9.

2 Manifest Destiny
Names to know

Manifest Destiny
Santa Fe Trail
Oregon Trail
Mormons
Joseph Smith

Amelia Stewart Knight

She kept a journal of her familys five-month journey to
Oregon

Frontier Lures Settlers

The West drew increasing numbers of American Settlers
during the mid-19th century despite hardships of the journey
and the difficult living conditions at the journeys end.

AMERICAN MISSION
The 19th century believed that the USA would inevitably
expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican
territory.

Attitudes Toward the Frontier

The abundance of land in the West was the greatest
attraction. Whether for farming speculation, land ownership
was an important step toward prosperity
As the number of western settlers climbed, merchants and
manufacturers followed, seeking new markets for their goods.
Many Americans endured the rigors of the westward trek
because of personal economic problem in East. Many thought that
they would be better off attempting a fresh start in the West.

Settlers and Native Americans

As American settlers moved west in rapidly growing numbers,
they inevitably had an impact in Native American communities.
Most Indians tried to maintain their cultural traditions.
Some tried to fit in the White Culture.
Others fought to keep whites away from their home

The Black Hawk War

In the early 1830s white settlers in western Illinois and
eastern Iowa places great pressure on Native Americans to move
west of Mississippi River.
A representative of one tribe told chief Black Hawk of the Sauk
tribe about a prophet who had a vision of a big black bird hawk
that was to lead the nations and win back old homes of the
people
Chief Black Hawk thought he was supposed to be the Big Black
Bird Hawk of whom prophet talked about.
He led a rebellion Illinois and Wisconsin territories.

Relations on the Middle Ground

As long as settlers needed Native Americans as trading
partners and guides in unfamiliar territory relations
between them could be beneficial: even pleasant
By the 1840s the middle ground was well west of the
Mississippi, because the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and
other treaties had pushed Native Americans of their lads
to make room for the settlers.

Fort Laramie Treaty

Small numbers of displaced Native Americans occasionally
attacked the settlers moving west.
Government responded by calling a conference with the
Cheyenne, Arapho, Sioux, Crow, and other tribes. The Native
Americans promised not to attack whites in return for land and
annual payments.
Settlers continued to flow westward, trampling hunting
grounds, slaughtering buffalo and elk. While the US government
repeatedly violated its side of the treaty. Subsequent treaties
demanded that Native Americans abandon their lands and move
to reservations.