Sw

0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75

Kro/Krw
30.23
17
9.56
5.38
3.02
1.7
0.96
0.54
0.3
0.17
0.1

fw
16.127
9.508
5.785
3.691
2.514
1.851
1.479
1.269
1.151
1.085
1.048

0.062
0.105
0.173
0.271
0.398
0.540
0.676
0.788
0.868
0.922
0.954

174.11
97.92
55.07
30.97
17.42
9.80
5.51
3.10
1.74
0.98
0.55

dfw/fsw
260.06
90.39
33.46
13.62
6.32
3.43
2.19
1.61
1.33
1.18
1.10

0.67
1.08
1.65
2.27
2.76
1.000
2.86
0.900
2.52
0.800
1.92
0.700
1.31
0.600
0.83
0.50
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
0.2

Assumed Sw
Sw
0.596
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75

fw
1.282
1.269
1.151
1.085
1.048

Plot Sw vs distance

0.780
0.788
0.868
0.922
0.954

3.25
3.10
1.74
0.98
0.55

dfw/fsw
1.64
1.61
1.33
1.18
1.10

1.97
1.92
1.31
0.83
0.50

0.3

0.

(X)Sw, t=60
91
88
60
38
23

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

Column A

Linear (Column

0.4

Column A

0.3

Column A

0.2
0.1
0
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

100

10
1.000

3.50

0.900

3.00

0.800

2.50

0.700
0.600

2.00
Column D

0.500

1.500.1
dfw/dsw
0.2
0.3
1.00

0.400
0.300
0.200

0.50

0.100
0.000
0.2

0.3

(X)Sw, t=120
181
177
121
76
46

0.4

(X)Sw, t=240
363
354
242
153
92

Column A
Linear (Column A)
Column A
Column A

350

f(x) = 529.3898440765 ex
R = 0.999958164

400

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.00
0.8

0.4

0.5

f(x) = 529.3898440765 exp( -11.4738708546 x )

R = 0.999958164
Column B
Exponential (Column B)

Column D

dfw/dsw
0.3

0.4

0.5

a=529.39
b=-11.47

0.6

0.7

0.8

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

step 4
Step 5

step 6

Step 7

step 1

Step 2

Step 3

step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Step 7

Areal sweep efficiency

Methods of presicting areal sweep efficiency are divided into the following three
phases of flood
1. Before breakthrough
2.At breakthrough
3.After breakthrough

Example 14-11 (T.Ahmed, pp 951)

An oil reservoir is under consideration for waterflooding. The realtive permeability
data and the corresponding water cut are given below:

Reservoir properties are:

Flood area, acres
h
k
phi
swi
Sgt
w
o
Res. Pressure, psi
Bo
Flood pattern
wellbore radius, ft
Predict the recovery performance under a constant water injection rate of 269
bbl/day
Solution
Phase 1. Initial calculations
Calculate PV and Ns (oil volume at start of waterflood)
PV
Ns
plot fw vs sw
Swf =SwBT = 0.469
fwf=fwBT=0.798
(dfw/dSw)Swf = 2.16
QiBT = 1/2.16 = 0.463
SwBT = 0.563
determine kro, krw

kro @ 0.1 = 1
krw@0.563 = .4
M =(0.4/1)(1/.5) = 0.8
Calculate areal sweep efficiency
EABT= 0.54602036+(.03170817/M)+(0.30222997/EXP*M)-0.00509693M
select several values of Sw2 between 0.469 and 0.7 and determine the slope

Plot dfw/dsw vs Sw2

Phase 2. Calculation of Recovery Performance to Breakthrough

Calculate QiBT
QiBT= (SwBT-Swi)
Calculate cumulative water injected at breakthrough
WiBT = (PV)QiBT * Eabt
Calculate time to breakthrough
iw
Tbt=WiBT/iw
Calculate the displacement efficiency at breakthrough
EDBT=SwBT-Swi/1-Swi

Calculate cumulative oil production at breakthrough

(Np)BT = Ns*EDBT*Eabt
Alternately

When Sgi=0, the cumulative water injected at breakthrough WiBT will displace an
equivalent volume of oil
(Np)BT = WiBT/Bo
Calculate the surface water cut WORs at breakthrough
E=Swf-Swi/(Eabt(SwBT-swi)
= 0.2749(WiBT/Winj)
(Np)newly = E
WORs = (fwf (1-Np)newly)/(1-fwf (1-Np)newly) * Bo/Bw

Set up the following table to describe the oil recovery performance to breakthrough

Phase 3: Oil recovery calculations after breakthrough

Sw

Kro

Krw

fw

0.1
0.3
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55

1
0.373
0.21
0.148
0.1
0.061

0
0.07
0.169
0.226
0.3
0.376

0
0.2729
0.6168
0.7533
0.8571
0.925

0.6
0.65
0.7

0.033
0.012
0

0.476
0.6
0.74

0.9665
0.9901
1

40
5
31.5
0.2
0.1
0
0.5
1
1000
1.2
5 spot
1

310320 bbl
232740 STB

0.469
0.798
0.463
0.563

0.8
0.71702

Sw2

fw2
0.469
0.495
0.52
0.546
0.572
0.597
0.622
0.649
0.674
0.7

0.463

103020.1 bbl

269 days
383 days

0.514444

85850.1 STB

dfw/dsw
0.798
0.848
0.888
0.92
0.946
0.965
0.98
0.99
0.996
1

2.16
1.75
1.41
1.13
0.851
0.649
0.477
0.317
0.195
0.102

85850.1 STB

1.111512
0.2749
0.305555
1.491592 STB/STB

Win
bbl

t=Win/iw Np=Winj/Bo
Qo= iw/Bo
days
STB
STB
0
0
0
20000
74
16667
40000
149
33333
60000
223
50000
80000
297
66667
103020
383
85850

WORs
STB/STB
224
224
224
224
224
224

1.49
1.49
1.49
1.49
1.49
1.49

1.2

Qw=QoWORs
STB/day

Wp= Win-NpBo/Bw
STB
334
334
334
334
334
334

0
18000
36000
54000
72000
92718

830
843
500
892
1000
6197
539
325
0
0
6113
3310
20549

5962
890
1025
5000
849
2735
2672
1230
0
0
0
0
20363