EMERGENCY VEHICLE ACCELERATING TRAFFIC CONTROL

FOR URBAN CITIES USING WIRELESS SENSORS

Sivaranjani , Sobhiya
Student, DMI Engineering College
sofis2317@gmail.com
of traffic lights, navigation systems can
recommend drivers with better path
planning.
ABSTRACT: Traffic light sensing aims to
detect states of road traffic lights, which
Traffic light state information is also
play an important role in many
valuable
to design of wireless vehicular
applications, such as traffic management,
network. The data delivery performance of
traffic lights optimization, real-time
a vehicular network is highly dependent on
automobile navigation .The theme of this
the mobility of vehicles which is greatly
project is to provide priority over
influenced by traffic lights. Existing study
emergency vehicles at traffic roads
of vehicular networks rarely touches the
especially in highly congested areas.
impact of traffic lights on vehicle mobility.
Initially the count of the signal will be fixed
This is mainly due to the lack of state
and based on it traffic signal will be
information of traffic lights. Therefore,
automatically controlled according to the
traffic light sensing is of great importance
traffic density. But when any emergency
as it lays the foundation for a lot of
vehicle approaches towards the signal,
exciting applications. However, traffic light
automatically green signal will be provided
sensing in a large-scale urban area is very
in its individual lane in which the vehicle
challenging. A possible approach to
approaches the signal while the traffic to
automatic traffic light sensing is to deploy
other lanes is temporarily stopped. This
cameras at intersections and apply image
can be done even based on priority of the
processing
vehicle approaching towards the signal.
For this purpose, two IR sensors are
placed at a distance of approximately of
one km, and are used to communicate
between two vehicles regarding the speed
at sharp curves. At an instant when the
emergency vehicle crosses a signal, it will
intimate the next signal to turn on green
signal using microcontroller. So the other
vehicles in the lane clear the traffic and
allow the emergency vehicles to move
forward without any delay towards its
destination. After few minutes when the
emergency vehicle crosses the lane to its
specified route, signal will be restored to
its original state. Another IR sensor at
transmitting side is used to find the traffic
density. If the second IR sensor from the
signal senses a threshold value the timings
are adjusted accordingly. This provides a
better traffic management while the timing
delay to wait is much more minimized.
Keywords: Traffic light sensing -traffic
lights optimization - Traffic management
emergency vehicle RFID sensors
1. INTRODUCTION
A number of research projects, concerning
traffic light optimization are being carried
out. To perform traffic lights optimization,
traffic light state information of the past
and the present is an important input. In
addition, with real - time state information

methods to recognize the states of a traffic

light. In today's urban area, some of such
video cameras have been deployed for
traffic violation monitoring. Nevertheless,
this approach is limited by the coverage of
video camera deployment. Furthermore,
this approach requires the uploading of
videos, which is bandwidth- consuming,
and considerable computation resources.
2. SYSTEM MODEL
This section presents the system model for
the wireless architecture using sensors for
the automated traffic light control system.
The system architecture consists of an AVR
microcontroller with a zigbee module.

When an emergency vehicle approaches the

traffic signal RF transmitter placed at the
vehicle will transmit a signal when it
matches with the RF tag placed at the road.
The overall intimation signal is passed to
the zigbee module. The zigbee transmitter
transmits the signal to the zigbee receiver
along with the microcontroller which is
placed at the traffic signal. The traffic lights
gets controlled automatically with the help
of the microcontroller and starts to operate
accordingly when the emergency vehicle
arrives. The buzzer is used to indicate the
arrival of the emergency vehicle to the
public waiting in the traffic signal.
2.1 Emergency vehicle
An emergency vehicle could be either an
ambulance or a fire engine. Still there are
no prevailing technologies that give
priority for the fast movement for the
ambulance in highly congested areas. So
this project would be an efficient technique
for the prioritization for the emergency
vehicle in urban cities. For this technique,
an RF transmitter is placed at the
emergency vehicle to send a signal to the
RF receiver placed at the road.

2.2 RFID
RFID stands for Radio Frequency
Identifier. It consists of a RF transmitter
and a RF receiver. The RFID ranges for
approximately 12MHz to 30 GHz.
Normally radio frequency ranges for
around 3 kHz to 300 GHz, which
corresponds to the frequency of radio
waves, and the alternating currents which
carry radio signals. RF usually refers to
electrical
rather
than
mechanical
oscillations; however, mechanical RF
systems do exist.
2.3Zigbee module
The name Zigbee refers to the waggle
dance of honey bees after their return to
the beehive. Data transmission rates vary
from 20 kilobits/second in the 868 MHz
frequency band to 250 kilobits/second in
the 2.4 GHz frequency band. ZigBee is
used in applications that require only a low
data rate, long battery life, and secure
networking.

It is ATmega series microcontroller. Here

for this project ATmega 16 AVR is used.
Various ports are used for the control of the
signals

2.4 AVR microcontroller

AVR stands for Advanced Virtual RISC. It
is an 8-bit single chip microcontroller
which can perform parallel processing. It
contains some of the on chip memories like
flash, SRAM, EEPROM etc. It is a
modified version of Harvard architecture
machine.

2.4.1 Pin description

VCC Digital
supply
voltage
GNDGround
Port A(PA7PA0) Port A serves as the
analog input to the A/D converter. It also

serves as an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port, if

the A/D converter is not used.
Port B(PB7...PB0) It is an 8-bit
bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-up
resisters
Port C(PC7...PC0) - It is an 8-bit
bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-up
resisters. It also serves the function of a
JTAG interface and other special features
of ATmega 16

Port D (PD7...PD0) - It is an 8-bit

bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-up
resisters.
RESET- Reset Input. A low level on this
pin for longer than minimum pulse length
will generate a reset, even if the clock is
not running.
XTAL1- Input to the inverting oscillator
amplifier and input to the internal clock
operating circuit.
XTAL2 Output from the inverting
oscillator amplifier. AVCC AVCC is the
supply voltage pin for Port A and the A/D
convertor. It should be externally connected
to Vcc, even if the ADC is not used. If the
ADC is used, it should be connected to Vcc
through a low-pass filter.
AREF AREF is the analog reference pin
for the A/D convertor.
2.5 Seven Segment display
A seven segment display is the most basic
electronic display device that can display
digits from 0-9. They find wide application
in devices that display numeric information
like digital clocks, radio, microwave ovens,
electronic meters etc. The most common
configuration has an array of eight LEDs
arranged in a special pattern to display
these digits. They are laid out as a squaredoff figure 8. Every LED is assigned a
name from 'a' to 'h' and is identified by its
name. Seven LEDs 'a' to 'g' are used to
display the numerals while eighth LED 'h'
is used to display the dot/decimal. A seven
segment is generally available in ten pin
package. While eight pins correspond to the
eight LEDs, the remaining two pins (at
middle) are common and internally shorted.
These
segments
come
in
two
configurations, namely, Common cathode
(CC) and Common anode (CA). In CC
configuration, the negative terminals of all
LEDs are connected to the common pins.
The common is connected to ground and a
particular
LED
glows
when
its
corresponding pin is given high. In CA
arrangement, the common pin is given a
high logic and the LED pins are given low
to display a number.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM MODEL

3.1. Buzzer
Buzzer is placed in order to alert the public
waiting in the traffic. Buzzer alerts when
the emergency vehicle approaches the
traffic lane.
4. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

This paper has presented a system for

traffic light sensing in urban areas.
Although the number of probe reports in a
certain duration can be limited at a traffic
light, a new technique that determines the
state of a traffic light at any time is
proposed. The novel technique takes into
account both the observed measurements
and statistical features of traffic lights.
Evaluation
with
trace-driven
experimentation and field study shows that
this technique achieves as low as 5 percent
estimation error rate and more than 60
percent of the traffic lights in the urban
area have an estimation error rate lower
than 19 percent. First, the current approach
treats lights at different intersections
independently. Nevertheless, there is
correlation between lights at different
intersections. This suggests that the states
of other traffic lights can be exploited for
state estimation of the traffic light. Second,
the current work deals with two-state traffic
lights.
5. FUTURE WORK
Traffic lights in practical use may have
more than two states, example, left turn and
right turn. Future research will extend the
current approach to handle multistate traffic
lights. Finally, every traffic light may have
a different feature in terms of number of
vehicles passing by, if it has a loopdetector, it relative location to freeways,
and if its control is dynamic or not. To
reduce
complexity,
the
current
implementation of the approach adopts a
unified statistics for all traffic lights. The
negative impact of using the unified
statistics possible improvements is
explored, for example, classifying traffic

lights. This work could be further

implemented in railways as future work.
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