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2nd YEAR
1 INTERNAL EXAMINATION
SUBJECT: Geo-Technical Engineering-I
st
IV.
The relation between void ratio(e) and porosity(n) is.. (a) n=1+e/1-e(b) e=1+n/1-e
(c)n=e/1-e (d)n=e/1+e
V.
VI.
VII.
The Ratio of the Weight of Water (Ww) and Weight of Solid(Ws) is known as--(a)Water Content (b) void Ratio (c)porosity (d)Degree of Saturation.
VIII.
The fundamental relation between Dry Density(d) ,Water content(w) and Bulk
Density().
IX.
Degree of saturation (s) of a natural soil deposit having water content (w)=15%,
Void Ratio(e)=0.05 and S.p gravity(G)=2.5 is----(a)50%(b)60%(c)75%(d)80%
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
An Unsaturated 100cm Soil sample weight 190gm ,if its Dry weight is 160gm
,water content of soil is ,water content of soil (Ww) ,is----(a)0.188(b)0.288(c)0.388(d)0.488(e)0.588
XIV.
XV.
2.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
3.
Degree of saturation
Flow Index
A saturated soil sample, weighing 178 gm, has a volume of 96 cc. If the specific
gravity of soil solids be 2.67, determine the void ratio, water content and unit
weight of the soil.
II.
The volume and weight of a partially saturated clay sample are 185 cc and 362
gm respectively. After drying in an oven at 105C for 24 hours, its weight reduced
to 326 gm. If the natural void ratio of the soil was 0.54, determine the moisture
content, dry density, bulk density, degree of saturation and specific gravity of
solids.
III.
A sample of silty clay has a void ratio of 0.8. The soil is allowed to absorb water
and its saturated density was found to be 1.92 gm/cc. Determine the water content
of the saturated sample.
IV.
The initial void ratio of an inorganic clay is found to be 0.65, while the specific
gravity of solids is 2.68. Determine the dry density and saturated density of the
soil. Also determine its bulk density and moisture content, if the soil is 50%
saturated.
V.
VI.
The bulk density and dry density of a partially saturated soil are 1.95 gm/cc and
1.80 gm/cc respectively. The specific gravity of solids is 2.68. Determine the void
ratio, moisture content and degree of saturation of the soil
VII.
VIII.
A sample of coarse sand was found to have void ratios of 0.87 and 0.52 in its
loosest and densest states respectively. The in-situ density and water content of the
sand were 1.95 gm/cc and 23%. Determine the degree of saturation and relative
density of the sand in the field. Given, G = 2.66.
ANSWER
1.
I.
(a)sand
II.
(a)0.002mm
III.
(b)0.002mm
IV.
(d) n=e/1+e
V.
es=GW
VI.
(b) porosity
VII.
(a)Water content
VIII.
SHEET
IX.
(c)75%
X.
(d)clay
XI.
sat = sab + w
XII.
(a)100%
XIII.
=(G+se / 1+e)w
XIV.
(a)0.188
XV.
(d) 75%
2.
I.
Answer :
Relative Density : it is a measure of the degree of compactness of a cohesion
less soil in the state in which it exists in the Field. It is defined as,
Relative stability, RD = emax - e / emax emin
II.
state, the three phases, viz., solid, liquid and gas, are completely intermingled
with one another. However, if one can determine the individual volumes of
solid grains, liquid (i.e., water) and gas (i.e., air) presenting a certain volume
Fig.1.1
the water content of a soil mass is define as the ratio of the mass of water to the
mass of solids.
Degree of saturation(S):
the ratio of volume of water to the volume of voids, is known as degree of
saturation.
Specific gravity of solids (Gs or G):
It is defined as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of solid grains to the mass
of an equal volume of water, measured at the same temperature.
IV.
plasticity Index = Liquid Limit Plastic Limit
Liquidity Index = natural water content plastic limit / plasticity index
Consistency Index = Liquid Limit natural water content / plasticity Index
Flow Index =w1 - w2/log ( N / N )
Where
N1 & N2 are the number of blows corresponding to the water
content w1 & w2
10
Solution :
Given
Required
W V G s
But,
e = 0.955
sat
Again ,
wG = se
w = se/G=(1)(0.955)/2.67 =0.358 =35.8%
w =35.8%
3.
I.
Required
d s e n
As e and n are mutually dependent on each other, effectively three unknown parameters
have to be determined from the given data. Select the appropriate equations which may serve
this purpose. The value of d can be determined from :
d
Here,
/ (1+w)
d=1.9/(1+0.12)=1.696gm/cc
In order to solve for the other two unknowns, viz., s and e, two equations are required.
Evidently, the following equations will serve the purpose :
wG = se, or se = (0.12) (2.65) = 0.318
...(i)
=(G+se/1+e)w
Again
Or, 1.9=(2.65+0.318/1+e)1
Or,
e=0.56
d= G w/1+e
or,1.696=(2.65)(1)/1+e
or,1.696+1.696e=2.65
or,e=0.954/1.696=0.56
or,
e = 0.56
s = 56.85%
n = e/1+e = 0.56/1+0.56 = 0.36 = 36%
n=36%
Dry density = 1.696 gm/cc, void ratio = 0.56
Degree of saturation = 56.8%, Porosity = 36%
II.
Solution :
Given
Required
W V Ws e
d w s G
[Here,
Wd = Ws]
d = G w /1+e
Now,
wG = se
Or, s = Wg/e = 0.112.71 / 0.54 = 0.55 =55%
Or, s = 55%
So,
III.
=1.96gm/cc
d = 1.76gm/cc
w = 11%
s =55%
G =2.71
Solution :
It is assumed that the void ratio of the soil did not change due to absorption of
water.
The saturated density is given by,
sat = (G+e / 1+e) w
1.92 = (G+0.8 / 1+0.8) 1
Or, G = (1.921.8)-0.8
Or, G = 2.656
Now , using the relation wG = se, we get,
w = se/G = (1) (0.8) / 2.656 =0.30
so, Required water content = 30%
IV. Solution :
Given
s
Required
sat d w
Dry density,
Or,
sat=(2.68+0.65/1+0.65) (1)
Or,
d =G w/1+e
Or, d = (2.68 1)/(1+0.65) gm/cc
V.
a. Liquidity index , Il =Wn-Wp / Wl-Wp
=29-25 / 54-25
= 0.138
As 0 < Il < 0.25, The Solid is in the plastic state and is Stiff.
b. Activity number ,A = Ip / % finer than 0.002 mm
= 54-25/18
=1.611
As A > 1.25, The soil is an Active soil.
c. The plasticity chart is given in Fig. 1. The point corresponding to Wl
= 54% and Ip = 29% is marked in the figure as P. As this point lies in
the segment marked CH the soil belongs to the CH group.
VI.
We have
Here ,
d = / (1+W)
d = 1.80 gm/cc , =1.95 gm/cc
or,
Again , We have
1.80 =1.95/1+ W
1+W =1.95/1.80
= 1.0833
W = 0.0833
W = 8.33%
Dry density, d =G w/1+e
1.80= (2.68) (1) /1+e
or,
or,
e =0.49
Now ,
wG = se
or,
VII.
We have
and
=(G+se/1+e)w
wG = se
.(i)
..(ii)
=(G+we/1+e)w
or,
= G(1+w)/1+e w
1.88 = (1.88)(1.76) /1.248 =2.65
or,
VIII.
G= 2.6
We have ,
=(G+se)/(1+e)w
= (G+wG)/(1+e) w
= G(1+w)/(1+e) w
According to the given field conditions
or,
e = 0.678
emax =0.87
RD =0.55
As