;;.
trk.,, from pages ro8_

lil:,

ll,ril,l

was shown u.
__ ,ll"u'
its,z7

decrared.

business

in rez5. At that

,,,,,,,,,1,''l'i,,lJ':i:l'[1i"*enoed
;;,,;, ;;',;:, :i'-1::,1'j:lJ';l,,iTJ:J

s. Ir.s wr,r r,

;,ffirr:

time the
ir,.

i"or

;il:Ji,J::ff,.t[,,1.s ngnrn rrrrrnr,

to

6g

rePort for the

r, rro

Company,s ccnr(,nl
Tna
(54s.)
per ton.

,-

"'ji",1.,*"rJrr?ri.,,l:..J,TlrllJ,Tlj
is solrl

irr

;r:hT,1in:ij*I;; ,;[ ;lilx #ii ;j #n,'[tll,

pur..til

2g6.

o (,n,,r,iunnl, ru r
;#;;:hfir:[',:# rl ii;,,.I1-:s.
urr
cost ,r trntrslxr't
t, fivl;6,
r

rr is crear ,r;;;;:]-':-'ut

u"::rnncrc * r,nr r^
pronrr,af,;#Trff
;rraco
i:;:fii,.:,";il1
price. Arso rhat tr,"
rlnrlr nt rrr. syrrnrr
ina,,ri,ly.;i;i,;,;T: _sorg
nttrinlttlnctl wera lr rrrt
the protective tariff.
frr
tn" ,i,"'-1i,,,".1,,1" itt fnv,ttr'f
that it enables the
lho lrrrllr rr
company to
or a

ernnlov;olt

*i gr, r oil;;i.. il;,il:I,,fi

,li,X:,il]i :,r,;H [..,,il,,,j
argument is not convincing
to il;"
r

o Ara bs *n o

;,;..r

ill.,'1ffi;""::J '.h".r'ot*.:,," ,i;;',,

;;,;il#

b;

lngi-',.ffi
.:.'"";ti:::tX1ffi
profits gainea

-the

vassed, anJ

with

.2g2.

Views

I'X}:'f i:il,

j'l

l,alc.stirrr,, wtro rrtll-

,r

rrrx .r,rrrnrrr.

;,,il1,;T]iill,,,1li,,i

;l

X:ry;e;:{il;-;:i;,,,,,,

to
a ton in view of
unaer the lor,ver rate
of , ariff'ut'6d'
is also freqttently

..uron.

very

cirrr-

rndusrr.y cannot bc
rrnsis of

;:r:,:,:l':,,:T::::
t' th c ;,,;,;;,;;;,':ii, :,I,ffi.}-'I,,

:i'rrtr
rcm.rr<,,,,,,,.:,,ir,ili ,'i,,1';;i;,,;,,,i,,,
irrrlrrsll.y rnrl the t.orrr;rlr.;tlivr,ly
slirlionnry

.r.hc

snrall

of

in

rhe ,,rir.e

i:ffi,;iHilT:'i,l;,:t

palestinian
large individual enterprise
is the ,,Nesher,, cement
works at

trnt

saleo

sales rose

fulfilment.

vear the duty nv6 rnlrorl

to

r, J::#;:.::;:dril:r,|::t :r which rr,.3.1r r,rn wcr!

rrom 6oo to 85o

mir, (,,,,. io
, In rgzg, the
total

Arab families, even in IgS0,

had less than
ayeraEe ,,Iot viable.,,
Articles Z, 4,6,and ll of
Mandate impossible of
61,409

rgzg total

exporred.

^,

*.il;;;:

ii,,

JI[:'il]

,.,,,,,u ,,,.,,,,,,,

,,,',,,.

;rrsitiorr of thc lnrgo.

-ro3set up industries which may, each in its own line, compete with sinrilar

-IO2-

the 'Nesher' Cement Factory is dependent on

protection not ouly for its profits, but for its existence' It could not
c,xnpete with importecl cemcnt, rvere the protective tariff wi'rhdrawn.
'I'he withtlrarval of the cluty on imported oilseeds appeared to
lie it trct:r'ssity to the success of the "Shemen" oil factory'
I

t is clear that

'l'lrt'('t'llars of Richon-Le-Zion ancl Zichron-Jacob owe their very

interest of
cxislcnt:c, Dot to economic action, but to the liberality and
prosper
to
continues
ll:rrorr l,ltlmonrl <lc Rothschild. The industry
spirits.
and
b1'r.t,ilsotr 0[ thr, lrr.otcclivc rlulies otr intllorted wines
'l'lrc lcxtilrr lr;xlc lrcnchts lry lhc imllort of its raw materials free
goods imported'
of rlrrly :rrtrl lly ir l2 pcr cent. ar] valttretn tax on similar
inlo tlrc ctltttrtrY.
ln fact, large industry in Palestine appears to depend on manipupopulation is taxed in order that
lrrlion of the tariff. The rest of the
position to'
lhc prr4'rrit:lors of these inclustrial concerns may be in a
atrd to make a profit for themselves'
1r,,.ui1,,:wltgcs of thcir lallourcrs

l'r'inti;llc o[ ttbsorlttive capacity laid down by

Nltrnrttttory, not acknowledged by Jewish
Agcncy : a frank challenge of 'A"rticles 2' 4' 6'
and 11 of Mandate.
'l'lrc tlrtt'slion tlf thc ftrttrre development of industry in Palestine
of the Jewish
is rlisr rrssr'<l rtl crnrsitlcrltble lenqth in the }tlemorandum
Memorandurn'
The
macle'
already
Agcrrt y to which rcfcrence has been
the whole talk of
r:ottsitlt'rs Ihat "frotn the point of vierv of Industry
place
and should be
oi
ive cirllacity t'f the cou'try is otit

z:ltt.

llu':tlrsorpl

is not
o[ on(:t' anrl for all'" The ainr of Jewish industry
are
whort
of
Arlrbs, three-qtiarters
"lo tttlt'r for llttl wltnts of 6oo,o0o ()otnnrur]ity itself and to Export
.. . it is l() tht, lclvish
1xror, lx,rrsirrrls.
It is quite incorrect to
llrlrl .lt'lvislr irrrlrlstry Lrolis in thc lrrst place'
on a market being
lrt'licvc tlurt .lt'wisll Itnutigraliou is clepentlent
things
Jewish immigration that
:rllr':rtly ;rv;rilitllle; it is llefore all

rlisgxrsctl

r.rt,rrlCs

Inarket'
thc h0mc ntarket ancl conclrters the foreign

z:lt),|.lrt.fttlrllanrcntalcltteslirrrris:ArctlrertlJcws,arrdhowmany
I'iLlcstine if
,I llrr,rrr lrrr, l5err,, *hn,,r,, prt,pru.rl l. irttttillt'ttl. into
str[lirilrrllvt'tttottr:tgtrl,r'rlrllt'lrstttot<liscottt';tgcrl'irttrlwlro,wiil]-.bring
bttt
rrrrrl rrrlcrlrurlr. lrtrsirrcss cxlx'rit'ncc,

willr

tlrr.rrr srrt.ti,i,,rrt ,:rrl,itrrl

p;trlit'rtlltr
pt.r,Ier.rrirl\,tr urr[litit.rrl httotvlt'rl11r'oI it

irrrlrtslrfirl orrlcr to

industries; and are there other Jews who are prepared to immigrate
into Palestine to supply the skillecl and unskilled labour required?

fndustrial development does not solve a

problem; itself one; Article 6 of Mantlate
r imPossible of observance'
240. Plainer proofs of the plans, objects and policy to flood
the country with Jewish immigrants in order to oust the Arabs
imthere cannot be. Establish an industry and apply for
for
migrants to start producing. In order tt: havc consunlcrs
'['ltc
c;rpit.rl is
the products, again apply for morc immigrants.
Jewish. The labourers arc Jews. 'I'lrc nct restrlt for (lrt' Arlbs
is an abnormal rise in the tariff prohibiting llte itttpott <''f

and ultimate subordination i1 llulllt)crs t6 t'ltc

components of the Jewish'national home'
241. Sir simpson collceives the question of industrial
deveiopment in Palestine as a problcm to bc solvccl' lrr lris
opinion Jervish imrnigration does not afford a sillutiolt, lt is
"lntnigra'
itself another problem. Thus under the heading :
tion as a solution of industrial problcrns", Sir Jolrl Sirnpson
develops, as follows, the opinion that in sound administrltioll
we shoulcl look further than the imrrrcdiatc 1-rrcsr:trt itt lrdcr tp
"ttrc
answer, in the terms of Article 6 0f thc iv{ancl,rtc, tlr;rt
rights and position of other sections of the pollul.rticrr arc not
prejudiced" by the facilitation of "Jewish immigration"'
cheaper articles

There seems no reason why a'I'cxtilc irltlttstry ott lltc grlrtttl st'rrlr'
lixcrl lry
shoulcl be a success in l'alestitrc, witlt llrlrrrttr lxrirl irt lltc rltlcs
o[.l;rlrltrr
the General Federation of Jewish [,ltliottt, rvlrik'lltt: tttills
anrl of Bombay, eqrripper'l witlr 1hr, lttosl, tttotlt't'lt ttt:tt'ltiltt'r\";ttttl t'ttt
phying the chcapest oI lallour, ure unitblc to llrrrl srr[lilit'rtt lllrlll.('l:{

ior their gOocls. Iir6m thc lloinl 1[ vicw,f tfiprit'tt'ltrrs'';trrlt'ttl tlcsilt'

it is to intport Jcws fronr l'olltutl ancl lttrssiir lttrrl tlrt' \'t'trrt'tt itllrr
itttlrirlesliuc irr lirrgc nrrurllcrs, lrrtl lvlurse olrjtrct is grtirrtrl tvlrlrr llrt'
lhltl
lt'tttprrt'ltt'y
srt[iicilrll
nriglrrrt lrirs ltt'rivt'tl itt l'ltlcslitlt', il ttt:lt'lrl

- ro4-

*ro5-

mployment is assured. But the Government is responsible not only

for the present, while the imported capital is supporting the new
popuiation, but for the future, when spending of the imported capital
will be at an end and the immigrant will have to live on employment,

tion schedules is detailed by Sir John

Simpson on pages 122_r25
but not without showing by specific
instances ,,the failure of the
system"

which will then be dependent on the success of the mill in competition

As to the irnporrance of the Generar

Federation of Jewish
Labour Sir John Simpson tells us
on page tz6 of his report
that "this powerfur federation is in realit
y fat more than e
Federation of Labour in the ordinary
sense.,,

rvith the rnills of the world.

Mandatory unable to satisfy Articles 2, 4, 6,

and Il, of Mandate by a successful law for,
and actlral control of, Jewish immigration.
2'12, For thc very important question of immigration the
wlrole of .Chapter X is devoted. In his opinion the tgzo
Imrnigration Ordinance was not found to be a success. Revised
conditions were irnposed in rg2r, These too were found "by
cxperience" to be "not altogether satisfactofy." In September,
rgz4, new orders were issued. In the yeat rg25, a new
orrlinancc was cnactcd which was amended in r928.
IJut in addition to authorized immigration of which a
rccord could be kept the country was allowed to be open to
"unrccorded immigration". LJnder this head Sir John Simpson
(orr page r zo of his report) speaks of "a large number of
pcrsons amonnting to some thousands each yeat" who "secute
atJnrission to thc country in the guise,of travellers."
In cnvisaging the question of immigration into Palestine
is
il rrcccssary lo rcmcmber that the "Labour Schedule" (under
whiclr thc Iligh (lommissioner for Palestine issued, even in the
rnirlst nnrl thc hcat of thc present Arab rising, the 45oo ImrrrigrrLi<llt Ccrtificatcs), represents only one category ,'C,,working mcn and w6msn-in distinction from and over and
abovc sorne ninc othcr various categories.
'l'hc influc,ce exercised by the General Federation
of Jewish
l.rh.ur in thc sclcction of immigrants coming under the Labour
Sclrc<lulc is a tlccicling factor.

'l'lrc lrr,,cerlurc o[ tllc prcparation of thc l.abour imnrigra-

and its j,weakness.,,

a

.trewish Communal Setflements.

243' Bur the quality of Jewish immigrants

is an important
factor at least equar to, if not more
decisive than, trreir quantity.

The Arabs of palestine are averse to

communism. But in Sir
Simpson's opinion :
'
The General Federation of
Jewish Labour has adopted a policy
which implies the introduction iirto parestine
of a ,ew sociJ lro.r,
based on communal settlements
ara tt e principle of self_labour.
Where self-labour is- impossible, it
insists on the employment of
Jevrish labour exclusively, ny ait
Jewish employers. lt hns becn
sufficiently powerfur to-impose the
ioricy on the Zionist organrsaron,

to the.extent that, as it points oui

i,

ifr" memorandum

from which
quotation has been given above,
46 of the Zionist coronies are based
on the principtre of communal settlement.
This princifi; ;;r;rr_
demned both by the Experts in their
report arld by the Joint pnr.sthre
survey commissio,, but that fact has hacr
sma,, effect either on thc
r'abour Federation itserf or on the Zionist
organisation, io,l .orr,,n*t

Iabour'colonies are still being constructed.

244.

Before drawing up his final conclusion as ro

rhc position
of the Jewish Agency to whom recognition has been
given Uy
Article 4 of the Palestine Mandare, sir John
simpsorr

th.
following quotation from sir John Canrpbeil's "Report[irne
on the

Jewish Settlemenrs',

Eflective practicar coutrol has in a l.rgc ,lc*slr.a

lrrrss.rr .rrt
thc hanas of trre paresti,e lixccut.iv. irrt.
rrr. hnnrrs of o ptiliticur
.rganisation. 'J'he J,ab.ur lJr.rrer.ti., Iurs,
i, prrrcrice,
siluirri,,. I"rru, rhc iniri.r sek r.ri,ri ,f rrrc irnririgrrrrrtn, c.,ntrolrc,l the
trrin trrrorr,{h

.f

_106_

*ro7"-

finance and technical departments to the choice of the men to tre

settled, the place where they are to be settled, the resources to be
placed at their disposal, the plan to be followed in establishing them,
the apportionment of funds as between different clasies of settlers, the
Labour Federation has governed the situation. fn other words, the
body which is technically and ostensibly responsible for the work has
not in practicd effectively controlled that work; power has been, more.
or less completely divorced from responsibility.

Iiult,her: evidence that Jewish Agency is not

"an appropritrte trrody''.

245-. No mattel how moderutely and courteously Sir John

Simpson frames his opinion, his verdict against the Jewish
Agency of the Palestine Mandate should supply a ground for
this mandate to be withdrawn. The Jewish nationatr horne
policy is irself an experiment of questionable value, if not of
dangerous possibilities.

The soft verdict runs as follows

The General Federation of Jewish Labour continues to carry out"

at the expense of the generosity of World Jewry a social and economic
experiment. of great interest, but of questionable value. The Jewish
Agency either approves of this experime.t or is irnpotent to suppress

it.

Mandate and Balfour Deciaration:

impracticable.

246. It is very essential to observe that the streams of

Jewish imrnigration into Palestine do not have their sources in
the countries which were responsible for the Jewish national
home policy, which having been originally embnced in England
was subsequently adopted in France, Italy, Japan, and the
United States of America.
It was the Government of these countries, then known as
thc Allicrl Powcrs wlro, aftcr thc Arrnisticc, profcsserl to mould
tltc l,rtc ol tlrc worlrl.

It should be very surprising to the Governmc,rs

o[
countries

rtrrrr,

to ascertain that in this Jewish nationar

honrc rx,e
ment their own part and role is
'i
nil or next to nir. 'r'rrcy wrrr
and still arcbehind the screen.
To their nationars--r.r wrrrrr
alone these countries could have
spoken-1fiis Jcwisrr .,rrirn,rt
home policy has not appeared'.
The pcrccnt.rgc or rrrrgrirrr,
Ftench, Italian, Japanese, and American
Jcws ilr I).rlr.rtirrr. tr
entirely insignifi cant.
Germany, poland, Russia, ancl
Rounrani,r,,rrt tllr. r orrrrl r.rr.,r
from which the streams of Jcwislr rr,rliorr,rl
lr,,r11q. 1,,,1lrlr.rrr lLrw
into Palestine.

Let us go back [o (hc rcslirr,,ry ,r ,rrr

r;rrgr*rrrrr,llr rvrrr]rr,
reportinthe year rg30 wils 1. lrc.rrv,rirt,rr
r,v rrr.,rrrrtrrirr (,rr,r,r,
ment before they could prolt().lrcc.r
rlt,lrrrrtt. ,,St,rl.rrrr,rrl ,l
Policy" in Palestine.
IJnder the heading ;,,-[.lrc s.rrr.t.t,s
.l irrrrrrrgr,rlrrrrr,, Sit
John Hope Simpson makcs llrc l,olkru,infl
ril,tt(.ntr,nt
Of the Jewish immigralts, ov(,r
7rl l)(,t,((,nl rrllnr, lt,rrr llrlrrrrrl,
Russia, and Roumania. Of rett,nt
-",r.,.r,,,,,,.,, lr;r,, trl,,,r lrrr.rr rt lrrrpr,
influx of Yemenite Jews.

247' Let us take the trutll fr.rrr trrr, .rcw*lr

Ay,,rr, y rrrrrr rr
stated in their memoranduln (() Sir .lolrrr
Slltllrion
With reference to poland it is sitirl :
i

This sit,ation was aggravlr.rerr

rr.y lrrr,

r'lr.r rrr;rr rlrr,rr.,,irrrrrrlrrrrr,

ously arose amongst the I\rlcs lht.r,sr.lvr.*

lr lrt.\.r,rrr.trl
field of activity which u,lrs px,r,iorlih,
r.orrlr.ollr,rl l,r

l,

r,rrlr,r llrrrl

llrr. lr.rr , ,l,lrl,,

economic penetratirur u':rs ;rt.,,,rrrl,lr'rrir,,l
l,), ;t rr;rli,,,rl r.r,,rrt,ll
struggle, in which Sltrlt, trrrrl
lrcol rlr, uor l,r,rl lr,lir,llrlr ll r,llr l llrr.
Jews frorn their [rlrnrcr t,r.onorrrir. posiliorr,;, rrr;rl,rrr1,
r rr;1.,i1l1,1rrlrll rr.,r,
of the co-operativc nlov(fnl(,ltt [or. llris
l)ll.l)r,r,r, \ll llrr,,,r, lrtr lot,r
c.mbincd to llriag rri, rr,.rr Irr'.ft,u,s.r' r'rrr;rrrrr,
rr.rrrrr,r rrrlq i,,,,,,t,.i,,,
liorr on;t ltrr.gc sr.;rlc irrrpt.t.:rlivr.. ll
i:.r p;rr.lirrrlrrrll,lor llrr..1,.*',.,1,

y.ttllt.l l',1;rrrrl, rvlri.lr ;rs1ri'r.s l.;i,.\.r.r. lr> rrrlrrr.u;rl

l;rlrrrrr :rrrrl
rltrt'tivc,rrrsrril:1, llr;rl l,;rlr..;lirrt,:rll'.r.rls llrt,r.,r,rr,rrli;rl
r;.l,li,rr.

1rr,r

_rog_
.fn regard to Russia :
The Jewish religion arso has been singred out for malicious and
savage persecutio,. Thus for the Jews of Russia the appalling
economic conditions to which they have been recluced, and the political
and religious persecution to rvhich they are continuously exposed,
make emigration the only possible alternative to economic extinction
on the one hand and racial and moral degeneration on the other.
As to Roumania:

With the post-war annexations by Roumania of Bessarabia,

Bukovina, and Transylvania, the Jewish population rose from 96o,ooo
souls, whose economic condition is aggravated by the fact that a considerable proportion of them-those of Bessarabia-have been cut off
'{rom their former economic hinterland in Russia. Political depression
.and periodical anti-Semitic excesses are further factors in the Palestine
movement among the Jews of this country, where Zionism has been
strong since the loundation of the first Jewish Colonies in Patrestine and
the inception of modern Zionism.

248.

By the Zionist, Palestine is regarded as the haven of refuge for

the distressed Jew, and the National Home is being peopled to a
grreat extent for the time being, b'y those who escape from countries
where distress is most pronounced.

249, This statement certainly' applies with rcgard to

Cermany which in consequence of the Nazi policy introduced
in the last part of the year r g)3, became a great source of Jewish
immigration.
The intervention on the part of the League of Nations in
of Great Britain in particular, coupled
with the world Jewry challenge to Germay, had little or no
effect towards the suspension or cessation of the causes of Jewish
.ernigration from this country.
general and on the part

250. It is, therefore safe to state that the Great Powers

rcspor,sible for the Palestine Mandate with its Jewish national
honrc policy havc failccl and still fail in their duty to'ffards the
Jcws so tong rs 1'rcrsccrrtion of .Icws as Jews has.been allowed

-ro9-and is allowed to be perpetrated

in European countrics i, ,rr'.r
to supply recruits for 'reconstituting their
nationar rro,.rc irr
Palestine' on the grounds of the
international ,recognilirn, lry
these Powers, in the preamble
to the palestine Mandatc, of ,,r1,
historical connection of the Jewish people
with p;rlcsrinc.,,

i,

Falestine, a,d to make recommendations

as to the steps ,ecess,ry
to avoid a recurrence.,,

PART IX

It
The MandatorA's rg3o Statement of Policg is in
e$ence and eoen in text identical with his tgzz Statement published before the Manddte came into f otce,
'fhe tgSo Statement howeuer, contains the Man'
tlatorg's ou)n assefiion that the two conflicting
obligations arc not irreconcilable if willing co'operution is secured, But the tg1o Statement also contains plain admissions, and other euidence, leading to

the conclusion thst the two obligations are not

ormulated as of equal weight; and if so interpreted

or asserled to be, theg are reallg imptacticable and
irreconcilable, and, theref ore, impossible of f ulfi.lment.
The Mqndate has to be rettohed, abandoned, ot
radicallu modified to be practicable.
f

Ft-,2uQ{-eAar'=c
Outbreaks in Arab Mandateil Areas
causes and results.

linrited by the terms of reference.

They were instituted as a result of the r9z9 disturbances
in Palestine. The warrant of appointment restricted the com$ctancc of the Commission in the following terms :
inrlrrirc irrto llrc inrrrrerlialc carrscs which led to the ret:ent outbreak

into

Disobedience and to rittre short of a Civi[war

or a
Revolution that the present study is being made.
In the language of pubric Internationar Law to which
rcalm the Covenant of the League of Nations
belongs, a rising
for political or national rights in a corony o. u ,nrrd
ated ter-

ritory is styled to be an outbreak of disorder, riots

or

turbances' No object, however,

cric-

can bc scrvccl by any discueciorr

or controversy over a technicality of nomenclature.

It should be sufficient to observe that it was aftcr a rieing
in lraq, that the Anglo-IraqianTreaty of the r oth
of October,
r922, was substituted to the,,final draft of rg2r"
of the British
Mandate for haq.

And it is again a receltoutbreak i, Syria trrat

is now ,oped
to be followed by a treaty between France and syria
on lines
similar to those of the receflt Anglo-Iraqian
Treaty wrrereby
the mandate is terminated and, tr:e Arab state
ad,rittcd

League

261. The inquiries held by the Parliamentary Commission

('l'bc Shaw Commission), were conducted 'within a scope

"lo

civil

recurrence has not been avoided.

is in the midst of an outbreak which has
deveroped

of Nations.

to

the

Protests on paper, demonstrations in tlre

streets, general
stoppage for a day or a week, have
once and again friled to
impress upon a Mandatory the wishes
of the fopuration in
Arab territories.

Mandatory for palestine r.elluscs t,o lle

nrovcrl
from path Iaid down in mantlate,

252. In the case of palestine, howcver,

t'c Ma,ndatory har

once and again stated, affirmed, an<l

assertecl that he refusce to
be ''moved by any prcssLrre .r lllrcars
fronr thc path laid down
in the Mandatc.,,

_ II3 _

-rT2*
On page 862 of the Gazette Extraordinary issued by the
Government of Palestine on the z4th of October, rg3o, the
British Government's Statement of Policy in Palestine gives the
following assertion :
of disorder in the past have been promptly repressed and
to deal with any future emergencies' It
must be clearly understood that incitement to disorder or disaffectlon, in
Outbreaks

special measures have been taken

whatever quarter they may originate, will be severely punished and the pow-ers
of the Administratioi will, so far as may be necessary, be enlarged to enable
it to deal thc morc effectivcly with any such dangerous and unwarrantable
attemPts.

Palestine Arabs do not defY

Great Britain"

25'3. Of this Palestine Arabs'never doubted. Nor have

they ever professed to desire or to be able to force the hands of
Great Britain, tlre Great Power with whom they threw their
lot in tlre World War to eject and oust even their own corcligionists, with no object other, or more, or less, than the
"recognition" and "support" "by Great Britain of Arab independence in Arab countries."

Mandatory,s assertions on gth June, lg30

before Mandates Commission.

255. Far from seeming to indurge in a politicar

From all these statements tlvo asscrtionri clrcrgc,

wlticlt slroukl lx.t,ru
:

phasised

1) that the obligations laid down by the Mandatc in

the two sections of the populati"n ar. oi equai weight; rcgtrr.l to
Z) that the.two obligations imposed on thc Mandatory

no sense irreconcilable,

Rritish Forces in Palestine, great

and increasing.

254. Reverting to the said Statement, we note that to thE

two battalions of infantry retairted in Palestine two squadrons
of aircraft and four sections of armoured cars were to be
rcndcrccl available as a further guarantee of security in this little
counl ry.

otltet bat'
, During the present outbreak, however, several
talio\s of infantry and a variety of other forces in addition to an
,gg.rldis.d Police Force have so far been invoked into active
opcration.

'I'he present outbreak will one way or the other come to

an cnd. But who can guarantee this poor country against a
rccurr('ncc, involving further losses in life and prop{irty.

arc irr

The Mandates Commissiou has :.ro o'jccl.ion t, r.isc

L Ilrr,r.r. Ilv,
in its view, accurately expiess what it.oiu,.ir.*'iu

assertions, which,
essence

'

controvcrsy

of a local character, the object of this study is an effort to throw

light on tlte international aspects of the situation in palestine.
Let us therefore recur to the British Government's Sratcment of Policy as contained in the above-cited numbr
of the
official Gazette. In paragraph g, the British Government
confirmed the following pronouncement ascribed to the pcrmanent Mandates commission by way of comme,t
on trrc
statements of the British covernme,t's Accrcditccr
Rcprcscnt.r
tive of the 9th of June, rg jo:

of the Mandate for palestine and cnsu.c its futurc.

i,.'ir,"

Mlnaates Commission bound by Terms of Mnndate.

256, The Palestine Arabs do rearize thar thc pcrnrancnr
Mandates Commission has no power to altcr trlc tcrrns of
the
Palestine Mandate, no matter how impossibre of furfirnrent
trre
obligations laid down in the Mandate may be.
Council of League only approved Mandatory,s
own assertions.

257, But according to the said Sratemcnt of policy

rris Majesty's Govcrnmcnt a'r: iulry in **:,rtr witrr rrrc rcnsc.I

rrrrs
I)ronouncemcnt and it is, sourcc of sirtisf,t:ti.rr l'rlrt,nr rrr^r rt. rrn,r
rr*.rr
rc,dered aurhoritativc by thc approvar ,f trrc
cu,,,,.ir ui"ii,,."1,,.,,*,,i,',rr

Nations.

Mrtndrrl,ory's I'ighl lntl dul,.r. vis i"yl;..1 l,(fll!lu(,

ttrrd inh.bil,'nls ,f ,n ,,A', mnnd*tetl t,orrltory.

*r14-

258. The Falestine Arabs

also rcarize that in observance of

the practise of the League of Nations, in generar, and follorving
the precedents of the Mandatory systena, in particulat, it is the
right and dury of the Mandatory himself to come forward to
the council with a desire for the substitution of a fteaty with
the people of an "A" Mandated territory for a mandate which
is not compatible with the wishes, rights and interests of the
population.

Mandatory's assertions of June lg30 only

confirrned Mandates Commission's observation of November, 1924, to the effect
that the two obligations are "conflicting";
Arabs argue they are "irreconcilable."

259. Ovcr cightecn ycars have elapsed since the British

Covcrnnrcnt's Policy of a Jewish National Horne in Palestine
was recogrlized with its "obligations" of "equal weight" in

rcgard to "two sections of the population" with the only result

tlrat."thc obligations" are stated by the Mandatory and affirmed
by thc (louncil of the Leagle to be "in no sense irreconcilable."

260. The

Palestine Arabs remark that

it

was the Mandatory

hinrsclf who sought such obligations to be imposed upon hirn.

I'hc tlifllculty is not ar all removed by an authoritative pro,rounccnlct'tt llrat tlrc two obligations "ate itt no sense irrecon.gilablc." T'his mcans norhing more rhan saying that the two
obligations "Arc of equal weight." The two assertions are
thcrcfore "only one" amounting to nothing but a confirtnation
of the remark made by the Permanent Mandates Commission,
in tl:c November Session of tgz4, when the first Annual Report
on thc Palestine Mandate was considered, to the effect that,
nrrlilc other mandates falling under Article zz of the Covenant
of thc Lcaguc of Nations, thc mandate for Palestine involved
"conrplcxity" irrrtl "a conflict of intercsts."

II5

261, The Palesrine Arabs pread that trte two obligations are
:not reconcilable. v/ith the Permanent Mandates Commission
,the Palbstine Arabs assert that the parestine Mandate
is ,,complex" and, notwithstanding the ..dual duty,, therein laid down,
the "conflict of interests" is such that the obligations leading in
'one direction and those leadi,g in another can never be
recon-

.ciled.

They were never reconciled before the year tgzz when

the British statement of poiicy was declared. They have not
.been capable of reconciliation before the month of
August
tg2g. otherwise the outbreak of that year would not have

.been recorded.

They have not been capable of reconciliation as a resurt

of the measures and remedies expostulated in the state,rent of
Policy of r93o. otherwise the present recurrence would have

been avoided.

262. It

is, theref orc, crear that apart from being i, its origin
and from its very beginning a brcach of the fourth paragraph
of Article zz of the Covenant of the League of Nations, the
Palestine Mandate which was nor legaily in force until
the zgth
of Septembt, r923, was as early as the month of November,
r924, considered by the permanent Mandates Commission of
the League of Nations to be "comprex" and invorving "conflict
of interests" , artd therforc embodying obligations-certainly of
equal weight as any obligations in any engagemeng musl
!gbut, as will be seen, "irreconcilable.,,

British Government's Statement of pollcy of

1930 : new edition of lg22 Stntonront mudo
before Mandate wns tn forec.
26i1. As a conclusivc

cvidence

of the detcrminite

reructance

I 16

-rr7-

tf

the British Government in the case of this Arab

teritory of Palestine to observ e tfle practice and provisions of
the Covenant of the Leagae of Nations, attention is invited to
the fact that the essential parts of the r93o Statement of Policy,
being the first eight patagraphs thereof, are nothing but a confirmation and a reproduction to the letter, of ceftain tlttee
paragraphs occuring on pages r 8 and r 9 of the \tr/hite Paper,
r922, and of ,n,^.icies z, 6, g. r3, r5, 4, ar.d r r of the Palestine
Mandatc.

on the part

264. Thus on the basic and fundamental issues of the Palestine Mandate (the meaning of the Jewish national home, the
principles rnhich should govern immigratiofl, and the position
of the Jewish Agency) the rg3o Statement of Policy merely
reiterates verbatim the tgzz Statement and quotes the abovecited articles of the Mandate; as if the Parliamentary Commission Report and Sir John Simpson's Report contained no
facts that shoutrd have impelled the British Government to deparc
from, or at least modify, a policy announced in June, tgz2,
before the Mandate came into force, or as if the intention merely
were to confirrn. that policy after so many years of actual enforcement of the Jewish National Home provisions of the Mandate.
And lest it be supposed that the foregoing inferences and
conclusions in regard to the first 8 paragraphs of the rg3o
Statement of Policy are biassed or in any way unjustified, it
should be sufricient to quote the whole of the gth paragraph of
the rg3o Statement which runs as follows :
-.

Th-e preceding paragraphs contain an exposition

of the general principles

which have to be taken into account as governing policy in

limiting conditions under which it must be carried out. The practical
palestine and the

problems with which His Majesty's Government are faced in palestine must
now be considered in detail.
These may be regarded as faliing roughly under three heads :

(1) Security,
(2) Constitution;rl tlcvclolrnrcnt,
(.i ) I,l orrorrric ttrrrl Sor ill rlcvr'loprnt'nt
'l'lrtl rvill lrt rlc;rll rvillr irr llr;rl orrlr.r.

fssues of Policy--just as ever. I'rtlclltttl

Problems governed by thosc issttex,

265, From this paragraph itself thc Palcstittt' At.tlr toll

cludes and pleads that as regards ( I ) Security (:) ( lottslilttliott,tl
Government (f ) Economic ancl Social I)cvel6lrtttt'trl, lltt'11 tn
no such thing as policy to bc stalccl. 'l'lrt'sr'isslllrr, rtt rvltitlt
"pt,trltr,tl
alone theArabs of Palcstilc arc t.nclrtioncrl, .trc sl ylr'rl
problems" to be "governed arrd linritcd" [y tlrc p,lity rvlrtrlt
consists of certain three all conclrtsivc issttcs vt'ry rrriltlly ll yllrl
(a) themeaningof theJewislr rr,rtiott,tl ltotttr', (lr) llrr' l)llllr lplr'l
WhiCh should govcrn irtlni1il.tti,,l1, ,,tt,l (, ) llrr'1r,,'rllloll ,,1 lltl
Jewish Agency.
In perusing tlrc l91o Sl,tlt'rttt'rll, tlrr' l',tlltlrtrr' /\t,tlr llttrlr
himself just where he was rtlclct llrc t 11 .r.r Sl.tlr'tttrttl Nutvltll'

266, We will now

proccccl

,'l

to tllc ['tttlltcl' p,tr,rgr,rplt'r

lltr'

Statement under thcir rcspcctivr lrt',ttls.

(a) Security :

(Xlitt'itgt'itph l(l ol' l'ltllll Hlttlt'lttlttl

As regards Security, ttl wlrie ll lltt' wlt,,l.' ol p,tt,r11t,tplt t'r

is devoted the Palcstittc Ar.tlrs' l(':il)olls(' iri vcl y rrttttlrll
They do not only sttpply tlrt'r'itlirrrl llr,tl lt,lt',' l,tllr'rt ,ttlrl
are now falling ott tltc ltlrttls ol lltl irtt tr',t't,'rl lr,tll,tll'rllt 'rl
infantry, additional sclultl t'ot1s ol .rirr r,rlt, .1trl .r,lrltlr,,1,tl ,,,,,
tions of armoured cars. 'l'lrcy lt.tv,'lo trrrrltilrttlt',11 \\'r'll l,
rvards the costs of maintcnancc.f tltt'st'irrtlllt'lllt'lllr,,rl ,t ,lr'r*trll
national home in Palcstirrc. l;trt' r;tte lt i:, llrc vr'ttlt, I rtt lltr'
second paragraph

of Articlc r7 ,,1 llrt' [\l.rrtrl,rlr'.

The Palestinc Ar;rbs tl.tittt .trt ,tpplir.lltott lu lltr'tt lllltl,rty

of the fourth paragraplt 6l Artitlt' .r.' ,rl llrr' ( 1\'r'll,tltl ,'l tllo
Lcague of Nations. l'llc viutirtrs llrr'y' ';11Irly rrt lrlllrll,lrlr. ,l
tlris claim atc a pcltalty; tllc ttrsl rrl' llrt' lottt':i, r,lrll .rrt,rlln't
pcnalty. 'I'his clairn, r iglrtltrl ,urtl lt'lirtittt,tlr' .t'r il ttt,ty l',', t,r
rcglrtlctl .rs.trt olicrtct'. 'lltt'tlr,rr;t i:ictttt'rtl tttttsl lollotr',

-;- rrg

Constitutional Development
11-13

of

*II9_

proposed Legislative council, and

continued to act in consultation with an
Advisory Council as before.

(paragraphs
1930 Statement).

267, As rcgards constitutional development (being the

st'concl of thc practical problems subjected to the "governing
policy" and to its "limiting" conditions) this constitutes the
bulk of paragraphs rr, rz, and r3 of the r93o Staternent.
'l'lrc tl:ree paragraphs will now be quoted
in extenso as an
obvious proof that the r93o statement, folrowing trte rgzg.
outbrcak, was nothing but a determinate confi.rmation of the
tgzz statement for the simple reason that the British Government would not choose to recede from the Jewish National
I Iornc policy which was the impediment by them placed
in
Ncrvcmber, tgr7, in the way of the r9r5 pledges, affirmed in.
rgr6 ancl rcafllrmcd in r9r8, on the pretext that the territory
of P,rlcstinc falls "'wcst" ancr "not South" of the districts of'
"l)ilttlAscus," "I{olns," "Hama" and "Aleppo,,; no matter
ho\t

obviously false such pretext may

r,

be.

Ilcfcrcncc hns .rrcady bce, made to the demands

of ,A.rab leaders for
t:rnstitutio'. wrrich worrld be incompatible wiih a-h. ;;il;;.y
,lrllg.ihns ,f Ilis Mrrjestv's Goverrrment. -it ir, rro*"".i
in. .""riiii.a
,lrlrrirur of IIis Miticstyts Govcrnment that trie time Ir",
inrp,rrrur[ qucstiori of-the estabiish,B;;';f ;;.asure "#."*.'#ir.i"in"
of serf-government
^iri.# in
l'rrlt:stirro
.must, i' thc intcrests of ihe co*munity as a *ir"ri, il"
r"
1

f.r'rrr

,f

hrrrrrl rvillrout

furtlror rJclay.
lx: corrvcnic,t, in-the firsi i,stance, to give a brief resum6
of the,
hlrlrrll' ,,1 rhis <[r.sri.rr si.cc the estabrishmcrrtir tni civii ;d"ririJrrti;r:'
Irr otr.lx'r rer0 rrrcr'c-w^s sct up in palcstinc an Advisory
council comrrorrrl ln.(,(ilrtl plrrts o[ oflit:iirl unrl nonrinirtccl unofficial ,n,i*n.r.,---oi *a
I.rr rrrr.lli.irrl rrrer,bc.s, four wcrc Mrslcms, three were crr.iriiu"r1"Jinr."

Ir

rtrrr.

.f

rrrr.v

crvs,

llr. lril

$01,1.,.1r.., 7922, tlte palestirie Orcler

fi;

with membership conforming-t" tfr"i pirpo..J"f*

tt. Legislative Councii,

and, secondly, bv a prooosaffor the fJrmlt-.iorioiun
a.rt Aeency. It was
intended that this AEen* rftorta fru". iuo.tio"rl,
ir.logor. to those entrusted
to ttre Jewish Agenc-y by Articte t"i ;il;"p;;tile'lraraut".
Neither of these opportunities.- was accepted and,
accordingly, in
December, t223, an Adviiory Council *;; .;i-;;";"nsisting
onty of official
members. This position stili continues; tfr.-o"flr'.frurge
being that the .A,d_
visorv councir has becn en-rarged tv tir. *aJiiiin'
of more official memtrrcrs
as tlie Administration developed.
rt'rvill be recalled that, under the terms of Articre z
His
Ma-iesty's Government are, responsible for placiuf-th" or the Mandate,'.;;h
.ornt.y-und;;
political, administrative and economic .""aiti"ri
,?
wil sccure trre estabrishr-nent of the Jewish Nationar Home and
th" J."etop-rnt
institutions, and for safeguarding th; .iuii;;.i'r.iisior. o[ self-governing
habitants. The action take.n witliregrral""."ii.iitr,ti;nal ,ig.t. oi"ir,""'in]
dei:ei;;;..,i'i,, tir.
early years of the cir"il Administraiio, i, n.i"iiy'a*cribed
above.

with the

object of enabring- the peopre of pa,restine to obtain practical

experience of administrative methods and'the tusrneu=
of government and to
Iearn discrimination in the selection
tfr"i, ..pi*entati,.es, I,"iJ plrr"*,
-"f
who
rtrigh commissioner for palestine r.ori rszs t" rqzs, i"t."J"..i
-was
a wider measure of rocar serf-government than had previousry

the British

"bi"i""J;;;;;

rdgime.

Sir John chancerror con-sidered the question of constitutio,al

deveropment
on his assumption of the office of ffigt 'Commissiorre, i.,
ne.._f;r,
i;;il-ii;
consulted representatives of variouslocat interests and,

;";;frl ;;of the position, put Iorwara .;;,;i;--proposals in" J;;;;-is;;,

.rrp.naia in .orr.qr.nl.'"i-th.
disturbances in August, 1929.
1.2. gi, _Majesty,s Government have now carefully consiclered this
question
in the light of the
.present stage of progress and development
and with spec-ia1 regard to-thcir
obtigatiorito pfuie Ite countr.y ,.i;i;;;h
poiitical, administrative and economii conditions ,s
wlll .e.r.e'tk-;;il;;:
-rr-r*
after

amination

Discussion of. the question'was, howev..,

ment

of

institutions. They have decided

trrat the ti-.

"self-governing
turther step in- the direction of the grant to the people of
-to:."
ot a measure of self_government compatible with the terms Lf the
Mandate.
fl11r^"_:l
ralesrlne,

Majesty\ Government accordingly intend to set up a f,egislative

the lines indicated in the statement of liritish p"olicy in
Palestine issued by Mr. Churchill in
June, 1922-

{i:

r-o_rtncrl
generaily on
^-.

in

.()rr
was issued.
:r.lli,g
up n (.iovcrrr.rcut in palesti,e under the Foreign
L;. i;;;
.l ,l'llr. or<lcr in council directed the establishment of Juris;iction
a Leglslatl".-Cor*il
I. lxr .,nrlostxl of trrc Higrr commissioneL as president, *itrr
7."
Council

witli thrt proccdtrrc.

f*ilcrl
.wing
to thc rcftrsltl of tlrc Ar.*b population as a
.'l'lr.,rr.nrpt

., His Majesty's-Government trust that on this occasion they will secure

the co-operation of all sectior.rs of thc population of palestin.. iri. nr":.#,
Government desire to moke it quite crear'that *rriiu irr.y *"rru a*piy'..si.i
an attempt on the part of any scction of the popuration to prevcnt tirem
trom
giving effect to their decision, alr possible stepi will bo takcn t"-.i.."*"."i
such an attempt, if made, since thcy co'sider ii in thc intcrcsts
*r. p"pi]r:
tion of th-c country as a whorc trrat trre furtrrcr stcp now proposcd"i
shourd
no longer bc dcfcrrcd.

'l'lr. lllglr

Majcsty's Govcrnment lvourrl point

-bct'n I{is
scl, ttp ut tlrc timc wlrcn it rvtrs l'rrrrt

r,r'rrrlx'rs,.n<l l2 crcctcd non-offlcial mcmbcrs. The proccdure tor "trr..-o"fr.i"r

trre setectio.,
oI llrt, rron-ol]icial mcnrbcrs was laid rlown in the l,egislative Councit. - Oia.,
lrr (',rrrr.il, 1o22, *,d in Fcbruury nnd Mlrcrr toz3:,,., attcmpt rn.
*na. to
lrohl
r,lr,r,liorrs irr irr.corrllncc

Two further opoortunities were given to representative

Arab leaders in
co--operate
-to bv the *itr, irr"-eair*"il#irrtii the government
--C"rr.il;
of the
country, first,
reconstitution of a ,"-ir"t.a earli,".v
Palestine

u,lroh,

ll

ro o1x:ltle,

('onrrrrissitrncr tlrcrctrlr.n srrspt,nrltxl tlrc cstublislrnrcrrt

of

thc

out trrlt h.d this

i.orrtcnrpltrtt.rl t6c pc6plc

Lcgisrature

"i

l;r,fi:*ii,i.

-T2I-

I2O-

workins of constitutional
would by rlow have gained more experience of the .r.onttis in constitutional
any
for
inairfi*olf"
rn;rchinery. Sucl, erpe.i"ile-i.

a desire to
rn. *oo,.t"iti";;ilil;i 6t-popuiufiot'-thow
resoect' the sooner will it
r4reralc with His Majestvt'i""t'**t ln ihis
to take place as His Majesty's
co-

tlcvclopmeut.

lx. rrossiblc for such .orrtit*io'r"J-a.u.i"p*.rt

iiovcrnmcnt hopc to

sce

in Palestine'

aU sections of the popula'l'lrcrc arc obvious advantages to be gained by

be of special benefit
should
L"i"ri'
ti,rrr f'.tn tl,c cstablishmJriil'ffi;h;
-Ii
do not at present possess any
if'L
of
i'p'ilu."',.who
section
Arab
thc
to
io''pitiii! it''i' i'i'*' -*^on:"-1Xl
,,l,,'iit"tilr
if T:
3l$" ffi
t
"r

*.u*

Irr:forc thc Govcrnmetrt'

Thcir rcprcsentatrves

";"#f f

to present the views of the

st'l u1> will, o[ <'ottrsc, l" i;';il xi-ii'"-'"t,"nlv
matters' but also to parother
and
Lf"t"
l'"
Attth sctliott ,,t rt'* 1'4'ui'ttit't
mav accrue to the
:tdvantaee
i"ithcr
tiripulc irt tlistttssi,trs iiil;l-;"'"'i
Council' viz''
Legislative'
rltc
(r,urltv tt* :t wltolc r-'\r'ir"'t't'uli;i;";;"i.oI scctions of tlre communttv
of both
ii,],i""1.'i,,,','.iilii,; 'i'"F';;;;ll;;'
to improve the relations
:ri nr.r,bcrs of thc l,cgitla"t'iu; i;;;ti *ili tl'a

i,"twc,,n the Jews and the Arabs'

the lines
new I'egis'lative Council will be on of the
f.i. As statcd above, the
consisr
wi,
rt
p;ii.t-is]sued.
1922.
in
;i
i^rricarea in thc statcml;i
whom ten will be of&cial members
Ilistr commission., u,li^iz;-;;;;, of
oi the Council will norm-ally
i"*ut"
:rrrtl l2 ttnoihci^l -t-bitt"'" #fii;i
vrew
ciections' It is' however' in the the
hc clcctccl bv primary ;;i t;;a'oI
repetition
thc
r,I Ilis Mitjcsty't Gn"i'nit-"t'-sti important to"avoid
rl,,rrll,x

Yl'J.'*fl::l'it
k *l'i.1, u"""I'li"lil'itii ii"li'ilp'unofficial

of
;,i,1;;t;;;t.;,i .r thc rctlirisitc trutnbcr tlirir,s
to.be
tlrr.r'v.nt ttf ,ttc or *li'iil;l"l;;

n HXI:tl1;
of the

elected on account

or for any other

reason'

tt,rtt trt'ttpct;tti.rn ur "ny'"*ttii"""ii"ti't ngnulation'

to nive the necessary pover to ensure
'l'hc IIigh (j.-,nrnrissionei
out its obligations to the Leag'ue
rlrtt rlrc Manrtatory ,h"il
required' as well as the marn-

*iiit*t'i'""
il:;;;il;;;*v
i.clutling #ft;i:i;ii;-"tg*irv

r,f Nirli,trs,
Itttitttctl of tlrdcr.

liconomicandSocialDevelopment:(Paragraphs
14-28of1930Statement).Acknowledgmentsof
ImpracticabilitY of Mandate'
(Economic and
2liti, As to thc third practical problem
Statement discusses in paragraphs
Soci.rl l)cvclopnrcnt) thc I93o
questions of Land' Agricuttural
t 4. rB irrclusivc tlre three
DevcloPmcnt, and Immigration'
these para'
2(i9. 'fo the Palestine Arabs' the contents of
of such vitally imgr;rphs are, on the whole' acknowledgments
in the Parliamentary Cominr,^n, facts as have been embodied Rcport which prove in a
nrissiort Ilcport and in the Simpson
cmbodied in the Mandate'
dccisivt rrralnrlcr tbat tlrc obligations
Commission irr their
as r0rll,lrkt',t t,y tnc Pcrmanc;t Mantlatcs

"complexity" and a
of November' t g24' rrl\olved a
such obligations in every
"conflict of interestsi'*f itf' rendered

session

..ifreconcilable" and stamped the Mandate as "impractictt" fourth patagra?fi) of Article

able" andnot oniy a b'"^,jnof
of Nations'
22 af the Covenant of the League
therefore' one Ol o-Lu',.ttUtt
These acknowledgment are'
this
Government' as set out in
from the mouth of thJ British
their eyes'
Statement, and put before

snse

Practiealproblemsstyleil..Land,,governedby
Jewish National Home Policy'
of the I93o Statement
270. Paragraphs r5-2o (inclusive)
"Land" :
profess to deai with the sub-head

r. rl .,,,
-'-lrcscnt
27

jl';

j'"H,l.g-+ Xi\
L,',',lj,T"f 1#'l:#J,T:: I with the exception
fi;'*'
AlSl^.:ll:lll'Tl,
i..i,,"i**rni""t.,
"l settlement Py n:*.
in reserve'
Irui^tt. Ior agricultural
various Jcwish a[encies hold
o:,

I : y.
methods.

of such

'natuttopti'Tuft;;"ilt

il
z7z..3h::l'1'=,H:t'il:f
iil,,H"#.'1.:l'Jl;:il.!:"Trf i?ii:r"':-!:jifi
small extent ot )ta

,,.,i'rt',,.'n'{:'H."i',Ti";#ff:*ilfli'l;-Ir'L1:'X.:Ui'i+illi
ie
-t-itnt-o.f
of lat
in

Possession
Tcwish settlem*'' ""tfrt

unoccupiti'"tt*'

Covernment'land

"i which arc' in fact'

too'iattitjt-"eas
iresiisiblern" Cou-t"*t'ii-trui*'
E*l
tt\"T,;'lf T:
..iuii.a una'urtiJu'i#'il ;';b"' -

y:[]ti'*ffi

i"-"|':ffi
ffi:+ilii{+"ffi
-",
actual occupatlon
""u';T:
progress

-Arab
lrlt"ti*tit**n::l"it*"*#"*"fi
cultivators who are now
the

*iliit, lo pu..

abre additionar i"Ira

settlement .epenr,s upo'

provision of a nrargi.r available'.for
p'oauttititv""iii"-i'nd alreatly occupicd'

the

t'at

i''t

inl"J'i"s*ii"

.,l,l,l:il"^i'.'"T1i;

"u;,clunams. Tl..i. ;;;

i[8li
'i"ff,Xq1:i':illi'i,iJll'1:'i;ilTiitli::iiJH
.."".ia.i^urv
bccn tslimtttt.d,

i,

r".. rr,"o,.I,r*,a-i.lir",t"

previous"*''"ill'*'"t:;';;ilil'r'"*i[i'r'o"-r"i"'rurlolollnrilliott
u'n'ilt;r.o

ix rerlui'crt to

rlun*mr
tlut whilc.an arcu of at lcrrst t30
,r...nt..t,r{:ii,,liJl,.ixi,,ll;,i,}ll1l]lfJ,:llill,i,{l
ii, *
rnri'tain
'rf"'lvi"it, f.r^fiil;ii;
rltc t:rrltivitblc ]tn'd' in tltc
ttrc existlng Ar.b
appcars

"i

In

"l',llli,.r:i-'"Jf'lll:rr':iilx:i;ff'''""-iii"n
":':ii;ii.,i';;orri
'e0'rrrrnains
cttllivrttorr'
for rrll Ar[b
l'';;ii;;;trrtlt'r lo 1''"'i't'l'll""t-l'''l'*(|'r1(;'ri"{"1lirrrrl
rcrlulrctl'
lrc
woultl

llt

*lljl

:rlrottl L"ittit"t"iit""lus'ri'ttrltivrrl'1"

274. - . Thc-co,dition of the Arab ferlah leaves much to be desired, and a poricy
of land development is called for if an improvement in his conditiorr oi lit.
is to bc efJected.
The sole agc.cics which have pursued a consistent policy of land develophavc bcc. thc Jewish colo,isation organisationi, public and private.
Thc Jcwish scttlcrs have had every advantage that capital, science and
olg[Dislti.n could givc them. To these and the energy of ihe sett]ers themst.lvt's t Irr:ir rcm.rkablc p.ogress is due. On the other hand, the Arab.
lrr4rulati.rr, rvhile lacking the advantages enjoyed by the Jewish setilers,
hts, b-v lhc cxccss of births over dcaths, increased with great rapidity, rvhile
Lho lanrl avaiLLblc for its sustenance has decreased by about a miliion dunu*r"
'l'his ;trc:r hls prrsscrl into Jcwish hands,

mc,t

12

j-

Palestine Arabs to observe this clear admission by thc British

Government of violation, by their own Administration, known
as the Government of Palestine (in which the Palestinc Arabs
have no say whatever) of Article 6 of their own Mandxtcviolation which having continued throughout the rz years pre'
ceding the rg3o Statement has been continucd evcr sincc and
will be continued for evermore unless and until thc Mandatc is

revoked, withdrawn,

Sorilr. oI llt{, jtllr.t)ll)ls rvlrir lr lr:rv0 lrecn nt:rdc to prove that Zionist
r,Lrrri.rrlirrr lr;r', rrol lurrl llrt,r.llt'cl, ol cirtrsing tho prcvious tenants of land
lrr rlrrilr.rl lo joirr llrt' l;rrrrlless cllrss huvc on oxamination provccl to be unconvirrr irrg, il rrol ftllltcious.

ot

radically

amended.

27fi.

M,rt'.r,i,r', tlrc clfcct of Jcv,,ish colonisation on the existi,g population is very

inlirrr:rlcll'rrlicctcd by thc conditions on which the various ye'.visn bodies hold,
rrlilisc antl lt'rrsc thcir larrrl. It is provided by the Constitution of the Enlarged
Jt:wislr Agcncy, signcrl:Lt Zurich on the 14th August, 1922, (Article 3 (d) ind
(c), thrrt thc hnrl ircrluircd shall bc held as the,,inalienable property of the
Jcwish pcolrle," lrn<l thlt in "all thc works or undertakings carried out or
frrrlhcrctl lry tlr. Agcrrcv, il shrrll bc rlt:emed to bc a mattcr of principle that
Jlwish llrlrrrrr slrrrll lrt't'rrrpl,vt'r1." Nlorcovcr, bv Articlc 23 of the dralt lease,.
rllrillr il i. lrrul)r)fir.(l lo (,xccutc in r.cspect of all holdings granted by the
Jr,rvi:,lr lirrtrrl, llrr, lt,:;st.c utrdcrtal<cs to execute all works connected with th*
trrllivrrliorr of tlrc holtlings only with Jewish labour. Stringent conditions are
itrrposr,rl Io cnsuro thc obscrvance of this undertaking.

An undcrtakinf binding scttlcrs in the Colonies of the Maritime plain to

hirc Jcwish rvorlimcn orrly, whcnever they may be obliged to hire help, i*
lnrorlcrl in lhr-. Aqrt:cmcnt for thc repayment of advances made by- the
Prrlt:rl irrc llorrrrrhr ion liunr[. Sirnilar provision is contained in the Agreement
for llrc Ilnurl< Colonics.
1l'lrcsc stringcnt provisions are difficult to reconcile $,ith the declaration at
tlrr: Zionist Congrcss of 1921 of "the desire of the Jewish people to live with
tlrc Arlb lx.oplc in rcllrtions of friendship and mutual respect, and, together,
rvillr llrc Ar:rlr pcoplc, to dcvclop the homeland common to both into a
l)toirl)rrolti lorrrrrrrrni{y which would ensure the growth of the peoples.
'l'lrr. Jr'rvislr ltrrlcrs lr:rvc lrt:cn ltcrfcctly frank in their justifrcation of
lri,r lrolilr
wltir'lt t'rt'tt

'l'lrt. l,lrr,r'rrlivr. of l hr: (lencral Ilcderation o{ Jewish Labour,

tr vcry intportlrrt inlllence on the direction of Zionist pOlicy,

lr;ri torrlt'rrrlerl tlr:tt srrch rcstrictions irrc necessary to secure the largest possible
lull()lu)l o[ Jovish imrnignttion and to safcguard the standard of jife of the
Jtrvislr lubourer from tho clungcl of falling to the lower standard of the Arab.
llorvcvcr l,rgical such arguments miry be from the point oI view of a
irrt's

ptrrr.l,v nrrti()nul rnovcment, it must, nevertheless, be pointed out that

llu'_v trrltc no accourlt o[ the provisions of Article 6 of thc Mandate, which

(.xl)r'r.sslv rcrluilcs th:rt,

in facilituting Jcwish immigration and close settlcment

lrv llrr'.Jt'rvs on thc ltutl, tlrc Admiuisturtion of Palcstinc must cnsurc that
"llrc lilllrl'r:rrtrl positiotr o[ tlrc other scctions oI thc populirtion trc not prc-

jrtrlir lrl.

271i, lt is not a nra(t('r o[ intcrcst but onc o[ p;rin for the

Other practical problems styled "Agricultural

Developrnent" : also govelncd by .lcwish
National Homc policy.

277, (Jnder the head of "Agricultural Dcvclopnrcrrl"

(occu-

pying paragraphs zr-25) the following are tlre confcssions of the

British Government which fully support another brcach of
Article 6 and other articles of the Mandate.
As indicated in the immediatcly prcccding plnrgnrlrh, it is tlrc rlrrly of
the Administration under the Mandate to cnsurc thnt llrc;xrsilkrrr of ltur
"other sections of the population" is not prejudiccd by Jcwish irnntigrrrllon.
AIso, it is its duty under the Mandate to encouragc closo scttlt.nrcrrt o[ tlrr:
Jews on the land, subject always to thc formcr conditiorr.
As result of recent investigations, IIis Majcsty's (lovcrnmctrt nrt: snlislrcrl
that, in order to attain these objccts, t morc mcthorlicrLl itgricultrrrrrl rk.vclopment is called for lvith the object of cnsuring a bcttcr usc of thc lrrnrl.

278.

'

Only by the adoption of such a policy will :uklitiorr:rl Jcwislr rrgritrrllrrltl

settlement be possible consistently with thc contlitiorrs l:Litl rLrwn in Arliclc 6
of the Mandate. The resuit desired will not be obtaincd cxccpt. by ycurs of
work, It is for this reason fortunate that the Jcwish orgluris:rtiorrs arc in
possession of a large reserve of land not yct settlcd or rlcvclolrt.rl. 'I'hcil
operations can continue without brcak, whilc trrorc gcncrirl stcps of rlevchlr-

279.

ment, in the beneflts of which ]cws und Arabs clrn lrolh shllt', trr: being
worked out. During this pcriod, lrowcvcr, tlrc control of :rll rlislxrsilion ol
Iand must of neccssary rcst with thc aulhoril.y irr ch:rrgt: o[ tlrc rlcvt,loprncrrl.

Transfersollandwillbcpcnnillcdonlyinso[:rrnsllrcyrlonol ittlctflrcwillt
the plans of that authority. Ilrtving rt'grrrrl to llr(' r('11)r)nrrilrilil[',r ol tlrr.
Mandatory powcr, it is clcur thirt this irtttltolily nrurll l)('lltt'l'llt'rrlittc
Administration.

Among thc;rlolrlems whir:h rvill hirvc lo lx'r'otr'irlct'r'rl rrrt llrour'ol

irrigation, thc co-orr]iruLtiorr of tlt'vrloprttr,nt willr llrt'rrrlivili,"r of llrc l)t'prrtl
mcnt oI Agricultrrrc irnd otlrcr (iovllnnrcnt l)cpirrlttrt:ttls, rrrtrl lltc rlt'lct'tttirr:rtiorr of llrr,ir lt's1x'r'livt: splrclls oI rtcliott so:ts lo trvttirl Irir'lion rttttl ttvcrl:r14rirrg:rrrrl to olrllritt llrc lilr';tlt'sl t'[licicrrcy itt trt ottlittltletl t'f[rrll.

280.

281.

(lrrr,irlrrrrliorr rrluril ir|,o lrr'liilcrr lo llrr'lrtollrlir)n oI l('tritttllt lry

ttonto

r24-

fornr of occupancy right, or by other means, to secure them against ejectment

or thc imposition of excessive rental.

282.

Closely associatcd

-_

movement, a*d at the last Zionis congress morc than a quartcr.[ thc
deregates represented such zionist circtcs, botri in I'lresr.irrt:
and abroad, as are identified rvith the Federation. The influcncc wtrictr ilrr.

totai number of

with any development must be the acceleration of the

terur ncies.

'l'ht: l'rrranccs of l)alcstiue havc bcen severely strained by the necessity of

provirling for I:rrgc incrcases in its sccurity forces, These increases have b6en
rlr,r,rrrr:rl t:sst:ntiiLl in the light of the events of the autumn of 1929, and it is
rrol. possiblc to forccast the time that must elapse before it will be thought
s;rfc to rcrlucc cxpcnditurc on this account.
on thc success of the policy now envisaged,
o[ lhr.irrr;rlovt:trrcnt in nrutual relations between Arabs and
Jr,wr rvltilh I li:r l\ll jr.sly's (llvcrnnrcnt hopc rvill bc one of its results.
ll is lrlrrt oI thc gcncrtl 1:olicy of His Majesty's Government that
I'rrk,stinc slroukl bc sclf-supporting. The improvement of agricultural conrlilions contcn'rplatcd will not only take time, but will involve considerable
r,r;x'rtrliturc, though it is to be hoped that part of the outlay will prove to be
rccovcrrrblc. IIis Majcsty's Government are giving earnest consideration to
llu: llnarrciiLl yrosition whiclr arises out of this situation, and steps are being
l;rhcn to concert thc nccessary measurcs to give effect to their policy.
tnrr:.rl l;rrgt:lv tlcyl'rr<l

:rtrrl orr llrc crlr,nl

Still other "practical

problems" styled
"|mnrigurtion" :rlso governed by Jewish
National Home policy.

mcans less impressive and indicative of tlte

violation of thc fourth paragraph of Article zz (Covenant of
thc I-c.rguc of Nations) and Article 6 of the Palestine Mandate,
arc the follor,ving confessions rnade by the British Government
in thcir rglo Staternent. The following quotations are made
fr<rnr Paragrapbs 26-29 of the rg3o Statement.

285. By no

'l'his t'rirnrirr:rliorr hts rcvcrrlcrl certain weaknesses in the existing system.

llrirl rrrrrlcr il. tht'rr htrvc bccn many cases of persons being
rrrlrrrlllcrl, u'lro, if lrll tlrt: f:rcls lr;rrl lrtrn linorvn, should not have received
vl:irr. No cfit.r'livc (.hvcrnntcrrt controI cxists in regard to the selection of
irrrrrrigr:rrrls lrorrr ulrrcurl, w,ith the result that there are no adequate safeguards
:rglrirrsl irri[ul:rrilics in conncction with the issue of immigration certificates,
:rrrrl rrlso :rg:rinst tirc imrnigration of undesirabies. A further unsatisfactory
[t,;rlrrrt: is thirt tr llrrgc nunrb:r of travel]ers who entrr Palestine with permission
Ir) r'(.nr;lul for rr limitcrl tintc, stay on without sanction. It is calculated that
llrc nrrnrlrrr of suclr cases during thc last three years amounted to 7,800.
;\rrollrcr scrious fcaturc is thc numbcr of pcrsons who evade the frontier

2t{6.

Jl

Federation is able to exert upon immigrants is shown by the luci th,t'its

,ot permitted to have recourse to the courts of thc cou,iry irr
cases of dispute with another member. It has its own courts of rri,.st irnrl
Second Instance and its Labour High court, to which appc.ls i.un, it.,. ,ulrordinate Tribunals lie. The redcratio' has arloptcd o poti.y rvhich inrpiics
the introduction in Palestinc of a ucw soci:rl ordci'birserl on cirmnrun,,l,rcltlt'.
ments and the principle of "sclf ]abour" (i.e., that cach man shoukl wor.k frr
himself and avoid the employment of hircd labourers). whcrc sclf-lirlrour
is impossible it insists o, the empioyment of Jewish labour exclusivcly by
all Jewish ernployers.
rn viev; of its responsibilities undcr thc Nfandatc, it is csscntirrl thirt lhc
Palestine Government, as the agent of the Ma,datory powcr, shoultl l,: thc
deciding authority in all matters of policy rcllling lri inrnrillrrrtiorr, rs;xrcillly
having regard to its closc rclation to uncnrplovrrrcrrl. irnrl lnnrI rltivtlir;rrrurrrl.
policy, No adequatc improvt:mcnt irr cxisling rrr;rchitrcry r.irrr lrc rh,vlrlrt
unless a modus vivendi is cstrtblishc<l bttwcr.n tlrc (lovr,r.irnrt,trl on lhc orrc
hand and the Jewish Agcncy o, thc or.hcr, in rcgartl t. tllrir rls;lu'llvr.frrrr.
tions, and full account must bc takcn of thc inliucncc t:xcrtcrl ln ilrc lrollcy 6f
the Agency by the General Federation of Jcwish I,irbour.,
Article 6 of the Mandate directs that lhe rights antl position of r.hc ol.hcr
sertions of the population shall not be prejudiccd by jewish immigrntion.
Clearly, if immigration of Jews results in preventing thc Aiab populatirin from
obtaining the work necessary for its maintcnancc, or if Jewish uncmployment
members are

283.

'l'llrl

.-

1 zio'tist

work of scttlemcnt by the ascertainment of title and the registration of

284,

r25

lrrrr lrlr.rr:.lrorvrr

lont lol.

2t17, lrr;rnl lrllt,rr;rl lo rL,visr.:rrL.rlurlt,(lovcrnnrt'nt mlclriircry for thc control

rrl ltrrttril,ilrrliorr,;rlcounl rnrrsl lrr.l;rlit,rr of llrc irnportrrnl lxrrt at prtscrrt ltlayed
ll ronrrrliotr rtillr.lt'tvi:lr inrntigt;rlion lrv lhc (lctrcr:rl lir:tlcrittion of Jcwish
l,rrlr,rrrr' 'l'lrr, irrllut'rrr'r' ,)f lh(. (ior,r:tl llrrk.nrliort i* f:rr-rclrchirrg anrl'its
.trlrvilir.,. rrrc rrurrrilolrl. lt torl,lilrrlcs irrr ittrporlirtrl [irctor willrirr thu Worltt

'

unfavoulably affects the gencral labour position, it is thc cluty rif tho
Mandatory Power under the Mandatc to rcduce, or, if neccssary, to rtrspcnrl,
such irnmigration until the unemploycd portion oI thc "otlrcr sc.tlons"'ls lri
a position to obtain work.

Summary of the 1930 Statement.

288. To recapitulate : we flnd that thc Britislr

Covernment,

in their r93o Statement, state :

(i) that the inte(ests and aims of the two sections are diverse
and conflicting (Para. z) ;
(ii)

that in the peculiar circumsrances of Palesrine no policy,

however enlightened or howevcr vigorously prosccutcd, can
hope for success, unless it is supporte(l not ntcrcly by tlrc
acceptance, but by the willing co-opcration of thc comnrunities for wlrose bcnefit it is designcd, (Para, z) ;

(iii)

thar on the cstablishmcnt o[ bcttcr rclations bctween

Arabs and Jcws clcpcntl the futurc and prospcrity o[ the
country which is tlcrr to botlr raccs (Pilra. 2) ;

-r27-

-126-

(iv)

that this object is more likely to be attained if both

sides will willingly co-operate with the British Government
and with the Palestine Administration and endeavour to
rcalize that the Mandatory may be trusted to safeguard and
promote the interests of both races (Para. z) ;

(v)

that a double undertaking is involved to the Jewish

people on the one hand and to the non-Jewish population
,of Palestine on the other (Para, 3) ;

(vi)

that both Arabs and Jews have assailed the British

Government with demands and reproaches involving policies
debarred by the explicit terms of the Mandate (Para, q) ;

that the administration of Palestine in accordance

with the terms of the Mandate is an international obligation
from which there can be no question of receding (Para. a);
(viii) that the application of the rgzz Statement of policy
lras inevitably brought to light certain administrative defects
and certain economic problems and that nevertheless such
policy of tgzz provides the foundations upon which the
future British policy in Palestine must be built up (Paru. +) ;

,(vii)

and

(ix)

that :-J is only the closest co-operation between the

g,ovcrnmcnt and the leaders of the Arab and Jewish comnrunitics that can prevcnt Palestine from drifting into a situation which would imperil, on the one hand, the devoted
work of those who have sought to build up the Jewish
National Home, and, on the other, the interests of the majority of the population who at present possess few resources of
thcir own with which to sustain the struggle for existence.
What is required is that both races should consent to live
togclhcr and to respect each other's needs and claims.
(Para. z9).

Deadlock and Appeal for a willing co-operation.

289. The whole case, therefore, settles down to

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

a complexity

of interesrs;

an international obligation, being the mandate;

demands and reproaches by both Jews and Arabc

which are debarued by the Mandate;

(iv)

administrati"ve defects and economic problems reeulting from an application of the tgzz Sratement of policy
(itself traceable to the Mandate) upon which the l93o Statcment of Policy is founded and from which there can be no
question of receding; and

(v)

a deadlock from which the only salvation liee in a

willing co-operarion by both Jews and Arabs with the Man.
datory in order not to imperil the construction of the Jewich
national home and not to annihilate the Arab population
whose position in their own country is one of a "struggle for

existence".

290. To this pious appeal for willing- co-opcration

'present

further oatbreak,

is, so

the

far, fortunately or unfortunately,

a response.

For this lamentable and precarious situation into which

the Holy Land of the Three Faiths has been steered under the
"new conception" and "novel political experimcnt', of a,,Man'date", Great
Britain and her Allies who sought the cletachment
of Arab territories from the Turkish Empire arc ccrtrinly
responsible.

291. If

frequency of outbreaks of clisordcr b0 i synonym of

misgovernment, it is certainly not British Arlrrrirristration, pure
and sirnplc, thrt would havc allowccr itself to bc [rlcr:rishcd by
sncl: frcquency. Sonre strangc clcntclrt u.trrst bc at play.

-r28A Feat of AutocracY'

a Man2g2. The British Government's respoflsibility-as

to,be "national" but merely
datory fot Palestint^it "tt proving
.,international," "subject to supe(v61o11," but without "sancit is not' or' if it be' then
tion" ; and as .r.h,-;iu'ponsibiiity"

no bounds; afl "arttocta'

only one of an "auto "ucj" that knows
and with immunity' to-deny
cy,, that in June, ,ii", ventured,
and-as i1 rvsls-11anstirat West is Wes and South is South'
of Haifa' Jaffa and
planted the Medite rtarteal. coastal towns
Tripoli' (and why?)
Gaza,to the place of Sidon' Beirut' and
those southern
to be able to say that the territory comprising
just West of Darnascus' Homs' and
seaports feli up north'north
to supress a solernn pledge of
Hama, in the inland, (and why?)
proclamation of November' r9r8'
the year r9r5 and a solemn
zo ar.d zz'
(and why?) to embrucu' ii the teeth of Articles
of the League of Nations'
ii.ourrt Paragraph) of the Covenant
thc contrary pledge of November' r9r7'
Commission
Were it not an ',alJtocfacy,, , theParlianrentary
of tgzg would have been one of a ftee scope'
it not an "avtocracy"' theReport of that ParliamettWere

atyCommissionwhichwithinitsrestrictedtermsofreference
"transposition of South to
could not help poihtinS out to the
Wcnt"shouldhaveavailedtocauseavindicationofthehonour
great nation stands' Theancl common'sensc for which this
in October' r93o'
Report was presented to Parliament
"struggle for
29:1. In their precarious condition of a mere
during the World War were
existence," the Palestine Arabs who
troops at liberation
vitally and fatally engaged with the British
not now be expected to comand detachment from Turkey' can
public opinion' with
petc and match, in the field of caqvassing
back as the yeat r9r4'
ihe suu.,.l millions of Jews who as far
and America'
by cccret cfTorts with the Statesmen of Europc

r29

contrived and succeeded to cause such a "f.eat of atttocracy" to

be achieved.

Still

one more Commission.

Zg4. Last night-anal we are today on the roth of June'

r936-tr-ondon broadcasi that Mr. Ormsby Core, the new Sec,uu^ry of State for the Ccionies announced in the House of
commons the decision for a "Royal Commission of Inquiry,"
Its compositicn and terms of reference were still to be awaited.
Yesterday's 0ltrciatr Communiqud in Palestine
r936) statcd :

(No' ror/

The Iollowing arrests havc ixetr made sincc April 19, on charges arising out
nt tt. p.e".iit disturbaucc-:, cxcluding those made for offences under thc
'Curfew Regulaticns :

l,3l3Arabshaveheenerrested,ofrryhom?54haveilecuconvicted'229

acquitted, and 333 are awaiting triatr'

17
182 Jervs have been arrested, of u'hom 104 have been convicted'
trial'
avraiting
61
are
acquitted and
tsritish Troops in Palestine have been reinforced by the lst .Battalion
the 2nd
The York urra i,u".uut"i Regiment, rvhich arrived yesterday; and
Euttullo" The Cheshire Regiment, which arrived today'"

295, The outbreak is not

over.

to keep aloof from

tile Royal Commission except, perhaps, for a respectful tribute
of homage. They rnay choose to appear before it. with such
296. The Palestine Arabs may

choose

eventualities this study is not concerned'

This study is merely

a hurried

but honestly motived effort

to expose facts and merits.

with all relevanr facts and merits the British Government
are, undoubtedly, fully acquainted, and one rnight say, even
much more "fully acquainted" than the Palestine Arabs them'
selves.

297. An ultimatc objcct of this compilation is merely to

show that thc Palestine Arabs, too, are aware of the facts and

- r3orcalities of their fate under the British Mandate, as

it now stands,
earnest desire, entirely compatible with the
relevant principles of International Law and with the relative
International pacts and instruments, for their relations with
Great Britain to form the subject matt.., of a fresh international
instrument to replace an invalid and impracticable one.

to justify their

W. F. Boustany.
Haifa, .Iune 25, 1986.

PART

The inuqliditg, complexitg, and impracticabilitg

of
the present Mandate qre all traceable to
the inuatictitg, complexitg, and impracticabilitg of the Balfour
Declaration poltcg. This policA -was
occepted bg
the British Gouernment after Greu Britain,s
honori,
had been ptedged in fquour of the palestine
Arabs

,trnd before Palestine

was occupied.

Its dangers to the Jeuts were dulg represented

to the
British Gouernment bg British Jetus before
it was
.declared. Its danEers to Jews,
Arabs, and ro the
British policg, tuere adequatelg realized
in rgrg, and,
africiallg emphasized. in r9zo, before the
Mandate
wqs drafted.

6-^^,v"3*4- p
298. The following further extracts and adaptations
Mr. J. M. N. Jeffries, book .,The palestine Deception,,from
are

now made in support of the belief enterrained

by ttre palestine
Arabs that with the Balfour Declaration policy
as the background, basis, and crown of British position
and policy in
Palestine, there can be no peace in this
small, Urt iirportrnt
<ountry, and that political Zionism is the constant
-.nuce ond
danger to such peace.
The extracts are taken from three cllapters
entitled ,,Forc_
ing Political Zionism on palestine", "contradictory pre<rges.
-I3I-

r32

'_

Misleading the Arabs" , and "zionist Dictators. An trntolerable

Situation". These impressive headings are fully borne out by
thc detailed conrenrs of the chapters themseives which are being
rcprocluccrl, almost in fu1l, in the Arabic version of this com;rilatiorr' A4r. Jeffries is now hoped to be bringing out an upt.'date edition of his book to which the English reader is
refcrrcd. The hcadings are mine.

Irolitical Zionism and British Cabinet

in

191,1- 1916.

2l)9. I,

rg14 I)r. weizmann and other Zionist leaders were introducetl

to NIr. Lloyd George.
I\rlitical Zionis,r made the acquaintance oi the British Governnrcnt in r9r4, ancl by r9r6 was billetted upon it.
('Ity the autumn
of r9r6 Zionism was accepted,,. By October,
r9r(r, the zionist organization felt justilied in putting a formal stateruent of its vicws as to the future government of palestine in the event
of ils t:onring under the control of England and France.

Recognition of a .Iewish ldationality

claimed in 1916.

ll(X). ll'hc "Octol;er,

1916 Scliyme,, held that

Jev;ish Chartered

(irrn;rany shoulcl be established'for the resettlement of palestine by

.fcwish settlers. The dernand for a Jewish nation was there too. (,fnirstttut:h as t.lre Jewish population in Palestine forms a community with
rr rlisl irrt:l rurliruralily ancl religion, it shall be officially recognized by
llu' srrzcnrin (lovcrnnrcnt or Govemments as a seperate national unit
or Ititliorurlily".

'l'lrc Ziorrist Rcllort goes on to say that this October (1916)

l)r'ognrnlnle "I"rlreshaclows in its main outlines the scheme ernbodied
in thu rlrtft rrandate for Palestine some four years latbr,,.
Tn Ilebruary, r9r7, Sir Mark Sykes attended ,,in his private
r:tgrrrcity":r rneeting of political Zionists helcl at the house of one of
lhcir nurtrllcr in I,onclon. He was told that there must be no intertrtl iorrrrlis;rlion of I)lrlestirre because thc Zionists tlesired a British
lrrolrtlolirlc with full rights to tlre Jcws to dovclop as a nation.

r.l3

Balfour Declaration forneula (in lgl7).

381. A nurnber of promin ent Zionists, including Messrs.
sacher and Jabotinsky formed a political committee who r,r,itrr
other ieaders "nov,'began r,vork on the Balfour Declaration".
"Many differcnt versions of the suggested formula rvere
drafted" by various members of the political Committec. Drafts
s,ent back and forth to the Foreign Office.
The covernment ctid ,ot lvant to commit trremservcs t.
more than a generul statement of principlc.
Finally a "co,cise and general formula u,,.rs agrcccl upo,,,.
This was made known ro, and approved by, prcsiclent Wils,.,
Sir Mark Sykes, and Bar.on Eclmond dc Ilothsclrild.
on July r8rh (rgril Lord Rotrrschild forryardccr rrrc
Balfour Deciaration to Mr. Balfour.
Jewish Opposition to .Iewish National Homc

(in t91Z).

302' A.nmber of British

je'r's, nren oI l)r.():trir](,r)t't,, s.r.rt r. urr,

cabinet ('representatior:s antagr-r,istic trr Zi.rri:rr,". ,r'rre clraIrwlrs
modified. ?tie hey phrase establishing paresiirr rrs l rrt ,,'r'rr.
Nrt{ irxr,rr
Home of the Jer,vish peopic" rrarr beeir chln{,.ri lo,,rr Nrrriorlrr
rr.rrrt:
for the Jewish people,'.
But Mr. l,eonard cohcn, Ilr. craucle Il.rrr.crr,r.c, lr.rl sir r,hililr
l\llagnus, even now, accc,rding to the Ziouist ri..p.r{, r.aiserl
objcc(irrrr:.,

ttin particular to tire viortl ,National,.,,

Despite their aclvice, iu cleferrnce to thc prritir:rrr zirrrrisr rrrr.
,
British Government actiralll. rctained thc rv.rrl .,rrrr.ri3rr;rl'. irrrrl u,illr

it

the genrr of a Jewish natiorrillitl'.

Ilall'our l)ecltral ion

zr

303.

lDolic.r.

danplclous sccLet.

'I'he1, 111n11t' sotuc otlrur rrtrxlillr'rrlions: llrr,rr tlrcir.itlr16r.lrl i,rr irr

carrying on (hc wiu'rurrl lht: frrcl. rlrlrI llrerc lvits rlivisiorr r,I olrirrion irr
thc clbinc{ ilst,ll' orr tlrt, rrlrllcr rk,llr,erl Prrlllir.lrliorr.

r34*

*r35-

Through

the Zionist influence president w,son was brought

to
send a "perso,ar rnessage to trre British Government
intimating his
agreernent with the idea of a pro-Zionist
announcement,,.
The very fact that the Balfour Declaration
was nol proclaimed in
Falestine till rgzo is a sufficient proof of its
character.

their arrival.

The Zionist report says that within a corrl"lle

of 1r.1l1x,f lltp
deieat of the Turks the attitude of practically
the cnlire rrrlrrrlrrlxl r,lhrtr
was considered by every
Jew ancr Arab in the
opposed to both the spirit

Zionist Commission to palestine

tin

The whore of parestine *,as not capturerl

lirr six ,rr)rrrrrr,rnr

(the Ba.rfour Declaration's) ,,1irst practicar outcome

the Zionist Commission,, whose terms of reference were
:

was

"to

represcnt the Zionist organization i, parestinc

and act as an ad'isory
bor'i1' to the rritish aut\oritiei there in au mattr'.s
rer,+.ing to Jc*,s
:rayr efiect tr.re estarrrishn'rent of a Nationar Home for
"i*iri.l
th; Je;visrr p..pi.-rn
-- '
accordxl6g ';rrith the Declaration of His Majesty,s GovernmJirt;,.

llt was intended that this body sho,ld contain representatives

of
political Zionism from alr countries. B,t the Russians
courd not
get arvay because of conditions in that country, and
the American
Go'ernnrent, rvith a touch of humour, restrained American political
Zionists from joini,g the commission on the gror-rnd that
the ljnited
states lvere not ar. war r,;ith Turkey. The French Government appointed a representative, and the ltalian tvro, who r,r,ent
Iater to
Palestine.

'I'o the courmission as poritical officer was attached l,{r.

w.

ormsl-ry-Gore', a mernber of the present Government. FIe

has always
been consiclerecl a great asset and advocate of Zionism, and certainly

hus plearled its cause rvith

But a phrase may be caiiccl from
rr slx.r,clr hirs l:rs to irrake'igour.
in June, r9ig, ,,The Zioni:t mo.r,ement,,
h. u;1", Ir) sir-\', "is rr,r r.ert'ly a p.riticar move but a spiriLuar force,,.

l)r. \\'r:izrrrr,, \\'irs received in audie,ce by the King before the

tlrltirrtcrl. It arrivecl in Palestine on April 4th, rgrg.

Contnrissit.rn

ilalfour Declalation policy proving Unacceptable

$06' rt

19t7.

was Noverrrrer, r9rri, irrrrl .r,r,r..yn,r11,1,1,

wrrr,rr, rrtt,r il rv,r.,.
lesser peoples tinrlcr (,n(,1)t.y rrrlr,
llrr,,\llir,:i rl.,r.r,rr:rxilr,lrrg llrIttt ill llrillt,
lsttpport in a fonlal i;rshiolr. ,l,ltl Ar.;tlrrr lorrIl
rrrrl lrr, lr,fl lrtl, ,l,ltn
Army aulhorities rvt'r'r'rlt,rt'r'rrriilt,rr rrrr,t,rrrrorrrrr
rrilr rrr.rr,rr utr, rrtrr
so vgith tireir intercst in Norl h $y1i;1,
wr,r,r, llrr, l,,rr,rrr lr,

The foilot,'ing

Arlglo-llrt'trch lrl.r'lrrrrrlrli.ll

-joirrt
througrhout Syria rvith
frrll for.rrrrrlily

sy11x

,rtlrllrltorl

The end that llr;rnr.r: rrrtrl (lr.r.;rl lllil;rirr

lr,rvl irr 1,r1r,,r1lrr1, l1 llrr,llrrul llrr,
b1'(it'rrrr;r,,:rnrrrili,rr i. tr,,,,,,,,,j,r,.t,.,rrr
rrrlrrrrr,r*,rr,rr,r rrtr,
pconlrs so J.:rg opDrr.s*r.rl lx.llrr.,l.rrrli,r.,,,,,i,f,,.r..,lrrlrll
trrrr.rrl ,rl *(ll,r,,l
Governments arcr Arrnrirr.isri,iti,,,,r,r,,,li,,i,+r
li,"i, ,,rrttr,,r.r\ rrrrr rrrr,rrlr,rrrt,rr
and free choicc oI the i!r(lirr.rrous
rr,r,,ii,,,i,,,,.,.
rn-ar rtnrorscrr

Itt order io gi"'c clfc.t l,

I lrr".r' irrlr.rrli,rr", l,'r,rrr, r.

rrrrl I lrr.rrl lltll,rltt
to cl('orn'irg(,;utrl;rr.i,rl tlr,."rt,rt,lirlrrrr,,rrl 1l lrrrll,,r,111n
lllvtll
ments and Acrrninisr r;rriorrs irr svlirr rrrrr
r\rr,,rnporrrrrrr, lrq,rtllrr rly Itrr

have agreed

Allies,andi..hctcrril.,rit.,,wl,r",ifif,,.i,,ii,,,,'ii,,,,
as sooll as

they:rrc cifcr.livr,l.y r,sllrblislrr,rl

Far from wishirrg t,. itIrPr:r, ;u)1,
l)ilt,lir.lLu

r,r[,rrrrll.rrr.1r1l11llqp111

.r llrr, l*l,tlrt
lrv llrr.lr .,lrlrlrrl rrrrl
ti*l il,,r.,.,.,,,rrr.rrr,, u,rrrr rr rrrl' rrr ril
have freely given thcrrst.lvcs.
,,*r,,i.,.'i,,i,.,,:ti,rl nlrl lrllrl lrrrllrr, lut rll,
.'l,o
to facilitate tlre rccrnorrrir.rlr.r,t.lrrplrrt.rrl ,,t it,",,,,r,,t,v
lr\, lrotttrllru rlrl r.rl
couraging locai i;ritilrti*.,,t. f,sli'r.r1rr. s;rrr,irrr ,,t
.rlrr, rrrr,rrr', ,,,-1,,,i ii,,',ii,,r' ,,,
the divisions too rrrng cxlrr.ir.rr t,,"t'rnt,iri'
1r,li,, ,,rrrrr rr rrrr, r,rr,*.rrrrrr rrrr,
trvo Allicd Govenrrrrrrrls r,llrirrr irr llrl lilrr,rirrlr.rl
lr.rrlllrll
tions.of these regioris, thcir orly ,u,.,i'i,

ctficacious assistance thc nornrar u,orrrirrx ,,t

lrrrll11111,,;,u

r,,",,.,,,rrrr,

Sir Louis llols on .lt,r,umrtern lllolr ol, l!)llll

Inrllossillle to ;rlelsc ;tirr.l.isrrnn nho ol,l,lr,htlly
claim "Natirn*r I{rnre" rrur rn r.(,.ilry rvlil rro
satisficcl rvil.h nothing lrss l,hnrr rr,,.lr,n,lxlr

il(ll-1. l)r.

of

Declarzrt,ion

and Dangerous.
\\'ciznraurr stayecl ,o,ith I,or"d Allenby. 'I'he c.mmission
"Iull.f ir*rrr. rI the r:xigcncics .I the mili{ar.y situati,n, agrcerl that
Itir liun in llrt, r'orrntr-t, ntight hirnrlit:ir1r ollt,ratior)s, an<l that. a full
rlisP!irv r,i llrr,(iovr,r'rrnrr,rrl's lrro-Ziorrist lttilrrrlc hirrl bt,llt:r lrt,posl,; roi rlr l t ill ;r Il ct l lrc v ir l rr.\,".

r)r,r.rrrr,rrrrrrr,

Anglo-French proclamat,ion (in l!)ltty ptnlnll,

eonfirming Ih:itish precrges ,f r)il-r_ rt)ilr
rrr
Arabs and impliedly irbrog&ting
l}rlforn.

15i18).

30'1. "Its"

r.rrrrrrry rrs nrrrhrrrgry

a,ciletter of rh. *irrfrrrr.

Stll.e" :rntl rrll lhrrl il, potilicnll.v

Alr lrrlolt,l.lrhlo

307.

\\lrilr,llrr,,lrirr1,, ulr.r,lrr.irrti

lrrr;rllr,x

Sil,urrl,irur.

sPrrrr

llr;rl lt,r,t,r,ln l,r,lrrrlh,rl irt Stttt

__ j r5 _

-r37is now the last week in August, r936.

l{t'ttt,, Ihe Chief Ac]ministrator of Faiestine, Sir Louis Bqls, trrad sent
lo (lcnelal Headquarters in Cairo a despatch upon the lgzo riots in
.f

ct'rrsulcrn. He said

On the zgth of July, I 936, tbe Secretary of State for the

Colonies anflounced the appointment of the Royal Commission
and stated that tt was not yet "pcssible to state on what date
the Commission rvill leave for Palestine but it is not proposed
that the Commission should begin its work in Paiestine until
order is restored".

Ir';tttttol allocate thc blame to any- section of the community or to inrlivirltt;rls rihik: thcir case is still sub judice, but I can definitely state t{rat r.vhen
llr. r'l rrrirr clruc thc Zionist Cornmission did not loyally accept the orders of
llrr, ,\rlrrri,risturtion, but from the commencemellt uaopteO a hostiie, critical,
irrril rl)lr),i\.(r attitudc. It is a regrettable fact tirat,.lvith ole or trvo exceptions,
il :rppr':rrs inrltossible to convince a Zionist of British good faith and ordinary
Itrrtrt'r,l r .,.

rtlr',1

'l lrtt, sct.li. not justice from the miliier_u occupant) but that in every
i,rr irt r,,,lticli a Jew is iutercsted discrimii.retion in his favour shall he

Palestine Arabs now feel that if the Royal Com'

mission choose to speak their mind freely there v'il1 be evety
reason for them to endorse the recommendation made by Sir
Louis Bols in rg2o by a forcibie recommendation in 1936 to

lfhe

.lrourr. 'l'lrr.1,;rrc c:xcecdingly diiticult to dcal li'ir.lt. In Jerusalem, being in the

trrrj,rilr', llrcv arc not satisfied rvith militar-u- protectiol). but deraand to tak.llrr l;ru'irrto thcir orvn haadsl in other plece: rvhere they are in a minoritl'

Ilrll

cl:rrnour

for military

protcction...
my difficulty... in ccntrolling aly situation that
lrr:r\' ;rrir,.in lhr; future if I have to deai ri,ith a r.ci:resentative of the Jewish
( onrnlunily (Llr. Ussishliin r,vas vice-presidei.)t.r \.,-hc threatens me u'it:h mob
l;rrl rrrrl rcfusi,s [o acccpt the cctistituted {olces of lew,and order...
ll u,ill bc rccognised frorn the foregoing ti)rt my orvn authority and that
,,1 r,\'r'r'r'rl.plrlurt:irt of rny Administration is clairned or irnpunged upon by
lll'Tiorri I (',)r.lut1i:ision, and f am de8niteli. r:i opitlion that this state of
rrll'lrir r it.l.l , olltiltuc r",;ithout grave dangc-r. tr the pLiblic peace and to the

It

is unncccssary

lrlr,jrtrlir,, oI rnr'

A':lnT

to

press

abolish the Jewish Agency and the whole

Declaration policy.

309. The Commission

of

inist.ration.

ll ir rro rr:u' strying to the l\{o-qlern and Christian clement,q of the populaliotr llr;rl orrr (lcclin'ation as to the mainter:ance oi the status quo made on
r)ltr lnlr'\,inlo -lr.nrsalt:m has been observed li:icts.lvitness otherwise: the
irrlrorlrrlliorr o[ ll](: llcl)rf\v tongue as an otticial latrguagel a setting up of a
,lln'irlr jrrrlicrrlrrrr'; tlrc wholc fabric of governmcnt of the Zionist Comtrri,,rlorr oI which t]rcy arc lvell aware; the special travelling privileges to

r.efercnce,

which

are, however, bound by thek tetms

have been announced to be as follov'rs :

a,scertain the underlying causes oI the disturbances lvirich broke out in

Palestine in the middle of April, to enquire into the manner in which thc
Mandate for Paiestine is being impiemented in relation to the obligations of

To

the Mandatory towards the Arabs and the Jews respectively; and to

ascertain whether. upon a proper construction of the terms of the Mandate,

either the Arabs or the Jews have any legitimate grievances on account of the
way in vrhich the l\Iandate has been, or is being, implemented-; and if the
Commission is satisfied that any such grievances are well-founded, to make
recommendations for their removal and for the prevention of their fecurrence.

of llrc T,iorrist Cotnrrtission: this has firmly and absolutelv convinced

llrr.trrtr.lt.rvish olenrcrrts of our partiality. On tire other hand the Zionist
('orrrruir;,irrn irccnsc nty oflicels and me of anti-Zionism. The situation is
Itrloh,r;rlrlt.:rrrrl irr jtrsticc to my officcrs alld m]'sclf must be firmly faced,
'l'lri,, Arltrrirri,,ir';rliorr has lo1'all-v- cirrricd out the rvishes of his Majesty's
( llvrtrnrrrl rrrrrl lrirr srtlcor,rlcrl irr so tloing by strict adherelce to the laws
y,r1 r,rtrlrrg llrr, r rrrrrlrrr I r,f lhr: [\lili1it11- Ot:r:uyrlut of Enemy Territory, but
llrl, lrrr,r rrrrl ,.rrli,llr.rl llrr, T.ionirrl:r, tvho l;4rc:rr bcnt on committing the temlr'r'rr\'rririlirrr, rrrllrrinislnrtion to il p:rrtiulist policy before the issue of the
ttrr,ttrlrt,rs

do the circumstaflces under which the Baifour Declaration policy was

designed, as well as iis obvious impracticability, are intended to
complete the exposition of relative facts and merits \'vithout
which the earnest inquirer cannot be said to be adequately
assisted to form an opinion as to the intricacies, actualities, and
possibilities of the Palestine Problem:

310. The foregoing extracts, depicting

Ilrrrrrlrrlr,. lt i rnrrrtift'stl.v irlpossiblc to pleestr paltisaus rvho officiall-v ciairn

trollrlrry rrrorc llrrrt a "Nutiorrirl IIomc," but in reaiity rvill be satisfied with
rrril lrirrll lr,r.llrrn rr "Jcwish Statc" and all thet it politicaliy impiies.
I n,r,,rrrrrr,rrrl, llrclcfolr:, in the intercsts of peace. of cL.r'cioprnent, of the
Tiorri, I' llrr,rrr.r.lrt'i. tlrirt lhc Zionist Cotlnris:ion il Pules'.ine be rbolished.

Aflcr 181'cills trial, lhe llalfour Dcclatation

l'olir'.v itself shoultl be aho!ishetl in the
inl.erests of :rll cotrcerncd.
il(18, 'l 'lt,' pt'cricttt so c.rllcrl "(list tl rt),utccs ;lrr' rl()t ovcr.

of the Balfour

is now for the British Government, the Royal Commission, Arab leaders, and Jcwish leaders, to envisage the task
of findirrg a solution.

It

It

as they

-r38-

In order to render this modest

contribution as complete

and uscful as possibre, the

fo,owi"g lpp.raices have been
compiled to serve the

il::,T

ril'

I"

.'TJI#f

"'" "'|ffi

August ZE,

19g6.

#';:lT

APPENDICES

;;. Jff ..':';

W. F. Boustany.

Appendix

covENANT OF l.Htt I,t{A(;t.lu olJ NA,l,toNl{,1

Art. 14: (r) Thc (l.uncil shirll f,rrrrrr,rla lrrrrt

lrr,nrll lrr tln M,tt.
bers of the I,elrgue for arlopl"ion
lrllnn fpr l1o orlntrl6hl,rtli t)l I
Permanent court of Inte*^rion*t justr.e,
1t,ho (',rrrr irriii-rri
petent to hear and deternrire any
cris;rurr,
which the parties theretr.r submit lr>

.f

*,n,.

rnnil,nnt rtririrtrr
^n tl,xrLt
it. ,l,hc
i,,ry,i_, lfra
an advisory opinion,r)on ilny rris,rrte.r r.lr,srr.rr
rnrrrrid t, rt rr/
the Council or by the Assembly,
rrrrt

Art' 20: (r)

The nlembe's,f trrc I,r,irgrr. s*,rrnily

nSrru rhnr rhrr
'Covenant is accepted as ab'rg,ting
,ll ,irlil.rl,,,,. ,u. ,rii,tnrrtitrittnfl
inter se which are inc.usislent witrr trre rr,rn*
rrrr,rr,f,,rrrr r,roninly
undertake that they will n.t Irr,rr,irf(er r,rrlcr

lrrl, n,,y n,,grlrir,antl

inconsistent with the ternts thercof.

(z) In case any Nlcrrrber

of tlrc It,rr,{trtr lh1ll, lrrftrlr fuot,ltttlnl

a Member of the I,eague, irave urrtrcrlrrri*rr lrrry ,lrilgrtrr,nr

rttt,on.
sistent with the terrns of this Covenarrl, it
shull lre thc rlrrly ol rttr:h
Member to take in.rnrediate steps t.
r)r(,.rrr0 its r.r,rr,rrxe fr,ttt rtr,h

obligations.

Art.22: (r) 'ro th.se colrnics urrrl r.r.rir,rit,s wlrrr,h n,r r

of the Iate war have ceas.tr l. rlr,rrr<rr,r rhc r,vr,rorgrrr.v,i'urlr(lrgl..r

tho srrrrnr
which fornrerly g,vcrrre<l lh.nr irrrrr wrrir.h rr'c i.rrrrrrrir,rr
lr1, 1rr,,;rrr.l
not yet able t. 'stand llv thcnrscrves rrrrrrr,r rrrr rrrr,rrrr,rrx ,i,,nrilri,,rrrr
of lhe rn.derrr w,rrrr, lrrt,rc sh,rrlrr rlr,rrlrPrirrl rrrr,prirrr,rlrh,trurt
rlro

(l) .\s r,nrlrorlir,rl

irr llrt,'l'r.r,rrl.r,of Sivres riglcrl 9rr llrr, l()llr 1f;lrrgtrril,

t0.,r)

__ t.i9

_I4I_

-r40u,r,ll-lrcirr{ all(l

clevel

r, i,, (r tha r ;ffiil,",'".lH:

lrr, r'rrrbrxlicrl in this Covenant.

r iv

r i

s:

i,

(Z) In every case of rnandate, the Mandatory shnll

ren<lcr. lo
the Council an annual report, in reference
to the terrjtory contrrriltcrl

J"',",:H,:Hi;l.i:lJ:Ti"ii

to its charge.

(:) 'l',e bcst methocl of giving practical

effect to this principle
is t'lrl lir. ttltclage of such p.optr, ".i.,rrria
be entr*sted

(8) The degree of authority, control or arJ4ri.istr:rli.rr

r, I,.
exercised by the N{andatory shall, if not previonsry
arr.e.rr u11., rl.y
the h{em}:ers of the League, be explicitry rterinetr
irr circrr r,;rsc r,y trrr.
Councii.

to advar.rced
r,rlirr,s r,.,hic., lt-r, *ascn ol tlreir
resor:.ces, their experience or their
;1r'.;i'rrlrhicur p.siiir;,, ca, besl- ui:clei.take
triis responsibility and who
;tt. rvillirrrl 1. lt.cept it, ancl-that t'ls tuteiage
sho,ld be exercisecl by
llrr,rrr lri l\[irrrria.iorjes on be]ralf
oi t]re Leajue.
( i) 'i'lrt' ch.racl'ei
the man.late rnrst differ accordi,g
to the
s1;rr" rri'rirt'iJt'el.r,l.rent 'fof tire pecpre,
llrr,

llllilor.i,
('t

(s) r\

permanent conrrnissio, sha, be constitutctl

t.

rr,r.r,ivr.

and examine the annual repo.rts of the hfanclatories

ernd t, irrl'isr: rrr.
Council on all matters rerati,g to the orrser'ance oI
trrc rnlr,rr;rrt,s.

trre geographical sitnation of

itr; cr:oirontic coniitions a:rrl other
siiaiiar circuinstairces.

('t'r'r:riu c'r,rnr'.urities fo*reri;;

l:eronging to the Turkish
r't'aehcd * stege of cleveiopment
where their existence

l'jrrrrri'r'i*i'.
itrrh'r

rt'rrrl..r

,t'rrrk'r'irrg

.[

i,ns

as

lrc prrivi:,i.,aily .cco5rnised s*bject to

the
;rriririrrisl.lrli't, .r]vica artr irssistance

rr;rt

r:arr.

tttrlil r;rl.lr lirrrr. lr.;

llrr.1,;11.1,;rlrl1, 1q, s{ir,r1 ul.ne.

|0rrrrrrrrrririr':r rrrrsr rrr';r
lrinr:i,11r] c..sicleratio, i,
I\ I ;r I rr lrr I o r'-r,.

Appendix II

by a

Hrandatory
The nishes of ihese
the selection of the

TREATY OF

Art' 94'-The High

contracting parties agrcr: lhrrr syr.iir lrrrrr r\rr,s.p.tamia shail, in accordance with the frxrrtrr p.rirg*rPrr.[.\r.rit:r*
r.r,
Part r (covenant of the Leag,e of Nations), bc

(S) ()l i.r,r. lrr,lrlr,:r, (.sl)cciirlly thr:se of Cc,tral

-lifrica, are at
r'rr.lr ;r :rlti. rrr;rr rirr' .\r;rrrrilrt,ry niust
be responsibie for the
rrrirrisl'.ri,rr,r' lrrr, r.r'r'ir.11, rr.rtlcr contlitions
w]rich wilr
l'r'r'rlrrrrr ()r'(,rrs('i..((';rrrrr

ad-

nised as independent. states subject to the

guarantee

advice and assistance

able to stand alone.

subjecr only to the maintlnance of

of ar;uses, such as the srave
Ir';rrlr', llrt'rr'rrrs r'lrr'r'it::rrrcl thc Iicl*or
trafric, and the prevention of the
r';llrlrlislrrrr.rrr rrI i,r'riri.irri.rrs .r nriritarlj
a,d navar bases ancl of
rrrilil;rlt,lt;rirrirrrl ol llrr,rr;rlii.us fr,r.r,tlrcr thltn police
purposes
rlr'l.rrr.,r r.r .il.r'r.;rrrrr rviil lrrs. secrrr.r. cqual opportrritia, ancl the
for the
Ir';rrk, ;rrrrl (,()rllnr(.1.(.(, oI othcr n{cmbers
of t}ie I,eague.
(() ) 'l'lrt'r't' ;r.r' rcrrit.r'ies, sucrr
as south-\4lest Africa and certain
,I llr. s.rrrlr l';rt ilrt: Isrrrrrcrs, whicrr, orving t' the sparseness
of their
lrolrrrlrrliorl, lvl'rlrcir srrrlll size,.r their rernoteness from the centres

lrrrlrlir:.r'rl.r'lrrrrr

'erigion,

rrrr,r'ilrs, trre pr.ohibition

'

r'I r'i'ilis;rri.rr,,r'trr.ir geogriillhical contig,ity to

the territory of the
I\llrrrrlirl.r'.v,.r irrlrcr circunrstlurces, ca, be best
acrmi,isterecr turder
llr. lrrrvs,l rlr. i\IantriLt.ry as integrar portio,s .f its territory,
subject
l, llr. rtr[t'rlrrl'rls lrlrrv..icrrli.rrt,rl irr thc irtcr.csts.I thc incligcnous
ro1
1

rrt lir I ir

rr

SDVRIIS.I

lrr..visirrrrrily rr,r:,g-

rtnrrcring.I irrlrrrirrisrrrrrivr.
by a Mancratory rr,rir srrcrr tirrrr,;rs rrrt,.v rrrr:

A commission shal be constit,tcd witrrin fiftccrr rrlrys [r.r, rrr.

corning into force of the present Treaty to tr.act_. un llrc spot thc
frontierline described in Article z7,rr(z) ancl (3). 'I'his c,rrrrnissi.rr
will be composed of three members nominaterl by I,'rurrcc, (lrcrrt llritirin
and rtaly respectively, and .ne mcrnl:er nonrirlrrt,tl lry 'l'rrrli.y; ir,
will be assisted by a rcpresentlrtivo of Syria for llrr.S),r.iirrr frorrlk,r,
and by a representativc of Mcsopot:tnriir fol llrt.Nlr,sopolrrrrrilrrr
frontier.
The clctcrntitrittitxt of lhc othcr Irorrlilrs oI llrr.s;rirl Sllrlr,s, rrrrrt
the selection of thc I\4trrrrlillrtrft's, will lrt,rrlrrlt: lry tlrc l,rirrlilurl Allir.rl
I)owt rs.

r.

(l)

[-

Sigrtt'rl ott

tlrr l0(h oI Attgttrl, tr)J0. Virlc I'rrrrrgrrrplr:i [7 rrlrl ll lo

llr.lrrnlvr.

_-

142

_-

Art. g5,-I.he

High Contracting I)arties

t:..',rlst, by application
of the provisions of
Articie ,rj;;'"#lttl
such bouncla.i., o. ,rl. i." ;-;^..::l: ":mrnrstrarion of patesrine, wirhin

roaMandat",;i:T:"i:.1::T,[:iiiT"i;:..],*iiiHr,ff

wi,

--r43.--

be responsibre

Appendix

to. prttirrg ,'rr"'"u..a *r.

J..r".oi"r'"lr*urru,
made o, Novernber ,,
,gr7, rr, ,i. u.rr"r, G"r..r;;;;;lra'"oopt"a
por".,,' in il,"',#.,n.

:ljT"l,H,tT.

FIN.\L DR.{FT OF.THE

MANDATE FOR MESOPO'TAM
FoR rHE AppRov;r
(,rAA)
couNcrr, dri.;ilfi
,
".
LEAGUE oF NATroNs;-"

;;.lll

estabtishment i,, por.rti,,"

n,:::":r:,#iii,ilTff :,::ix.:r1il,:..ffi
ti.,' ln" .,*nu
;:-J :"i,l,;i': ff l'#,1;:;U;il*1Ji es in
".'
thatnothinf

The Council of the

League of Ntttont,
bv Article r jz or rhe
'r'r.eary

pa,es

The llanrlatorv rrnrtpr,-t-^^

unciertahes
special
rerating "o,,*,rr,tl-'1
,n. 0,"#..1?,J.fi#f

.f thisbommir.io, ilr. religious

account. The Ci
c o,in

i,

",,

n., niilil i{

;';1"'

;,rr^..rr"11'-1itt.

$""""iH::

i,,

ltre

r"ssibre a

favour ot trre

ui,J.rui.,

tamia;

composition

ffi,HJ ffii ;1 :Xl n,'s

T;

jz'

Art' l32'-oLrtside

determination of

fi1.11''.ii'1; i;;,,i:i,,lillill',,1'lilll'l',lll",,l'#,1[
r'i ml,li,r. i,'y',iiirr,r rr
macre by,n. n,rlli1,1'nii.1'ffiil:,
ll,li,,'
(.) Whereas thc l,rincilral
Allicrl
Britannic on";"", as
Mandaro* i;;'i*.ilXiili,,,,,,ll],,ir,o.,r, nh

with

down in rhe said

her-frontiers as fixed by
the.present Treaty Turkey
-'uri.ier,t,

l|:illJ;;,H'!i,'i 1l':': ;

il;dar

Aried p"*..,

(d)

,n"

(e)

'I'urriey unclertakes to
recognise and co,form
to the measures
n'hic. nray be taken now
or in the future by the principar
It^vers' in agreernent where
Alried
necess"., *til third powers,
in order to
clrrry lhc, above stipulation
into effect.

nih,f,'-|,,-T?l *"n

"Antiquities"' vide Art. zr,Patestine

Mandate

Whereas the terms of

thc
,;]:,1ll.1nrruls
Manrlu,, ,u
in

" been f";il;.;;,];:

Iave
-i"#3
councl *,n.
r';

anv gro.und over or t"t".**

lerritories outside ,ll5tt':,on
iurope which are not otherwist
ttitpo;J;;'o], "r,
'I).caty.

r)r'cserlt

Whereas

or Nations

,^",,^,,1;':,
rfil)c(r ot lltnrr4mhmtr

ffi.:ll!l]*u "''"'*

ttttrl xultrrlr ttri-

i,

tho

It'is.Britannic

Majesty has accellterl

tlre I\trrrrrlilto ln
trntlertakctt ,,, .^,r'.i** ',,,,'ir|.,,",,
of the Lcagu. o, N,"""uri*s
,,
rtions in confurnrity
with thr, r,,fi,,,ri,,*
i,r,,r,J,1,,rr
respect of the saicl

(f)

'

artc.l

Hereby approves
thc ternrs of lhe suirl
I\lrrrrrlulc rrr lollowr

"-1.1.:,['i'fl1tJ'y"#'l

-*,,,.,1'l,,,,lll,,lj'l;ii:,J:
l:,t,:';,:,ji ,i{.1[..;i;il,]Jl_lrri,Tf;c

rende.irg ot administrarivu
liteto, nrblrol
unu,,.1l"..11"lclcttrlt'ttl
datorv untit sulh ,,,r.
ur"ii"i*'ru,.'ill.trtttl,tt*lrlrurrn l,y n Mrn.

the provisions
to accept any decisions
r,vhich may be taken
in reration
to il:e questions dealt q,lth
in ,nr, S..rr*.

of Articre

.li,;::fi:x;I

*u,,, hr, r rrh ( rnrno'hf

1,ili,;:il:l,;ji,,l,
paragraph of Arricre
zz ot r\arL, l,1i,i::::L:lrrn|owllh.tlrrtoun[
(L'()vellllrll,f the l,unr
Irlations), be provisionarry
ol
*os,;ir.aa
1o the

terms of the rnandates

"i,
in respect of trre abo'e territories
will be fornrr-rlaterl_by the princif.t-oui.o
pov,,ers and
submittecl to
the Council of the Leagu.
oi Xuti*u'io, uor.ouur.
Art' 97'-trurkey hereby unclertakes,
accorcrance

and

#1, .lfJiili'^*:fi

Art' 96'-Trre

in

of l,cnt,o rrsnorr rt
of Atrgust
pr,t-Ttn.9?
rincipal atli'a,u*'.i';;;i,,:,1i,?;,,I:l'fiil

!,J:1, #n"#":

'" ",:;;T'.:::':'J
arr questions

III

rranre withirr rhe

sr*rttsr

lxrssirrrc

tlr llrltish lhrlitnrcnt

rrr0

l_

ri.re, rr,r

_,i,*i;','ffi1ii:'rHi,l,i,:lffl,l[ mll**;, ml
(l) As lrcslntrrl lo
"
No. tJpgy, "'

ln Aruusr, l02l ((,,nrnr.nrt

ltlt,r

144-

_-r45.-

to the Council of the League of Nations for approval, and shall, as

soon as possible, be pubiishecr by it. This organic Law shall be
iramed in consultation with the native authorities, ancl shail take
:rccount of the rights, i*terests and wishes of all the populations i'h.l-ritirg the rnandatecl territory. rt shari contain provisions clesigned
l, facilitate the progressive clevelopment of Nlesopotanria as an in-

'of consular jurisdiction and protection

as fornrerJy cnjr_ryuri lrr,. (';rl rit rr_
lation or usage in the Ottoman
E*pi.", are <ltirrritcly

6.

jurisdictio, no$r existi.!1 in illt'.r,,,trrrrrilr

*.irlr

2.

'l'he l:llrrrlatory ully nraintain arrnecl forces in the

te-r:riiories under
lris Nlandatc for the defence of these territories. U,til the entry into

{t>rce of the Organic l,aw and the re-establishment of pubtric security,

he may organise and empioy local forces necessary for the mai,te.ance

the Mandate.

lr, \lr,,rlr,,

tamia.

.8.

The s.id local forces shall thereafter be responsibre to i.he local

rrrrlhoritit:s, subject always to the coirtrol to be exercised over these
I.rces by the Mandatory. The l\{esopotamian Governrnent shall not
errploy them for other than the above-mentioned purposes, except
with the consent of the 1\,{andatory.

The Mandatory will cltsurc Lo illl 1,,1,,,,1,,1r,

lrr,r,rlltrr rl lrrr.lr lr,mrl
and the free exercise riI ail [olrrrs oI worsrri;r,
:irrr,jr,r I orrr\, rn rrlr
'maintenance of public or<rcl rrrrrr rrrolirrs.
No rri.ir rirrritlrrrorr
1,1

,,,,r,
kind shall be rnarrc rlt'rrvct,rr rrrr. irrlr;rrrirlurrs
r\llrr;rr )rrrrrrl ,rr lrrr
ground of race, religiorr or lurrgrritgr,. lnslr.rrr 'r
lilll 111 lrrrl llttuttllr llrrr
medium of the nativt: lirrrgrur!r,s ol.J\lt.sol xrl;rrrrilr ,rlrrrll
lrr, lrrlrrrlllrl
by the N{anclatory.

Nothing in tiris article shall preclude the Mesopotamian Gol,ernment fronr contributing to the cost of the rnaintenance of any forces
rnaintainecl by the Mandatory in Mesopotamia.

The llandatory shall be entitred at a[ times to use the roads,

r';rilvvuys, unrl ports of lfesopotamia for the movement ol armed
Jortrs irnrl lhe <:rrrriage <lf fuel and supplies.

.1. 'l'ho

Nlantlatory sh.ll be entrusted with the control of the foreign

rt'kLli.us of Mcsopotamia, and the right to issue exequaturs to consuls

by foreign

Po'vvers. rt shall aiso be entitled to affcird

rliyrl.rnatic aud consular protection to citizens of Mesopotamia when

orrtsirlc its territorial limits.

The right of eirch r:ornrrrrrrril.l, lo

education of its own tttt'tttlrt'rs irr

l:cnchls

ilri nrvrr rr ltrrlln lnr llrr,

ministration may impose) ,shalI rrol, lrr. rh.rrir,rl r,r. irrr|lrrilr.rl,

g. Nothing in this Nlanclate shail rre c..strrrt,rr rrs t.,rr'r,r.r.irrg
rr;rrrr rrrr,
Mandatory authority t. interlere with rho [rrrrr.ir: .r.
rrr,, ,urrr;rgr,rr.rrr

of the sacred shrines, the immunitics of wrrit'rr ,,r.r

p1,,,,r,,,,t,,,,,i.

ao. The l\{andattx'y shall bc rcsP,usilrre frr r.x.r.r.isirrg srrr.lr srrrrr.r.r,iqi,rr

over missionary e,terprise in Mesrlrrtrrmia, as rrrr.v rrr.rrrlrrirr.rr
r.,r.rrr.
rnaintenancc rif ptrblic orrler lrrrrl gorxl govt,rrrrrrr,rrl.
Strlr.ir,r.1 lo srrr lr
strpervision, no ntcilsrtr(,s slutll lrc ttrlicrr irr \lr.,opol;1111i;;
lo olrsllur
,r i.rcrf.ra with srrelr r,rrtt,r.lrrisc ,r l, rlisr'irrrirr;rr. rrg:rirrsr irryl.
nrissionlrr-v on tltc gr.orrrrrl of lris rcligior) ()r nilliorrirlily.

for seeing that no Mesopotarnian

tIc

rr1;1i,,1.,1,,

ils,u,n lirrrgrurgr. (rrlrlL,r,rl,rllrrH

to such educati.,al retlrrirc.rt.rrts.r';r gt,rrr.r.rrr rrrrrlrrc.r
rrrr, ,\rr

It'rril,ry shrrll lle cr.de<l or le;rsed to or in any way lrlaccrl under the
corrtrol of the (ltvernnrent o[ auy forcign IrowCr.
'l'lrr, irrrnrrrrrilit':i lrrrrl privilr'11r's oI forlillrrr,rs, inr.lrrrling

lr) rrrr,rr

of order and for the defence of these territories. such local {orces
nray only be reruited from the inhabitants of the teruitories under

r.r,r1;r'rr

rrrr,r
arising out of tlrtt religiotrs bclie ls of ccr[:rirr
t.onrrrulrilir,.r (rirlr lr ;r,r llrr
laws of walif ancl persorral sl,.tus),
Irr Jr;rr.r it.rrr;rr rrrr, r\r;rrrrrrrr,r r
agrees that the contror ancl adnrinislrrrtion
or'\\,rrlir' rrrrrril rrr,r.r', r,r,rl
in accordance rvith r.eligiotrs l;rrv;urrl llrr,rlis;rl,iiliorr
ol llrr, l,rrrrrlr,r
Pending
the maliilrr.r oI sirt,r,ilrl lrlt;rrliliorl ;;,,'t,r,1tt,1t,i
?.
trlllt l,,tt lr,tl
Fowers relatinrl lo t\lr,..oPolrrrtrilr , llrr, r,rlt;rrlililrr
ltr,rilr,, llr lltr r,
between frtreign l\ru,r,r.s lrrrrl llrr, l\lrrrrrllrlolr,
lr;rll,r;r;rl1

with thc spirit of this i\Ianclate.

4 'l'lr. i\Iandatory shall be responsible

The Nlandatory shall be responsible

lor slr,irrg thlrl tlrr,

.irrrlir irrl
syster, estabiished i, Mesopotamia
sharl s.[t,grrrr.rr (:r) rrrr, irrrr,r.r,:,r,
of foreigners; (b) the larv, aurl (to tirt:
r.xlcrrl rir,t,rrrr,rl r.r|s,rli1.1;ly 1111,

rlependent state. Pending the co.ming into effect of the organic r,aw,
the' administration of }resopotamia shall be conducteci in accorclance

:rplxrintctl

:ilrr.og;,1,,,1,,,

i\,Iesopotarnia.

l.

'l'lrc l\l;rrrrllrrr)r'.\' nlnsl st'r,rrr;rr

rrrr,rr. is 1e rrislr,irlirr:rri.,rr irr

xrr,s.,r-

r45r5'

any State member of the League of

Iiations (including cornpanies incorporated under the lalvs of such
State) as aompareci with the nationals of the I'Iaadatory or of any
toreign State in matters concerning taxation, commerce or navigation,
tire exercise of industries or professions, or in the treatment of merchant. vesseis or civil aircraft. SimilarlSr, there shall be no discrimination in }4esopotamia against goods originating in or destined for any
tranria against the nationals cif

upon the comi,g inio Jo'cc'of trrc orl1rrrir.r,rru,

Nothing in this Ilanrlutc shirll

1rr.t,vt,rrl llrr, Nllrrrrhrlort, frotrr lrltlr
trisliing a systenr of local irrrtotrorrry [or. pr.r,rLrrrrirrirrrllt,
Irrtrllrlt ttt,r,11r
in &Iesopotamia as he ntrry t:orrsirlt,r srrilirlrlr..

rj'

Nothing in this article shall prevent the Nlesopotamian Go'/ernment on the aclvice of the Manclatcry, from concluding a special
custorns arrangement uiith any $tate, the territory of r'r'hich in r9r4
was wholly inclucied iir Asiatic Turkey cr Arabia.

18.

T'he fr{andatory rvill adhere on behalf of Nlesopotamia to any

general internationai conventiot.ls already existing or that may be
conciuded hereafter rr'itir the approval of the League of Nations
lespecting the slave traffic. the traffic in arrns and ammunition, and

rg' rf

The ]{andatory shail mii}it, t, rhr, ('.rrrrr,il

,1. rrrr, r,r,rr;.4rr. ., Nrrrr,rrr
an annual report as to the rrrt,;rsrrrr,s
l;rlir,rr rlrrr.lrrg tlrl t,r,,l I,r Lu;

; rltl
the provisions of thc -\,lirnrllrlr,. (,opir,ri
ol. lll lrtri,r rrrrrl tr,,(rtlrtllrrlr
promulg,atecr or issrrt'rr rrtr'irrg
rrrr, r.r,rrr. srrrrI rrr, r,nrrrlrrrr
rtrr,rr willr
the report.
The consent o[ lhc (,orrnt.il ol llrr, l,r,irgrrr,ol
Nrrll.,11,, 1n ,r,riltltlrl l.,l
any modification of the tt'rnrs,I rrrr,;r'r,sr,rrr
r\rilrrrrrrr,, 1,, ,,,i,r,,,'r it,ut
in the
case

lry llrl

( irrrrrr il,

ttt,,,,,l,rt,,, v'rrr, lr

shall be subnritt.rr ro llrc rt,r.rrrrrrr,rrr (',,,rrr ,,r

rrrrr,rrrrril,rrrrl ft*rlrlr
ol llrr, l,r,rr11rrr, rrl [\111 lp111q

providecl foi. lry Artir.lt, r,1 {}l llrr, (,olr,rrirrrl

20' fn

dustrial propertY.

r3.

executionofaLawofAntiqrritie-o.hasedonthecontentsofArtic]e
I'eace r';iih Turkey' This larv shall
4z r of Part XIII of the Treaty of
r.elilltcrl 1he iorrrrer ottonritt.t I,arv t:f Antiqtlities, ancl slrall ensurL,
lrl tht:
r,clturlily oI trgtrlrlr,trt i1 tltt'lttitllcr r,I itrch;tcrtltrgicirl rcrst'at'clr
,,,,ti,,rt,,ls r,I lrll Sllttls, ttlctttltt'r:' oI tlrl l't'ltt{ttt' of N:tliotrs'

prolrosr,rl

lly ir tl;r.iolil.1, ol llrr,

any rlisl'ltrtc wrr;rrt'r,r,r:rr,rrrrrr rrr.irrr,rrr,rrt,r,r,rr

rrtr,rru,111rr1,11 11f ;lg..
League of Nations rt'llltirr;1 lrr lltC irrl..r'1 rrr,lrrrhrrr
ilr llrrr rrlr!lh rrlhrrr rrl
these provisions rvrrit'rr crnnr)r r,r, sr,ilrrirr.rrv
rrr,,rrrr rrrillrr, rrrrn rlhl)l,rl

the traffic in drugs, or relaling to commercial equality, freedom of

transit and naviga.t'ion, lals of aerial navigation, railways and postal,
telegraphic ancl rvireiess cammunication, or artistic, literary or in-

l\lfandaiorv rviil secure the enactment within twelve months

irom tlte coming in'ro force of this }fandate, and will ensure the

of any nrrxlilic:rlion

Consent ntay be given

rz.

r-x. The

l*

rc).

Subject as aforesaid the }lesopotamian Government may ori the

advice of the Nfandatory irnpose sucll taxes and customs duties as it
may aonsider necessary and take such steps as it may think best to
promote the development. of the natural resources of the country and
to safeguard the interests of the popuiation.

oi plants and animals.

lrrrrr*r,rrrrrr
shail be made betwee, tlre lla,rlrrl.ry
irrrtI tlrt' Alr,s,,lr,rrrtrrltttt I1rvt,,t
ment for setting the ternrs orr rvhicrr
thc 11rr1r lvil rrh.,r,r,r rrrlrlrr,
\Yorks and other serviccs nf ir
.c.rnrrrrrcrrr t.r,rr.,r.rr,r,, rrrr, rr,ttrrrr rrl
r,t,hich viill pass to the llc,sopoiirrniirn (l,,vr,r.rrrrrlrrl.
Srrr lt lltrltllll
ment shall be contmtrrricirlc,rl to thc (irtrrrt.il
ol. llrr, l,r,;rgrrr,ol NrrlIrttr,

of the said States, and there shall be freedom of transit rurCer equitable
conditions across the mandated area.

.fhe n{andatory u,ill secnre the co-operation of the Mesopotamian

Goventmcnt, so far lis social, religious and other conditions may
perrait, in the execr.rtion of any,common policy adopted by the League
of Nations for preventing and combating disease, including diseases

r47

t
I

the cvetlt of tht'lt'r'nrirurli,rl 1,1 1lrr,Ilrrrrrlrrlr,rrrtrl,rll,rl

11;1,111
the ,fandatory l_ry tlris l)r,t.lirr.irli.rr, llrr,(,.rrrrrll
rrl llrr, l,r,,r;1r111 1,;
Nations shall malic srrt'h irr,r.lurlqr,rrrr,rrl$ rr:i rrrirI lrr.rlrr,rrrr,rl
tt,lrru,uy
for securing under the gulrrirntt,r,oI llrr, l,r,lrtirrr,
llrirl llrr, l\lr,,ulrulllntllll
Government will fully h,,,trr rrr. lir;rrr.i;rr ,rrril,lrrri,rrrrr
r.g,ril1,'rrrr,r,,rr
by the l\{anclatory <lurirrg llrr,;lr,r.iorl ol.llrr.l\lrrrrrhrlr,,
fllllrrrllrrg llrrr
rights of public ser.vitrrls lo lx.rrsiorrs or. gr.rrlrrlllr,,r,
Thc prr:scnl- crpy.slrlrll lrr: rlt,lrlr;ilr,rl ilr llrr, rrrr lrlr,r,,r rrl
lltrl l,t,rtliltr

oI N.tions. ccrtirlcrl crpics srrrril rrr, r'rrr n,rrrrr.rl rrv rrr,

i.ir,r r.rrrr,.
Gencral of lhe.l,cttgttc oI N:rliorrs lo itll ll,u,r,r.r fi1r,11,11,,,
lr r ul llm
'fi'caly of I't,lrt.c rvilh 'l'ur.licr,.

_-i48-

_r4g_

Appentiis I1.

\I, I)I{.\II'I' 0Ir 'I'HE MAND,\TE F'OR PALESTI}!-E FOR TITE

.\l'l'li(r\,\t, ot,' 'l'ilt,] CoIrNcII, OF THE I,EAGLiE OF' l,rAT{ONIS.r
I/IN

'l'he (iouncil of the l,eague of Nations.

(;r): (l) of lr.lrrl l\'[trrrlirtt.

rlrr \\'lr.r'r'rr:i lr.r' ,'\rr i.rr 95 ,f irrc said tre.tv the High conrracting
l';rrlir,, ,1,ti,r,(l l. r,1,1'.,,.,,, lr_y ,lDlir..rti,, ,i tlie pr'vi_sirins c_[ .Article
", llrr' \rlrrrirrisrr';rli.r,r'r,lrrt,slirrr'. u,irlri. such boundaries as rnighi
lrl rlr'lllrrrirrcrl lry llrr. r'r'int i;rlrl i\[it.rl r\,rr.r.r.s) t{) 1 i\{aridatorlr to be

'lllr llrl lrr. llrr. :rlrirl llru'r.r.s; lrntl

{r ) \\'lrr,tt,l:i lr.l. llrr. s11rr itr.ticle the Fligh

Crurlracting parties

Irrlllr.r'rrg'r'r.rl llurl llrr'l\larrrlat,r-1,shor:ld be responsible for putting

irrlrr .ll'r'r'l llrt' rl.r'l:r.lrri,rr ,rigii,rlry ,,,cle on November z, tgr7, by
llrr,(i,rvr.r'rrrrrt'rrl oI llis llrit:rrtuic _Nlajesty, and adopted b), t]ie
other

'\llilrl

l'o\1,r'r's, irr [rlu'orrr oI tlrt,cstrrlrrisrrnrcnt in palestine o[ a national

lor llrt,.lr,u,irilr ;x.o1rk., it lrcirrg clcirrl-v unclerstoocl that nothing
,,lrrrhl lrr,rl,rrr, lvlrilh rrright prcjrrtlir:c the civil and religious rights of
.ri"lirrrl rr'n-.f .wislr r:,rrrrrrrrnit.ies in palestine, or the rights and politi'lrrrrrrr,

lrl sltrlrr.i

r.rrjo.yr,rl

lry .lr.ws in

an1, otlrer

country; and

((l)

\\'lr.rt'lrs rc.,gniti,n h:rs rhcreby been given to the historical

llrr'.fewish llu4rle with palestine and to the grounds for
rr.r orl,litrrlirrg lhr,ir. N;rliorr:rl I{orne in that country; and
(r.), ( l ), (,{), ( h): ((.), (;l), (t ), (f), of traq }llandate.

*ilrr'( ti,rr .l

|. lli'

lllilrrrrrri. l\lrrjr,sly shall lrave the right to exercise

as Urandatory

llr. l)r!v('rs irrlrclcrrl irr lhe (iover.nnlent of a Sovereign State,

;r'{ llr.r'rrrrv lr. lirrrir.rl lry rlrc rt.rrrrs.f the
Presenr N[andate.
rrll

4.

An appropriate .[ewish agency shart b'e recognisecl as a llrrblic rrrxry

for the purpose of advising and co-operating with the Adrnirristrrrri,rr
of Falestine in such economic, social and other matters .s nliry
effect the establishinent of the Jewish national home and the irrrr,r.r,srs
of the lewish population in Palestine, and, subject ahvays lo llrr,
control of the Administration, to assist and take ptrrt in the tlt,vr,l,rPment of the country.
The Zionist organisation, so long as its organisati.n ;rnrl .,rrsl iru-

tion are in the opi,ion of the l{anclatory appropri.le, shull lr.

recognised as such agenc\/. It shall take steps in consultirtiolt rvitlr
IIis Eritannic Majesty's Goverlrurcnt ro sercurc tll(: ('o-r)lx,r'irliorr 1[ rrll
jews rv'ho are rvilling to a-qsist i, llrc .slirlrlislurrr,nt ,I llrt,
.lr,*,islr

national home.

5:4 of Iraq

6.

The Admini-ctration of I)alestine, rvlrilc cnsrrlirrg llrirr tlrr.riglrrs;rrrrl

positiou of other sections ol the ilopulatitxr arc uol pr.r,jrrrlit.r,rl, slrtrll
faciiitate Jewish irnmigration r.rnder stritable conditirlns iut(l shilll r,ncourage in co-tpelation ivith the Jewish agencv refcrr<,rl lo in Artit:lc
4 close settlenrent l-.y Jeu,s on lhc laurl, incltrrlirrg Slirlt' lirrrrls trrrrl
u'aste lanCs riot requirecl for lrublic: [)urlx]scs.

7.

The Admiiristratiou of l'alcstinc rvill llc rcsporrsilllc [or' l,trirr'lirrg ir

nationaity law. There shail be included in this lirw provisiorrs [r'irrrrr:rl
so as to facilitate the acquisiiion of I'ulcstinian r:ilizt,n:rhip lry .lr.rvs rllro
take i.rir their permanent resir'lence in I'irlesl irrr.

8:5 oi Iraq Mandatc.

9:o oI trraq I.larrdatc.

save

10:7 of
"rrr

lr Dolilir:rl, lrrlrrrinislr:rrivc irnrl ecorrornic c:ouditions as will

secure

r",t;rlrlislrrrr.rrr .f llrr'-ft.r,r,ish rxrt.ionul htxne, as laicl down in the

pr r';rrrrlrlr', rurrl llrr. rlr,r,r'lollrur.nt oi sr:l[-govcr.ning institutions,
and
irl:o tor srr[r'grrirrrlirrg rlrr,r'ivil :rnrl rr:liriorrs righls of all the inhabitants

llr.

. lI l':rh,.,l irrr,, illr.sgrt,r.l ivt, of r.;rt.t, irrr<l rt,ligi()n.

t 'l lrl i\l;rrrrlirl.r'-'y, slurll t'rrcorrrirgc rlrr, u'irlcst rrrcrlsrrre of seli-g6r,cr1rrr,rrt lot lrxlrlilils crlrsislr,lrl ryillt llrr, lrr.t,r.;rilinrl t.orrrlilions.
II

\, lrtr',r'trllrl lo lltt lltilirlr l'luliirtnrnl irr

),rr lill{}r

,\rr14rr'1,

l()il (('urnrtr:rrrrl lr;r;r.r,

l\.Iirndate.

rr.
to

trraq Mandate.

The Administratiotr o[ ]'alt'stinc shall talic trll trecessrrly

safeguarcl the intcrcsts of the conrrnutrity in t.onrrrr.liorr

llt(,ltsur'(.s

lvillr

llrc

oI tht'r'orrntr'_\'iurrl, srrlrir,cl lo Arliclr,.jr r ol lltr"l'r'r,;rlv

of I'cacc u,ith'l'rrrkt,.r,, slrirll lur",r'frrll lrrrwr.r lo lrlovirh,[or'prrlrlir:
tirvnt'rship rrr totttrol oI rrnl' of lhr, rurlunrl t'r,solIr'r.s oI llrt, r ourrlr'.y
or of lhc lrttlrlit'u'ollis, st'rvicts irrtrl rtlililils r,sllrlrlislrr,rl or ln lrr,r.sl;rlrlishcrl lltcrtirr. lt slrirll irrlrorlrrtr, lr l;rrrrl sy$lr,nt rrlrprolrli;rlr, lo
lhc ttcr'rls of tltt,r'otrrtlt'.V, lurvirrg lr,g:rrrl, iutronH ol lrr,r'lltinlrs, ln llrl
rk'sirltlrililV of Ptotttllirrri llrr' t losr' :rt'ltlt'tttt'tll itttrl ittlt'tr:iivl crtllir';rliott
<lcvelopment

lf

Ilrr,l;trtrl.

r50

-In all cases dealt v;ith under this article, h,u,cr.cr. tlrr,r.i14lrl irrrrl
cluty of the Mandatory to maintain order antl rlecrrrtrrrr irr rlrr.;rlnrr'

The Aclniinistraticn may arrange rvith the

Jervish agency mentio,ed i, Artictre 4 to construct or ope;:ate, llpon fair and equitable
terms, any public works, services and utiiities, and to develop any
of the natural resources of the country, in so {ar as these matters are
not directly undertaken by the Administration. Any such arrange-

concerned shall not be affected. anil the iluilrlinlls;rnrl sitr,q rllll lrr,
subject to the provisions of such lar.,,s relating to lrLrlrlit' rrturltrlr,trl,r
as may be enacted in Falestine r,rrith the approval o[ lirt, Nl;rrtrltrlolv,

ments shail provide that no profits distributecr by such agency. directly

or indirectly, shall exceed a reasonable rate of interest on the capital,

guaranteed by the League of Nations.

and any further prqfits shall be utilisecl by it for the benefit of

country in a manner approved by the Administration.

12:3 of Iraq

thre

l\{andate.

r3. All responsibili'ry

in connection with the Hory places and religious

buiidings or sites in Palestine, inclucling that of preserving existing
rights, of securing free access to the Hotr.v- places, religious buildings
ancl sites and the free exercise of worship. while ensuring the requirements of public order and decorum, is assumd by the Mandatory,
who will be responsible solely to the I,eag'Lre of Nations in all matters
connected therewith: provided that nothing in this article shali
prevent the X{andatory from entering into such arrangement as he
may deem reasonable with the Administration for the purpose of
carrying the provisions of this article into effect; and provided also
that rothing in this Mandate shall be construed as conferring upon
the }4andatory authority to interfere with the fabric or the management of purely Moslem sacred shrines, the immunities of which are
guaranteed.

with Article 95 of the Treaty of Peace vrith Turkey,

the I'Iandatory undertakes to appoint as soon as possible a special
Coinmission to stucly and regulate all questions and clairns relating

to the clifferer.rt religious comrnr-rnities. In the composition of this

Comrrission the religious interests concerned rvill be taken into
account. The Chairman of the Commission rvill be appointed by the
Councitr of the League ci lrlations. It wj11 be the duty of this Comrr,ission to ensure that certain Holy Piaces, religicus buildings or sites
regardeci wrth special veneratirm by the adlierents of one particular
reiigion, arc eiitrusted to the permanent control of suitable boclit's
represeniing the adherents of the religion concenrcd. l'hc sclccti,rrr
of the I{o15, Places, religious buildings or silcs so lo Irr.r'rrlrrrslcrl,
shali be nrade lly thc (lotnnrissiott, sttlrjt', t 1rr llrr, ;rlrprovlrl of the
rll I orv

15:8 of Iraq
paragraph

irr.l ir

lr, n,ill

lro

Mandate with the follou-ing adrlition rrt rlre t.rrrl r,I rlrr, rlr,r

"No person shall be excluded from Palestinc orr Iht,solr,glr,srrrl 1l

lrl,r

religious belief."
16:10 of Iraq

Mandate.

t7. The Administration of

Palestine rniry or',r;rrri,,(, ol rr rolurrtrttt,

basis the forces necessary for the prescrvtrlirrrr nl pr.irrr.rrlrl,,rrh'r,
and also for the defence of the corrnl.ry, sulr.irtl, ltonr'\r,r, lrr llr,
supervision of the N{andatory, but shall n()l lt\r. llrr.rrr lnr lrutlrr r,r
other than those above specifiecl savc \\ il lr llrr, r orr.,r,ul ol llrrr
Mandatory. Except for such put'lx)s(,s, rro rrrililrrr\', rlrrrrl lt rrlt
forcesshallberaisedormaintainerl lry tlrl r\rlrrrirri.rltlrlirrrr ul llrh,'ltrrr
(Thesecondandthirdparagraphs tlrlly wilh
Iraq Mandat).

llrr.lllrrl,rrrl lrlttlr 1rf;\11 I rrl

l8:11 of lraq Mandltc, with tltr' ;rrlrlili,rrr ol llr, rr,rrrl ,rrrl lr

provisions of this Mandato" after tlrt: tr'r,r'rl, ",ulr r , Lr rl,rrr ,rtrl
19

14. In accordance

X"[lrrt

The rights of control conierred urrrlcr l lris

i12 of Iraq

llr,

r,rl,,

'

MatrcliLto.

20. The N{andatory will co-ol)(.ritlt' r,tr l,r'lr;rll rt llrr' \rlrrrlrrlrltrtll,rrr

,,1

Palestine
,(Rest

Iikc Art. 13 of Irarl Nlunrlrrte t.

2l:74 of Iraq Mandatc.

22. [nglish, Arabic arrtl Ilcllrclv slr;rll lrr, llrr r,lli i;rl l,rrrrlrrrr;r' , ,,1
Palestine. Any statctrtr:rtl. or itrsllilrl iotr'i rn \r,rlrrr rrrr rlrurlrr rrr
money in Palestinc shall llc lt'1rt'llcrl irr llll,r ,'u ,rrrrl ittry rlrtlt'nrr rlr
or inscriptions in fleblcw shrrll lx.r'r'1x':rlr,rl rrr \r,rl,r,.
23. The Administratiotr of l.'itlt'stirrr':,lt;tll t'r',,,r,rl'r'! 111,' ls,,lr 1l;11,11
the respective courtrtunitics iu l';tlr':.litrr',r, lr";rl rl,rr, ll tr,l I'rt llrr'
rnembers of such conrmunitics.
24:11 oI Iritrl

Nlrtttr.litlt'.

t5. .lrr tltt' It'rrilot'it'.

l_r'irrjl bcllvct'n

lltr' .lotrlrttr irtrrl lltr r',r,lltrt

I
\

*r52be entitled to postpone or u,ithhold application of such'provisibns of'

troundary of Palestine as ultimateiy determined,. the Mandatory shall
this }landate as he may consider inapplicable to the existing local
conditions, and to make snch plovision for the administration of the
territories as he may consider suitable to those conditions, provided,
no action shall be taken which is inconsistent with, the provisions of
Articles 15, 16, and 18.

21

:18 ol Iraq

The 1922 Statement of Ilritish Policy in Pnloxl.lno,l

,l,

The Secretary of State for the Cokmics hts glvrrtt rr,ttrwotl t'r)ll.
sideration to the existing political sitrrirlion irr lltlc*llttc, wllll I vtt]y
earnest desire to arrive at a settlenrent o[ lltt ottlrrlnlllltlg lltlsrlltilll
which have given rise to uncertainty and unrtrst rull()nl{ ('('Iltllll x,t lhrttt
of the population. After consultatiorr with tlur lliglr ('ottttnluhtllil
for Palestine the follorving statentent hlrs ltcctt rlrttwtt ttlt, ll rtlltt'
marises the essential parts oI lhc <'orrcsltottrk'ttt'r lhttl ltlr nlrrtnrly
taken place between the Secretary of Sllrlc arrrl lt l)r.hgttlkrtt (rottt lltt
Moslem Christian Society o[ l)alesline, rvltich lttrs lrt'r'tt fot'llllll0 llllln
in England, ancl it states thc furthcr t:ottt'lttsltltt wltft'lt ltttvn rltttl

Manclate.

28. In the event of the termir-ration

of the }landateconfbrredr upon the,

i\:[arrdatory by this l)eclaration, the Council of the teague,of Nations

shall make such arrangements as may be deemed necessary

for safeguarding in perpetuity, under guarantee of the League, the
rigl.rts secured by Articles 13 and 14, and for securing, under the
guarantee of the I,eague, that the Government of Palestihe willl
frrlly honour the financial obligations, Iegitimately ihcurred by the
Administration of Palestine during the period of the Mandate, in*

been reached.

The terlsion which has prevrrilerl Irottt titttc lrr lltttn ltr I'rtlrrl lttl
apprehensiorrs, wlticlt itrc t'ttlct'lttlttrrl lrul lt lry
sections of the Arab and by secl iotts of lltr'.fcwitlt pnlrttlttlkrtt, 'l'ltorl
apprehensions, so far as thc At'itlrs ltrt'r'ttttt't't'ltrtl, ltI0 lttll'lll'llllrnll

is mainly due to

clruling the rights of public servants to the pensions or gratuities.

'fhe present copy shali he deposited in the archives of the League

of Natior.rs and certif,ed copies shall be lorwarded by the Secretary(jeneral of the League of Nations to a1l Por,,,ers Signatories of the

I'lcase refer to footnote (z) on page 165. The occurrence of

the rvords "this Declaration" may affect the arqument made

upon exaggeratecl intc'rprclittiotts of lltc tttt'ttttlrrg oI llto lh'r'lttt'nlhrtt

favouring the estnblishtttctrl of t .fcwislr Nrtllrttttl llrttrtt' ltt Itnlmt lttr,
[1ade on behalf of His Nlajcsty's (lrvt't'tttttt'ttl rrtt .tltrl Nlvl'lllll0lr
rgr7, Unarrthorise<l stittctrtcttls ltitvt' ltt't'tt tttttrh' lo llrl lfhtr I lltnl
the purpose in view is to crcltlc lr wltoll.v .fnl'hlr llth'clltt0, I'lttrtrm
have been usecl suc:h as lhltl lhlcsl irrl i* lrt lrt'trtttlt'"tu,lt'wlrlt ttr

iu I'irra.

flngland is Bnglish."

'l'rt'aly o[ ]'eace with Turke;r.

N.Ij.

-'-

Appentlix V

26'.19 of Iraq X(andatc.

r53

go.

\J

llis

Nlrrjcsl.v's

Irvlttttttt'trl llgrtt'rl tttty

rttr lt

expectation as impracticablc anrl l'titvt'ttrt *ttllt ttlttt ltt v['w, Not lltvtt
they at any time contemplatc(I, as ltplrcitl's lo lrr' [r'ttt'r'rl lry lltr' Atttlr
Delegation, the clisappearanco or lltc sttlrot'rlittitliolt of lltl At'nlrlr'
population, language, or <:ttltttrc irt l'itlt'slittr', 'l'ltr'\' wottkl tltrtw
attention to the fact that thc l(,Illl$ ()[ llrc lI'r'lrtt'ttlhrll 1'1'J1'1 t'nrl ll rlrr

not Contemplate that l'alcslitrc tts it. rvltolt,rltnttlrl llrr (nll\, tlltl lttlrt $
Jewish National I-Iomc, but tlrlt sttcll ir llotrlt,xlt,rttlrl lrr, lrrtllttlt'rl l,
Palesti,nc. In this connct:tirltr it hits lrr'r'tt olrxct'vt'rl wlllt rrtllrlnr llrrtt
that at the nccting of the Zionist (lrttgttss, lltl rttl;rt'r'tttl HtrVl'l llllll

fi)

As conttrincrl irr llrc Whitc l'ir1x,r prcsr,ttlr,tl lo I'rtt'lltttttItrl l.tt,l tttt0, lt)/,1
No. l)00).' 'l'ltc l),rssiltlr'r{ rltto(t'tl itt llrl lr)lO Slrlll'llll'lll rllll

((1,,,,,,r,,,,r,1 Irlrpgy

lrr(lo:r'11 rvillrirr

lrlirrlicl', Virlt' I'lrrrr,,ltr.t

ff.

-154--body

of

Zionist Organisation, ireld at Carlsbad in September,

\gzt) a resoliilion rvas passed expressing as the official statement of
Zionist aims "the determinatio' of the Jewish people to rive with
the Arab people on terms of unity anrl mutual respect, and together
with them to make the comrnon home into a flourishing commuirity,
the upbuilciing of tirich may assLli.e to each of its peoples an undisturbed national developrnent.,'
ttrre

[tr1 is also necessary to point out that the Zionist Commission in

Palestine, no*. termed the Palestine Zionist Executive, has not desired
to possess. and does not possess, any share in the general administration of the country. Nor cloes the speciai position assigned to the
Zionist Organisation in Artictre IV of the Draft trIandate for paiestine

imply any such functions. That special position relates to tlie

measures to be talien in Palestine affecting the Jewish population,

and contemplates that the Organisation may assist in the general
delrelopmeni of tlie countr5r, but does not entitle it to share ir.r any
degree in its Government.
I

Further. it is contemplated that the status of all citizens

Paiesl.ine in the eyes of the iaw shall be Palestinian, and it has
never been inlended that they, or a.n), section of them, should possess
any oiher juridical status.

of

iar as ihe Jewish population of

Palestine are concerned, it

appears that some alxong thern are apprehensive that His h{ajesty's
Government malz 6l6putt {rom the polic1'embodied in the Declaration
of i9r7. ft is necessarv, therefore, once more to affirm that these

So

fears are un{our-rdeC, and that that Declaration, re-affirmed by the

Con{erence of the Principal Allied Folvers at San Remo and again in
the Tleaty of Sdi,r-es, is not st-tsceptible of change.

[I]uring the lasi trvo or three generations the Jer,vs have recreated
uow numbering 8o,ooo, of whom about
one-fourth are farmers or workers upon the land. This community
has its o-,vn pclitical organs: an elected assembly for the direction of
its domestic concerns: eiected councils in the towns; ancl an orqanisaiion for tlie control of its schools. lt has its elected Chief Rlhbin:rlc
ilrrl Rabl-rinir:ll Conncil fol the dircctirxi of its rcligious itliuirs. Ils
lirrsint'ss is corrrlttctcrl in Ht,lrrciv as:r \,clnir('ulrrr l;rngtr:rgt',;rnrl ;t
Ilclrlr,rr, l)r'r'\i i(.1'\'('i ils ttt.crls. lt lrlr. il- rlislinclivt' irrlt'llt cttr:rl lifc

in Palestine a community,

I,:(

and displays crtnsitlcntlrlt' ('(onr)nri( :rr livilr' 'l'lri r,nrrnrrrllr llrr,tr,

r.iith ils tolvn and countr-v lloptrlrliorr, ils p,rlilir;rl, r'r,ll11iorr,, rrrl rrr lrll
organisations, its own lltnIuagt', ils owrr t ur;lorrr',, il'r n\r,rr lllr', lrtn ln
fact "national" charitctcrislit:s. \\rlrcrr il is lr,,l-r,rl ul,;rl l, rllrltl lry
the development of the Jewish Nlrliorrrrl llorrrr,irr l'irlr,'llrrr,, lt rrrrrl, lr,
answered that it is not thc iurlrosilion oI rr .f r,lvirlr rlrlir,lrrlll\ llrrlr llr,
iirhabitants of Palcstine lts it rvltok', lrttl llrr' Ittlllrr,t rlr'\ r'l,rl rrr,ll rl
the existing Jewish comttrrrrrit-v, r,villr llrr' ;rs:ri,;llrrrr l ol llrr'r ltr ,,1 lrr t
parts of the rvorltl, in rrrrlcr tlrrrt il ttt;ty ltr',otul ir tlttltl ltr rrlrlrlt
the Jewish people as a lvltole tttay litlit'. ott lit,rttlirlt nl r'lll,i"lt rtlt'l
race, an interest and a pridc. lirr{ irr olrlt't' llrrrl llrr, r r)lrtrrltttll\'
should have the best prtlsllcr:t of It'rt tlct'r'lol rtttlttl ttttrl lrl,r'lrlr' ,r lttll

opportuniiy for the Jewish 1tt'r4rlt'lo tlisl rllrl il', , ttlr,tr ilh",, ll lr | 1r'|tl
tial that it should Iir:ow tlt:tt it is irr l';tllslitrc rr, ul lltlltl ,ttt,l tr,,l
on sufferance. T]rat is tlte rt'ttsott wlry it i'; n('( t'',',lrl1' llrrrl lltt r rl lt tt, r'
o{ a Jewish National FLrnrc in l'rrllslirrr.r,lrottlrl lrl ltrllttltll,,tt,tllt'
guaranteed, and that it shoulrl lrt' lorrrurllv tu l11ttl,r'rl lr tr"rl ttlr',r'
ancient historic connection.

This,then,istheintt'r'1rrt'l;rliott u'lrirlrlli,l\lrrirrl \'',(i,t'r'llttrrrltl

place upon the Decl:rurliott oI tt,; t7, lttrrl, rlr) llllrll't''lrt,rtl, llll' l,r'r lllrllv
of State is of opinion thirl it rlrx's trol t ottl;tilt 'rl lllllrl\ rlrrIllrltril ultI lr
need cause either alltlrn lo lltt',\r'ltlr pol rttlrtlirrtt ll l'rtllrl lrtr"'t rllr

appointment t0 tht'

-f

t'rvs.

For thc ftrllllrrtt'nt ol llris;rolirt'il r', lrr''r' ,tt1'lltrtl llrr' lrrrl'lr

community itt t':rlCsl irtr. sltorllrl l,r';tlrlr'lo iltrtr,t ,t ll 1llllllllx'l' lrl
immigration. 'l'his irrrtrrilirltli,rtt t:tttttttl lrt' ',[ ,'lr'.ll ltt rillttlttr' 't I'r
exceed tl,hatevr:r ttritl' lrt'lltt't'tottotttir'(;llrjlr ll\' rtl llrr'r'rllllll\ tll llrl
time 1.o absorb Itew itt'rivltls. lt iri (':is('lllirrl lil t'lr llll. llr,rl llr| ltrr
tligrattts shotrl<l ttol lrt';t lrttttlr'tt ttltott lltr'1,r'r,1rll,l l',tlr 'lltrr rlI
lt whole, ;tntl tlrlrl tlrt'-t, slrottltl ttrrl rlr'lrt it'r' illl\ ,r'r llr|ll ll lltr' lrtr rlltl
ltOptrllrtirlt oI llrt'il t'lttplo-1'tttlttl. llilltltlu llll llrrlrllIlrtllrrlt lt,rr
tultlllcrl llrcsc corlliliorrs. 'l'ltr. ttttttrl,r't nl lrllllrlf'l,rlrl ltl t llr,
IJritislr (x'('lll)illir)l) ltlt:i lrt'r'tt ;tltuttl .",,""1'
ll 's ttt'ct"r:llttv :tllirl lo ('llslll{' llrlrl 1'r't 'rrll' \\llI rllr 1'r'lrll"rllr
lt'tt
filt,lt'siritlrlc lrtt't.rtlttrlt'rl Itrrttt l';tll'tilittr', llttrl r'\r'l\'lrltrrltllt"ll
llr'l
lll'll
lrr
lrt
llrt',\rlrrrirli;lt;tli"tt
lrlt'n;rtttl n,ill lrt'l;rl'r'tr
II i'; irrllrrtllrl Ilr;r{ ;l:,1rcti;rl totttlttillt'r' 'ltottlrl l'r'I 'l'rl'li ll'l ltt
.l';rllrrlittr', r9t1,ir.litrti ltrlttlly 1[ ttlt'tltlrt't ' 9l lltp ttltt I'r "r 'l'rllrrr
I

(lotrncil elected
by the.people, to confer
with the Administration upon
lrafiers relating to the
,.gul"ti*
oi
i**igration. $;rld,*y
rliffere,ce of opinion
arise betr,veen trri, .on,*ittee
and the Acrmi,istration, the matter

will be ."t...a--iJ ii;s ltulesty,,

CJu.^.i*"r,t,
tvlt, will give it special consia".uii*.'"1,
addition,
under
Articre Br
patestine.
ord.. i"
'f the draft

.r,,siderabte

secti

on

th e pop

a;;;;it, ;ry religious communitv

urart;i} ;;ir;;.";; i"r.

right to appeal, througjr

ilr" disl, i;**rs
strrte, to ir,. L"ugre of
Nations
crutsicler that the terms
",
of the &fanclate"a.e

(iovernment

of palestine.

or

",_llr"r,

";;J;i'fiT.;fi.iT:?T#
not being fulfilled

bv the

\vith reference to the co,stitutio,

whicrr it is now iiitended
to
in parestine, the draft of whi.h
has alrea.y been published,
-.r."..
It. is desirabre to marre certain
pr;ri.
rn the first piace, it
is not the case, as r1.-0..""."r*r.ri.a
est;rblish

ir'rr"

rlrrring lhe war His Majesty

r'C"r..rn,nJ,i,
;r n in ctependm
t rutio,rur government

Arab Delegation, that

.r;*

TJ'"i:J:i:?l,n[f.ltlj
l';rlcrsrine' This representation
mainry ..r,, .,pon a ietter
dated the
r,1l^ Octr:ber, r9r5, from
Sir Henry uo.irun"r, tiren His
1\{ajesty,s

lligh
I

Commissioner in Bgypt,
* in.-ii..rf
lrssein of the Kingdom
of the Hejaz.ff.at

oi

Mecca,

f"it.r-is;;;

,r# f,;*
;:J:r_

ing thc,rornise to the Sherif

oi U...u to...ogrrir" and s,pport
the
irrrk'1rt'nrlcnce of trre Arabs
within ,r* ,o.i,ori.s proposed by
him.
llrrl' t'is llrtxtlise l'as given
subject to
,'tt.r, which exr:rucrecr from its r.;; u r.r..rution macle in the same
other territories, the
;r'r'ri'rrs rf syria lying to the rvest oithe ";;;"g
district

of Damasc,s. This
by His Majesty,s Government
-regarded
i11g rrrc vir;ry.l. of Ileirut
ancl the inriepe,clent sanjak
"rs.rr1'1'1
of
'r'rr.
.fr'r'rrsirh'rrr.
wh.rt. .I r'.rcsti^e ,,.*-oi the
Jordan was thus
(rt lttrh'rl frorn
tcsclvrrlion llrs always been

Sir.

Il.

l,lcMahon,s pleclge-

Nlvt'r'thclcss, it. is thc intentitin

of I{is }Iajesty,s Government to
1,5l11lylisl11ncnt of ;r full
measure of self_government

foslr,r lhc

in
l';r,'rili,c. Ilut thcy :rrrr ,f opinio, that, in
tt" ,p..;ul circumstances
,[ 1,.( r.,u,try, this shoulcl ,. ucc,,ur1.,lirtr.O
ty gradual stages and
s'(l(l(',1y. 'r'he lirst slrll was tirlicn wh.,,'n
'r)l
the instituti.,.f
;r r iril Arlrrrinisr
lr*r
A<rvis.ry

c,rr'cir,

wlrich ,ow
'irti,rr,
',.rinlrt*rr
r'rists, u'lrs.stlrrrrisrr.rr.
rt rv.s
srlrtr,rr lrr rrrc rirr. rry Irrc.iligrr
co,rtrrirri.rr.r'rlrirl trris wrrs rrre rirsr srr'1r irr,ur
trcv*rr4lnrcnt of serftri,rtr,r'rrirrg irrslilrrliotrs,;trrrl il is,,,n, j,,.,,1r,,rurl
1o 1;q11.,, *,.,.,,n,f

ri,r,

._.-

r57

by the establishment
proportion of members

of a Legislative Council contaiuing

a large
erectecr
,rra1 tran.hise. rt lvas pr,pr.rserl
in the pubrished draft that
""
"
three of in, Jr.*o*, of
this cou,c, shourcl
be non-official persons
aominated by the High
Commissioner, but
representations havinq,been
made in
opposition to this prc,vision,
-i"li.tary
based on cogent considerationr,
tt,*
of State is preparerl
to omit it' The Legisratiu.
c"rn.ii
*"rro
,n*
consist of tirc High
commissiorrer
presiaent
as

ora t*oiu"

?'he secretary of state

is of opinion

and ten officiar nrc,rbers.

"i".io
trrrt
rr.ro." a further

nreasure .[
self-go'ernment is extendecl
to palestirr. urro the Assembry
pracecl
controi over the Executive,
it woulci u" *ir" to alrow some time in
elapse. I)uring this period
t,
the institJons of the country

become

we,

r.yill havr:

n""u"i .r.ait w,r be bascrl .n rirnr

foundations, a,cr the paiesti,ian
officials"wu have been c,rrirrlrca
gai.
t.
estabrished;

its

experience of souncl methods

of go;.rrrr.nt. After . ferv yc.rs
the situation wilt be.again
review"C; r;;
-.i if the experierrcr: .f tlre
working of the constitution
now to t"
uorrunecl s. warrirrrterr,
larger share of autJiority
.
wourd trren riJ .*t.na.a to
the crccterl
l,epresentatives of the people.
r

The secretary of state wourcl

point

.ut

trrat arreacr-v thc. ,rese,t

Adimi,istration has transferrecr
to u sup..,oe councir cre<:tc<r
rry th*
l{oslem community of parestine
trr. ,,rti.. .*trol of [,xlenr rcligi,us
'endo'ments (wakfs),
ancr .f the Mrslern rerigious
c.urts. ,rir

rhis
co,ncil the Aclministra.tion has arso
v,llu,tarily restorcrr c,rrsirrcr,rlre
revenlres derivecr frorn a,cient
encrowments whicrr ha<t bct,rr
scr.rc*trated by the Trrrkisrr G'r'errr,cnt.
rllr."m,,.utiorr r)eJxrrtnrcrrt is
'also aclvised by a cornmittee representative
of a, secli,rrs .f the
population, and the Depart*ent
li
Cunrr.,",..e ancl Intltrstry
the
benefi-t of the co-operation
of the charob"rs of Comn:erce^as
whicrr
have beetr establislred in the principut
."rt*. It is the intention of
the Aclrninislr.rirn t. ass,r'i;rte
in .n increilsecr degret, sirrrirar repre_
sentati,t' c,nrnrittt'es wirh trrc
virri,rrs r)e1-lirrtnrcnls ,f lrrt, (i,vernntc.n
{.

'l'lr. s.r:r'r'rlrr'.v,f sr;rrt' rrr'ri.vr,s

rr'rr rr,,rit.v rr1x, lrrr,sr. rines,
t''r11rl.tl u'irh rhc rrrrirrlr,rr;rrr.r,.f
rlrr,Irrrr,sr r.r,rigi,rrs rirrr.rry ilr
'l'rrlesli,c rr,rl r'irrr s.rrr,trr.rrs r.r,gltr.rr
l',r trrr,rigrrt*,r.r,rrr,rr ,.,,,r,rrrt,iry
\t,ilh

l, ils ll.ly l,l;rr.r,s, r,irrrrrrl 1,rt",,,,,,,,,,,1,'ul l;_,,,';';,;';;,,

s.t'ri"s rl rrrr';r.prrirri.rr, irrrrr rrrrrr rt;r,rr
lrris lursis

rr,i,rr.rrt.t.

'lrt'irrrrs

lrrrill

rrJr

llrrrr spi.it rrr' r',..;rr,r,rri,rr trp,rr

wrri.rr rrrr,

irrrrl lrrrrspl,1.ity ol

llrl lloly l,rrrrrl r,,tnt i,rrg,,lf rlr,;rr,rrrl.

rr,ry r,:

rrrrrr.r, r)r.()gr.cnr

Empire, within such boundaries as rnay

befixed b1, them; and
(b) V/hereas the principatr Altried powers
har,,e also agrectl
that the Mandatory should be responsible
(Resi identic.rr with
paragraph (b) of the tgzr Drafr,
Appendix IV).

Appendix VI
MANDATB FOR pAr"ESTrlIE AI,ID TRANSIORDAN.T
(as confirmed on the 24th

ol July,1922)

The Council of the League of lyations

(c), (d), (e), (f) : (d), (e.r, (f), (s)

of 1e2l Draft.
(g) Whereas b). the afore_mentioned Article

(';r)

is provided that the

whereas rhe Principar Alried polvers have agreed,

for
tlrc purpose of giving effect to the provisions of
Article zz of.
I irc Covenant of the League
of Nations, to entrust to a Manrl'rtory selected by the said powers the adminisrration
of the
tcrritory of Palesrine, which forrnerly belonged
to the Turkish
l ) By a resor*tion :rdopted by the
council o{ the
Stlrtcmbcr ,'61h, rg2z, at -the suggestio" -oi tr,""gritishl..eague of Nations o.
Government, certain
lr.visi.rs of thc mandate,for palestine *.r*, ir1..o.dance
with Articre 25
oI tlre I,uk:sline mandate, rleciared ,,
uppii.uni"
(

't.

hc territory hnorvn as Transjordan, rvhicrr comprises

all territory

llirrg to the east of a iine drarvn from a point two

miles
of ttrre
l'wrr.f Aliai,a on ttrre Gurf of that name, up the centre ofwest
the wada
A'r.lxr, r)r':rrl sea and River jorclan to its junction
rvith the River
Vlr'rrrrrli; rhcrrt:e,P the centre of that river
to the syrian frontier.,
lt rr,:rs Irrovi,lt.rl in thc same resolution that

'irr llrt. ;rJrplicittion of tlte mandate to Transiorclan the

action r,vhich,
irr l':rlt'sl irrr'. is lltlien rry trre Administnation of the latter
country,

lr. l;rli.rr lr.,rlr.

:,ltl)('t \ ir,i,)tt

rrrrnrinistrar-itrn

r,I llrr, II;rrrriittgry,;

'r*l rl rlr"rrr. rirr* rr,i'('rrrr.r'ir

irr\,.t llrr,

ilr

rr

lriclr rr.;trl :l:i follo\\.S

of Trairsjordan uncier the

rLl;provcd

treciaration

bv the

wiil

generar

British

'lli:; \l:r.i'': {y's (lr'crrriert accepts f,rl respo*sihirity as 1\1[anrlrl,r'r' l.r';r 'l'1'-11;s'1v;'1rrrn, aurl trrrrrerta[<es that strch provision
as may
lr. rrr;rrl. i,r Ilr.:rrlrrrirristrirti.,.f r'rrat territory in accorcrance wit]r
r\rlir lr, ,5 ol llrr. nr;rrrrlllr,, shrrll lrt: in rro u,rry inr.onsi:itent
with lhosc

;rt,rrir;i,ri.r,ri llrc nr;lrrl,tlc

rtr;r1,1

i,t,lrir.lr

'll,' l',t ilrl l,,,,tn(,tr. lr

i,r'r r,r ,r ll, rl u I lr. t \ i,lr, l,,rr.,

N ll

ilt.(,nol lr-t,llris t.r,solrtliort

<lcclrrr.t,rl

rllr lrlrlr".

(h) confirming the said rnandate, defines

follows

r'

I,1.'irrrlu,rrr.r.

it,s tcrms as

The l\{andatory shau have full po\4,'ers

of Iegislatiorr:rrrrl
ministration, save as they may be t;*lte,t

of rrrrby the rcrnrs.I rlris

mandate.
2.

: 2 of the

1921

Draft.

,.,^ll.^-lj^TO-itory shall, so far as

circumstanccs

rCrcat autOnoli-rV.

pcrrlit.

(,ncr)rrrir(e

4, 5, 6, 7 : 4,-5, 6,7 of the 1921 Draft.

8'

The privileges an<i im,runiiies of foreigners,

incrrr<rirrg tlre Irr,rrt,lrrs
of consular jurisclicti.n ancl protcctio,
a, fo,.*..I_rr t,,.i.,r,rrl Ir.y (.:r,ilrr_
lation or usage in trre ottorna, rinrllir.c,
sharr rr'r rrr,:r,,ri<.rrrrrr,irr
l'alestine.

Un]ess the Povers rvhtlse Ititlirulrls cujo-vt,r'l

tlrc rr[.r.t,-rrr.rrli.rr.rl
privileges and immunities on Aullust
rst, r9r4, shall hrrvs prcviotrsl_y

re'ouncerl the right tr; their rc-cst.r,irishnlcrt,

.r shrrr h:rv. rrgrr*rr
1, thei. n.n-.1l1lricrrlir, [,r;r s,'rc.ilicrr
1rt,ri.rr, rrrr,sr,privirr,llr,s lrrrrl
irnrrtrrriliCs shrrll, rrl rrrt, r,xlrir.rrri.rr ,I rrrt, rrr:rrrrlrrrr,,
lrt, irrrrrrr,rli;rrt,ry
irr llrt'it'r'trli't l-t' ,r'rvillr srr.lr rrr.rlilir;rli.rrs;rs
'r'-csllrlrlislrt'rl
,.r;r' l'r\,(.

- lrt'ctt:ttilt.r'rl ttlrrur lrr.lt,t,r,tt llrr,l\ru,r.r:r (,o,r(.r,ur(,(1.

(). 'l'lrt' Nl;rrrtl:rr,rr'-t' r.rr;ril lrr. r.r,:rlrorr,,irrrr, rlr rlirrr,
rrr;rr rrrr. .irrrrir
:.y'slr.rrr lsllrlrlislrr,rl irr l,;rlr.,rlirrr.r;lr;rll;t:;,,utr.ln
llrr.j;,11q,1..,r,,
lo rr;tlit,r,rr, lt ,,,,rrr;,1,,1r, litr;tr;ttrlr,r. ol I ltr,it.
r

t, Llr lr,rnr 'l'lrr. l\lrrrrrlrrlr.r, St,.lr,nr lrv l\jr

it

n{embers of the League, shail be

explicitly define. Ity t.c
l
Council of the League of ir-ations;

""t

zz (ltaragr:rph tt),

of authority, contror or adminislr.ti.,

rrr
be exercised by the t1**:
n{anclatory, ,ot t auing b.., pr.,ri*.ir'l*..*,
upon by the

i;rr

ur.ll;r:,

ililtl:i.

lir.r:;rlr I lur. 11,,, ;rll.,,rr;rl .,lltlrt,, ol.

llrr. t,1i11:l 1rr.rr1rlr,:; :trrrl
r o1111111111j1ir,. ;rrrrl l,rr llrlir
tr.lili,,rr inlr.rr,,l,, ,,lr.rll lrr. lrtllt, t,rt;rr;rrrlr,r,rl.

-_160

'ln pariicrilar', the control and administration of \i/akfs shall

cxercised
founclers,

in accordance with religious iaw and the dispositions of the

l0:10 of the 1921 Draft.

ll:11 ol the 1921 Draft (rvith

the substitution of the words: "any international obligations accepied by the }tlandatory" {or the rvords : "Art. 311 of the

'I';caty oI Peacc l.ith TurheY."

1),13

i12,73 oI the

1921 Draft.

shall not be appointed or enter upon its functions rvitho,rt the approval
of the Council.

15, 16) 17,

18,19,20 of the

1921

Draft'

'l'hc Manclatory shall secure the enactment within tlvelve months

lrorn this clate, and shall ensure the execution of a Law of Antiquities

t.

lr:rsetl on the foilorvir:rg rules. This law shall ensure equality of

lt.cattneut in the matter of excavations and archaeological research
to thc nationals of all States Members of the League of Nations'
,,Antiquity,,means any construction or any product of human
activity earlier than the year rToo A'D'
(r

(r) 'Ihe law for the protection of antiquities shall proceed

by

by threat.
.\try 1x'rsotr wlto, haviug discovered an antiquity without being
frrrlisltlrl liitlr lhg trttthorisation referred to in paragraPh 5, reports
Ilr(, sturrr, l0lrrr official 0f tl're competent Department, shall be rewardr^rl rtct'ortlitttt to tltt' value of the discovery.

enc()uritgett.t(rnt rather than

nray be disposed of except to the competent

l)t,lrirrlnrcnt lntlcss this l)epzrrtment renounces the acquisition of any

(.r) No anticltrill'

strt'lt ;ttrt irlrrit t'.

No lrnli<prity nlay leave the country without all export license

(t'ottt l ltt' sltirl l)cparlrrtt:ttt.
(,r
Arrv p(.I.s()11 wlro rrrirlit'iottsly ol' rtcgligctrlly tlcstroys or

dama,ge"s

an antiquily shall be Iiable to a penalty

to be fixed.

(S) No clcnring of grouncl or rligging with

the object of finding
antiquilies shirll Ix,,.rnril.tcrl, ,,r,1., p*rJty
of fine, except to persons
arrl.horised by lhc t:ontltclcnt J)epartmcnt.
(r') I'irlrririrlrlc r.rnrs shalr lxr fixecl for expropriation,
o'pc.n*,c,r,,f rlrrrrrs wrrich nright be of historicar o,
r

t4. A special Commission shall be appointed by the Mandatory to

struly, tleirne ancl determine the rights and claims in connection with
lhe Holy Places ancl the rig;hts and claims relating to the different
rcligious communities in Palestine. The method of nomination, the
contposition and the {unctions of this Commission shall be sr:bmitted
to the Council of the l,eague for its approval. and the Commission
f.i, l(r, i7,1S,19,20:

-16I_

be

temporary
ar.haeoiogicar

tcrest.

(z)

Arrtlr.risirri,rr r, r,xcav:rre srral onry be granted

to persons
wh, sh,w srrlficicnr. 11r,rrrnr..s of arcrraeologi.ai
e*perience. The

Administratio,

,f

r)lrrcsrirr. sluril

act in srrt:lr i[ wry irs

r.

r'11'1,,,1.,

grotrntls,

rr.t, in granting these authorisations,

of a,y nation witnour gooa

st:]r,rrrrs

(lt)

ll'hc prrrccrxrs ,[ r'xcirvutions rnay be divided

between the
rh. r:,nrpt.rcnr l)cprrrtnrent in a proportion fixed by
that
I)epartnr.nt. lf rlivisirn s.e.rs i,rpossible for scientific
,.uror"r, ,ha
excav.tor sh.ll rcccivc ir fair ir.rcrcm,ity in Iieu
of a part or the fina.
cxciLviLtor lrnrl

22, 23

22, 2.1 of thr: I02t Dratt.

24:24 <tl tlrc lo2l l)r.rrll. (will) lhc addilion of the

words.,to the satisfaction
of thc Council', :rllt,r lhc r,r,orcl ,,rcport,,.)
25:25 aI thc I92t tr)r;r[t: (with thc acldition of
the r,r,ords : ,,with the consent
of thc Courrcil oI tlrc I,c:rl{uc of Nations,,after the r,vord,,entitled),
25:26 oI r-hc l92r DriLft (with the addition of the worcls : ,,The
Mandatory
agrecs that, if.....,,)

27. The co,sent o[ trre council of the l,eague of Nations is required

for any modification of the terms of this mandate.

28. rn the event of the termination of the mandate hereby conferred

tipon the Mandatory, the council of the League of l{ations
shal
raralle such arrangernents as may be deemed necessary

for safeguarcling

in perpetuity, under guarantee of the League, the rights secured

by
Articles 13 and 14, anrl shail use its influcrce for securing, uncler
flre
guarantee of the Leag*e, that the Govcr'nrent ,f l,rrlcstine
will f,lly
honour the fi'anciul obligations Iegirimatcry irrt:rrrrt,rr lry trrc ArIministration of I'alestinc <luring tht: ;rcrirxl oI Ilrr: rrrirrrrllrtrl ipcludipg
lhe rights of public scrvants lo pt,nsiorrs or. grirtrrilics.
'l'hr'Drcsr:nI

irrsr nrnrt,rrr sluril lrc tlr'posirr.tl irr rrrollirlrl in

tlrr:
of lhc ,l,r.irgrrr, oI Nirl iorrs rirrrl r.r,rl il'rt,rl r olrir,* slrrtll lx: fgr,
rvirrrkrrl lry 'llur lin:relru'y-(itrrrr,rrl .I llrr, l,r,rrp;rro ,l' Nrrli,ns
lo ttll

;r|t'lrivc..i

-163-

-16zMembers

comir.rg into force

I,ebanon.

of the League.

nine
Done at London the twenty-fourth day of July, one thousand
hundred and twentY-two.

ltit

Appendix VII

of this mandate, an organic lirw fol S.yrln nrrrl llu

This organic law shall be framed in aglct,rrrcnl willr llrl rrnllvu

lutrlltrlrities ancl shall tal.,e into account the li11lrls, irrlr,r'r,nll, rlttrl
wisht's oI aI] the population inhabiting thc s;rirl tr,r'r'ilorv, 'l'lrr,
Manrlittory shail further enact measures to [at:ilillrl(, lltl ltlr)f{tltrlvt'
rlcvcloprrrent of Syria and the Lebanon as indepcnrk,rrl liltrlr.r, lt,tul
ing tlrc corning into eflect of the organic law, thc (lrvr,r'rrrru,ll ol flyrlrr
rrrrrl lhc l,cbanon shali be conducted in accor<lancc willr llrl npltll ul
this rnandate.
'l'he Mandatory shall, as far as circunrsturrccs 1x'r'rrril, r,ilr'ililt'rtlltl

Ir:al
T{ANDATE FOR SYRIA AND THE LEBANON'I

(a) The Council of the League of Nations

'l'lrc M:rrrrl:tl()ry may rnaintain its troops in tlrt'slrirl lr,r'rllnry lrrr llr
rk'[rrrt:e. It s]rall further be empowered, rrntil llu't,rrllv lrrln lrrt rr, rrf
lltc org;rnic law and the re-establishrnent of ptrlllic sr,r'llily, lo ntgrrrrlm'
such locul militia as may be necessary for thc tk:fr,rrlr. ol llrr, llt r lllr y,
;rrrrl lo onploy this mitritia for defence and also for llrl rrlrlrrlr.rrnrrrn

Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have agreed that the

territory of Syria and the Lel:anon, which formerly belonged to the
the
'Iurkish flmpire, shall, within such boundaries as may be f,xed by
of
duty
with
the
charged
be entrusted to a L{andatory

(b)

oI orrk'r. 'l'hc,se local forces may only be recruittrl [r'orrr llrt, lrrlurlrllntrlr
of lhc saicl territory

said Por,vers,
population, in
rendering ariministrative advice and assistance to the
(paragtaph
+) of the
accordance r,vith the provisions of Article zz

'l'lrc said militia shall thereafter be urrtlcr tlrr, lrx'rrl ultlltut lllflrr
sulrjt:cl" to the authority and the contlol wlrir:h llrr,Mtrrrrlrrlurv rrlurll
rt,lirin over these forces. It shall not bc uscrl lor l)urlx]lr,r{ ol lrnt llgtt
those above specified save with thc conscnt of llrt, i\4rrrtrlrrlorv,

Covenaut of the League of Nations; and

the
Whereas the Principal '{llied Powers have decided that
the
on
conferred
be
should
above
to
mandate for the territory referrecl
and
it:
has
accepted
rvhich
Government of the French Republic,

(c)

('l'hc third and fourth paragraphs trLlly witlr llrt::r,r'orrrl ;rrrrl llrllrl plurlrrrplrr
of Art. 17 of the Palestine Mandatc urrd Arl. 2 o[ tlrc lrrrrl Murrrlrrlr, l
3:3 Iraq Mandate, cnd 12, Palestinc M;rnrlrlr'.
4:4 Iraq M., and 5, Palestinc M.
5:8 oI the 1922 Palestine Mandatc (lvil h tlu:;rrltlilirrrr ol tlrr, lolkrwhrg
provision at the end of the first parlgraplr).

(d)Whereasthetermsofthistnandate,whicharedefinedinthe
the
articles below, have also been accepted by the Government of
for
of
the
League
the
council
to
ancl
submitted
French Republic

Foreign Consular tribunals slrirll, huwt.r,(,t , (r)nlirrrrr, ln 1rr,rlonrr

their duties until the conring inlo [ort't,oI llrc rrr,n, k'lirrl ullrrrrlnrrlLrrr

approval; and

provided for

(e)

whereas the Government ol the French Republic has undertaken to exercise this mandate on behalf of the League of Nations, in
conformity with the follor'ving provisions ; and

(f), (s), : (g), (h) of thc 1922 Palestine

r.

(l)

Mandate (Appcndix VI)'

9:9, Iraq M.
10:10, Iraq.

6.
r

M.:Ltrtl l{r, I'rrI'slitrt: M. (llrr: lullowlttg lrrovln!rrr ln nrlrlr,rl)

'l'hc religiotts tttissiorrs rrr:ry ll$o ('r)n('(.r'n llu,rrrrr,lvrrr rvlllr r,rlrtr'rtllnlt

rtrtrl rclic[, sttbjccl lo llrr'1.1r'nr,rirl liglrl oI rr,grrlrrliorr rrrrrl rrlrlrll lry

A:i conlirutt'rl :tl I,otttl,ttr oll tlrt 2'1llr ot.Jrlly' l022 (trkcn from Thc

lrv Mr. Nortttltrl llt:ntwiclr),

in Article

o:9 of the 1922 Palcstino M:rnrllrtc (Virkr t,, lrrrrl lll

7:7 Iraq M. antl 10, l'lrlcstinc.M.
8:8, IriLtl M., (Vitlt: 1.5, l':rlcsl-inc M.).

Thc Manciatory shall franre, rvithin aperiod of three years from the

Mlrrxlrrlt,r, Syrilt'rrr,

autonomy.

- n64-

-165-

the Mandatory or of the locai governmeni, in regarrJ to education,

public instruction and charitable relief.
1.1: (the

Art.

firsf paragraph tallies with the frrst paragraph

18, Palestine M.).

of Art. i1, Iraq tr{.

and

Subject to the al-rove, the Mandatory may impose or cause to be

irnposed by tire local governme,ts such taxes and customs
duties as
it may consider necessary. 'rhe Mandatory, or the iocar governments

acting under i1s advice, rnay also concrude on grounds of contiguity

ouy special customs arrangements with an adjoining country.

19' on the termination of the mandate,

the council of the Leaguc of

Nations shall use its influence to safeguard for the future
the furlirment by the Government of syria and the Lebanon oi
thc llnancial
obligations, including pensions and alowances, regurarry
assumccr by
tire administration of Syria or of the I,ebanon during
the period of

the mandate.
20:26,

of the

1922 Palestine M.

Nlil,datory may lake or cause to be taken, subject to the

of paragraph r of this article, such steps as it may think
lrcst to ensure the deveropmen'r of the natural resources of the
said
tcrritory and to safeguard the interests of the Iocal popuration.
'-["hc

prr-rvisions

concessioirs for the deveropment of these naturar resources

sharl
bc granted without distinction of nationarity between the
nationars
of all States l\,{embers of the I,eague of Nations, but on condition
that
thcy clo not infringe upon the authority of the local government.
(.lrrrccssio,s in the natu'e of a generar
monopory sha[ noibe granted.
'l'his cl.use shail in no way iirnit. the right
oi the Mandatory tl create
rrr.,.polies oi a pureiy fiscal character in the interest of
the territory
.f Syria and the n eb'anon, and with a view to assuring to the territory
l lrc iiscal resources wirich wourcr appear
best adapted to the locar

lr.cds,

.r, in certain cases, .l,,,ith a view to developing the natural

r'.sourccs either directly by the state or through an

organisation under

ils control, provided that this <ioes not invorve either directly or inrlircctly the creation of a mo'opoty of the natural resources in favour
.f llrt: Mir.dat.ry or its nationals, nor involve any preferential treatrrr.rrt whic:h w,rrjri be incornpatible with the economic, commercial
ancl
irrtltrstrial cquality guaranteed above.
ll:lJ, Iraq M., and lg, Iralestine M.
I.l:13, Iraq M., and 20, palcstiue M.
l,l:.f

l oI

5, Ir:rq M.

r().

S :1

Llrc 1922 Palestinc Mandate.

lirctrch lrnd r\rabic shali be the official languages of

ill,ria and the

.l,r,lllrrrorr.
I'l :;.4

ol llrc I022

lll:,17 o[ llru

1922

I,:rlt.stinc M. (17, Irarr

Ihlcstinc M.

M.).

Appendix rVIII
IRE,{TY OF

I,.A,USAI.[NE.l

Art. r6.-Turliey

hereby renounces arr rigirts and title whittsrcv.r

over .,r rcspecting the territories situated outside the
frontiers l*irr
do*,n i, thc present Treaty and the islands other thari
th,se .vcr
which her sovercignty is recogrrised by the said rrc'aty,
the frrturc
of those territories and islands being settred or to rre scttrcd r-ry
the parties concerned.2

'I'he llrovisions of the present Articre do not prejrrrJicc

irrry s;xrt:ilrr
ar.argements arising from neighbourly relations which lurvc
lluru ,r
rnay be concluded between Turkey and any limitroplre
countries.

Art. 16.-La

Turquie d6clare renoncer

tous droits ct titrcs, <rc quercluc

nature que ce soit, sur ou concernant les territoires situ[rs

arr rlclir rlcs
frontidres pr6vues par re pr6sent Trait6 et sur les ircs autr.cs
<1ue ccilcs
sur lesquelles Ia souverainet6 lui cst reco,nuc plrr Ic rlit ,l,rairi,
lc s,rt
de ces territoires et iles 6tant 16916 ou i r('glcr pirr k,s irrl{,rcss(,s.
.

Les dispositions du Pr(rsent Arrit:lc nc ;xrr.rt,rrl.

lxrs irrrr:irrl. rrrrx
stipulations particulidres intervcnues ou il irrl.r,rvr,rrir crrtrr: lir ,l,rrr.r1uit,
et les pays Iinritrophes cn raison rle lcur voisirrrr;qr..

(l)
(2)

Sig,crl orr rlr.24trr,f Jrrly., rt)J.r. (Virrr' r'rrr.irllrrrlrrrn il r0 rrrrrrr*ivr.).

'l'lrc frrct lhrrt llrr,,,iglrtrrrln,, rrl.r,ovcrr,rl lrv llr,.rurrrtr,;rrovL,lotr
rrr llltr,

(l'ort

l)

Irrrito'i.r"

!*u)rx)rr.H

horool.

tlrc

^r'gunrcrrt ^rtv^rr'r,rl

l. I',r,g*phir r r r:r iriciurivo

Art' 25'-Turkey

-t67 BIBLIOGRAPHY

undertakes to recoghise the fu,

force of the Treaties
of Peace and additional Conventions
concluded by the other Contracting Powers with the_powers
who fought on the side of Turkey,
and
to recognise whatever dispositions haue"
been or may be made conccrning

Covenant of the League of Nations

The Mandate System :
(published by League,s

the territories of the former German

Empire, of Austria,
o[ Hungary and of Bulgaria, and to
recognise tfr" n.* btui.. ,,iiirr,
their frontiers as there laid down.

The Treaty of

Art'

(August, rgao)

iy L
ll'url<ish Government
authorities, for any reason whatsoever,
over
.or
lhe nationars of a territory placed
under the sovcreignty or protection
,f the Powers signatory of the present Treaty, or
over the nationals
of a territory detached from Turkey.
It is understood that the spiritual

The Treaty
of Lausanne

27'--Irto power or-jurisdiction in poriticar,

regisrative or administ'r.tive matters sha, be exercised ouisicle
Turkish **rrr*

leligious authorities are

Secretariat)

Sdvres

(Juty, ry4)
The Iraq Mandate :
(Final draft presented to parliament,
August, rgzr)
The Mand ate for palesiine :
(Iinal <lraft presented to Farliament,
August, rger)
The Mandate for palestine u"a franrSordan

attributions of the Moslem

in no way infringed.

The

(As r.onlirnrcd by Council of

League of Nations, July, r9a:)
Mandate

The

(As conlirmed by Council of I,eague

of Nations; July,
Mandatcs

for Syria and the Lebanon

ttltz)

System :l
Ity Mr. Norman Bentwich (rg:o)
Palestine of the Jews, past, present,'and
Future :2
lly Mr. Nornlan Bentwich (rSrS)
The Palestine Deception :3
(,,DailyMail,, Inquiry) fy Ml.J.
M. N. Jcffries (rOa.r)
Report of rhe Commissio"
tr,u Foi.rrin.'6i;,Lr::,r;.., of

August, rgzg

:4

(presented to parliament,
Novembcr., r93o)

(,

)'

(:)

Pagc.s

r,2,8, rr-t.i, 16, lg, z7

2, 8, ro, t,l!

(s) 3tt-46

14) r(r,
r.5ll,

:t

t-_t4,

t6,

l'urtgrttlhl; irt this

.

zg,.j,1_,1(i, .1,1:,J r, ,1tr_,18

()7- I .'t,

6.5, rol3,

rto,

t6t, t()l

tr4,-r,3

I, t.l()_t4t,

Stl-lt,t

t.5o_15t,
r

N,ll.

ltool,.

t.l;-147

llt,[r.r,r'rrr.r,s irr llrcsr, nolr,s

itrrlilrrlr,rl

irr

rlo lrol

llrr, lrirllrgr,rrplrs

.5o-ro

t.ov.r,t, r,r,[r,t.r,trlr,rr rrlrr,r.il.tcttlly

llrr,rrrrr,lvr,rr,

_16g_
Report on Irnmigration, Land Settlement and Developmefltl
(Palestine) :
By Sir John Hope Simpson,
(Presented to Farliament, October, r93o)

The V/hite Paper, rg22

Correspondence between the British Govemment

and the
Palestine Arab Delegation ancl Zionist Organization

The Palestine Gazette.

Official Communiqu6s.

Pages

(r) ,)-tr
-z-at,

JJ-J

Paragraphs

lr

5zr 53r 55 . . .

43, 48,5r-56, 6o, 6S-6+

13, rr5
rt6, tr7
tzg ..
r3o, r3r
r

in this book.
zgga.al

2rI_234
237-z3g

z4r
243
244-24?

hT.ts. References in these notes do not cover references specifically

indicatctl in the paragraphs themselves.