Stress Analysis

Dr. Eng. Mohamed El-Tantawy

-1-

Example:
A cross section of a concrete dam with
3 m breadth is shown in figure, find the
length (a) so that no tensile stresses
would occurs at its base. (= 2.5 t/m3)

1m

h=6m

3m
0.5m

-2-

Solution:

1m

a 0.5
a
0.25
2
2
a 0.5 a
a

X2
0.5 0.25
2
3
6

X1

4m

Straining actions:
2m

W1

W2

W1 0.5 7 3 2.5 26.25 t

W2 0.5 a 7 3 2.5 26.25a t

h=6

H 0.5 6 6 3 54 t

4.375a 6.5625a 108

N 26.25 26.25a
M x 0.0
a
a

M y 54 2 26.25 26.25a 0.25

2
6

0.5m

X1
X2
1.5m

W1 W2

1.5m

0.5m

-3-

Properties of section:
A 3 a 0.5

1
1.5m

Equation of stress:

0.5m

M
N Mx

. y y .x
A Ix
Iy

3 a 0.5
Iy
12

1.5m

The normal stress at point (1) must be zero

26.25 26.25a 4.375a 2 6.5625a 108 a 0.5
0.0

3
3 a 0.5
2

3 a 0.5
12
52.5a 2 78.75a 634.875 0.0
a 2.81 m

-4-

Stresses due to an eccentric normal force

1. Normal Force acting at a point on the Y-axis :
NN
M x N * ey

N Mx

.y
A Ix

Y
N

ey

The equation of the neutral axis is :

N Mx

. yn 0.0
A Ix

yn
-

N.A

N N * ey

. yn 0.0
A
Ix
1 ey
. yn 0.0
A Ix
e y * yn

Ix
A

e y * y n i

2
x

ix2
yn
ey
-5-

2. Normal Force acting at a point on the X-axis :

NN
M y N * ex

N.A

N My

.x
A Iy

xn

ex

N X

The equation of the neutral axis is :

N My

.x n 0.0
A Iy
N N * ex

.x n 0.0
A
Iy
1 ex
.x n 0.0
A Iy

ex . x n

Iy

ex . x n i

A
2
y

xn

i y2
ex
-6-

3. Normal Force acting at an arbitrary location :

NN

M x N ey

M y N ex

N.A
Iy
Ix
ix
iy
A
A
The equation of the neutral axis is :

ex

ey
X

xn
yn

My
N Mx

.y
.x 0.0
A Ix
Iy

N ex
N N ey

.y
.x 0.0
A A ix2
A i y2
e
e
N
(1 2y . y 2x .x) 0.0
A
ix
iy
1

ey

.y
2

ix

ex
.x 0.0
2
iy

-7-

ey
ix2

.y

ex
. x 0.0
2
iy

at x 0.0 e y . yn ix2

ix2
yn
ey

at y 0.0 ex . xn i y2 xn

i y2
ex

Notes
1. The position of the N.A. does not depend upon the value of N.F.
2. The N.A. lies in the quarter opposite to that the N.F. acts.
3. N=0.0 N.A. passes through the C.G.
4. ( ex , xn ),( e y , yn ) have opposite signs.

-8-

Example:

11cm

The hollow circular section shown in Fig.

is subjected to a tensile force N = 25 t and a
bending moment My = 2.5 t.m, find the
distribution of normal stresses in the
section.

14cm

N=25t

X
M y=2.5m.t

Solution:
Straining actions:
N 25 t

M y 2.5 m.t

A r

r4
Ix I y
4

Properties of section:
A (7 2 5.52 ) 58.9 cm 2
I y 1167.05
4
4
4
2
I y 7 5.5 1167.05 cm
iy
19.8 cm 2
4
A
58.9
The eccentricity of the normal force:
ex

My
N

2.5
0.1 m 10 cm
25
-9-

Neutral axis location:

xn

2
y

ex

19.8
1.98 cm
10

Stress distribution:

N.A
xn 1.98

ey
e
N
(1 2 . y 2x .x)
A
ix
iy
25
10
(1
.x )
58.9
19.8
0.4244 0.2142.x

D 0.4244 0.2142 7 1.075 t / cm 2

+
-

A 0.4244 0.2142 7 1.924 t / cm 2

B 0.4244 0.2142 5.5 1.602 t / cm 2

C 0.4244 0.2142 5.5 0.7537 t / cm 2

-10-

Core of the section

The core of a section is an area within which, if the point of application of the
normal force lies, the normal stresses induced in the whole section will be of
the same kind (tensile or compressive)
The boundary of the core is the locus of the points of application of the normal
forces, whose corresponding neutral axis is tangential to the external periphery
of the section.
Y
N.A3

N1 outside core

N.A1 inside the section.

N2 on the boundary of the core

tangent to the section.
N3 inside core

N.A2

N.A2 N.A1

N1
N3 N2

N.A3 outside the section.

-11-

 Core for the rectangular section:

I x h2
i
A 12
For N . A1

b2
i
A 12

2
x

2
y

xn
ex

yn

i y2
xn

Iy

N.A1
b
6

h
2

0.0

i
h * 2
h
ey

yn
12* h
6
2
x

N.A2

For N . A2
b
xn
yn
2
i y2 b 2 * 2
b
ex

xn
12* b
6

2
h
6

A b*h
bh3
Ix
12
hb3
Iy
12

ix2
ey
0.0
yn
-12-

 Core for the triangular section:

3
2
3
2
I
I
2
bh
h
2
hb
b
y
ix2 x

i y2

A 36bh 18
A 48bh 24
For N . A1
xn
ex

i y2
xn

yn

h
3

2h
3

For N . A2
b
3
i y2

bh
2
bh3
Ix
36
hb3
Iy
48
A

0.0

ix2 h 2 *3 h
ey

yn 18* h 6
xn

N.A2

yn

2h
3

b 2 *3
b
ex

xn
24* b
8

h
3

h
12

b
2

h
6

b
8

N.A1
b
2

ix2 h 2 *3
h
ey

yn 18* 2h
12
-13-

 Core for the circular section:

r4 r2
i i

2
4 r
4
For N . A
xn r
yn
2
x

2
y

i y2

r 2
r
ex

xn
4r
4

A r2
Ix I y

Y
r
4

N.A

r
r/4

r/4

ix2
ey
0.0
yn

Remarks
1. A symmetrical section has a symmetrical core; the axis of symmetry
being the same for both figures.
2. For every corner on the perimeter of the section, there is a
corresponding straight line on the core.
3. For every straight line on the perimeter of the section, there is a
corresponding corner in the core.
-14-

Report
Q1: The section is subject to
compressive normal force N as shown
in Fig. Determine the maximum value
of N so that the max. compressive and
tensile stresses do not exceed than
1.2 t/cm2 and 0.5 t/cm2 respectively.

5cm

10cm

5cm

12 5

15

10

2t/m
4t
II

Q2: Draw the normal stress

distribution at sections I, II in
the shown frame.

6m
1m
0.4m
0.8m

Sec I

6m

0.4m

Sec II

4m
-15-

Q3: A cross section of a concrete dam

with 4 m breadth is shown in figure;
find the length (a) so that no tensile
stresses would occurs in its base.
(= 2.4 t/m3)

1m

h=5m

4m
a

-16-