K.J.

SOMAIYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

MODEL UNITED NATIONS

KYOTO PROTOCOL:-
The protocol was adopted by COP 3 on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan. It was the first
protocol/update to be adopted in the direction of achieving the goals listed out under the
UNFCCC.
OBJECTIVES:-
The objective of the Kyoto climate change conference was to establish a legally binding
international agreement, whereby all the participating nations commit themselves to tackling
the issue of global warming and greenhouse gas emissions. The target agreed upon was an
average reduction of 5.2% from 1990 levels by the year 2012. In 2012, Annex I countries must
have fulfilled their obligations of reduction of greenhouse gases emissions established for the
first commitment period (2008–2012).

COPENHAGEN ACCORD:-
Shortly after agreement was reached, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon told the press that
“The Copenhagen Accord may not be everything that everyone hoped for. But it is a
beginning--an essential beginning.” He said countries have agreed to work toward a common,
long-term goal to limit global temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius and many
governments have made important commitments to reduce or limit emissions. Significant
progress was made to preserve forests and there was agreement to provide comprehensive
support to the most vulnerable to cope with climate change.
However it was met with sharp criticism such as:-
• The accord itself is not legally binding.

• The accord sets no real targets to achieve in emissions reductions.

• The accord was drafted by only five countries.

• The mobilisation of 100 billion dollars per year to developing countries will not be fully
in place until 2020.

• The roadmap for sourcing and mobilization of funds is still not clear.

• There is no guarantee or information on where the climate funds will come from.

• There is no agreement on how much individual countries would contribute to or benefit

from any funds.
 • COP delegates only "took note" of the Accord rather than adopting it.

• Forgets fundamental sectoral mitigation, as transportation.

Thus, with the first commitment period for the Kyoto protocol coming to an end
in 2012 and the Copenhagen Accord failing to generate a legally binding
document that would map out the direction towards a green future – KJMUN
hereby convenes a conference of all member nations for further deliberation and
serious negotiations aimed at generating an environmental pact that would be
"legally binding" and "satisfactory to all parties" or re-emphasizing the viability of
the Kyoto Protocol albeit with conditions prevalent to today’s environmental
realities.