Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
OF ANTIOCH
EDWARD
T.
NEWELL
is
EDWARD
large
should
to the
T.
NEWELL
we
can easily and correctly distinguish the issues of Sidon, Tyre, Berytos,
and Ake Ptolemais
but only because, from the reign of Alexander
Balas on, these coins bear such obvious mint marks that they can not
be misread. Some of the later issues of Tarsos and Mallos in Cilicia
But since the appearance of Dr. Cireorge
are also distinguishable.
Macdonald's two illuminating monographs^ dealing with certain Seleucid coinages of Asia Minor, little advance^ has been made and the origin
of the bulk of the Seleucid coinage is still an enigma.
At first sight the vast material remaining seems to present almost
insurmountable difficulties, but the inducements offered to students and
The Seleuhistorians to solve the problem are correspondingly man3\
is
many
rulers
not only
who
issued
1907.
Dr. Imlioof-Blumer has since publislu'cl an article dealing with Seleucid coins in the Kumismatische Zeitschrift for 1913, but while this is important for new material and its association
2
with types already known, only suggestions are made concerning the actual mints. Rev. Edgar
Rogers has also published some Seleucid coins in his collection (Num. Chron., 1912).
The
Seleucii)
Mixt of Axtioch
direction.
" Only the gold and silver issues have been treated with any fullness
as these are the ones
most commonly illustrated in our catalogues. The bronze issues have only been indicated, as it
would be impossible to treat of these successfully without seeing and handling the actual specimens. Furthermore, the bronze coins are seldom illustrated in our catalogues.
and orderly sequence only with the following coin this one
must, perforce, form the introduction to our study.*
into a clear
SELEUCUS
1
II,
24G-226 B. C.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
Diademed head
of Seleucus II to
Circle of dots.
right.
Rsv.
1.).
BASIAEOS
(tor.)
arrow in outstretched
on
tall tripod.
tion, t.
Newell, Plate I
2
London, no. 5
5EAEYK0Y
On
r.,
On
1.,
r.,
1.,
(to
holds
1.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar,
and
of similar style.
side inscription, t.
On
r.,
On
1.,
out-
outside inscrip-
tion, 3(.
The
is
dependant upon
the similar ones struck by Seleucus III and Antiochus III of which we
will treat later.
here see a custom followed which seems to have
been more or less prevalent in Greek regal (-oinages, namely that the
issues of the capital or principal mint of a kingdom bore only magistrates' symbols or monograms
but never any mark to designate the
particular city at which the piece was struck. Thus under the Ptolemies the issues of Alexandria bore only magistrates' marks, but the
provincial mints of Cyprus and the Phoenician coast nearly always
placed mint marks, in the full sense of this term, upon their coins. So
We
had been under Alexander the Grreat. The central mints of Pella,
Amphipolis, Sardis, Halikarnassos, Tarsos, Babylon, and Alexandria
used no distinctive marks to designate the issuing mint, while, on the
other hand, subsidiary mints in Cyprus, Syria, Phoenicia and other
The same thing is true of
localities often did employ real mint marks.
it
the later Macedonian and Pergamene royal issues. While this may
seem a sweeping statement, close ins]e('tion will show that it is essenThe few exceptions that from time to time occur only
tially correct.
The historical notes accompanying t]ns article are based tlirougliout on Bevan,"The
House of Seleucus," and Niese, "Die Geschichte der griechischen und makedonischen Staaten."
Acknowledgment is here made the assistance afforded by these invaluable works.
"*
This custom
is
not confined to ancient times as, for instance, to-day in the United States
New Orleans, Denver, and San Francisco mark their issues, the prin-
Antiocii
8ELEUCUS
III,
226-223 B. C.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohr.
Diademed head
of
Seleucus
(tor.)
2EAEYK0Y (to
1.).
Circle of dots.
rigiit.
BA5IAEQS
Ruv.
III,
1.
bow.
r.,
London
no. 1
(PI.
vii,
6)
Egger Sale
Weber
Sale, no.
4047
Ward
rests
1.
outside inscription, 1.
on
On
outside inscription, y.
Coll. no.
1.,
Jameson
Roll.
&
Coll. no.
Feuard. Sale,
(PI. Ivii)
J.
On
on omphalos,
r.,
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
Diademed head
Seleucus
of
III
Circle of dots,
side inscription,
scription,
Paris, no.
296 (PL
viii,
11)
Egger Sale
xli,
t.
[3].
On
r.,
On
1.,
outside
outin-
Thk
5
JSelkucid
Mint op Antioch
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar to preceding.
J\cv.
Similar to preceding.
On
1.,
out-
1.,
out-
side inscription, V
Paris, no.
299
XIV,
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar to preceding.
inscription, 1.
scription,
London, no.
On
r.,
On
outside
in-
^n.
2.
ANTIOCHUS
III,
223-187 B. C.
For a short time after the sudden death of Selencus III the succession to the Seleucid throne was under debate." The younger brother
of the dead king, Antiochi(is by name, was at this time in distant Babylonia as governor. Fortunately for him, however, his cousin Achaeus
assumed the direction of affairs in the West in his favor until the new
king could himself reach the capital and take over the actual rule. As
were struck
at
Antioch in the
latter's
name
news of the death of Selencus III. In full accord with this assumption we find a large series of tetradrachms closely bound by style
and monograms to those of the dead king and evidently struck in the
same mint with little or no interval between their respective appearof the
ances.
known coins with the portrait of a young boy and the inscription BA2 lAEQS
have been assigned to this period by Droysen and Baibelon and supposed by them
to have been struck by an ephemeral and shadowy Antiochus mentioned in an inscription.
This
and with right as we shall see.
attribution has since been discarded
^
The
well
ANTIOXOY
SERIES
I,
Circa 223-206 B. C.
Youthful Portrait.
Beaded Border.
a.
TETRADRACHM.
Youthful head
Ohv.
to
diademed.
r.,
down.
of
Ends
Antiochus III
diadem hang
of
Rev.
1.).
BA5IAEQS
los,
On
outside
1.,
r.,
rests
inscription,
1.
t'.
(to
on ompha-
left
on bow.
and
ANTIOXOY
Circle of dots.
Bunbury
(to r.)
Newell.
TETRADRACHM.
On 1., outside
Rev. Similar to above.
head but side beard not
inscription, 1 and
and one end of diadem flying.
Egger Sale xli, no. 659, Plate I Sotheby Sale, July, 1899, no. 116 (PI. iii).
Obv. Similar
visible
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Youthful,
ochus
III
to
r.
On
tion,
r.,
On
1.,
out-
outside inscrip-
^.
I.
b.
Fillet Border.
TETRADRACHM.
10
Obv.
ochus III to
r.
Ends
of
diadem hang
and
On
1.,
out-
On
1.,
out-
On
1.,
out-
"^.
I.
TETRADRACHM.
11
Fillet bor-
der.
Helbing, Zschiesche
12
& Koder
689
and S-
(pi. ix).
TETRADRACHM.?
Obv. Similar to preceding.
Egger Sale, xli, no. 660; Egger Sale, xli, no. 661; Egger Sale, 1908, no. 577,
I
Merzbacher Sale, 1910, no. 823 (PL 14)
Num. Chron., 1883, PL v. 1
London, no. 25; Coll. L. Walcher de Molthein, 1895, no. 2920 (PL xxv) Amer.
Plate
'
is
now
The
gold Oktadrachm in the Ilunterian Coll., Glasgow, no. 1, Plate Ixv, 6, of this type,
The
Num.
Soc.
763 (PL
A. Calm
('at.
no.
24,
no.
iv).
Ohv.
Border not
1,
relief.
Jter.
Similar to preceding.
On
1.,
out-
side inscription, y-
visible.
Part
Amer.
i).
TETRADRACHM.
Oini.
Beaded border.
American Numismatic
On
L, out-
side inscription, y-
relief.
15
TETRADRACPIM.
J3
14
Mint of ANTiorii
Sei,eucid
Society, Plate I.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar to preceding.
Nevirell,
Plate
y and
tfJ.
On
On
L, out-
r.,
outside
I.
it
that the
fillet
border
first
appears.
Babelon, Les
rois
de Syrie,
etc.,
The
Sei-ku^ id
Mixt of Antioch
Running
small size are similar obverse, rev. Apollo standing. The monogram
t is found on all of these and, in addition, the letters A (Paris no. 400)
I (Paris, 399, 410, and London 49-51) O (Paris 398) and without letters (Paris 397;
It is not impossible that these letters may form a
portion of a series of regnal dates or the indications of numbered issues.
:
SERIES
II,
Circa 206-200 B. C.
Middle-aged Portbait.
a.
Obv.
to
Elephant type.
STATER.
16
r.
III
Cir-
Fiev.
BASIAEQ2
(to r.)
front, y, in exergue,
cle of dots.
ANTIOXOY
1.)
(to
In
r.
fif.
TETRADRACHM.
17
Obv.
to
r.
BA2IAEfi5
Rev.
(below).
ANTIOXOY
(above)
Elephant to
r.
On
1.,
*f,
on
r.,
M.
border.
Paris, no. 394, Plate I.
18
TETRADRACHM.''
Obv.
SimUar
to preceding.
on
London, no.
1.,
A^,
Apollo type.
STATER.
Diademed head of Antiochus III
right.
Ends of taenia hang down.
Olr.
to
On
ri-
28, Plate I.
b.
19
r.,
Rev.
BA^IAEQ^
(tor.)
1.
bow.
r.,
London, no.
*
If the rather
now seems
3,
Plate II
On
1.,
on omphalos,
r., rests 1. on
ip..
On
an Antiochene
issue,
outside inscription,
outside inscription, [^
common drachms
(to
1).
Circle of dots.
ANTIOXOY
lii).
they would form, in style and type, a transition between the tetradrachm no.
1.3 of the preceding Series, and nos. 17 and 18 of the present Series.
The monogram found on
these drachms ii not unlike that on the Elephant tetradrachm-.
Specimens of the drachm are to
as
likelj-,
be seen in the following collections: London, nos. 30 (PI. ii), 31, .32; Paris, iio^. .39-!) (PL x. 3),
.396: .Jame-on, no. 10*9 (PI. Ixxxv): Xewell (two specimens); Petrograd, nos. 20^. 209: J. Ward
foil., no. 7-<4 (illustrated); Gla.sgow (Hunterian Coll.), nos. 32 (PL Ixv, 1.3), 33.
The Seleuiio
20
op Antioch
.ATivt
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
Head
of
Antiochus III
above
as
flying.
Fil-
Jier.
Similar to preceding.
On
1.,
out-
side inscription, y.
let border.
Newell, Plate II
no.
2t
198 (PI.
Paris, nos.
vii).
DRACHM.
Obv.
Head
as above.
Circle of dots.
Itev.
Similar to preceding.
On
1.,
out-
side inscription, y.
TETRADRACHM.
Obr. Similar to no. 20.
Fillet border.
liev.
inscription,
Newell, Plate II
23
On
1.,
outside
^.
Newell (another).
DRACHM.
Obv.
Border
of dots.
liev.
Similar to preceding.
On
1.,
out-
On
1.,
out-
London,
24
Paris, no.
392 (PI.
ix,
16).
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar to no. 20.
Fillet border.
In this we can but agree with him as being the only possible
solution because of the great number, not only of varieties but of actual
specimens that have come down to us. In proceeding from the point
at which Dr. Blumer left off and studying the succeeding series of coin
issues which appear for every reign throughout the remainder of Seleu cid history we will see that only Antioch could have been the source of
such an unbroken sequence of coinages. When, however, Dr. Blumer
Antioch.
10
The
Seleuciji
Mint of Axtiocii
and
something
else
besid'-s
magis-
TiiK
Shleuc'111
Mint op Antioch
11
the acknowledgment of his suzerainty by Euthedemus and Sophagasenus, and the statement that the Bactrian king (and perhaps the
Indian as well, though our historians do not say so) had turned over
to the Seleucid army a large force of Indian elephants.
These remained the pride and strength of the Seleucid armies until, in later
years,
when
commission
disasters
Rome saw
fit
to send a
ing useless
With
it
all
no. 24
from them.
The
border only for the tetradrachms, is to be noted the smaller sized denominations, such as the stater and drachm, still use the beaded border.
fillet
SERIES
III,
Circa 200-187 B. C.
Older Portrait.
GOLD OKTADRACHM.
25
Ohv.
tor.
BASIAEQS
Rev.
1.).
ANTIOXOY
(to r.)
(to
over right thigh, seated to left on omphaholds arrow in outstretched r., rests 1.
los,
On
on bow.
London,
26
TETRADRACHM.io
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
London,
Coll.), nos.
" To
the piece
ful
1.,
this issue
it
symbol
10 and 11
Egger
may belong
Paris, nos.
BOW
580
1.,
outside
inscrip-
Glasgow (Hunterian
(PI. xvii).
cobnucopiae.
On
IN CASE.
As
with doubt-
The Seleucid
12
27
I\Iint
op Antioch
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
Glasgow (Hunterian
28
outside
In exergue,
inscrip-
A^ K.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
Newell, Plate
BOW
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, ACK.
IN CASE.
II.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
Newell, Plate
30
IN CASE.
1.,
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
29
BOW
On
On
L,
outside
inscrip-
1.,
outside
inscrip-
horse's head.
II.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
Sale, no.
Egger Sale
xlv, no.
On
anchor.
4056), Plate II
Glasgow (Hunterian
The most
(jf
Axtiocii
13
is
preparations for the war against Rome. Or, with more likelihood, we
may see in it an attempt to meet the demand for such pieces in the
Phoenician cities after their removal from the Egyptian domination.
Under the second and third Ptolemies, and at times under the later
ones, many gold oktadrachms (of Phoenician weight) were struck in
the mints of Sidon, Tyre, Ake-Ptolemais, Gaza, and Joppa. When
these mints failed to strike any specimens of this particular denomination the mints of Cyprus and of Alexandria seem to have continued to
worth considering.
SELEUCUS
IV, 188/7-176/.') B. C.
14
still
being
paid.
31
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
r.
Diademed head
IV
of Seleucus
Rev.
to
Fillet border.
BASIAEQS
SEAEYKOY
(tor.)
1.).
On
Glasgow (Hunterian
32
1.,
on omphalos,
rests
1.
on bow.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
Glasgow (Hunterian
On
outside
1.,
inscrip-
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar, but filleted border.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
Glasgow (Hunterian
34
r.,
1.
33
(to
Coll.), no. 2;
On
outside
1.,
inscrip-
WREATH-BEARING NIKE.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
On
outside inscription,
1.
Coll.), no. 4
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
On
outside
inscrip-
In ex-
1.,
ergue, 4.
Newell, Plate II
Guzman
36
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar, but with a circle of dots.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
On
PALM BRANCH.
outside
L,
inscrip-
In exergue, ^.
37
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar to no. 35.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
outside
inscrip-
In ex-
)n
L,
ergue, M.
London, no. 9
311 and 312.
Paris, no.
470
Petrograd, nos.
15
TETRADRACHM.
38
Ohv. Similar.
468
Egger
On
1.,
outside inscrip-
ergue,
Paris, no.
Similar.
Jlvu.
tion,
In ex-
'^.
London,
no. 11.
TETRADRACHM.
39
Obv.
Similar.
Similar.
On 1., outside inscripPALM BRANCH and WREATH. In
life.
tion,
exergue, 4.
Hirsch, RhousopouParis, nos. 462 and 468
London, nos. 12 and 13, Plate III
Egger Sale, xli, 1912,
los Sale, no. 4450 (PI. Iv)
J. Ward Coll., no. 785 (PI. xix)
Petrograd, nos. 305 and 306; Egger
no. 671 (PI. xix); Newell; Amer. Num. Soc.
Coll. L. Walcher de Molthein, 1895, no. 2928
Sale, Jan. 7, 1908, no. 587 (PI. xviii)
;
(PI.
xxv)
Egger
2443
Hirsch, xxxiii,
(PI. xxxix).
TETRADRACHM.
40
Obv. Similar.
liev.
tion,
no. 8
Paris, no.
466
Glasgow (Hunterian
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, 4.
TRE.
London,
Similar.
Pe-
TETRADRACHM.
41
Obv. Similar.
J\ev.
tion,
Glasgow (Hunterian
Similar.
(Jn
PALM BRANCH.
1.,
outside
In exergue,
inscrip(-f
Coll.), no. 6.
The coinage
set
by the
of
last issues of
inate in
The
number
of varieties as well as in
number
of actual specimens.
on the
Tigris,
Tiin
16
and possibly one or tAvo others, are scanty in comparison. UndcT Antiochus III, on the other hand, while the issues of Antioch are very
plentiful and outnumber those of any other one mint, they do not comThis is undoubtedly due
prise the bulk of his coinage by any means.
to the fact that Antiochus' reign was a long one; that his many and
great campaigns kept him in the outlying portions of his empire which
must have thrown a large part of the burden of coinage for military
purposes upon the provincial mints rather than upon Antioch and
lastly his empire was of wide extent comprising many great and popu
;
When Seleucus
involved, would be struck all money for local needs.
came to the throne the empire had shrunk once more to Cilicia, Syria,
Phoenicia, and the provinces to the East including Media. The new
reign was not a warlike one and its energies were spent in trying to
meet the financial drain of the huge indemnity exacted by Rome. It is
most natural, therefore, that the coinage should have been principally
minted at the capital and greatest city of the kingdom, Antioch.
ANTIOCHUS
The
IV,
EPIPHANES,
176/5-165/4 B. C.
IV seems
to have
been the raising of money to meet the terrible drain of the Roman in demnity. The man who was charged with the thankless task of making the people meet this obligation was a certain Heliodorus, a citizen
Not content with the great power he had thus secured he
of Antioch.
and caused the assassination of Seleucus. At this time
higher
aimed
there was residing^^ in Antioch a younger^^ son of Seleucus, and him
Heliodorus caused to be proclaimed king. But there were other and
more powerful claimants. After the disastrous battle of Magnesia and
the peace terms dictated by the victorious Romans, the younger son of
Antiochus III, also named Antiochus, had been sent to Rome as a
hostage. A short time previous to the unexpected end of Seleucus IV,
at the request of the Roman Senate he sent his own son Demetrius as
hostage in place of Antiochus. The latter set out for the East, but on
his way stopped at Athens where he seems to have sjient some time.
It was here that the news of his brother's sudden death reached him.
'^
'
The
this
The Seleucid
He
weut
IMint of Antiocii
17
king of
to Asia
Pergamum who
Summer
B. C. we find Antiochus IV safely installed as the Seleucid king in Antioch. The little Antiochus, son of Seleucus IV, was
done away with, his minister Heliodorus disap])eared.
of
17,")
SERIES
I,
Circa IKI/o^lTO/on B. C.
a.
TETRADRACHM.
42
Ohv.
tor.
border.
BA5IAEQ2
/.'cc.
ANTIOXOY
(to r.)
1.
On
bow.
Coll.), no. 2
43
Bunbury
Coll., no.
r.,
1. on
lvke.
rests
inscription,
4>.
Glasgow (Hunterian
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
Glasgow (Hunterian
LYRE.
On
r.,
In exergue,
outside
inscrip-
4>.
TETRADRACHM.
On I., outside inscripOn r., outside inscription,
exergue, 4
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
TEIPOD.
LYKE.
In
4, Plate III.
b.
45
on omphalos,
Obv. Similar.
44
outside
1.,
In exergue,
Paris, no. 514, Plate III
(to
1.).
Portrait of
young Antiochus.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
tiochus to
Fillet border.
ANTIOXOY
r.)
1.
on bow.
pod.
329
Glasgow (Hunterian
Sale,
(to
On
1.,
on omphalos,
r.,
and
rests
1.
In exergue,
|-p.
London,
no. 1
18
TETRADRACHM.
46
Obv. Similar.
]i<'V-
no.
47
Ward
J.
no.
652
On
Similar.
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, ^.
TRIPOD.
tion,
Coll., no.
Petrograd,
(PI. xi).
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, \^.
TRIPOD.
48
TETRADRACHM.
tion,
Paris, no.
49
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
328
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, 4i-
TRIPOD.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
On
Rev. Similar.
Similar.
tion,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, ("f.
TRIPOD.
50
TETRADRACHM.
tion,
London,
5J
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
no. 2
Glasgow (Hunterian
TRIPOD.
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, /^.
Coll.), no. 2.
TETRADRACHM.
tion,
London,
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
no.
3,
Plate III
Paris, no.
TRIPOD.
330 (PI.
viii,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, B.
Coll.), no. 3.
52
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
tion,
53
On
Rev. Similar.
Similar.
TRIPOD.
I.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, A.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
TRIPOD.
On
1.,
outside
In exergue,
inscrip-
ajc.
The
first
issue of Antiochus
IV
at
19
^*
Niese,
'*
Bevan,
toe. cit., I, p.
300, note
3.
20
of Antiocii
when
Antic )ehiis
first left
already drawn attention to the great likeness which exists between the
should also note
IV and this little Antiochus.^'^
features of Seleucus
We
mon
to both series.
Historical reasons, however, do not permit us to attribute these
pieces to the reign of Seleucus, for, although we know he had a second
son Antiochus by name, he never made him co -regent, and the eldest
son (and therefore heir to the throne) bore the name Demetrius, and
was at this time a hostage in Rome. It does not seem likely that coins
would l)e struck with the portrait of a second son unless he had actually
been proclaimed a partner in the government.
Bevan" would see in these enigmatical pieces issues by the revolting Heliodorus in the name of the little Antiochus whose father he had
But the fatal objection to this theory lies in the fact
just murdered.
that the time during which this Antiochus could have ruled before the
arrival of Antiochus IV who claimed the succession and soon made
good this claim, was far too short to allow the coin production from one
mint to be so great as we know it to have been in this case. The coins
with the infant's portrait are too common, consist of too many varie-
"
"
Loc.
cit.,
Clay, Legal
p. 126,
note
1.
TiiK
22nd
(lay of
Sei,eih'ii)
Mint of Antiocii
21
(_\)
and
is
t>vo names is for the 29th day, lOth month, 142nd yeai-, or 170
B. C. The present writer has in his possession another tablet dated
the 6th day, 2nd month, 144th year (or IGS B. C.) b>if ivitli onhj the name
of u single Antiochus.
This would seem to show that another tablet
published by Dr. Clay and dated 12th day, 6th month, year 146 (or 166
B. C.) and also only bearing the single name Antiochus is to l)e assigned, not to Antiochus
Eupator as has been thought, but, because
our literary sources speak of Antiochus IV reigning until 165/4 B. C,
In other words we gather from the evidence furto Antiochus IV.
nished by these Bal)ylonian taldets that Antiochus IV associated his
infant son with himself in the (Tovernment as early as 174 B. C, l)ut by
168 B. C, at the latest, this arrangement, for some I'eason or other, had
been discontinued in favor of his sole kingship. Now it is to just this
period of double power that it seems l)est to assign the earliest tetradraehms which bear the portrait of the elder Antiochus, as well as all
those which bear the infant's head. The two series are identical in
Prol)ably in
style and fabric and bear in common the symbol tripod.
lironze
series
were
issued
the
following
with
this
coins
conjunction
which have for their obverse ty])e a draped and veiled female bust, for
All of these ])ieces have
their reverse type an elephant's head to left.
our
silver
issues,
and,
in addition, the followtripod,
as
on
symbol
a
as
I
A (Hunter), hP (Hunter), A
ing letters, EK (Hunter), Q (Hunter),
(Paris, Plate x, 12), /^ (Paris, no. 487), and one with same ty])es but
It is to be noted that
a serrated edge and letter A (Hunter, no. 55)
not only have all these coins the same tripod symbol found on the silver
with the
many
them have
monograms. Bronze
found struck for Seleucus
IV. Therefore the attribution to this period seems corroborated. Now
that we also have such a numerous series of bronze coins to place alongside of the tetradrachms jvith the child's head the possil)ility of their
having all been struck by the shadowy Antiochus, second son of Helen
cus IV, in the short time he is sup])Osed to have ruled, rai)idly vanishes
and we are only left with the alternati^T of the first >'ears of the joint
reigns of Antiochus IV and his son Antiochus.
issues but
of
similar letters or
also to be
J'2
SERIES
a.
II,
Circa 169-167 B. C.
Regular
issues.
TETRADRACHM.
54
EOY
ANTIOXOY
BASIAEQl
Rev.
Ohv.
(to
r.)
Zeus, naked
on high-backed throne,
holds Nike in outstretched r., rests 1. on
In exergue, 4.
sceptre.
flan.)
Fillet border.
Glasgow (Hunterno. 531
Paris,
14
and
nos.
13
London, no. 15, Plate III, also
J.
no. 348
Petrograd,
Num.
Soc.
Amer.
ian Coll.), nos. 21 and 22 (PL Ixvi, 13)
Sale,
Cahn
A.
(PL
iv)
Ward Coll., no. 786 (PL xix) Bunbury Coll., no. 491
XXXV, 1913, no. 210 Egger Sale, Jan., 1908, no. 590 (PL xviii) Sotheby, Ashburnto waist, seated to
1.
ham
TETRADRACHM.
55
Ohv. Similar.
with
Ends
of
diadem adorned
In exergue, 1^.
Rev. Similar.
stars.
TETRADRACHM.
56
Ohv. Similar.
with
Ends
of
IV
Paris,
nos. 11 and 12
Amer. Num. Soc. Jameson
1908, no. 4066 (PL liii).
;
Weber
monogram
or
letters.
Newell, Plate
Hirsch,
diadem adorned
stars.
Sale,
London,
no.
532
Coll.,
no.
Glasgow (Hunterian
1697 (PL Ixxxv)
;
The peaceful reign of Seleuciis now began to bear fruit and the
Seleucicl Empire once more liecame a powerful factor in Eastern affairs.
Particularly was this the case when Rome became involved in a mightyAntiochus
trial of strength with the Macedonian kingdom of Perseus.
was thus, to a certain extent, freed from the watchful and ever suspicious eye of Rome and did all that lay within his power to build up and
So successful was he in this that
perfect the Syrian army and navy.
when the Egyptian kingdom, with remarkable lack of judgment and a
poor understanding of conditions, attempted to assert the old claim to
Coele -Syria and Phoenicia (lost to her under 'Antiochus III) Antiochus
IV in two short and equally successful campaigns routed the Egyptian
armies, seized the country from Memphis to the Sea, laid siege to Alexandria and all but (?aptured it. At the last moment Rome, having successfully dealt with Perseus and being in no mind to see Egypt subject
to Antiochus, intervened and forced a peace between the two kingdoms.
Antiochu.s was thus cheated of his prize but gained immense prestige.
The Seleucid
^Fint of Antiocii
'l'^>
of
1^
"">
]5evan,
toe. cit.,
l.")4.
24
the
There are
Fig.
SERIES
b.
Ohv.
r.
Border of dots.
Glasgow (Hunterian
58
Circa 168 B. C.
Commemorative
Issues.
DRACHM.
57
to
II,
1.
BRONZE
Ohv.
Head
r.
Border of dots.
ing to
r.
EFl
ANTIOXOY
I't'ANOYS (to
1.).
(to
r.)
Eagle stand-
on thunderbolt.
IV.
I).
of Zeus-Serapis to
0EOY
(Denomination
BA2IAEQ2
Rev.
wear-
Kev. Inscription
The
Mixt of
.SELEriiD
An'tiooii
Fi". 2.
59
BRONZIv
Obr.
Head
(Deuounuation
II).
of Zeus-Seia[)is as on no.
London, PL
xii, no.
11.
(Fig.
BRONZE
Ohr.
Bust
ending above
(Denomination
of Isis
in
of Isis.
")7.
?,.
III).
wearing corn-wieath
symbol
Fis.
60
/,'(/.
.')S.
Circle of
dots.
London, PL
xii,
no.
lii.
(Fig. 3.)
Fis. 4.
61
BRONZE
0/,r.
V.
(Denomination IV;.
Border
IV
to
Ii'rr.
Inscrijjtion
and types
as
on no.
'u
of dots.
London, PL
xii,
f)f
full list
no. 13.
thr
(Fig. 1.)
known specimens
of tlK'sc
most
interestino- coins
2(>
drachms. The reverse type of the eagle standing upon the thunderOn the one hand,
bolt of Zeus serves, perhaps, a double purpose.
"being the well-known symbol adopted by the Ptolemies of Egypt for
their far -travelling coins, its sudden and passing appearance upon the
coins of Antiochus IV no doubt celebrates the contemporary triumphs
over the Egyptian kingdom, on the other hand it is but a condensed
form of the type of Zeus Nikephoros of the tetradrachms, and is therefore emblematic of the great Hellenic god, now the leading divinity of
the Seleucid kingdom.
Accompanying this drachm and belonging to the same mint and
date is the well-known series of bronze coins in four denominations
described above under nos. 58 to 61. On account of their several types,
which offer a definite and undoubted allusion to the victorious Egyptian campaigns of Antiochus IV, these pieces have ever been thought
There are, however, many
of as having been struck in Egypt itself.
objections to this view which, when taken together, would seem fatal
In the first place it is evident that these bronze
to its final acceptance.
coins cannot be separated from the drachm no. 57, as they resemble it
in style and particularly in absolute identity of their inscriptions and
reverse type. This drachm, however, as we have seen above, is too
closely allied to the tetradrachms nos. 54, 55, and 56 to be thus easily
separated from them and attributed to a distant mint in an alien counThe bronze coins themselves are comparatively common (Svorotry.
nos has altogether enumerated as many as 107 pieces) while Antiochus'
stay in Egypt was of short duration, and sufficient opportunity to issue
so many coins (which there undoubtedly were, since they furnish us
with so many examples) would seem to be lacking. Furthermore, if
these coins had been struck in Egypt"^ and distributed to the people, as
has been supposed, they would have been principally used in that country and consequently foimd there to-day.
Of the seven specimens in
the writer's collection every one came to him from sources other than
Egyptian, and this though on three separate occasions he spent several
months in Egypt diligently collecting many thousands of coins. This
is not meant to imply that these particular varieties are never found in
but that the writer has never seen any there or has never
Egypt
heard of any having been found there. In addition, four of the seven
pieces in his collection were secured from definitely Syrian sources,
another shows a patina (shiny black surface with reddish colored
'"
c.
27
mistaken
ever been unearthed in Egypt. In comparing these pieces with contemporary issues of the Egyptian mints no similarity ex(:-ei)t, in a
Their fabric is
general way, in types and weights, can be found.
utterly unlike anything known for Egypt, but closely approaches the
bronze issues we know to have been struck at this time in Syrian mints.
The only coin that can definitely l>e assigned to Egypt for the period
of Antiochus' sojourn there is the unique piece in M. Dattari's (Svoronos, loe. cit.. Vol. II, p. 2;)4, no. 1422, PI. xlviii, 7) collection which by
style and types is undoubtedly of Egyptian origin, but utterly unlike the
Because both style and fabric of these
pieces now under discussion.
four remarkable bronze coins are so at variance with a coin which we
know to have certainly Ijeen stn;ck in Egypt at this time, because such
records of provenance as happen to be at our disposal point to Syria
and not to Egypt, and because of the difficulties of time and opportuntherefore our conclusion must be that the bronze coins nos. r)8-61
must even go further
can not possibly have been struck in Egypt.
and definitely assign them to the mint at Antioch because of the drachm
ity,
We
This piece can neither be separated fi'om the bronze coins because of type and inscription, nor from the tetradrachms nos. 54-56
because of style, inscription, and the star adorned diadem. These tetradrachms, finally, can only be assigned to Antioch because of sequence
of style and the continued appearance of the characteristic monogram
4 on the preceding Antiochene issues of Seleucus lY and Antiochus lY,
as well as the succeeding issues of Antiochus lY, Antiochus Y, and
Demetrius I. The entire issue, on account of its unusual types and
denominations, was evidently a commemorative one to celebrate the
victories won over the Ptolemaic armies in 169 and 168 B. C.
no.
.17.
28
SERIES
a.
III,
Commemorative
GOLD STATER.
62
Obv.
to
Circa 167-165/4.
r.
border.
XIL
IV
BA^IAEQS
Rev.
OEOY
ANTIOXOY
(to
r.)
11).
vii,
TETRADRACHM.
63
Obv.
r.
Fil-
BASIAEQS
Rev.
0EOY
let border.
ETTI*AN0Y2
(in exergue).
ceding coin.
times to
r.
as
The
gow (Hunterian
Coll.,
64
on the
as
London, no. 22 (PI. xi, 9) GlasEgger Sale xli, no. 684 (PL xix) Jameson
Ixxxv), formerly Sotheby, Rome Sale, no. 165 Petrograd, no. 349.
Coll.), no.
no 1700 (PI.
1.
this issue.
50
Newell
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
r.
Fillet border.
BA^IAEQS
Rev.
(tor.) ETTI<t>AN0Y5
ANTIOXOY
0EOY
NIKH't'OPOY
(tol.)-
no.
65
IV
Paris,
HEMIDRACHM.
Obv. Radiated
Antiochus
IV
to
of
IV,
ETTI<f
AN0Y2
no.
no.
BA5IAEQ2
Rev.
0EOY
r.
66
r.
530
ANTIOXOY
(to
Coll.), no. 27
(to
r.)
Medusa
1.).
Coll. L.
DIOBOL.
Obv. Similar to preceding.
Tripod on base.
London,
IV
The
Mint of Axtioch
2!t
b.
(J.
TETRADRACHM.
67
(Jhv.
to
Skleucii)
Diademed head
of
Antiochus IV
BASIAEDS
AVr.
0EOY
Fillet border.
r.
ANTIOXOY
ETTI<t>AN0Y2 (to
1.)
fto
(in exergue).
waist, one
r.)
NIKH4>0P0Y
to
left
ing
Nike
London,
and IS
nos. 17
68
Rome,
Paris, no.
outstretched
1.,
r.,
rests
591 (PI.
xviii)
on
536 (PI.
Coll.
1.
outside inscription, 4-
xii,
10)
Newell
(PL XXV)
in
On
sceptre.
1669 (PI.
xi).
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Hev. Similar.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
On
L,
outside
inscrip-
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
tion, IS.
London,
69
no. 16
Egger Sale
TETRADRACHM.
Her. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
4c.
70
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
Rev. Similar.
Similar.
tion,
lYI
Sotheby, Butler Sale, no. 250, Plate IV; Glasgow (Hunterian Coll.), no. 48;
Paris, no. 539.
71
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
Amer. Num.
72
On
L,
outside
On
L,
outside inscrip-
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
[o|.
Soc.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion, ni-
73
TETRADRACHM.
Ker. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
Glasgow (Hunterian
xix).
Coll.), no.
49 (PL
inscrip-
M.
Ixvi,
xli, no.
682 (PL
30
The
Selbucij)
Mint op Antio^wi
memorative series
of coins to be struck
nishing us with the final evidence needed to connect these coins with
the celebrations of 167 B. C.
As the games and festivities were held ostensibly in honor of
Apollo, the supposed progenitor of the House of Seleucus and its
patron god, and of Zeus Olympios Nikephoros, now the chief divinity
was most appropriately the beautiful grove and great temple of Apollo at Daphne, just
outside the walls of Antioch. Here was located the famous colossal
statue of that god, the work of Bryaxis, made of gold and wood with
head and arms of marble. In this temple, too, Antiochus as we know,
had shortly before erected a close copy of the chryselephantine statue
The special types
of Zeus at Olympia, the masterpiece of Pheidias.
chosen for the tetradrachms of the commemorative issues perpetuate
these two famous statues. On no. 63 we see the laurel crowned head
of the Olympian Zeus with his smiling and benignant features, on the
reverse of the same coin is displayed the entire statue of the god enthroned, holding out in his hand a wreath -bearing Nike. On no. 64 we
see on the obverse the head of the Apollo statue, on the reverse the
statue itself, Apollo Kitharoedos in long robes, holding lyre and patera.
of the Seleucid empire, the scene of the celebration
Antkicii
SI
which is the particular characteristic of Series III. Because their types were so peculiarly appropriate to the celebrations of
167 B. C. it is quite possible that their issue was continued. In support
of this it must be noted that we have no bronze coins at all of Antio chus IV inscribed with the viKiqcpopo^ title. It is reasonable to suppose,
however, that bronze coins were issued after 167 B. C; and, if so, that
it was these particular pieces because of the very appropriateness of
their types celebrating the Egyptian victories.
The gold stater no. 62 has been assigned to the commemorative
series because of the viKrj(j)6po<; title it bears and because, after the reign
of Antiochus II, the appearance of gold issues in the Seleucid series
always has something of the unusual about it. To augment the ostentation and sumptuous display of the great occasion, what better symbol
of his wealth and power could Antiochus devise than to strike and dis tribute specimens of the beautiful gold stater seen on Plate IV, with
the king's portrait on the obverse and Zeus Nikephoros enthroned upon
the reverse?
Throughout this third period of coinage tetradrachms of the usual
type continue also to be struck. They vary from those of Series II only
title viic7)^6po^
viKr)(j}6po<;
is
The Selbucid
o'i
^Iint of Antiocii
Zeus figure are always parallel and not crossed as they were in the previous issue. While the commemorative issues appearing at Antioch in
the summer of 167 B. C. bear no magistrate's letters or monograms,
the regular coinage, continuing from this date to the end of Antiochus'
Among them we find 4 and 12 of Series
reign, display them as usual.
II and also a new one ITl, whose owner is destined to hold office through
several succeeding reigns.
ANTIOCHUS V EUPATOK,
1G4-1G2 B. C.
Athens
to
pense.
To add
Clnaeus Octavius,
The
Mint of Antio<
Ski.eucid
33
ii
possible
and
TETRADRACHM.
74
Diademed head
Ohv.
to
of
Antiochus
Fillet border.
r.
BASIAEQS (to
EYTTATOPOS (in
Rfiv.
1.)
r.)
ANTIOXOY
exergue).
(to
Zeus
sceptre.
On
1.,
outside inscription, 4.
London, no. 3, Plate IV, also no. 4; Sotheby, Butler Sale, no. 253 (PL vi)
Egger Sale, Nov., 1909, no. 421 (PL xv) Petrograd, nos. 386 and 887 Coll. L.
Walcher de Molthein, 1895, no. 2944 (PL xxvi) Hirsch, xxxiii, 1913, no. 899 (PL
;
xxi)
ham
75
TETRADRACHM.
(PL
vii)
Sotheby, Ashburn-
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
tion, ni-
Newell
H4
iVNTiufii
TETRADRACHM.
76
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
Newell, Plate
IV
Egger
1.,
outside
inscrip-
outside
inscrip-
I.
595 (PI.
xviii).
TETRADRACHM.
77
Ohr.
Similar.
Hei'.
Similar.
(,)n
1.,
tion, hP.
J.
77a
Ward
Plate IV.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
Rev. Similar.
In exergue, ^.
DRACHM.
78
Obv. Similar,
but border
Glasgow (Hunterian
the
Rev. Similar.
of dots.
DEMETRIUS
SOTER,
A-
and
ITI
were
162-150 B. C.
SERIES
79
Circa 162-156 B. C.
I,
Early Issues
a.
1.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohr.
demed,
Young head
to
r.
of
Demetrius,
Rev.
dia-
in laurel-wreath circle.
1.
BA2IAEQS
(to
r.)
AHMHTPIOY
(to
1.).
and cornucopiae
scription,
Bunbury
ceding specimen.
in
1.
On
1.
outside in-
4>.
ps]).
The
35
TETRADRACHM.
80
Ohv.
Similar.
Tyche
Similar, but
//(/.
naked
(also
to
which
is
winged
tion,
J.
Ward
to be seen.
On
lion's leg.
1.,
outside inscrip-
4.
V.
TETRADRACHM.
8J
Ohv. Similar.
Tyche
is
completely
On
in scrolls.
1.,
outside inscripsion,
[j|
London, no. 33, Plate V Paris, no. 709 Petrograd, nos. 391 and 392
Glasgow (Hunterian Coll.), no. 4 Hirsch Sale xix, Nov., 1907, no. 699, Plate V.
Newell
Early Issues
b.
2.
TETRADRACHM.
82
Obv.
Diademed head
Newell, Plate
Demetrius
of
as
Egger Sale
relief.
On
1.,
cut-
[Z^.
xlvi,
Note.
Probably the tetradrachm of Demetrius I, no. 29, on page 47 of the British Museum Catalogue, should be inserted here because it appears to bear the same monogram as our
tetradrachm no. 77a (Antiochus V). As the attribution to Antioch would also depend upon the
style
it
83
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Tyche as on no. 81 but of smaller
proportions.
Newell, Plate
last two pieces
and 80).
84
it is
London,
no. 32
1.,
outside inscription, 4.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar to no. 83.
Newell, Plate
Paris, no.
On
no.
710
2949
(PI.
xxvi)
London,
In exergue,
no. 34
HI
CoU. L.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar to no. 83.
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.,
PL
In exergue. A,
36
Later Issues.
c.
86
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
higher
On
outside
1.,
inscription, 4.
relief.
Cumberland-Clark
87
V.
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
Paris, nos.
1.,
outside
inscrip-
H or r^.
London, no. 27
Petro-
88
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
89
Merzbacher
1.,
outside
inscrip-
[SI.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
Newell, Plate
90
On
London,
No monogram.
no. 25.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Jiev.
Similar.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
tion, /^.
Hirsch, Sale xxxiii, 1913, no. 901 (formerly Egger, Sale Jan. 7, 1908, no. 596)
Plate V.
91
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar to no. 89.
Ohv. Similar.
On
1.,
outside
inscription, p^.
Paris, no. 711
92
(PL
xvi, no. 3)
London,
no. 31.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
tion, p\.
Newell, Plate
93
London, no. 26
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no. 2.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
On
1.,
outside
tion, EY.
Newell, Plate
94
VI
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
Similar.
Rev. Similar.
In exergue.
El.
inscrip-
The
Sei.eu*'!!)
Mint op Aniio<'H
37
over his adversaries just outside the walls of Antioch. It is quite posFor it must be
sible that he actually attributed his victory to Apollo.
remembered that Apollo had been, par excellence, the patron divinity
Anof the Seleucid dynasty down through the reign of Seleucus IV.
tiochus IV Epiphanes, however, seems to have caused Apollo's worship to become of secondary importance in favor of Zeus Olympios. As
a type Apollo was almost completely ousted from the Seleucid coinage
during the reigns of Epiphanes and his son Antiochus V. With the
return to power of the legitimate branch, in the person of Demetrius,
Zeus disappears until the succeeding reign when Alexander Balas (who
gave himself out as a second son of Epiphanes) replaces Zeus and discards Apollo. Demetrius II, son of Demetrius I, succeeds Alexander
and once more Apollo assumes his rightful place. It is quite possible
that in the tetradrachm illustrated in the British Museum Catalogue,
Pi. xiv, no. 3, we should recognize the first coinage of Demetrius Soter
upon his capture of Antioch. There is considerable artistic affinity
between the head on this coin and the heads on our nos. 79, 80, and 81
If this is the case then Apollo was actually
to support this suggestion.
introduced again on the earliest of Demetrius' coinages to suggest the
return of the legitimate branch. When Demetrius finally decided upon
38
of Antioch
a type of more personal significance (is the female divinity on his later
coins really intended to be Demeter?) the favor of Apollo was still retained by placing that god's symbolic plant, the laurel, on the obverse
in the form of a wreath surrounding the king's portrait, a procedure
that at the same time, immortalizes Demetrius as the Victor.
The exact
SERIES
95
II,
Circa 156-155 B. C.
a.
First Issue.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
Diademed head
of
Demetrius
to
BAsIaEQS
Rev.
r.
(to
1.).
Tyche
side inscription,
96
no.
716
Petrograd, nos.
as
(to r.)
on no. 94.
AHMHTPIOY
On
out1.,
f\.
395/6
London
(see
Num.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
Similar.
Rev. Similar.
On
outside
1.,
inscrip-
tion, Al-
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no. 3
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
On
1.,
outside
tion, |_p.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
Similar.
Paris, no.
j^v. Similar.
720
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no. 6
In exergue, hP.
inscrip-
TiiK
title
'^an-qp.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
Similar.
BASIAEQS
liev.
SQTHPO^
On
1.,
(to
r.)
Tyche
(to 1).
outside inscription,
too
yy
of AxTiof'ii
]\Iixt
b.
99
Sei,eui'id
VI
AHMHTPIOY
on no. 95.
:i.s
f^.
Newell.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
]i,T.
On
Similar to preceding.
1.,
out-
Newell, Plate
lOI
VI
London, no.
23.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
By
their
In exergue,
A'cc Similar.
London, no. 24
Egger Sale
xlvi,
The
h-F.
we
will study
Although this title had already appeared upon the Babylonian issues of Demetrius (it was given him by the people of Seleucia
on the Tigris as early as 160 B.C.) it does not appear upon the coinage
that follow.
Antiochene mint until about 155 B. C. as proved by the sucwhich bear the date HNP of the Seleucid Era, that
ceeding pieces
is from October 155 to the end of September 154 B.C.
of the
a.
J02
Dated
B. C.
Oct. 154.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
Diademed head
of
Demetrius
to
Rev.
r.
BA2IAEQ5
2QTHP02
(to
Tyche seated
to
(to r.)
1.).
1.
AHMHTPIOY
Draped
figure
of
On
cornucopiae in
1.
tion, pq
In exergue,
1^
outside inscrip-
1.,
HNP.
London,
t03
no. 6
Newell
TETRADRACHM.
Her. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion, p^
London,
no. 438, Plate
no. 10
VI.
Paris, no.
743
On
1.,
outside
In exergue,
A|.
inscrip-
HNP.
The
40
Mint of Antioch
Sei.eucid
TETRADRACEM.
t04
On
Similar.
^''-
Ohv. Similar.
tion, pq
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, HNP.
l-FI
London, no. 13
Newell
Glasgow (Hunterian
TETRADRACHM.
JOS
On
Similar.
^''''-
Obv. Similar.
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, HNP.
Ml.
tion, pq
I
NP
Dated
b.
TETRADRACHM.
i06
tion, F^
Petrograd, no.
I
London,
no.
Paris, no.
745
On
Similar.
-K^-
Obv. Similar.
1.,
outside
inscrip-
A. In exergue, 0NP.
425 Jameson Coll., no. 1702
;
(PL Ixxxvi).
TETRADRACHM.
J07
Obv.
tion, pq
Newell
Paris, no.
747
On
Similar.
Ji^v.
Similar.
Al.
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, 0NP.
TETRADRACHM.
108
tion, pq
Newell, Plate
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
VI
London,
(-P-
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, 0NP.
no. 14.
DRACHM.
109
Oh,'.
Head
as above,
but in
fillet
border.
BAlglAEOS
Rev.
SQTHPO^
F^ Al
Paris, no.
746
AHMHTPIOY
(to r.)
(toL).
Below,
Cornucopiae.
QHP.
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.),
no.
22
Egger
JO
DRACHM.
Below, p^
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
0NP.
t-f
|
JJJ
to
Oct 152.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
Jlev.
inscription, pq
Newell, Plate
VI
London,
no. 8
On
1.,
outside
In exergue, IP.
of Antioch
41
U2 TETRADRAOHM.
London,
no. 11
outside
1.,
inscrip-
In exergue, HP.
^.
tion, pq
Newell
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
TETRADRACHM.
113
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion, pq
outside
1.,
In exergue,
(-P.
inscrip-
H!P.
London,
and 16;
nos. 15
Paris, no.
752
n4 DRACHM.
Obv.
Below,
WA
IP.
Newell
Walcher
Coll. L.
US DRACHM.
Below,
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Newell Paris,
Glasgow (Hunterian
;
no. 751
Egger Sale
no.
xli,
/^
IP.
694 (PI.
vii)
n6 DRACHM.
Paris, nos.
Below,
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
753 (PI.
xvi, no.
Glasgow (Hunterian
|-P
ZP.
no.
Coll.),
24
to Oct. 151 B. C.
1st Issue.
117
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar to no. 103.
inscription,
London,
118
A.
1.,
outside
no. 9.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
London,
119
On
In exergue, AEP.
VI
Paris, no.
756
/N-
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, AEP.
Newell.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
Rev. Similar.
Similar.
tion,
no.
l-f.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, AEP.
Newell Coll. L.
2951 (PL xxvi); Hirsch xxx, Barron Sale, 1911, no.
Paris, no.
755
42
J20
Axtiocii
DRACHM.
Below, pq
f^
AZP.
London, no. 40
Newell
Glasgow (Hunt-
DRACHM.
n\
Paris, nos.
AZP.
Below, p^ ^J
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Glasgow (Hunterian
22
DRACHM.
no. 37, Plate VII no. 38
Paris, nos. 763 and 764
Glasgow (Hunterian Coll.), no. 26 (PL Ixvii, 7).
London,
435
no.
2nd
t23
hP
Newell
AEP.
Petrograd,
Issue.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
London,
On
inscription,
J24
Below,
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
1.,
outside
In exergue, AEP.
Ml.
no. 19.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion, fi^
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, AEP.
tSj.
I
London,
125
no. 20
Newell, Plate
VI
Egger Sale
xli,
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
pq
^.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, AEP.
DRACHM.
Below, F3
i&i
|
AEP.
Glasgow (Hunterian
Newell, Plate VII
J27
Coll.), no.
28
Paris, nos.
Schulman, White-King
Sale, no.
DRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Eev. Similar.
Below,
P.
AEP.
e.
43
Spring 150.
to
128
Ohv.
in
r.
Circle
of
Beneath
dots.
(erased).
On
1.,
in field,
Rer.
and
BA
throne,
AHMHTPIOY
BASIAEfiS
2f2THP02
1.
(to
On
BA.
inscription
(to r.)
Double cornucopiae
1.).
and design,
r.,
between
On
P.
1.,
in-
between
2A.
J29
GOLD DISTATER.
Ohv. Similar to
preceding.
On
1.,
fiir
Numismatik,
vol.
Egger
VI,
inscrip-
between
1.,
/jij.|
On
[Si.
1.,
outside
In exergue, BEP.
Newell.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion, pq
766
Paris, no.
(London,
nos. 21
lY).
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, BEP.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
'
768
Paris, no.
133
On
IST'.t, p. 2).
inscription, P5
132
between
TETRADRACHM.
I3J
r.,
Berlin (Zeitschrift
t30
On
Rer. Similar.
in
field, B.
Glasgow (Hunterian
tion, P5
rfi.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, BEP.
DRACHM.
Below, p^
ffl
BEP.
Jameson
134
Coll., no.
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Paris, no.
769
Below,
rfi
BEP.
Demetrius ruled his kingdom with a firm hand but, perhaps for
was never able to gain the affections of his subjects,
and by his foreign policies he soon aroused the enmities of neighboring
states.
By 151 B C. a coalition of Ptolemy YII of Egypt, Ariarathes
that very reason,
44
I.
well known gold two-and-a-half stater piece (Paris, PI. xvii, no. 1) was
struck in Antioch along with the last issue of tetradrachms, as was also
the corresponding gold double stater of the Berlin collection. These
gold coins bear the monogram W, the letters 2 A or ai and the date BEP.
The monograms show conclusively that these unusual pieces were struck
at the same mint as our tetradrachms.
Both Friedlaender (Zeit. fiir
Xum., vol. vi, 1872. pp. 2-7) and Babelon (Introd. cxx) have shown
could not possibly have been struck in Cyprus as
suggested by Lenormant (Revue numismatique, 1855, p. 89)."^ Friedlaender, indeed, goes further, and on account of the monogram /N, attributes the Berlin specimen to Antioch.
We now see that both coins
that these coins
'^-
Bevan,
toe. cit., p.
211.
ANTiofii
45
should be assigned to that mint. The immediate occasion for the issue
of these curious denominations was probahly the danger which threatened the rule of Demetrius in 150 B. C. and the consequent necessity
for raising and equipping his army to meet it.
Friedlaender is no doubt
correct in assigning the unusual appearance of marks of value (B and
BA) found on these pieces to the confusion which might arise in disboth having similar types and the differtinguishing the two coins
ence in weight being so slight as not to be easily discernible without
recourse to the balance.
Both the British Museum and Paris catalogues have attributed the
tetradrachms to various mints, e. g. those with the monogram A to
Apamea, M to Antioch, l-F to Heraclea, etc. When all these pieces
have been assembled, however, it is clearly seen that they must have
emanated from one and the same mint. The use of common obverse
dies between coins bearing different monograms
steady and uniform
progression in style and fabric, year ])y year, throughout the entire
series the appearance on all the coins of the one monogram W, and
other minor points place the fact of a single mint for the coins of Series
III beyond a doubt, and if of iSeries III, then too of Series I and II because they are definitely bound together l)y style and community of
monograms. Of all the cities in the realms of Demetrius it was obviously only at Antioch, the metropolis and capital of the kingdom, that
there could have been located the mint that issued such a large, yet
compact and consecutive a series as the one here described. It is certainly the largest and most complete of all that monarch's coinages,
and it is inconceivable that any other mint than Antioch could have
name
Dr.
46
Macdonald
ALEXANDER
BALA8,
150-145 B. C.
Alexander, when he had once become king, seems to have surrendered himself to a life of ease and license. He spent most of his
time in the southern portion of his dominions, particularly at AkePtolemais or in Phoenicia.^ It was perhaps due to this predilection
that the mints of the Phoenician cities of Tyre, Sidon, and Berytos
became so active under his rule. Never -the -less, the mint at Antioch
lost little of its importance and continued to coin, if not quite so profusely as under Demetrius, still in sufficient quantities to make its coins
fairly common to this day.
As yet no coins of Alexander Balas have
been published, of the series attributable to Antioch, bearing the date
BEP, the last year of Demetrius' reign and the one in which Antioch
fell to
the
new
ruler.
SERIES
a.
135
issues).
to Oct. 149.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohc.
r.
(Dated
Diademed head
of
Alexander
I to
Fillet border.
r.)
Rw. BAllAEfi^
0EOTTATOPO2
AAEEANAPOY
EYEPTETOY (to
1.
(to
1.).
shoulder
and
On
1.,
In exergue,
London,
273 (PI.
no. 8
TEP
vii).
2'
Sevan,
loo,,
rfi.
cit.,
p. 213,
and note
3.
The Seleucid
t36
.^Iint
of jVntioch
47
TETRADRACHM.
On
Hev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
outside
1.,
coknucoi'IAE.
In exergue,
inscrip-
rZP
i=f.
J37
TETRADRACHM.
On
Bev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
COKNUCOPIAE,
outside
1.,
inscrip-
In exergue, FZP.
0.
DRACHM.
06i'.
r.
Head
of
Alexander
diademed
to
in dotted circle.
BASIAEQS
AAEZANAPOY
0EOTTATOPO2 EYEPTETOY (to
l!ei'.
r.)
(to
1.).
r.,
rests
1.
On
on bow.
1.,
In ex-
ergue, PEP.
874; Petrograd,
DRACHM.
Ber. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
Jameson
J40
no. 483.
1713
Coll., no.
On
coknucopiae.
outside
1.,
In exergue,
inscrip-
rZP
l=f.
(PI. Ixxxvi).
DRACH?*I.
Obv. Similar.
Bev. Similar.
tion,
On
outside
1.,
COENUCOPIAE and
inscrip-
In exergue,
[Si.
rzp.
Paris, no.
141
873
Petrograd, no.
48.5.
DRACHM.
Bev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
On
1.,
c0RNU(;0PiAE and
outside
inscrip-
In exergue,
E.
PEP.
Paris, no. 872.
b.
J42
Dated
AEP
TETRADRACHM.
and inscription,
inscription, (jp.
4455 (PL
Ivi).
London, no.
z^.
Onl., between
On
In exergue,
1.,
outside
AEP.
48
of Antioch
TETRADRACHM.
J43
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
inscription,
In exergue, AEP.
iSj.
London,
no. 10.
TETRADRACHM.
144
Rev
Obv. Similar.
Similar..
inscription,
Roll.
J45
(PL
xi).
Rev. Similar.
inscription,
Glasgow (Hunterian
,j5.
Rev. Similar.
London, no.
A-
P,
[gj.
On
1.,
In exergue, A-P,
1=^.
9.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
inscription,
Paris, no.
875 (PI.
^.
and
P, |Af.
xviii, 4).
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
inscription, ^.
Egger Sale
149
1.,
TETRADRACHM.
inscription, ^.
148
On
In exergue,
Coll.), no. 2.
Ohv. Similar.
147
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
146
In exergue, AEP.
to^.
&
and
l-f.
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar to no. 138.
In exergue,
AEP.
London, no. 18.
TETRADRACHM.
OJi'.
r.
in
Head
fillet
of Alexander I diademed to
border.
BA^IAEQ^
AAEEANAPOY
EOTTATOPO^ EYEPrETOY (to
Rev.
r.)
(to
1.).
to
ed
exergue, AEP.
London,
The
SELEUt'ii)
Mint of Antiocii
49
c.
TETRADRACHM.
I5J
On
and
figure
inscription,
between
1.,
In
exergue,
Eip, n?.
Newell, Plate VII.
152
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rei'.
Similar.
inscription, ^.
On
1.,
In exergue, EEP,
^.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
inscription, ^.
On
1.,
In exergue, EEP,
ii
J54
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
inscription,
EEP,
On
1.,
cohndcopiae.
In exergue,
K.
155
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
inscription,
^.
On
1.,
156
TETRADRACHM.
Re
Ohv. Similar.
I'.
Similar.
inscription, K-
On
1.,
In exergue, EEP,
IS.
d.
157
TETRADRACHM.
Rer. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
inscription, K-
Egger Sale
603 (PL
158
xviii),
xli,
On
1.,
1912, no. 697, Plate VII, perhaps also Egger Sale, Jan., 1908, no.
monogram
in exei'gue incomplete.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
Paris, no.
881
Plate VII.
ration on leg.)
On
inscription, .
In exergue, SEP, 6.
1.,
50
Antiocii
TETRADRACHM.
159
Jiei>.
Obv. Similar.
On
1.,
Similar.
In exergue, S-
leg.)
inscription,
A.
P, 0.
160
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
inscription,
A.
On
1.,
In exergue, SEP,
J..
TETRADRACHM.
161
Rev. Similar.
Olw. Similar.
inscription,
Glasgow (Hunterian
In exergue,
Coll.), no. 3.
e.
J62
A.
Dated
lEP
TETRADRACHM.
On
Ohv. Similar.
1.,
The
coin catalogued under no. 882 in the Paris catalogue has not
been incorporated here as it has not been seen and seems to vary from
any of the preceding coins in having a monogram under the throne. It
may or it may not have been struck at Antioch.
SERIES
163
Ohv.
r.
II
(Undated
Issues).
GOLD STATER.
Diademed head
of
Alexander
Rev.
I to
in circle of dots.
r.)
BASIAEQS
0EOFATOPOS
|
AAEEANAPOY
EYEPrETOY (to
(to
1.).
164
793 (PI.
xvii, 9).
TETRADRACHM.
In exergue,
TTPO.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
In exergue,
rfi.
The
166
(Seleucid
Mint of Antioch
51
Similar.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
i;,:v.
Similar.
J.
Ward
no.
7'.,1
Similar.
AV/'.
Coll., no.
In exei'gue, \^.
(PL
10); Yale
xvii,
In exergue,
l-P.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Jameson
J69
Paris,
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
168
Rev. Similar.
Coll., no.
In exergue, FT.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
In exergue, ^.
Petrograd, no. 445 (has not been seen, but possibly belongs to our series).
170
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Egger
171
Rev. Similar.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Warren
I7ta
In exergue, A.
VIII.
Similar.
In exergue, M.
Rev. Similar.
In exergue, S.
Rev. Similar.
In exergue, 2.
Rei'.
Coll., no.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
H. R. Drowne
Coll.
J72
of years
ZEP.
(with ^).
DRACHM.
inscription, g.
Glasgow (Hunterian
On
J73
AP
Coll.), no.
10
London,
no. 25
1.,
outside
In exergue, \^.
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
London,
no. 26
H. R. Drowne Coll.
>S-
On
1.,
outside
In exergue, bfi,
inscrip-
The
52
174
Sei.kucid
Mint of Antiocii
DRACHM.
Rev
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
London, no.
175
1.,
outside inscrip-
iOi.
DRACHM.
Egger Sale
On
Rev. Similar.
tion,
VII
B (with
Series
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, 0.
[g]).
DRACHM.
Newell, Plate VII
gow (Hunterian
In exergue,
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
177
In exergue,
24:.
Ohv. Similar.
176
On
Similar.
^.
Paris, no.
802
Petrograd, no.
458
[S].
Glas-
Coll.), no. 6.
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
In exergue,
[S]
j-f.
Series
178
(with feg).
DRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Newell
Rev. Similar.
In exergue, Ug.
Rev. Similar.
In exergue,
W H".
Rev. Similar.
In exergue,
(=S 0.
Rev. Similar.
In exergue, bsg 2.
M9 DRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Glasgow (Hunterian
180
DRACHM.
Ohv.
Similar.
Amer. Num.
181
Soc.
DRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Series
182
(with A).^*
DRACHM.
Ohv.
Similar.
Glasgow (Hunterian
^*
/?,.,,.
Similar.
In exergue,
Coll.), no. 8.
Because of minuteness
this
monogram on
0-
The
JSklkucid
Mint of Antioch
58
DRACHM.
J83
Olw. Similar.
Glasgow (Hunterian
184
Ilfn.
Siniilai-.
In exergue,
liei'.
Similar.
In exergue,
A.
Coll.), no. 5.
DRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
-P-
Newell.
Series
J85
(Miscellaneous monograms).
DRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
liec.
Similar.
In exergue, K f^.
Itev.
Similar.
In exergue, .
Iter.
Similar.
In exergue, UP-
Jii'v.
Similar.
In exergue, A.
Newell.
J86
DRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Paris, no.
188
808
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
London,
189
nos. 19
and
20.
HEMIDRACHM.
Ohv.
Diademed and
Alexander
I to
r.
radiate
head of
in circle of pearls.
1.).
arrow
On
Glasgow (Hunterian
190
BASIAEQS
Uer.
(to
(to
r.)
AAEEANAPOY
Apollo standing to
in outstretched
r.,
L, outside inscription,
rests
1.
holding
1.
on bow.
cornucopiae.
HEMIDRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
and
inscription,
1.,
between figure
1.,
between figure
1.,
between figure
A.
HEMIDRACHM.
and
Glasgow (Hunterian
t92
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
inscription,
[3].
HEMIDRACHM.
R<'v.
Ohv. Similar.
Paris, no.
808 (PI.
On
Similar.
and inscription,
^.
xvii, 12);
Petrograd, no.
4(34.
54
t93
HEMIDRACHM.
Paris, no.
194
Similar.
i^ev.
Ohv. Similar.
807
London,
no. 28
No symbol or monograms.
DIOBOL.
Ohr.
Diademed head
of
Alexander
to
r.
(to
in circle of dots.
Paris, no.
809 (PL
BASIAEfiS
Rer.
1.).
(to r.)
AAEEANAPOY
Tripod.
xvii, 13).
J^
and
rfi
Although
issues of the year BEP, to Alexander's of the year TEP.
Alexander substituted the figure of Zeus Olympios (the old type of his
alleged father Antiochus IV, and his brother Antiochus V) for the
seated Tyche of Demetrius, and the fillet border for the laurel wreath
border, the style and general appearance of the two coinages at Antioch
remain the same. For the year rZP the superintendent of the mint
signs himself cornucopiae. In the following year this superintendent
drops out (or perhaps he simply changes his signature), and the mon-
cobnucopiae symbol, while the subordinates remain the same, with one or two added. There is also a special
issue of tetradrachms for this year with the reverse type of a standing
Athene. The reason for this sudden innovation is obscure though, as
of the
we know from
(e. g.
Brit.
55
many
of these pieces.
would seem that the entire coinage of these undated pieces occurred
at one time, as the style of all is identical and several specimens of
nos. 164, 165, 166, and 170 have their obverses from a single die.
As noted above, the coinage of dated drachms ceases in the year
AEP, but their place is taken for this and the succeeding years by the
undated drachms collected under nos. 172 to 188. On these the same
letters and monograms are displayed as on the accompanying tetradrachms, while their style agrees with the issues actually dated AEP to
It
ZEP.
DEMETRIUS
II
NICATOR.
B.C.
As
^
-''
to
56
sons.
under Alexander.
The
two
i95
14G or early
145-Oct. 145.
in
With monogram
fYl-
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
r.
of
57
Diademed head
of
Demetrius
BASIAEnS
Hev.
II to
0EOY
in fillet border.
1.).
los,
1.
't'lAAAEA't'OY
|
AHMHTPIOY (tor.)
NIKAT0P05 (to
|
I.
on ompha-
on bow.
scription,
r.,
rests
On
between figure and
M. In exergue, ZIP [s^
1.,
in-
196
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
inscription,
fYi-
On
1.,
In exergue,
ZIP
l-f.
J97
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Mer. Similar.
inscription
M-
On
1.,
In exergue,
ZIP
0.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
inscription,
London, no.
i99
9,
1.,
ZIP
|Oi.
8.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
inscription,
Jameson
200
M.
On
In exergue,
Coll., no.
M.
On
1.,
In exergue,
ZIP
;^.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
inscription,
M.
On
1.,
In exergue,
ZIP^'
b.
201
With
[ZS]
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
On
PALM BRANCH.
In exergue,
Sotheby, Bunbury Coll., no. 524, Plate VIII.
ZIP A.
1.,
On
[3].
outside
1.,
inscrip-
between
fig-
The
58
SELEtrciD ]\Iixt op
Axtioch
TETRADRACHM.
202
Ohv.
Rev. Similar.
Similar.
tion,
On
1.,
ure and
inscription,
In exergue,
ZIP
outside inscrip-
On
PALM BRANCH.
1.,
between
fig-
[S].
rfi.
203
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
On
1.,
In exergue,
outside
On
PALjr BRANCH.
1.,
inscrip-
between
fig-
[ZS].
ZEP )^
Newell.
204
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
On
In exergue,
.1.,
outside inscrip-
On
PALM BRANCH.
1.,
between
fig-
[S].
ZEP ^.
205
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
On
In exergue,
].,
outside inscrip-
On
PALM BRANCH.
1.,
between
fig-
[S].
ZEP f .2"
206
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar,
On
PALM BRANCH.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
border.
Q.
1.,
outside
On
1.,
inscrip-
between
Between
In exergue, ZEP.
[5].
fig-
feet of
VIII.
TETRADRACHM.
border.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
On
palm branch.
1.,
outside inscrip-
In exergue, HEP.
The
59
TETRADRACHM.
208
Obv. Similar.
Similar.
1,'er.
On
PALM BRANCH.
tion,
[Si.
672 (PL
no.
(PL
Ivi);
inscrip-
On
outside
1.,
is
[2S1.
said to possess a
fillet
xi).
TETRADRACHM.
209
Obv. Similar.
Similar.
liev.
On
outside
L,
On
PALM BKANCH.^^
tion,
L,
Between
[A].
In exergue, HEP.
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no. 3
(PL
insciip-
between
fig-
feet of
Ixvii, 18).
TETRADRACHM.
209a
Obv. Similar.
On
PALM BRANCH.
Rev. Similar.
outside
L,
On
inscrip-
\\
L,
S83, p.
DRACHM.
Obv.
Diademed head
of
Demetrius
II to
BASIAEn^
AHMHTPIOY(to r.)
GEOY <t>IAAAEA<t>OY NIKAT0P02 (to
Apollo as above.
On L, between figL).
Rev.
r.
in dotted circle.
Apollo, He.
Between
[?s].
In exergue,
HEP
feet of
(?).3o
in
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Iter.
Similar.
iO|.
London,
212
no. 12
Egger Sale
xli,
On
L,
Between
In exergue, HEP.
inscription,
p^.
feet of Apollo,
DRACHM.
On L, between figure and
Between feet of Apollo,
In exergue, H^P.
Rev. Similai'.
Obv. Similar.
inscription, P^.
K.
Jameson
Coll., no.
The reverse design having been struck a Httle to one side it is impossible to determine if
PALM BRANCH was originally on this die or not. Its presence, though, is probable.
2^ The stem of the palm branch is just visible.
^ The date is obscure.
Babelon suggests ZEP, but as all the other known drachms are HEP
2'
the
it
60
213
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
STAR.
inscription,
Newell
214
London, no. 13
1.,
outside
1.,
inscrip-
Between
feet, P^.
with
fillet
Rev. Similar.
border.
and
5.
Glasgow (Hunterian
|0|.
On
1.,
between
Between
In exergue, H-P.
inscription,
Apollo,
^.
figure
feet
of
Coll.), no. 4.
HEMIDRACHM.
Ohv.
r.
IS).
On
DRACHM.
2J5
On
Diademed head
of
Demetrius
n to
in dotted circle.
(to
r.)
AHMHTPIOY
1.).
on bow.
Egger Sale
xli,
The
issue of
first
In front of figure,
[S]
rests
r.,
1.,
1.
of
magistrates.
of
some
The
chief official is
now
lA],
monograms
of the ofiiciating
with a few new ones. To emphaDemetrius, just before the close of the year ZEP, sub-
The
Selkicii) IMint of
Antkh
61
ii
stitiitcs a laurel wreath for the more usual fillet border which he had
placed on the ohvei'se of his t('tradra(diiiis at the hciiinniiiu' of his reiii'n
(see Plate A'lII, no. L'dd and following)
The issues of year HEP continue as in the ])reAdous year wdth N as
magistrate.
chief
drachms and
This year
also a
is
hemidrachm
siii-iialized
(no. -\^)]
by a plenteous issue of
The majority
of the sub-
for ArLtioch
ai-e
series of three
somewliat obscure,
denominations as
show
tetradrachms.
these
contemporary
with
tetradra<dims.
bronze coins are therefore
wdiich
is
AXTIOCHUS VI mOXYSUS.
It
of the
The
In Autio.di, 144-141! B. C.
how
whom we know
Tryphon, revolted against the little Demetrius and declared for Antiochus, the infant child of Alexander Bala-s. The I'evolt originated at
Apamea"' but soon spivad to Antioch, Demetrius fled to Seh'ucia, and
Antio(dms with his
He, however, was
of
Phoenician
cc)ast
w^hich remained
cities
secure
the
the
unable to
loyal to Demetrius throughout the remainder of that monarch's first
in the course of the IGSth year of the Sel(Hici<l Era,
prote(dr>r
capital in triumph.
reign.
It
1912, no,
xli,
62
of
144-October 144.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
tiochus
Diademed and
VI
to
radiate head of
An-
in fillet border.
r.
Rev.
ETTI*AN0Y2
the whole in
London,
217
no. 1, Plate
VIII.
TETRADRACHM.
of
diadem are
flying.
Egger Sale
2t8
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Beneath
London
(see
Num.
horses,
Behind
HEP.
riders,
TPY
rfi.
|
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar. Behind
Beneath horses, HEP.
Ohv. Similar.
220
K^.
VIII.
Ohv. Similar.
219
TPY
riders,
TPY
riders,
fOi.
x, 9).
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar, but with thyrsos in front
Ohv. Similar.
Behind
of Dioscuri.
riders,
TPY
K.
|
Be-
221
xviii).
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar,
with
thyrsos.
Behind
Beneath horses, HEP.
TPY
riders,
XSotheby,
|
114 (PL
222
(PL xv)
Guzman
vi).
DRACHM.
Ohv.
Diademed and
radiate head of
An-
BAIIAEO^ ANTIOXOY
ETTI<)>AN0Y2 AI0NY20Y (toL).
Rev.
tiochus
VI
to
r.
in circle of dots.
(to
r.)
Apollo,
seated to
outstretched
outside
Between
HEP.
J.
Num.
Ward
xii, p.
IX
r.,
rests
on bow.
On
L,
bukch of grapes.
feet of Apollo, K.
Glasgow (Hunterian
(PL x, 9j.
253, no 21
1.
inscription,
Coll.), no. 3
In exergue,
E. Rogers,
of Antiocii
63
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Similar.
On 1., outside inscripBUNCH OF GRAPES. Between feet
/,Vy.
tion,
In exergue, HEP.
of Apollo, f\.
Newell.
224
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
of Apollo,
If^
X-
exergue, HEP.
Newell.
225
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Similar.
On 1., outside inscripBUNCH OF GRAPES. Between feet
A'cc.
tion,
of Apollo,
Egger Sale
226
In exergue, HEP.
rfi.
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
In exergue, HEP.
of Apollo, P\.
Glasgow (Hunterian
227
Coll.), no. 4.
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
of Apollo,
London,
no. 7
Glasgow (Hunterian
Dated eEP,
228
^.
In exergue,
HEP.
Coll.), no. 5.
(Jet.
144-Oct. 143.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar to
star
be-
hind head.
Behind
horses,
riders,
TPY
ITT
|
rfi.
Beneath
0EP.
229
TETRADRACHM.
no
star.
TPY
|
0EP.
London, no. 4
and 991.
|^
2TA.
|
Behind
Beneath horses,
64
230
TETRADRACHM.
TPY
ers,
horses,
531 (PI. V)
23J
or
^TA.
rid-
Beneath
SEP.
;
TETRADRACHM.
Egger Sale
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
232
Behind
xlv, no.
2TA.
Hoffmann
717 (PL
f\
iv).
TETRADRACHM.
Behind riders, TPY
Beneath horses, IP.
Hirsch Sale xxxii, 1912, no. 582 (PL xxii)
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
<1>
2TA.
3,
Plate VIII
TETRADRACHM.
Behind riders, TPY
Beneath horses, 0EP.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
STA.
Egger Sale
234
xiii);
(PL
1087
vi).
TETRADRACHM.
Behind riders, TPY
Beneath horses, EP.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
^TA.
[AF
235
DRACHM.
ergue,
London, no.
236
outside
In ex-
0EP STA.
8.
DRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
bf
Newell
237
On L,
bdnch of grapes.
Paris, nos.
In exergue,
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
'X-
London,
no. 9
Glasgow (Hunterian
In exergue,
Coll.), no. 6.
Between
feet of Apollo,
IP ITA.
The
238
Mint op ANTiocri
Selei'tii)
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Olv. Similar.
In exergue,
f^.
239
Glasgow (Hunterian
feet of Apollo,
Coll.), no. 7.
Rev. Similar.
In exergue,
[S].
London,
Between
feet of Apollo,
01 P 2TA.
no. 10.
Dated OP,
(Jet.
143-Oct. 142.
TETRADRACHM.
Behind riders,
Beneath horses, OP.
no. 749 (PL xx); Paris, no. 996
Sotheby, CumRev. Similar to no. 229.
TPY
2TA.
rfi
London,
no. 5
J.
Ward
Coll.,
Between
6EP STA.
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
240
65
viii).
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Behind
TPY
riders,
l^
Paris, no.
995
STA.
I
no. 1
(PL
242
TETRADRACHM.
xii);
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.),
Ixviii, 2).
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Behind
riders,
TPY
Paris, no.
243
994
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
(lETA omitted).
Egger Sale
244
IX
Hirsch
Rev. Similar.
5TA.
London,
no. 6, Plate
xix); Schulman,
245
xi,
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
(PL
IX
White-King
587 (PL
vi);
<t>
|
Egger
PL
610
xix).
TETRADRACHM.
Similar.
Rev. Similar.
The Skleui
66
246
or Axtioih
id ^Fixt
DRACHM.
of Apollo,
London, no. 13
247
Between
feet
OP 2TA.
In exergue,
rfi.
DRACHM.
Between
Kev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
feet of Apollo,
In exergue, OP STA.
or t^
Coll. L. Walcher de Molthein, no. 3008 (PI. xxvii); Glasgow (Hunterian Coll.),
Izsf
nos. 9, 10,
248
and 11
DRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
lirv.
X
London, no.
514; Hirsch Sale
no. 447 (PL x).
249
11, Plate
IX
In exergue,
Between
Rev. Similar.
London, no. 12
feet of Apollo,
OP 2TA.
In exergue,
(PL
Iv).
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rei>.
Undated
HEMIDRACHM.
Obv.
tiochus
Diademed and
VI
to
r.
Between
Similar.
In exergue,
f\.
Jameson
Coll.), nos.
Coll., no.
Issues.
radiate head of
An-
in circle of dots.
Rev.
L).
IX
Paris, no.
B, during
HEP
r.,
rests
1.
on bow.
Glasgow (Hunterian
16 and 17.
HEMIDRACHM.
Obv.
feet of Apollo,
OP 2TA.
arrow in outstretched
London,
252
feet of Apollo,
OP STA.
DRACHM.
<t>.
251
Between
Similar.
or >J.
Obv. Similar.
250
Head
(Type
to
GEP).
Rev. BA^IAEfi^
as above.
ETn<t>AN0Y2
ther to
1.,
r.
forepaw raised.
In exergue,
K.
nos.
18 and 19 (PL
Ixviii, 5);
ColL L. Walcher de
TriE
253
SKi.EUf'ii)
07
HEMIDRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. SimiLir.
Newell, Plate
254
OF AxTioni
i\[iNT
IX
In exergue,
rfi.
HEMIDRACHM.
Rfv. Similar.
Olw. Similar.
In exergue,
iOi.
Newell.
255
HEMIDRACHM.
256
OP.)
London,
to
IX,
17,
and IS
Above 2TA.
Jameson Coll.,
no.
Panther
r.
to
forepaw.
DIOBOL.
BA5IAE0S
Tlev.
r.
ANTIOXOY
(to
AIONYSOY(tol.).
bound with fillet. 5TA.
ETTI't'ANOYS
r.)
Thyr-
sos
p.
ti);
Imhoof-Blumer, Monnaies
B. C.
DRACHM.
Ohv.
tiochus
Diademed and
VI
to
r.
radiate head of
An-
BA5IAE0S
ANTIOXOY
AIONYSOY (to 1.).
Rev.
(to
donian helmet to
r.)
Mace-
ETTI<t>AN0Y2
in circle of dots.
r.
On r.,
On r.,
be-
be-
258
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
and
X
London,
259
IX
spike,
or
X-
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.),
no.
14 (PI.
Ixviii,
4);
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
spike,
Sale,
TPY.
TPY.
On
Paris,
On
r.,
no.
r.,
beneath helmet,
1005
Rome,
rfl.
Strozzi
68
260
DRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
spike,
TPY.
On
On
r.,
r.,
beneath helmet,
f.
Newell.
We
have already noticed that during the first portion of the year
HEP, issues in the name of Demetrius II appeared at Antioch the remainder of the same ySar was given up to the striking of coins for
Antiochus VI. The httle boy's head is engraved on the obverses of
;
the new coins surrounded with the fillet border and adorned with the
divine rays which had been introduced on the Seleucid coinage by his
It was no
supposed grandfather, Antiochus IV Theus Epiphanes.
doubt to emphasize this alleged descent, that the new king took upon
himself (or rather the regent Tryphon probably instigated the move as
his protege was only a child of some two or three summers) the surname of Epiphanes and the divine rays. The reverses of the new tetradrachms give us a spirited representation of the Twin Grods charging
The reason for this particular choice of type is
to left on horseback.
obscure. M. Babelon, following Ott. Miiller and Wieseler, suggests
some incident at the battle which saw the defeat of Demetrius II and
the triumph of Antiochus. It must be remembered, however, that the
Dioscuri seem to have been particularly favored in Syria under their
other name of Kd^eipoi ^vpicov. They had a temple near Seleucia on the
Orontes, and they frequently appear on the coins of Seleucus I their
type is therefore not a sudden innovation in the Seleucid series. It is
certain, however, that in this case the choice had nothing to do with
the worship of these gods at Tripolis in Phoenicia as has been suggested
our coins being all struck at Antioch and it being very doubtful if Antiochus VI ever held Tripolis.''^
If the reason for the choice of the surname Dionysus is also uncertain, the epithet certainly influenced the adoption of the wreath on the
reverse of the tetradrachms and the types of the hemidrachms and
;
diobols.
All of the tetradrachms and drachms issued for the year HEP at
Antioch show the three letters TPY of Tryphon 's name and so bear
witness to the preponderant position this man held in the government.
The monograms and letters of subordinate mint of&cials are, as usual,
placed in the field of the coin, and it is furthermore to be noted, that
one and all of these were officiating under Demetrius II, many of them
^"^
Babelon,
loc. cit.,
cxxxv.
ff.
C9
^^
The drachm
sTA
The Seleuiid
70
l>e
of Axxiorii
given) the
miglit say.
;\[ixt
at the
fig.
fig.
Among
phant holding torch (for the smaller) panther holding palm branch
with mouth and right paw. Both these types bear the letters 2TA and,
in addition the magistrate symbols Cornucopiae, Star, Palm Branch.
It was also in the year OP, the last of the reign, and perhaps at
the very time the regent Tryphon was meditating his treacdierous seizure of the throne, or even immediately after he had taken the final
step, that there appeared a new issue of drachms with an innovation in
the reverse type.
The radiate head of the young Antiochus still holds
the obverse, but on the reverse we see a Macedonian helmet of peculiar
foi'm, adorned in front with a large and conspicuous Ibex horn, henceforth to be the constant symbol of Tryphon.
The letters TPY (for the
first time on the drachm) are cons])icuously placed, but we no longer
find a date.
It is certain that Tryplion. so soon as he had seized the
supreme power, discarded the use of the Seleueid Era for dating, and
substituted one of his own.
His Phoenician issues liear the dates A to
A,
in other words, his own regnal years.
On the Antioehene issues.
commencing with the above drachms, the very i;seful and, to us. most
desiralile custom of dating is now finally dropped. from the silver coinage.
The monograms of subordinate mint officials are, however, still
continued from the preceding coinages.
;
TiiTi;
Mint of Antiocm
Sei.eucid
TRYPHON,
71
142-138 B. C.
In and around the end of the year OP Tryphon felt his position in
kingdom strong enough to bring about the sudden death of the boy
Antiochus, whose regent and guardian he had till then been, and to
assume in name as well as in actuality the supreme power. He caused
the troops under his command to declare him Bao-tXew, he himself assumed the title AvroKpaTcop " ruler by his own power"; in other words,
the Seleucid line is supposed to have come to an end and a new one to
have risen in its place. It must be remembered, however, that Demetrius II was still maintaining himself in the cities of the coast, from
Selucia to near the Egyptian border, though Tryphon soon after his
usurpation, came into possession of Ascalon and Ptolemais. For four
years Tryphon ruled and was then suddenly overthrown by another
Tryphon's Antiochene issues are the
scion of the House of Seleucus.
the
following
26 J
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
Diademed head
of
Tryphon
to
Rev.
r.
in fillet border.
in
r.)
donian helmet to
horn
TPY<t>QNOS (to
BASIAEfiS
AYT0KPAT0P05
front,
(to
1.
1.).
Chased Mace-
Beneath helmet, X-
Glasgow (Hunterian
262
IX
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar, but the entire design sur-
Obv. Similar.
262a
1043
(PI. xxi, 1)
Beneath
IX
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
Beneath helmet, Q.
263
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
No monogram.
Rev. Similar.
Beneath helmet,
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Paris, no. 1044.
[S].
hel-
72
DRACHM.
265
Rev. Similar to
is
On
dotted
1.,
beneath helmet, X-
circle.
London, no. 4
(PI. xx, 2)
DRACHM.
265a
-Ke?'.
Obv. Similar.
Similar.
Newell.
DRACHM.
266
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Glasgow (Hunterian
267
On
Coll.), no. 3.
On
Rev. Similar.
Similar.
Coll.), no. 2
&
Roll.
i2i;.
Similar.
xli,
DRACHM.
i?f ''.
Obv. Similar.
London,
Jameson
764 (PI. xxv)
no. 3
Coll., no.
Similar.
f^
Paris, no.
DRACHAL
Bev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Paris, no.
1046
On
1.,
beneath helmet.
A-
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Egger
272
rfi
DRACHM.
Egger Sale
271
beneath helmet,
Obv. Similar.
270
1.,
Glasgow (Hunterian
xlv, 1913, no. 699), Plate IX
Feuard., Durufle Sale, 1910, no. 626 (PI. xiv).
269
beneath helmet, X P.
DRACHM.
Obv.
268
1.,
615 (PI.
xvii).
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
Coll., no.
597 (PL
TT,
xviii).
We have seen that the useful system of dating the silver coins was
discarded in the last issue of drachms bearing the portrait and names
of Antiochus VI Dionysus.
The coins, both silver and bronze, now
struck with the portrait and titles of Tryphon the usurper, also bear no
The
dates; but the silver are
SEiEL-riD
still
.'NfiNT
of Antioiii
73
of the
same
magistrates
reigns.
both
ANTIOCHUS
a helmet
VII
is
sometimes called
EUERGETES,
Tpv^dXeia.
138-129 B. C.
During the period covered by the reigns of Alexander Balas, Antiochus VI, and Tryphon, and the contemporaneous rule in Phoenicia of
Demetrius II, the brother of the latter, Antiochus by name, was growing into manhood at the busy seaport and powerful city of Side in
Pamphylia. When this young man, who had inherited much of his
father's ability
74
With
a.
273
Obv.
to
r.
4>
and one
letter or
monogram.
TETRADRACHM.
in
Diademed head
of
Hev. BA^IAEQ^
EYEPrETOY (to 1.).
Antiochus VII
border.
fillet
ANTIOXOY
(to
r.)
Athene standing
helmeted, holds wi-eath-bearing Nike
1.,
outstretched
r.,
rests
1.
to
in
on shield adorned
The
On
J.
274
Ward
IX
London,
no. 30
Amer. Num.
Soc.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Hev. Similar.
On
1.,
beneath Nike,
4,
|
l-P-
Newell.
275
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Bev. Similar.
On
1.,
beneath Nike, 4
Al.
Newell
276
Paris, no.
1151
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Egger Sale
277
Eev. Similar.
xlv, 1913, no. 764, Plate
IX
On
1.,
beneath Nike,
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Bev. Similar.
On
1.,
beneath Nike,
be this variety.
278
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
Similar.
Bev. Similar.
On
1.,
beneath Nike, 4
Newell.
279
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Bev. Similar.
On 1.,
beneath Nike,
H.
Paris, no.
280
1152
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Bev. Similar.
A.
London,
no.
On
1.,
beneath Nike,
TfiE
Mint of
Si:i.isu( ID
ANTioriii
7ft
TETRADRACHM.
28J
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
1.,
beneath Nike,
4>
|
TT.
34,
and 35
Paris, nos.
TETRADRACHM.
282
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
1.,
beneath Nike, ^
A.
Paris, nos.
10
278 (PL
Schulman, White-King
viii)
b.
4^
letter.
283
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar, but at times Nike faces to
Obv. Similar.
On
r.
beneath Nike,
L,
L)ehind Athene,
Paris, nos.
Egger
284
London, no. 22
IX
Egger
A.
4"
On
r.,
lOi
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no. 9
(PL
xix).
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar, with Nike at times facing
Obv. Similar.
to
On
r.
L,
beneath Nike,
A.
|
On
r.,
283
no. 28a;
Coll., no.
1730,
PL
Ixxxvii;
TETRADRACHM."
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
On
A.
Glasgow (Hunterian
286
Jameson
Coll.), no. 5,
(PL
Ixviii,
r.,
On
L,
beneath Nike,
behind Athene, ^.
14).
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
On
A.
r.,
On
L,
beneath Nike,
4^
|
behind Athene,
*l.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
Egger
On
1.,
beneath Nike,
4^
|
On
A.
IX
r.,
behind Athene,
A.
76
TETRADRACHM.
288
i?f''-
Ohv. Similar.
r.
Similar,
On
beneath Nike,
1.,
4-
On
A.
r.,
beiiind Athene, A.
Paris, no.
1144
London, no. 21
Newell.
TETRADRACHM.
289
On
A.
London, no. 20
290
Mev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
r.,
Newell.
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
On
A.
1146
Paris, no.
London,
23
no.
r.,
1.,
beneath Nike,
4^
behind Athene, 0.
TETRADRACHM.
291
Obv. Similar.
beneath
Nike,
On
A.
|
On
r.
1.,
behind
r.,
Athene, S.
Paris, no.
292
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar, Nike sometimes facing to
Obv. Similar.
r.
On
1.,
beneath Nike,
behind Athene,
London, no. 26
Sale, Jan., 1908, no.
(PL
Newell
On
A.
r.,
Egger
uo.
821
XV).
c.
293
4>
4>.
A and two
letters.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar, Nike facing to
Obv. Similar.
beneath Nike,
Athene and
Athene,
A.
4\
On
inscription, A.
On
r.
On
L,
between
L,
r.,
behind
B.
294
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar, Nike facing to
Obv. Similar.
beneath Nike,
Athene and
Athene,
Glasgow (Hunterian
E.
A.
|
On
inscription, A.
1.,
On
On
r.
L,
between
r.,
behind
The
Siji.EuriD
Mint of Antioch
77
TETRADRACHM.
295
Obr. Similar.
beneath Nike,
Athene and
On
A.
|
On
inscription, A.
On
r.
1.,
between
1.,
behind
r.,
Athene, K.
Schulman
83 (PI.
ii).
TETRADRACHM.
296
Obv. Similar.
On
r.
beneath Nike,
1.,
London,
297
no. 25
behind Athene,
1.,
On
A.
Similar.
beneath
Nike,
Athene and
Athene,
and 14
580 (T=
;
4^
A.
inscription,
On
r.
On
T.
On
1.,
1.,
between
r., behind
A.
Paris, nos.
Coll. L.
TETRADRACHM.
Obi'.
Bev. Similar.
Similar.
On
A.
Newell
London,
no.
24
On
1.,
beneath Nike,
1.,
On
tion, 0.
299
On
A.
|
TETRADRACHM.
Obi>.
298
inscription, T.
i\,
behind Athene,
inscrip-
A.
TETRADRACHM.
Bev. Similar.
Obv. Similai'.
On
A.
1.,
1.,
beneath Nike,
4>
|
On
tion, M.
On
r.,
behind Athene, K.
Drachms with
d.
4>
and one
letter,
contemporaneous with
300
DRACHM.
Obv.
to
r.
Diademed head
of
Antiochus
VH
in fillet border.
1.
holds wreath in
gathered drapery in
scription,
outstretched
On
r.,
and
1.,
outside in-
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no.
1.
A.
I
Paris, no.
15
Newell.
1162 (PL
xxi, 15);
London,
no.
40
78
DRACHM.
30t
tion,
London,
302
4^
On
Similar.
Ml'/'.
Obv. Similar.
On
r.,
1.,
outside
beneath wing,
inscrip-
A.
no. 39.
DRACHM.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
Rer. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
Al-
303
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
Glasgow (HunteriaTi
304
Rev. Similar.
Newell, Plate
outside
inscrip-
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
Rev. Similar.
London, no. 41
Coll.), no.
18 (PI.
Paris,
Ixviii,
no.
1160
4.
On
r.,
beneath wing,
0.
Glasgow (Hunterian
15).
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
1161
Paris, no.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
TT.
I
DRACHM.
()/'('.
Rev. Similar.
Similar.
On
tion, 4>.
Jameson
Coll.), no. 17
Coll.,
;
no.
Paris, no.
r.,
beneath wing,
TT.
Glasgow (Hunterian
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
Coll. L.
309
1.,
DRACHM.
tion,
308
On
0.
Obv. Similar.
307
DRACHM.
tion,
306
r.,
Obv. Similar.
305
On
4>.
Walcher de Molthein,
no.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
'^.
I
DRACHM.
Obv.
Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
On
r.,
beneath wing, *.
The
3J0
Sbleucii)
Mint of Antioch
79
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Ilcv.
On
Similar.
1.,
outside
inscrip-
On
beneath
4.
tion, t=f
I
Newell.
e.
3Jt
Issues without
TETRADRACHM.
1.,
A.
gsj<
I
Glasgow (Hunterian
312
Coll.), no. 3
Newell (monogram
DRACHM.
tion,
Paris, no.
On
Her. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
3J2a
gsj), Plate
1164; Petrograd,
nos.
1.,
outside
inscrip-
outside
inscrip-
A.
r-]
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion, t=:f
I
()n
1.,
A-
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
1.,
beneath
Nike,
A.
I
London, no. 36
3t4
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no. 4.
DRACHM.
On
1.,
outside
B.
|
315
TETRADRACHM.
Nike, i
On
In exergue, bffP
A.
1.,
beneath
316
Egger Sale
xli,
DRACHM.
On
1.,
outside
inscription, S.
317
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
London,
no. 38.
S.
On
r.,
On
1.,
outside
beneath wing, 0.
inscrip-
80
The
work, as
if
VII
There is little doubt but that the silver coin issues of Antiochus
for Antioch can in time be worked out more surely and more
TillC
minutely than
so
common
SeI.ICI illl
.AIlNT
o|.'
AnTKm
11
alogues at
and
dies
a study based
may
on
a larger
whidi
later modify.
issues
do not
l)ear
fls-
10
li-.
11
'^^^B
tig. 12-
lig.
l:j
rev.
'''
<
The
si-ries
[il.
SOP
to
BTTP
king of Phoe-
The Selkucid
riTP
to
of Antioch
The bronze
]\Iint
DEMETRIUS
The
II,
we heard
B.C.
of Demetrius II
TETUADRACHM.
(ii\
Demetrius
II to
r.
BASIAEfiS
Rev.
of
0EOY
in fillet border.
NIKATOPOS
AHMHTPIOY
(to
1.).
(to r.)
Zeus en-
in
inscription, gsj-
319
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rei\ Similar.
tion, pi^
I
Jameson
320
Coll., no.
1.,
outside
inscrip-
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion, E.
Beneath throne,
0.
Egger Sale, xli, 1912, no. 733 (PI. xx); Egger Sale xlv, 1913,
715 (PL xx); Egger Sale, Jan., 1908, no. 628 (PL xix); London, no. 17 Paris,
1212 Petrograd, no. 607 Glasgow (Hunterian Coll.), no. 2.
Newell, Plate
no.
On
E (?).
no.
321
TETRADRACHM.
''^"'-
S''"il'i'-
Rei'^
tion,
London,
Paris, nos.
Similar.
On
L,
outside
Beneath throne, A.
inscrip-
The
322
Ski.eucii)
.Mr\T of
Egger Sale
A'er.
xli,
In exergue,
z.0.
DRACHM.
Ber. Similar.
tion, E.
Newell, Plate
Glasgow (Hunterian
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
Beneath throne, A.
Coll.), no. 4
DRACHM.
O/if.
Similar.
Ju:r.
Similar.
Ohr. Similar.
324
s:',
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
323
Amioch
Similar.
No
letters.
DRACHM.
Obr. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
neath throne,
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no. 5
(PL
Between
feet, A.
Be-
Q-.
Ixviii, 24).
In conjunction with the alxtve may have l>een struck the lironze
coins with reverse type Nike to left (Brit. Mus. Cat.. Plate xxi, 12,
and Hunterian Coll., Plate Ixix, 3) and the letter E in field and symbol
Cornucopiae outside the inscription (fig. 1-4)
The E is found on the
.
flg.
14
silver issues of this mint, and the symbol is a common one on the
bronzes of Antiochus VII also struck here.
Demetrius did not long enjoy his newly regained kingdom in its
entirety.
He had hardly returned to Antioch when his mother-inlaw,^* Queen Cleopatra of Egyit, begged his support to restore her to
her kingdom from which she had just been driven liy her brother,
Ptolemy Euergetes. Demetrius s])ent the winter of 129-128 collecting
an army for the invasion of Egypt. In the spring he set out Init was
checked at Pelusium, for Antio(di had suddenly risen in revolt behind
him. Ptolemy seized this opportunity to send an Egyptian armj" to
that city, and, with the inhabitants acclaim, to set upon the throne a
creature of his own, said to l)e of Seleucid descent and an adopted son
of Antiochus VII.' The name of this new usurper was Alexander, pop^*
Bevau,
toe. nt.,
page 248.
S4
The Seleuciu
]\Iint
of v\ntiocii
rele-
His coinage
from the late spring
Antioch was therefore of but short duration,
of 129 to the spring of 128.
His issues here are the continuation of
the last ones under Antiochus VII on which the monogram fej and the
letters ^ and 0'** are found.
It is probably only due to the preparations
against Egypt that his Antiochene issues are fairly prolific, when we
gated, once more, to Seleucia and the Phoenician cities.
in
ALEXANDER
128-123 B. C.
II,
We
a.
326
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
r.
Diademed head
of Alexiinder II to
in fillet border.
Rev.
BAS lAE^S
(to r.)
AAEZANAPOY
1.).
On
sceptre.
1.,
outside inscription,
1^1.
Beneath throne, A.
Paris, nos.
327
1278 (PI.
xxiii,
4) and 1279.
TETRADRACHM.
Obr. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
tion, 121.
Num.
325
vi,
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
Hirsch,
329
Weber
4112
(PI.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
Beneath throne, 2.
tion, 121.
liii).
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
/^.,.
Similar.
J.
Ward
''
Coll., no.
Hevan, he.
797, Plate
ciL,
page 249.
London,
no. 2
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
tion, 121.
;
Till':
330
SiM.iircii)
.Mint uk Antioi
TETRADKACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohr. Similar.
tion, 121.
On
outside
1.,
inscrip-
TETRADKACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Schulman, White-King
610 (PI.
Egger Sale
[AP.
On
Beneath
outside
1.,
inscrip-
A.
tliroiie,
xlv, no.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
p^.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
C. S. Beuient Coll.
TETRADRACH.M.
Ohv. Similar.
Itev.
Similar.
tion, [SP.
Egger Sale
335
outside inscription,
vi).
Rev. Similar.
Similar.
tion,
334
1.,
TETRADRACHM.
(Ihr.
333
On
[5P in field.
b.
332
Similar.
]\ev.
121.
xji,
1912, no.
73.".,
On
Beneath
outside
inscrip-
thi'one, stai;
over 2.
1.,
Plate X.
TETRADRACHM.
Rer. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
Beneath throne, \^
Jan., 1908, no. 032 (PI. xx); Sotheby, Cumberland-Clark Sale, 1914,
tion, [ZSf.
Egger
283 (PI.
no.
336
Sale,
viii).
DRACHM.
Ohv.
Rei:
Similar.
BASIAEnS
(tor.)
AAEEANAPOY
1.).
London, no.
337
5,
A-
Plate X.
HEMIDRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
AV(..
(to
BASIAEQS
1.).
side inscription,
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no.
12 (PI.
lxi.>c,
9).
(tor.)
AAEEANAPOY
outOn
Single cornucopiae.
[Al
(PP?)
1.,
SI
TiiK
8(i
338
DIOBOL.
(to
Paris, no.
1297 (PI.
(tor.)
AAEZANAPOY
Inverted anchor.
1.).
xxiii, 8).
c.
339
BA^IAEQS
Rev.
Ohv. Similar.
\^
in field.
TETRADRACHM.
On
1.,
outside
Beneath throne, A.
London, no. 4 (PI. xxii, 2) Glasgow
inscription, |^.
Egger
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
1282
Paris, no.
Glasgow (Hunterian
no.
Coll.),
On
1.,
outside inscrip-
Beneath throne, 2.
1^.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Egger Sale
342
to
1.,
outside
A<}>
inscrip-
(sometimes
Al).
Amer. Num.
Soc.
DRACHM.
Obv.
r.
On
Beneath throne,
K^.
has form
tion,
Diademed head
of
Alexander
II
in dotted circle.
Rev.
(to
BA^IAEQS
1.).
taenia.
n'
tion,
(tor.)
AAEZANAPOY
Glasgow (Hunterian
343
Coll.), no. 8
Jameson
1741, Plate X.
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Paris, no.
344
Coll., no.
1291 (PI.
xxiii, .5);
On
and inscription, |^
Glasgow (Hunterian Coll.),
between design
no. 9
London, no.
6.
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obi\ Similar.
On
and inscription, PP
Paris, no.
345
1.,
2.
1292
Glasgow (Hunterian
1.,
between design
k'^.
Coll.), no. 7.
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
and
A*
Paris, no. 1293.
inscription,
?).
On
|^
1.,
between design
Al (or
is
this
also
The
SELTsirrin
Mint op Antio<h
87
HEMIDRACHiM.
346
Ohv. Similar.
inscription,
and
Glasgow (Hunterian
)i]
1.,
outside
between design
1.,
inscription, A.
I in field.
d.
347
On
1^.
TETRADRACHM.
On
1.,
outside
Beneath throne, A.
1907, no. 222, Plate X.
inscription, E.
1289
Paris, no.
348
TETRADRACHM.
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no. 6
(PL
1.,
outside
inscrip-
Beneath throne, 5.
tion, E.
349
On
Rer. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
Ixix, 7).
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion, I.
outside
1.,
Beneath throne,
inscrip-
A.
350
DRACHM.
design and inscription, E
Glasgow (Hunterian
35J
Coll.), no.
between
1.,
2.
|
DRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
and
Newell; London, no.
352
On
7,
inscription,
1.,
between design
A4>.
|
Plate X.
HEMIDRACHM.
'
06;;.
Sfr.
Similar to preceding.
(to
1.).
holds
branch
wreath
in
in
On
1.
inscription, ^
outstretched
1.,
r.,
palm
k'^.
|
xxii,
5) and 11.
e.
353
i& in field.
TETRADRACHM.
Jameson
Coll., no.
1739, Plate X.
On
L, out-
Beneath throne, S.
Thk
SS
Sei.eucid
Mint of ANTiorH
TETRADRACHM.
354
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
^.
On
1.,
outside
Beneath throne,
inscrip-
A.
355
TETRADRACHM.
Ber. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
^.
On
1.,
outside
Beneath throne,
inscrip-
iA|.
f.
356
DRACHM.
On
1.,
between
A*.
|
357
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
and inscription,
London,
no.
between design
No monograms
or letters.
GOLD STATER.
Obv.
r.
1.,
Al-
iS.
g.
358
On
Diademed head
of
Alexander
11 to
Rev.
BASIAEQS
r.)0EOY
in fillet border.
AAEEANAPOY
(in exergue).
Zeus enthroned to
wreath-bearing Nike in
and
Coll.,
rests
(to
ETTI<t>ANOY2(tol.)NIKH*OPOY
1.
1.,
holds
outstretched
r.,
on sceptre.
five
field of
Ski.kl'ciii
lig.
Mint of Anthk
l^"i
SO
ii
fii?.
10
The next
we
lig-
Head
('an
I"
the
type,
to a
doulde cornucopiae
half
latter
'
made
])y
but a shoi't time ])re\'iously been routed by the ai'uiy of Antio(dms \'III!
90
Quite in keeping with the spirit of this reply would be the title Nikephoros and the Zeus type of the coins struck from the metal of the
stolen statue.
VIII.
359
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
Draped
Stephanos to
of
r.,
diademed head
Border of dots.
in front of
Antiochus VIII.
BA2IAIS2H2
Rev.
1.).
Zeus, legs
hanging over
BASIAEfi^
1.
KAE0TTATPA2
ANTIOXOY (to
arm, seated to
1.,
holds
Glasgow (Hunterian
360
1.
I
on sceptre.
E.
On
1.,
Beneath throne,
r.,
outside inscripA.
XI.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion, IE.
Newell, Plate
XI
London, no. 5
On
1.,
outside
Beneath throne, A.
inscrip-
The
36J
91
TETRADRAOHM.
Ohv. Similar.
1361
Paris, no.
1889, no.
The
same
2S,S
(PL
style
A,
&
L.
Hamburger, Sale
of
1.,
outside
Beneath throne,
inscrip-
Al.
ii).
and
as those of
magistrates
L.
On
Similar.
Jier.
tion, IE.
A,
reigns.
The
larger.
In the latter
lig.
18
fortunately
li;,r,
is
all
mudi
dated.
1!)
YIII, reverse,
<_>wl
9-2
B. C. and lasted till perhaps the end of 121 B. C. We have coins dated
as late as BS P with the portraits and names of Cleopatra and Antioehus
VIII for Sidon and Ake-Ptolemais, but their Antioehene issues seem
to have ceased in Aqp (Oct. 122-Oct. 121).
ANTIOCHUS
VIII.
Ohv.
to
Athene
type.
TETRADRACHM.
362
Diademed head
of
Antioehus VIII
Rec.
in fillet border.
1-.,
BA2IAEQ2
ANTIOXOY
(to
r.)
whole
which she
1.
rests
in laurel wreath.
scription,
to
1.,
holds
outstretched
in
on shield.
On
1.,
r.,
The
outside in-
0.
I
Newell
Petrograd, no.
6S7.'*'
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar,
tion, IE
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
(.
I
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar,
tion, IE
I
Paris, no.
M.
In the Brit. Mus. Cat., Syria, nos. 18, 19, and 20 of Antioehus
VIII are three coins which may belong to this series, but as none of
them have the characteristic letters E and as I have not been able to
study them in the original or in casts, they have not been included.
I
38
.Tameson
imitatiou.
Coll., uo.
1740
it
appears to bn a barbaric
The
Semui'II)
b.
Mist of Axthkii
93
TETRADRACIIM.
365
Obr. Similar.
Similar
AVr.
nius,
naked
inscription.
to waist,
shoulder, standing to
1.
1.,
head adorned
v.,
in
rests
1.
on sceptre.
On
laurel wreath.
IE
On
A.
1.,
outside inscription,
r.,
tion, A.
Paris, no.
366
1416
Jameson
Coll., no.
XI
1745, Plate
TETRADRACHIM.
Obv. Similar.
It'rr.
tion,
On
Similar.
IE
On
A.
I
r.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
inscription, Al.
Glasgow (Hunterian
367
Coll.), no. 7.
TETRADRACllM.
/Ar. Similar.
Obr. Similar.
tion,
IE
On
A.
)ii
r.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
inscription, N.
London, no. 10
368
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no. 8
Newell.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
A'cc.
tion,
On
Similar.
IE
A.
On
r.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
inscription, 0.
Paris, no.
3);
Schulman
Sale,
I'.iOl,
White-King
Coll.,
no.
617
(PI. vi).
369
TETRADRACHM.
Obr.
Similar.
7ln>.
tion,
On
Similar.
IE
A.
On
r.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
inscription, P.
Paris, no. 1419.
370
TETRADRACHM.
Obr. Similar.
Iter.
tion,
On
Similar.
IE
A.
On
r.,
1.,
outside
inscription, A.
Paris, no. 1418.
inscrip-
In exergue, K.
04
371
TETRADR7\CHM.
Similar.
Ohv.
liev.
tion,
On
Similar.
IE
On
A.
r.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, K.
inscription, Al.
London,
372
no. 0, Plate
XI.
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion, IE
A.
On
r.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, K.
inscription, P.
Newell.
373
TETRADRACHM.
Ohr.
On
Rev. Similar.
Similar.
tion,
IE
A.
On
r.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
inscription,
J.
374
Ward
Coll., no.
In exergue, K.
4'.
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
IE
A.
On
r.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, N.
inscription, N.
London,
375
no. 1 1
Newell.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
On
Rev. Similar.
tion,
IE
A.
On
r.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue,
inscription, P.
P.
376
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion, IE
A.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
In exergue, A.
376a
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion, IE
A.
On
1.,
In exergue,
London,
377
outside
inscrip-
P.
no. 12.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion, IE
A.
I
On
1.,
In exergue,
outside
<t>.
inscrip-
Antiocii
Oii
TETRADUACHM.
378
Obv. Similar.
On
ed.
exergue,
outside inscription,
1.,
A.
In
(to
r.)
TT.
379
type.
DRACHM.
Obv.
Diademed head
BASIAEfiS
Rev.
as above, in fillet
ETTI<t>ANOYS (to
border.
1.
1.,
ANTIOXOY
Tyche standing
1.).
holds rudder in
r.,
cornucopiae in
outside inscription,
PL
is
to be placed
380
V, 13).
under the
first
On
IE.
1.
to
fiir
Numismatik,
this coin it
probably
DRACHM.
Obv. Similar,
On
Brr. Similar.
1.,
outside
inscrip-
tion, (|)E.
fiir
Numismatik,
The tetradrachms
accompanied throughout by
(I) obverse, Radi-
flg.
ate
20
fig.
21
As
the tetradrachms, so these bronze coins all bear the magIn addition the bronze coins bear dates from B^P to
O^P inclusive, definitely placing the silver issues within a period commencing not earlier than October 121 or lasting not later than October
113 B. C. But we know from our historical sources that in the latter
year the half brother of Antiochus Grrypus, also named Antiochus with
the nickname Cyzicenus, having received help from Egypt and having
invaded Cilicia, at last obtained the decision over Antiochus VIII
(fig.
21)
paigning season.
commencement
of the
cam-
ANTIOCHUS
IX.
now
ruled in
An-
TETRADRACHM.
381
Diademed head
Ohv.
of
Rev.
Antiochus IX,
Fillet border.
r.
BASIAE^S
4'IAOTTATOPO^
meted, standing to
Nike
ANTIOXOY
(to
1.
1.).
(to
Athene,
r.)
hel-
holds wreath-bearing
in outstretched
rests
r.,
1.
on shield
by laurel wreath.
On
tion, Isl
1.,
outside inscrip-
A.
I
Paris, no.
1474
TETRADRACHM.
382
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion, "1^
On
A.
r.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
inscription, A.
Newell, Plate
Coll.), no. 5
XI
Plirsch,
Newell;
Weber
Paris,
nos.
TETRADRACHM.
383
Obv.
On
Rev. Similar.
Similar.
tion,
1^
A.
On
r.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
inscription, A.
Glasgow (Hunterian
384
Coll.), no. 6
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
1^
A.
On
r.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
inscription, N.
Paris, nos.
1471 and 1472; Petrograd, nos. 708, 709, and 710; Glasgow (HunLondon, no. 14 Amer. Num. Soc. Egger Sale, Jan., 1908, no.
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
1^
A.
On
r.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
inscription, 0.
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no. 8
(PL
Ixx, 3);
Newell
TiiK
97
flg.
22
Head of Antiochus IX of exactly similar style and appearance as on the tetradrachms reverse. Thunderbolt. The monogram
"N which these bronze coins all bear associates them unmistakably with
the silver, and the dates Q'^ P and ^ place them between the end of 114
and the beginning of 112 B. C. As Grypus' bronze coins end with a
plentiful issue under the date OSP, the present pieces could not have
up, obverse,
appeared earlier than the spring of 113 B. C. and it is at just this date that
our historical sources'** place the first arrival of Cyzicenus in Antioch.
The new king, however, did not long hold the Syrian capital for
by the following year Grypus, having reorganized his forces, returned,
defeated his half brother near Antioch, drove him into flight and laid
siege to the city now defended by Cyzicenus' wife Cleopatra.
In due
course the city fell, and Cleopatra was murdered at the jealous and vin'dictive insistence of her own sister Tryphaena, the wife of Grypus.
The latter was now once more master in Antioch and naturally put an
end to the coinage bearing the name, portrait, and types of his brother.
These events are proved by the coins to have taken place not later than
the spring and summer of 112 B. C, for under the following section is
;
surrendered some
little
year.
''
Euseb.
exactly 11.3 B.
I,
257,
C;
.38,
where
this
event
XXXIX,
is
2, 9,
ys
ANTIOCHUS
VIII.
ANTIOCHUS
IX.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
Diademed head
of
Antiochus IX,
r.
Fillet
border.
Rev.
BA^IAEQS
<t>IA0TTAT0P02
ANTIOXOY
(to
meted, standing, to
1.).
1.,
and
Coll.
furt
A/M)
Walcher de Molthein,
Sale, March, 1914, no. 143
L.
Eusebius
no.
~M
A.
|
r.)
hel-
holds wreath-bear-
inscription,
(to
Athene,
r.,
her
On
1.,
1.
holds
outside
inscription, P.
3058 and
later in the S.
XI
Rosenberg (Frank-
CLXVII
was
99
(late in the year 112 to early in the year 111 B. C.)'* that thei-e could
not have been many coins struck. No l)ronze coins have been published that can with certainty be assigned to this time. The suggestion,
however, is here made that the silver tetradrachm just desc-ribed might
have appeared during this short interval between (Irypus' second and
The supervise]' T1 is known only from the
third reigns in Antioch.
two specimens in existence described above and could not therefore
have long been in office. The accompanying A associates this coin with
all the Antiochene issues of both Grypus and Cyzicenus, the style is
most like the issues of (irypus for his third reign and a compromise
between the styles of Cyzicenus' first and third reigns, the subordinate
r has not appeared before but is actually found on the immediately sucAll these internal evidences seem to point to
ANTIOCHUS
VIII.
As
387
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
tor.
related above,
Diademed head
of
Antiochus VIII
Jlev.
BASIAEQ^
ANTIOXOY
ETTI<}>AN0Y2 (tol.).
Fillet border.
(to
r.)
standing to
rests
tion,
1.
1.,
On
on sceptre.
A.
1.
shoulder,
On
r.,
1.,
r.,
outside inscrip-
between
figure
and
inscription, f.
Paris, no.
388
1421
Newell.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
A.
On
On
r.,
1.,
outside
inscription, A.
Newell, Plate
XI
*"
" Euseb.,
259, 2,
Olymp. 167,
111/10 B. C.
inscrip-
100
TETRADRACHM.
389
tion,
On
Similar.
^''-
Ohv. Similar.
On
A-
1.,
outside
inscrip-
r.,
inscription, K.
1422
Paris, no.
Newell.
TETRADRACHM.
390
tion,
On
Similar.
^''-
Ohr. Similar.
On
A.
1.,
outside
inscrip-
r.,
inscription, -.
DRACHM.
391
Diademed head
Ohv.
to
r.
of Antiochus
VI 11
in dotted circle.
Glasgow (Hunterian
BASIAEfiS
R^r.
ETTI<t>ANOY (to
1.).
side inscription,
ANTIOXOY
On
Tripod.
|
(to
1.,
r.)
out-
f-
DRACHM.
392
tion,
On
Similar.
/'*'''
Ohi\ Similar.
1.,
outside
inscrip-
N.
I
Glasgow (Hunterian
HEMIDRACHM.
393
()l,r.
R^'v.
Similar.
to
1.,
branch in
Winged Nike
Similar inscription.
1.
On
1.,
outside
r.,
palm
inscription,
r.
I
London, nos.
394
',
Plate
XI
and 10
Petrograd, no.
i>8".t
Newell.
HEMIDRACHM.
/?"
Ohi\ Similar.
Similar.
tion,
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
N.
I
Glasgow (Hunterian
395
DIOBOL.
0'<!'.
Ear
Similar.
r.
of wheat,
On
1.,
in
A.
I
For
as heretofore,
nates
r,
p. 4-36, no.
A, K,
116.
mint supervisor.
The
letterA
accompanies the monogram, together with the subordiand I, all of whom we have met with before.
The
SELKi'ciin
Mint of Antioiii
101
VIII, reverse, Eagle to left, the inscription giving Grrypus the (for his
coins) unusual title Philometor, and in the exergue the date Bs (beIn Paris (no. 1404, Plate xxv,
tween October 111 and October 110)
The date
1) is a similar coin but with the more usual title Epiphanes.
on this piece is also BS. These particular coins seem to be scarce the
more usual bronzes struck for the remainder of this period of (Irypus'
rule in Antioch have for their obverse type. Head of Antiochus VIII,
for the reverse. Tripod surmounted by a thunderbolt (see Brit. Mus.
These pieces bear no date, but are furnished with
Cat., Plate xxvi, 7)
The dated bronzes
the same monogram as the silver, namely, ^ or $
of
monogram
$ and ?
the
two
forms
also
have
described
just
.
ANTIOCHUS
396
IX.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
Diademed head
r.
of Antiochus IX,
Fillet border.
BA2IAEQS
Bev.
<t>IA0TTAT0P02
meted, standing to
Nike
ANTIOXOY
(to
1.).
in outstretched
and
London, no. 11, Plate
397
XII
$.
r.,
On
A.
r.)
hel-
holds wreath-bearing
1.,
holds spear in L,
(to
Athene,
On
r.,
1.,
outside
between figure
inscription, 0-
TETRADRACHM.
-R*'"-
Obv. Similar.
tion,
On
Similar.
A.
$.
On
r.,
inscription, P.
Coll., Sept.,
ii).
1.,
outside
inscrip-
The
102
398
Seleui:'ID
Mint of AxTiorn
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Olv. Similar.
tion,
On
A.
On
r.,
1.,
outside inscrip-
inscription, ^.
399
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
On
A.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
r.,
inscription, KY.
Newell.
400
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
A-
401
1477
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
r.,
inscription,
Paris, no.
On
^.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Olv. Similar.
tion,
On
A-
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
1.,
inscription, t^.
Glasgow (Hunterian
402
Coll.), no.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
On
A.
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
r.,
inscription, A.
Xewell.
403
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
On
A.
On
1.,
outside inscrip-
1.,
inscription, 4^.
London, no. 12
404
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no. 9
Newell.
DRACHM.
Ohv.
Diademed head
of
Antiochus IX,
Winged Nike
stretched
*
Egger Sale
xli,
r.
to
On
1.
1.,
outside
inscription,
n.
I
Modern historians*^ have generally considered this a period of enforced peace between the two antagonists, Grypus now ruling in the
*^
Among
255.
The
103
will
definitely secured
ogram certainly lielong to Antioch. The portrait, type, and inscripshow the pieces to have been struck by Cyzicenus. In fabric and
style they are the latest of his Antiochene issues iclth the Athene tyi^e
in style and fabric they are subsequent to the issues of Grypus' third
tion
reign (see Plate XI, nos. 388, 390) but certainly precede the fourth
same ruler (Plate XII) as well as the last issues of
Cyzicenus himself (Plate XII, nos. 114-5, 117-8)
Sequence of style
,
we
fig.
In cor-
23
by
all
This entire coinage of silver and bronze coins falls, theresome point between October 110 and Octoljer 109.^'*
If our conclusions are accepted
and it seems gratuitous to discard
what appears to be clear and definite evidence furnished by our coins
there is revealed to us a period of rule by Cyzicenus in Antioch unrecorded in the confused and meagre historical notices of this period,
20 and 21)
fore, at
Mus. Catalogue " Kings of Syria," p. 93, nos. 24 and 25 give the date E2. This
Mr. G. F. Hill, in answer
is very doubtful and is questioned by Gardner himself.
to my query and in spite of the difficulty due to war conditions, very kindly undertook to verify the
dates on these two British Museum specimens. He repoi'ts that the date on no. 24 reads f 2 on no.
25 #"2. As the middle seripli is entirely lacking, and the lower seriph is very faulty we would
seem to be justified in reading these dates fS as on the Glasgow specimens. It is to be remarked
here that the series of bronze coins of Antiochus IX, obv. Bust of Eros, rev. Nike (type of B. M.
Cat., nos. 27-30), bearing an almost unbroken series of dates running from ^ to AI2 could not
*^
Brit.
date on no. 25
possibly have been struck at Antioch, because Cyzicenus did not reign so
They
many
104
On
to
much
mutilated) from the city of Seleucia in Pieria. The folthe royal letter as restored by U. Wilcken f^ the second letter
lowing is
is not reproduced because of
its
'
Avtio')(0<; ^acrikel
[BJacTiXei/?
['
[Xo'/xje^a, K.al
eirj
av
&)? ySou-
[^tXo]<rTO/37<B9.
rjficov
[tu oia
Et eppaaai,
7roXXft)]i'
Se Kal
jSeBaiav avvT-qprjaav-
Kal kuXoov
ep'ycov
eirei-
[ra avayKaijoTa.Toi'; Kaipol'i aTro8ei^aiJ,evov<; Kal Ka[X&j? Kal iJLya\]o-\frv^ci><; Kal avraiv a^ttu? i-Trav^ijcravTei
[et? /xel^ov !rp]o7]'ydyofj,v a^icofia,
[eKpiva/jiev
[elvat.
'
et']?
[Xovf crvvO-qKaif,
[(j>iXocrTopyov
irpd)-
AKoXovdm]';
[ypd<f><o (701,
Kara^iiocrai airovBdi^ovTei
[tt;? evep-yleaia^
ah
o]7rft)9
fji.eXXrj^
iK(^ave(TTepov eaeadai,
^^UpaJ/coXou^^?,
(^MMMMM^M''^PP<^]<^^e.
KuXoy; exeiv
L7 Topwiaiov
k[B].
(vwl
Sk)
lieeu decreed.
is
.
^*
^"^
V. Wilcken
in Hei-me.i,
XXIX
-229,
no. 14.
The
Sei.eucid
Mint of ANTiorii
105
once nore seized the reins of government in that city. But the letter
itself speaks of the honor decreed to S(,^leucia as having onhj just {vwl 8e)
that is, in 108 B. C.
and by its wording suggests that
been given
the immediate reason for the granting of this honor v^^as the loyalty
and friendship shown to Antiochus l)y the city in very receiit times of
Wilckeu himhad
(Irypus
l)etween
return
of
from
Aspendiis
the
and the promulelapsed
gation of the decree and yet one would infer from the wording of the
letter that the particular occasion which induced the granting of the
honor had taken place quite recently. If now, as our coins would seem
to show, Cyzicenus did succeed in once more driving Gfrypus out of
Antioch (about 109 B. C.) and the latter in this strait was received by
Seleucia, loyally supported by her inhabitants, and so enabled not long
afterwards to regain Antioch, we would possess a full and very plausible explanation not only of the immediate reason for the granting of the
honor of autonomy, but also for the date (108 B. C.) at which this was
accomplished. Thus the decree and our coins, when taken together,
reciprocally serve to explain and throw light upon each other.
draws attention
self^'*
{ev
Toh
avayKai.oTdTOL<; Kaipoh)
e-n-eira
ANTIOCHUS
YIII.
TETRADRACHM.
405
Ohv.
Diademed head
of
Antiochus VIII
BASIAEQS
Ber.
ETTI4>AN0YS (to
Fillet border.
tor.
seated
to
1.,
(always to
sceptre
wreath.
ANTIOXOY
holds
(to
r.)
1.).
wreath-bearing
o Nike
r., rests 1. on
outstretched
r.) in
On
1.,
Beneath throne,
outside inscription,
or
A.
^.
GlasNewell, Plate XII; Newell (another); Petrograd, nos. 695, Pi96, and 697
(Hunterian Coll.), no. 12 (PI. Ixix, 20); Coll. L. Walcher de iMolthein, no. -3072
;
gow
(Pl.xxix); London, no. 2 (Coins of the Ancients, PI. 61); Paris, nos, 1133, 1434 and
1435
Jameson
Coll., no.
"
.Tahres
sie fiir
1744 (PL Ixxxviii); Egger Sale, Jan., 1908, nos. 648, 649,
Coll., no. 800 (PL xx); Hirsch, Weber Sale, no. 4127 (PL
Ward
J.
(foe. ., p. 444^.5)
are
d. h.
Chr., hat er ihnen die vornehmste Wohlthat (irpihTTi depyeala) erwiesen, indem er
ewige Zeit fiir frei erklart hat .... Weahiilh er ijerade im Jahi-e Kin air.h thim enlarMoa^en
108
hat, icissen
v.
'
wir
riicht.'^
'
106
Axtiocii
Egger Sale xlv, 1913, no. 772 (PI. xxi); Egger Sale xli, 1912, no. 746 (Pi. xx):
Sotheby, Bunbury Sale, 1896, no. 589 (PI. vi); Cumberland-Clark Sale, 1914, no. 285
liv);
(PI. viii);
406
Coll., Sept.,
(PL
Uev. Similar.
On
ii).
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
A.
outside
1.,
Beneath throne,
inscrip-
A.
London, no. 1
407
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
On
outside
L,
inscrip-
Beneath throne, TTLondon, nos. 3 and 4 Paris, no. 1431 (PI. xxv, 9); Amer. Xum. Soc. PetroSchulman, White-King Sale, 1904, no. 621 (PL vii); Egger
grad, nos. 690 and 691
tion, I
A.
408
XII
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
Rev. Similar.
Similar.
tion, I
On
outside
L,
Beneath throne,
A-
inscrip-
rfi.
London,
409
uo. 5
Paris, no.
1432
DRACHM.
Ohv.
London,
4J0
no. 6
(PL
Tripod.
outside inscription,
Walcher de
Moltliein, no.
On
A.
3054 (PL
xxviii).
DRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion, I
On
L,
outside
inscrip-
r.
I
Newell; Petrograd,
4n
no.
680
Glasgow (Hunterian
XII.
DRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
On
L,
outside
inscrip-
A.
f
I
Glasgow (Hunterian
4J2
DRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
p.
r
I
Petrograd, no 679.
4J3
HEMIDRACHM.
Ohv.
Head
as
on preceding.
Winged Nike
to L, holds
stretched
On
A.
r
I
Glasgow (Hunterian
r.
L,
preceding.
wreath in out-
outside inscription,
Tiiic
Aside from
the date of
tlu'
hemidi-aehms
is
tlie
Sici.Ki III)
evidence
^[i
ii'-
Ax'n
107
s(M|ue]n'(' of style,
fixed
by the
fact that
it
and
type for the autonomous eoin issues of Seleucia in Pieria, tii'st struek
This eity, for its steadfast loyalty t<:) (iry])us, was i;i-anted
in 104 B. C.
autonomy by him in 108 B. (_'. Comparini;' this date witli the last year
of Antioelius IX Cyzieenus' third reign in Antirxdi (coins dated rs and
therefore struck before <J(_'tol)er of 10!) B. ('.), the inference becomes
olnious that Seleucia stood loyally by (li'vpus in this his last period of
exile
from
covering
his ca])ital
and
prol:)ably aided
him
it.
autonomy
granting
Dr. Mai/(lonald has already suggested the attrilmtion to the Antioehene mint of the coins descril)ed alcove (nos. lor)-!]:)) because of their
great similarity in every res]>ect to certain bronze coins of autonomous
type struck a little later than tliis time in that city (see Catalogue of
the Hunterian Coll., vol. iii, }>. lOOj
Accompanying the
(II)
silver.
The sequence
of types
The
10s
ANTIOCHUS
IX.
Seleui^td
Mint of Antioch
Upon the murder of Grypus by his minister of war HeracHon, AnIX Cyzieenus apparently was able to seize Antioeh once more.
tioehus
who proclaimed
414
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
Antiochus
IX
to
r.
of
Fillet border.
BASIAEQS
Rev.
ANTIOXOY
<t>IA0TTAT0P02 (to
waist, enthroned to
1.,
(to
r.)
Zeus, naked to
1.).
holds wreath-bear-
r.,
rests
on
1.
sceptre.
laurel
wreath.
On
1.,
Beneath throne,
outside inscription,
or
Sothebv, Bunbury Sale, no. 577, Plate XII; Paris, no. 1480 (PI. xxvi, 10); Coll.
Walcher de Molthein, no. 3057 (PI. xxviii); Hirsch, Weber Sale, 1908, no. 4131
L.
(PL
415
liv);
Newell.
TETRADRACFOr.
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
A-
inscription, H.
1.,
Newell, Plate XII (formerly Egger Sale xlv, 1913, no. 774); London, no. 5 (PI.
XXV, 1); Egger Sale, Jan., 190s, no. 654 (PI. xx).
4J6
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Schulman, White-King
A.
outside
vii).
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
A.
jp
On
1.,
outside
Beneath throne,
Jameson
4J8
inscrip-
1., between
figure and
Beneath throne, A.
627 (PL
1.,
On
inscription, TT.
417
On
Rev. Similar.
tion,
Coll., no.
inscrip-
TT.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
A.
I
On
L,
outside
Beneath throne,
N.
inscrip-
DRACHM.
4t9
Obv. Similar
oiicle.
rudder
in
r.,
cornucopiae in
side inscription,
London,
420
109
XII
Glasgow (Hunterian
On
1.
1.,
out-
TT.
Coll.), nos. 11
and
12.
HEMIDRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
Paris, no.
1481
Winged Nike
to
1.
1.,
outside inscription, ^.
r.
On
Not only has there been some discussion as to when and where the
above series was struck, but it has even been doubted*'' that it was issued
by Cyzicenus. The portrait is unlike any other known one of Antiochus IX in that it is clean shaven.
Comparing the tetradrachms with those of the fourth reign of
Grypus in Antioeh and those of Seleucus A^I (Plate XII) we see that
because of style, fabric, and monograms the present series can only fall
between the coins of those two sovereigns.
The monogram A and the
letter TT occur on the last coins of Grypus (nos. 405 and 407) while on
the coins of Seleucus we find not only A but, in addition, the letter N
which is to be seen beneath the throne on no. 418 (Cyzicenus) but not
on any of Grypus' latest issues. These coins of Cyzicenus must belong
to Antioeh, as they are of identical fa])ric with this city's coinage under
the preceding king as well as imder the later kings.
We have already
found the monogram A used on the Antiochene issues in and from the
time of Antiochus YH, while the letter A (which ma/j denote the Antiochene mint) has accompanied the monogram of the supervising magistrate for Antiochus VII, VIII and IX.
All these evidences combined
place the coins in question at Antioeh between the death of Antiochus
YIII Grypus and the arrival in that city of Seleucus VI.
In looking closely at the portrait of Cyzicenus on these coins we
recognize that although it is clean shaven, still it has a decidedly older
look than the portrait on the issues of this monarch which we have
,
loc. cit.,
appendix V.
Thk Skleui
110
III
Mint
<<f
^Vnthh
ii
on his
a]t]tear
young
tii-st
eoiii
8>'rian of to-day.
By
!)(
many
have
and
gr()\vn gross
fleshy.
years
!)6
to
9.")
B.C.
There
*IA0TTAT0P05
ai'e
IX Cyzicenus.
In s])eaking of the war whi(di raged lietween Cyzicenus and Seleucus after the death of Crypus, Euselius distiu</tly mentions the fact
Our coius undouI)tedly show that Cyzithat Cyziceiuis held Antioidi.^cenus held Antioidi almost immediately after the death of (Try]>us, and
that some months must have elapsed l>efore Seleucus was able to dispossess him.
It may Ije to this period, when Cyzicenus found himself
hard pressed liy Seleucus YI and in great nee<I of funds, that the story
Antioidius
related
and
re]la<;ed
by one of
gilt.
A,
(tig.
27),
Cat.,
Eusebiiis (Kd- Srlincur) ' Aiitidkluis vero Kizikenus exercitu collettci ex Antiokhia urbe,
cominisso devictus est
rniversuiii itaque rcgnuni ad Seleukum veniebat, et Antiokhiani ubtinuit.
^"
et praelio
TiiK
Sei.eucid
SELEU(_;US VI.
Mint of
Ruled
111
Antiui^ui
in Antioch, !)r)-94 B. C.
Seleucus
lattle
With monogram
TnI
his
TETRADRACHM.
42J
Obv.
Diademed head
of Seleucus
VI
to
Fillet border.
r.
naked
rests
1.
enthroned to
waist,
to
Nike
wreath-bearing
"N
holds
r.,
on sceptre.
On
by laurel wreath.
tion,
1.,
outstretched
in
L, outside inscrip-
Beneath throne, A.
A.
I
Newell, Plate XII (formerlj' Hirsch, Philipsen Sale, no. 29.37); Glasgow (Hunterian Coll.), no. 7
422
(PL
Paris, no.
1.513
xi).
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
On
Similar.
lii'v.
tion, A
"N
1.,
outside
Beneath throne,
A.
inscripA.
TETRADRACHM.
tion,
"FI
Egger Sale
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
1.,
outside
Beneath throne,
A.
inscripN.
1912, no.
specimen.
b.
424
With monogram
f.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
()n
Similar.
Jiei'.
L,
outside
inscrip-
Beneath throne, C.
A.
f
no.
Newell, Plate XII (formerly Egger Sale xJi, 1912,
755), same obverse die as
Egger specimen catalogued under no. 423 Paris, no. 1511 (PL xxvii, 1); Newell.
tion,
425
TETRADRACHM.
VI
slightly
side inscription,
bearded.
Jameson
Coll., no.
A.
On
L, out-
Beneath throne,
C.
The
112
426
Mist of Antioch
iSelbucid
DRACHM.
Ner.
BA^IAEQS
ETTI<t>ANOYS
ed Nike to
On
r.
r.
Jameson
427
Coll., no.
1.,
(to r.)
outside inscription,
To
A-
DRACHM.
Olw.
Bearded portrait
to
r.
,
side
Paris, nos.
ETTI*AN0Y2.
inscription,
figure
428
SEAEYKOY
of Nike, C.
Egger Sale
1.
NIKATOPOS(tol.). Wing-
On
A-
and inscription,
On
1.,
1.,
out-
between
C-
HEMIDRACHM.
Eev.
BA^IAEQS
2EAEYK0Y
(to r.)
NIKAT0P05(tol.). DouETTI<t>AN0Y2
On 1.,
ble cornucopiae bound with taenia.
I
outside inscription,
To
London, nos.
5,
The Antiochene
and
9.
issues of
1.
Paris, no.
(perhaps ?
?).
of cornucopiae, C-
Seleucus
VI
tig,
issues of the
and are
beard.
all
28
.-
lig.
21)
The
Mi^'t of ANrmcii
Si;i,kuciii
IIS
In addition to the silver coins there was also stru<'k a bronze coin(I) Head of Seleucns, reverse,
age of two denominations as follows
Apollo standing leaning against column (fig. 2S)
(II) Similar head,
The monogram P is found on all these pieces.
reverse, Tripod (fig. 29)
:
ANTIOCHUS
On
X.
named Antio-
chus, asserted his claim to the throne and declared himself king as
429
monogram j^.
^Vith
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv.
Diademed head
of
Antiochus
X to
BASIAEQS
Rev.
EYSEBOYS
Fillet border.
r.
Zeus, naked to
ANTIOXOY
<t>IAOTTATOPOS
waist, enthroned
wreath-bearing Nike in
rests
to
1.
r.)
L).
holds
outstretched
r.,
on sceptre.
1.
(to
(to
London,
b.
430
no. 1
With monogram
;g.
TETRADRAGHiNI.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion, jT
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
Beneath throne, A.
London, no. 2 (PI. xxvi, 1); JameA-
431
DRACHM.
Ohv. Similar
head
in dotted circle.
ing to
piae in
Glasgow (Hunterian
XIII
1.
1.
holds rudder in
On
r.,
L, outside inscription,
Paris, no.
f
8).
A.
The
114
.Sei.eucid
Mint of .Axiioch
HEMIDRACIJM.
432
Ohi'.
Iiev.
Nike
r.,
Inscription
to
1.
palin branch in
scription,
as
above.
Winged
1.
On
1.,
outside in-
A.
I
fiir
Numismatik, 1912,
Head
as before, reverse.
i
Winged Xike.
tig- ^'O
On
fig.
monogram g
31
of Eusebes'
own
The
Seleucii)
Mint op Antioch
115
in 93 B. C.
The tetradrachm described below proves that greater success attended the efforts of Grypus' two sons, Antiochus and Philip, to avenge
the defeat of their oldest brother Seleueus VI at the hands of Antiochus X Eusebes than our classical sources would seem to suggest. The
writings of our Greek and Roman historians, incomplete and contradictory as they are, speak only of a great battle fought outside of Antioch, in which the brothers were totally defeated by Antiochus X.
The elder of the two, Antiochus XI, is said to have lost his life in attempting to escape after the battle by swimming across the Orontes.
None of the writers definitely state that the brothers ever succeeded in
actually entering Antioch and holding it, even for a short time.
But
the following coin now proves that not only did Antiochus Philadelphus capture Antioch in the first flush of his success, but that he was
able to hold it long enough for its mint to strike at least a few coins in
his name. The number certainly could not have been large as only one
specimen is so far known to have come down to us, but it is sufficient
to prove that the city did fall into the hands of Philadelphus, and that
this must have taken place previous to the great battle in which he was
defeated and eventually lost his life. His brother Philip made good
his escape into Cilicia, from which he emerged not long afterwards to
try conclusions once more with Eusebes.
433
TETRADRACHM.
Obv.
tor.
Diademed head
of Antiochus
XI
Rev.
BASIAEQS
ETTI't'ANOYS
Fillet border.
enthroned to
in
1.,
outstretched
ANTIOXOY
(to
r.)
rests
1.
on sceptre.
The
1.,
throne,
Berlin, Plate
A-
v,
19).
This attribution, which would amplify if not correct certain statements of our classical sources, is not based on the mere interpretation
of some complicated monogram. This latter form of historical " reconstruction " has most unfortunately been far too (Jften attempted by
116
to the great
detriment
of the
consequent
the
satisfaction of the discoverer, but to
trustworthiness of the Science of Numismatics. If correctly and scientifically handled, there is no surer or more trustworthy aid to the history
of these times than their coinages, but every sane historian rightly looks
with suspicion on the " discoveries " made in the past by numismatists
numismatists,
particularly with
In the present case the attribution of no. 433 to the mint at AnComparing
tioch rests primarily on consideration of style and fabric.
the coin with the Antiochene issues of Seleucus YI, Antiochus X, and
Demetrius III, as shown on our plates, the striking resemblance between them all is unmistakable. In fact the obverses of nos. 433 and
422 are so similar that a second look must be taken to make Sure that
the dies are not identical. It is most probable that the same die cutter
was used for both. Closely following the system of control at Antioch,
our coin displays a supervisor's monogram in the field on the left between the inscription and the laurel wreath. Accompanying this monogram is the usual A of the coinages of Antiochus VII and all the later
rulers from Grypus on. Under the throne is A the monogram of an
official who for years has been the most active subordinate in our mint.
Finally, as in the preceding issues of Antiochus X and the succeeding
issues of Demetrius III and Philip, Antiochus XI is here given two
iig. ;i2
titles.
Taken together, these evidences of the community of origin of
the coinages of the above kings would seem to be clearly substantiated,
and Antioch will have henceforth to be considered as on-e of the mints
The
ISei.eui id
Mixr hf A.ntioch
117
make
it
is
DEMETRIUS
III.
Reigned
in
it
to our mint.
we gather
X out of all
Syria.
is
of
In 89 B. C. we find Philip and Demetrius themwith Demetrius besieging his brother in Beroea. The
Era.^'""
HI,
pp. 143-144.
118
434
TETRADRACHM.
Obi>.
tor.
Diademed head
Demetrius III
of
BA^IAEQS
Bev.
"t'lAOMHTOPO^
Fillet border.
wreath-bearing
rests
by laurel wreath.
tion, GD
TT
On
1.,
r.,
outside inscrip-
Beneath throne,
A.
holds
on sceptre.
1.
1.,
Nike in outstretched
A-
435
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar,
but portrait
is
bearded.
Eev.
<t)|A0TrAT0P05
^QTHP05 (to
Zeus seated as on previous coin. On
(to r.)
1.).
1.,
outside
throne,
Paris, no. 1570, Plate
XIII
Coll. L.
inscription,
Walcher de Molthein,
A.
Beneath
A
and
with, in each
of previous reigns.
For the bronze issues we have two pieces described in the Paris collection (nos. 1574 and 1575) which seem to belong here.
They have for
their obverse type the head of Demetrius as on no. 435, for reverse a
standing Hermes while one of the monograms found on them is the
00
TT
N,
The titles given to Demetrius on these particular bronzes are identical with those found on the tetradrachm no. 435.
of the tetradrachms.
The
Mint op Antioch
Sei.eucid
119
PHILIP PHILADELPHUS.
Reigned in Antioch, 89-83 B. C.
a.
With
N.
TETRADRACHM.
436
Ohv.
Diademed head
of
Philip
to
r.
Fillet border.
BA2IAEQ5
^lAITTTTOY (to r.)
^lAAAEA^OY (toL). Zeus,
Rev.
ETTI<t>AN0Y2
naked
to
seated to
waist,
1.
on throne,
On
wreath.
1.,
Beneath throne,
J.
Ward
<t>
and
A-
With
b.
outside inscription, N
letter in field.
TETRADRACHM.
437
On
Bfr. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
A-
"f
outside
1.,
Beneath throne,
inscrip-
A-
London,
nos. 1,
2,
and 3
Newell (two specimens); Paris, nos. 1546 (PL xxvii, 14) and 1547
746 Roll. & Feuard. Sale, June, 1913, no. 338 (PI. xi).
Petrograd, no.
438
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
A.
<t>
On
L,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
London,
439
A-
Beneath throne,
inscription-, A.
no. 8.
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,.
A.
<(>
On
1.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
London,
440
no. 9
Jameson
Coll., no.
A-
Beneath throne,
inscription, H.
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
A.
<t>
On
1.,
1.,
outside
inscription 0.
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no. 2;
inscrip-
Beneath throne,
The
120
44J
Sei.euc'id
Mint of Antioch
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
On
A-
<()
1.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
Beneath throne, A.
PetroParis, nos. 165-1: (PL xxvii, 16) and 1557
Glasgow (Hunterian Coll.), no. 3.
inscription, N.
London,
442
XIII
Newell
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
On
A.
<{>
1.,
outside
inscrip-
inscription, 0.
1.,
443
TETRADRACHM.
tion,
On
A.,
<))
inscription,
;
outside
inscrip-
<)>.
1.,
c.
444
1.,
London, no. 11
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
A.
In ex-
outside
inscrip-
Beneath throne,
A.
<))
I
ergue, A.
Glasgow (Hunterian
445
Coll.), no.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
On
1.,
Beneath throne.
A.
4>
A-
In ex-
outside
inscrip-
ergue, A.
446
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
tion,
On
1.,
Beneath throne,
A.
<t>
A-
In ex-
outside
inscrip-
ergue, M.
Newell.
447
TETRADRACHM.
Ohv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
tion,
1.,
Beneath throne,
A.
4)
On
ergue, N.
Glasgow (Hunterian
Coll.), no. 9
London, no. 15
A-
I" ex-
Til
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
On
Similar.
L'ev.
tion,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
A.
In ex-
Beneath throne,
A.
<t>
I
ergue,
Glasgow (Hunterian
TT.
10
Coll.), no.
(PI. vii).
449
TETRADRACHM.
Oh:
Similar.
On
Bev. Similar.
tion,
outside
1.,
Beneath throne,
A.
<1>
inscrip-
A.
In ex-
outside
inscrip-
ergue, 2.
Paris, no.
450
1548
London,
no. 4
Newell.
TETRADRACHM.
Obv. Similar.
On
Rev. Similar.
tion,
A.
<t>
1.,
Beneath throne,
A-
In ex-
ergue, T.
Glasgow (Hunterian
45J
Coll.), no. 11
With
d.
TETRADRACHM.
letters in field
and exergue.
"
Obv. Similar.
On
Rev. Similar.
tion,
On
1.,
outside
inscrip-
A-
<t>
I
scription, A.
].,
ergue, H.
London, no. 12
452
,
Paris, no.
1560
Glasgow (Hunterian
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
On
A-
<})
I
scription,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
[A].
1.,
exergue, H-
(PL
Glasgow (Hunterian
xxvii, 17);
Coll.), no. 6.
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
tion,
On
A.
<t>
1.,
1.,
outside
inscrip-
inscription,
exergue, G.
London, no.
14.
|.
Beneath throne,
A.
In
122
Presence of *
e.
454
A doubtful, monograms in
field
and exergue.
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
and
between figure
1.,
Beneath throne, J^.
inscription, ^.
In exergue, f^.
Glasgow (Hunterian
455
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
and
inscription,
On
^.
between figure
1.,
Beneath throne. A-
In exergue, "PsT-
Glasgow (Hunterian
456
TETRADRACHM.
On
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
and
inscription,
between figure
I.,
Beneath throne, ^.
rfi-
457
TETRADRACHM.
Rev.
Ohv. Similar.
and
throne,
1553
Paris, no.
458
Coll. E.
On
Similar.
inscription, UU or
A.
In exergue, AN.
Ser.,
1912,
PL
xi,
9).
TETRADRACHjM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
On
and inscription, ^.
J.
459
between figure
^. Beneath
1.,
(j^
Ward
between figure
1.,
Beneath throne, /^.
XIII.
TETRADRACHM.
Rev. Similar.
Ohv. Similar.
and
inscription,
neath throne,
A-
On
AH
1.,
between figure
|
In exergue,
GP.
Be-
?.
Owing
number
worked out
as thoroughly
'
'
'
The mint
1'I'6
supervisf)r N
name,
is
<t>
'
'
-I-
<t>
||
'
'
chene issue.
Mention, at least, should here be made of another large and imporThis series is
tant series of tetradrachms bearing the name of Philip.
characterized by the monogram )^ or Xb to be seen in the field, and the
numerical letters r, A, H, Bl, 01, K, KA, BK, KA, SK, IK, HK, OK in the exergue. These coins are all of a peculiar style which differs widely from
that found on the remainder of Philip's issues. The portrait, too, is
unlike that exhibited by the coins we have just been studying. The
alphabetical numbers probably represent dates, for if they had been
used as serial numbers to designate successive issues of coin, every one
from A to K would have been employed. This would not necessarily
have been the case if the numbers denote years, regnal or otherwise.
The
124
Sei.eui id
]\Iixt
of Antiocr
To maintain
constant wars,
against his
was forced
to .wage
own
against Antiochus
X who had
50
iii,
See Maedonald, Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the Hunterian Collection, Glasgow, vol.
pages
141!,
144.
TKiRANES
Ruled
of Antkk h
125
OF ARMENIA,
in Aiitioeh 83-69 B. C.
69-G5 B. C.
Antioch of the
last of the Seleucid kings actually ruling in that city
Antiochus XIII,
nicknamed Asiaticus. That he did strike coins seems to the writer
probable almost beyond discussion. Antioch, the metropolis of Syria
and one of the largest and most important cities of the East, had possessed an active mint for about two centuries.
Her coinages had been
both continuous and unusually prolific. Antiochus XIII was king by
right of descent, by acknowledgement of the Syrians themselves (Appian, Syr. 49) and finally by solemn consent of Lucullus (Just, xl, 2,
Syria was not defi3) who had recently forced Tigranes out of Syria.
coming
nitely made a Roman province until the
of Pompey and was there fore still an independent state and in a position to issue its own money.
Why then have numismatists found it so difficult to satisfactorily assign
any coins to the thirteenth Antiochus when everything would point to
the fact that he must have issued suchf The answer evidently is that
numismatists have not made themselves sufficiently acquainted with
the true sequence and style of preceding Antioehene issues and have
therefore committed the unfortunate error of assigning to Antiochus
XI the following coins which by style, fabric, and inscription can only
belong to the time of Antiochus XIII.
at
" Xum.
vol.
ii,
1902.
The
\-2Vi
Mi^t of Antiucm
Ski.eic'ID
fig.
460
Ol.r.
to
1-.
ill
33
TETRA DRACHM.
Diademed
fillet
hea<l of
A ntiocluis
Rrv.
XIII
BASIAEQS
<t>IAAAEA<t>OY
border.
(to
waist, seated to
1.
ANTIOXOY
Zeus,
1.).
1.,
Newell
(fig-.
33)
Paris, no.
xii,
1912,
l.');!8
(PL
p. 3(;3, no.
ill
r.)
naked to
(to
The whole
r.,
I'ests
1.
in laurel wreath.
on
On
xxvii,
32 (PI.
xli,
1912, no.
761 (PI. xxi); Egger Sale xlv, 1913, no. 741 (PI. xx).
461
TETRADRACILM.
Ohr. Similar.
/?''''.
^.
Newell, Plate XIII
Egger Sale
Similar.
On
P>eneath throne,
1.,
in front of
Zeus,
P.
Coll., no.
We
(page 117)
to
as
The
coins, to
I'Zi
l^S
TiiK
cullus
Sici.EUCii)
Ml^T of Antioch
mission to Rome.
Antiochus XIII was the last of the Seleucid princes ruling in
Syria
as Appian expressly states (b. c. Y. 10, Syr. 70).
With his
coins we have also reached the end of the long, varied, and therefore
unusually interesting series which bears the names, portraits, and types
of such scions of the House of Seleucus, or base pretenders to that
proud name, as held sway in their great capital at Antioch.
^'^
ing several
titles.
tlie
less
than four.
were given
to the habit of
assum-
129
RESUME
Coinage and Mint.
In the preceding pages we have studied the coinage of our mint,
ruler by ruler.
A more general treatment of the coinage as a whole
may not be out of place in order that we may secure a general perspec five of the issues, that we may see how they connect the one with the
other, and why they should be assigned to Antioch.
Under Antiochus III we have found a coinage of gold oktadrachms
and staters, silver tetradrachms and drachms, which fall naturally into
three series corresponding more or less closely to the three main phases
the early years of his reign, (II) the eastern
expedition, (III) his Phoenician conquests and the war with Rome.
Series I we found growing immediately out of the issues of Seleucus
II and III and bound with them by the common monograms 2 and V
The portrait of Antiochus is that of a young man, the time limit
easily contained in the space of some seventeen years during which he
grew from a youth of eighteen to a man of about thirty -five. The latter part of this series is made conspicuous by the sudden introduction
of a fillet border decoration in the place of the older beaded border.
Series II continues this same fillet decoration, the magistrate t is no
longer active, but is there to prove that Series II is but the continuation of Series I and therefore from the same mint, as Dr. ImhoofBlumer has already pointed out. Attention should be called to the peculiar custom of placing the fillet border only on the tetradrachms, coins
of smaller module, such as gold stater and silver drachm, still bearing
the beaded border. The portrait of Antiochus on this series is that of
There now follows Series III bearing the head
a somewhat older man.
of that ruler's life
(I)
that Dr. Macdonald in his catalogue of the Hunthas already made this observation, and furthermore
It certainly gives me great pleassuggests that we should look for this common mint at Antioch.
ure to make the discovery that our observations, arrived at separately, tally so exactly.
53
The
iii,
p. 31,
130
from
studied of Seleucus
lY
and
at the
Considering these
of his none too numerous coinages.
points together, only Antioch, the capital and the commercial as well
as political centre of the empire, can possibly be thought of as a loca-
mogeneous
This coinage of Seleucus lY merges easily into that of his successor Antiochus lY.
On this we see not only the head of Antiochus
himself but also that of his little son of like name, a mere child of not
more than two years of age. The magistrate 4- serving under Seleucus
lY as well as under Antiochus lY, is definite proof of the connection
between the two issues. Towards the middle of Antiochus lY's reign
the flans upon which his coins were struck show a tendency to grow
broader and thinner, while various titles are added to his name. Introducing his last issue and closely conforming to it in style, fabric, and
inscriptions, comes the interesting and special series with the Zeus
Olympics and Apollo Kitharoedos types. The close connection between these coins and the famous celebrations held at Daphne is too
obvious to be further insisted upon here. Because of this it will hardly
be denied that the coins themselves could only have been struck at
Antioch.
The ordinary coinage of Antiochus lY was followed by an exactly
similar one issued in his son's name, many of the same magistrates
Closely linked by the same monograms comes the coinage
officiating.
of Demetrius I who succeeded Antiochus Y.
In the seventh year of
Demetrius' reign, or the one hundred and fifty-eighth of the Seleucid
Era, a reform was made in the visible control of the coinage. Heretofore, as a rule, only one magistrate signed each reverse die, no matter
how many such officials chanced to be in office at the same time. This
is very neatly illustrated by our nos. 99, 100, and 101.
The magistrates
who
by the
Tiiii
Ski.eucid
Mint of Antioch
181
controller
of
whom
places his
monogram on
troller's.
132
of Antioch
and may, not improbably, denote the mint Antioch. I would not insist
on this except for the fact that after the two following reigns of Demetrius II (2nd term) and Alexander II the A makes its reappearance,
and is henceforth found on all the tetradrachms struck at our mint until
the fall of the Seleucid kings and the accession of the Armenian Tigranes. Besides, this A is always found in the same place, namely
beneath the monogram of the supervising magistrate. As it occurs in
the reigns covering the years 138 to 129 B. C. and 121 to 83 B. C. its
,
is
we are
whose name commenced
with this
letter
133
134
scendants of the
first
Seleucus that
now
embracing little more than the valley of the Orontes. Tigranes put a
temporary end to this coinage and introduced in its stead a type of
purely local significance, but more worthy of the proud city of Antioch,
still destined to remain, under Roman rule, the great and puissant
mistress of the East.
of Antioch
135
at this time.
many
became of poorer and more stereotyped style, of lighter weight and more debased metal as the puppet
kings in whose name it was struck grew weaker in power, ability, resources, and morals.
past, the Seleucid, too, gradually
136
Demetrius
201 should be
II (First reign)
The monogram
(9i
TABLE OF ISSUES
No.
Denomination
On
left
In exergvie
138
No.
of Antioch
Ni).
140
No.
No.
14-.!
The
Xo.
Shi.ki'cid
jNTint
of Antiocii
143
The
144
No.
Denomination
On
Sei.eucid
Mint of Antioch
In exergne
left
Antiochus VI
Group a
216
The
No.
.Seleuoid
Mint op Antioch
145
146
No.
of Antioch
322
On
Denomination
left
Drachm
323
824
325
no
letters
Alexander
Group a
326
II
147
148
The Seleucid
No.
Denomination
On
^VFint
of Antiooh
left
Tetradrachm
388
389
390
391
Diachiii
392
393
Hemidrachm
394
395
Diobol
396
Teti-adraclim
397
"
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
Dracliin
405
Tetradrachm
406
407
408
409
Drachm
410
411
412
413
Hemidrachm
414
Tetradrachm
415
416
417
418
419
420
Drachm
Hemidrachm
Beneath throne
reign)
149
150
TiiK
N^o.
Ski.ki'ciii
Mixt op Axtioch
151
Plate
-i ^"-^r-~-
'
'n
10
12
15
SELEUCUS
II
(1),
SELEUCUS
111
(3-4),
ANTIOCHUS
III
(7-18)
Plate
ANTIOCHUS
111
(19-30),
SELEUCUS
IV
(31-35)
II
Plate
37
46
SELEUCUS IV
(37-40),
ANTIOCHUS
IV
(42-44, 54-55).
ANTIOCHUS V
(45-52)
111
Plate
IV
,;3*i
63
64
-;>
>=-->--
67
TO
^fj^
75
''^^^'
ANTIOCHUS
IV
(56-70).
ANTIOCHUS V
(74-77)
-''?
'r^
-.^'^^
^<
Plate
DEMETRIUS
Plate
DEMETRIUS
VI
Plate VII
DEMETRIUS
(109-130),
ALEXANDER
(135-192).
Plate Vlll
'-''Hi,
165
IDS
'*-2i?y -'<;/
228
ALEXANDER
2;!2
(165-170),
DEMETRIUS
II
(198-215),
ANTIOCHUS
VI (216-232).
Plate
276
273
'St
a
mMw
[f>^:
2S3
ANTIOCHUS
287
VI
(222-259),
TRYPHON
(261-267),
ANTIOCHUS
VII (273-287)
IX
Plate
JU
V'^^'
m^
%^i.i>.
3
320
347
^\^-^
342
Di353
ANTIOCHUS
VII (304-315),
DEMETRIUS
II
(320-323),
ALEXANDER
II
(329-353).
...
Plate
.'''dp*
'
J^>
y^ti
362
i^JTr^l^'
371
"^^^2^^
'nC^^
-^
'M-
iSSN
390
^S%.
393
3!)2
first
first
XI
reign (362-376),
Plate
XII
^'j
'^:/l
I
424
426
VV
42S
Fourth reign (405-410),
VI (421-428).
->
Plate XIII
4:i5(a)
43(1
441
448
4r,,s
'%
4r,l
ANTIOCHUS X
(429-431),
(436-458)