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Site Title: Martini, Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8/e

Book's Title: Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology
Book's Author: Martini
Location on Site: Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of Organization >
Reviewing Concepts: Essay
Date/Time January 3, 2015 at 10:30 AM (UTC/GMT)
Submitted:

1.

Summary of Results
All 12 que stions in this activity are e ssays, which
are not score d by the syste m .
You answe re d 12 que stions, and le ft 0 que stions
blank .
More inform ation about scoring

Proteins are a diverse group of molecules. List four functions performed by proteins.
Your Answer:
Repair and Maintenance, Energy, Hormones, Enzymes and Transportation and Storage of Molecules.

2.

There are many types of lipids in the human body. What type of lipid would be found in (a) cell membranes? (b) ovaries
and testes? (c) subcutaneous fat deposits?
Your Answer:
a) cell membrane - phospholipid b) ovaries and testes - steroids c) subcutaneous fat deposits - adipocytes

3.

The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen in water differ from the bonds between hydrogen and carbon in
carbohydrates. How and why do these bonds differ?
Your Answer:
The bond between the hydrogen and oxygen in water is hydrogen bond while the bond between the carbon
and hydrogen in carbohydrates is covalent bond. Covalent bonds form when two atoms have a very small
(nearly insignificant) difference in electronegativity while hydrogen bonds only form between hydrogen and
oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) or fluorine (F).

4.

If an isotope of carbon has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 6, how many neutrons does it have? Explain
your answer.
Your Answer:
It has 8 neutrons. Each atom also has a mass number, denoted by the symbol A. The mass number of an
atom is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons that it contains. In other words, the
number of neutrons in any atom is its mass number minus its atomic number.

5.

Describe some of the unusual properties of water.

Your Answer:
Some of unusual properties of water is specific heat. It is a self-protective anomaly of water is its very high
specific heat compared to other materials. Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise its
temperature. This means that it is more difficult to raise the temperature of water compared to other
substances.

6.

If pure distilled water has a pH of 7.0, what is the concentration of H+ ions? What is the concentration of OH- ions?
What is the ion product of water?
Your Answer:
The solution with a pH of 7 contains 100nmol/L of H+ and OH- ions.

7.

How does Alka Seltzer act as a buffer in the stomach?

Your Answer:
Alka Seltzer contains citric acid, which buffers the sodium bicarbonate solution so that it's not as strongly
atomic number of an element with seven protons?alkaline.

8.

What is the atomic number of an element with seven protons?

Your Answer:
Atomic number of seven proton is seven because atomic number is numbers of protons.

9.

What are the differences between RNA and DNA? Be specific.

Your Answer:
The difference are DNA is a double helix (spiral ladder) in structure while RNA is a single stranded structure.
DNA has nitrogenous base Thymine while RNA has uracil. DNA has sugar deoxyribose while RNA has sugar
ribose. The DNA stores genetic information in form of chromatin or chromosomes while RNA direct synthesis of
protein in ribosomes.

10.

What is the difference between tertiary structure in proteins and quaternary structure in proteins?
Your Answer:
In the tertiary structure, the 3D dimensional shape of polypeptide chain is showing its overall folding pattern
while in the quarternary structure, it shows the arrangement of individual polypeptide to another.

11.

What is the difference between the hydrogen ion concentrations of the following solutions? (a) pH = 2 (b) pH = 4
Your Answer:
solution with pH 2.0 has 10mmol/L hydrogen ion concentration while pH 4.0 has 100mol/L of hydrogen ion
concentration. This shows that the lower the pH the higher the concentration of hydrogen ion.

12.

Describe the structural characteristics of a phospholipid.

Your Answer:
Phospholipids are types of lipids. It has a glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acids attach to the first two carbon
and a phosphate group attach to the third carbon.

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