T E A C H I N G A N D L E A R N I N G STRATEGIES

Basic Guidelines
D e v e l o p a w e l l - d e fi n e d objective
Assess clients readiness tolearn
S t a r t w i t h w h a t t h e c l i e n t i s concerned about
Assess and start with what theclient already knows; proceedfrom the
known to theunknown
S t a r t w i t h t h e s i m p l e proceeding to the complex
Schedule a review of thecontent
Concept:
Areas of Learning Domain
Knowledge cognitive
Skills motor
Attitude emotional
TEACHING STRATEGIES
1. Explanation and Description
Address cognitive aspect of learning
2. One-to-one Discussion
Addresses affective and cognitive learning
3. Answering Questions
Cognitive
4. Demonstration
Motor
5. Discovery
Cognitive and Affective
Concept:
Learning is more effective if the learner discovers the content for
himself.
(That is, through experience!)
6. Group Discussion
Affective and Cognitive
Sharing feelings during group dynamics
7. Practice
Motor
8.Printed and Audiovisual Material
9. Role-playing
For pediatric and psychiatric nursing settings
10. Modeling
What you say is what you do
11. Computer Assisted Learning Programs
Online review
PROMOTING REST AND SLEEP
Circadian Rhythm
A biological rhythm
A biological clock
Regulated from outside the persons body

Types of Sleep
1. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep)
Increased brain metabolism and activity
Also called PARADOXICAL SLEEP
Characterized by:
o Vivid dreams
o Easily recalled upon awakening
Concepts!
REM sleep is NOT AS RESTFUL as NON-REM sleep
However, REM sleep is NEEDED
Dreaming is a psychological outlet of pent up emotions
Nursing Alert!
Deprivation of REM sleep results to:
o Irritability
o Restlessness
o Poor concentration
2. Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (Non-REM Sleep)
Deep restful sleep
Benefit is that it restores the body physically and psychologically
(especially for post-operative patients)
Concept!
Deprivation of Non-REM sleep causes:
o Physical exhaustion
o Decreased resistance against infection
Wellness Teachings to Enhance or Promote Sleep
Establish a regular routine
Have adequate exercise at daytime
o Avoid stimulating activity by bedtime
Avoid all types of stimulants
o Caffeine-containing foods
Coffee
Cocoa
Chocolate
Tea
Cola
o Nicotine
o Alcohol
Prolongs the REM stage of sleep
It excites the patient like an anesthetic
Not a stimulant
Avoid shabu
Use the bed mainly for sleep
If unable to sleep, get up and pursue satisfying activity
Drink something warm or hot (except stimulants)
o Milk contains L-tryptophan
o L-tryptophan is an amino acid with a natural sedative effect that

induces one to sleep

Do something HOT!
o Twice-a-week masturbation is ideal
o Facilitates release of tension of the day
Side-to-side turning every two hours with back tapping
Support bedtime rituals
Remove all music in order to sleep