Simple Present tense.

Simple presenttence is a simple tense grammar.

1.

Function.
Simple past tense is used to :a. Describe states of feeling, thinking, like, dislikes.
b. Reading and answering set questions.
c. Describing habitual action or state.
d. Recount the plot of a story.
e. tell repeated action over a longer time.

2. Pattern + Examples
a. Pattern : (+) S + Be (is, am, are ) + V1 + Object / s
Examples : > I am Hungry.
> Refo eat fried rice.
> Reza plant flower.
> Rani cook fish.
(-) S + do/does + not +V1 + O / S + be + not + O
Examples : > I am not hungry.
> Refo does not eat fried rice.
> Reza does not plant flower.
> Rani does not cook fish.
(?) Be + S + O + ? / Do/ does + S + V1 + O + ?.
Examples : > Am I Hungry ?
> Does Refo eat fried rice?
>Does Reza plant a flower?
> Does Rani cook fish?

3. Examples from paragraph.

Mr. Lee is a bus driver. Every day,he gets up at 7:00 a. m. and prepare for his day.
He shower, eats his breakfast, and puts on his uniform. His wife drive him to the station
where he check in with his supervisor. Then, he gets on bus #405 and start the engine. He
pulls out of the parking lot and begins his route. At his first stop, he picks up Mrs. Miller,
who live in red house on the corner of main street and seventh avanue. She works at the post
office and has to be works by 9:00. At the next stop, the bartlett twins get on the bus. They
attend class at Bayside Elementary. More childern get on the next three stops, and they ride
until the bus reaches their school. Mr. Lee enjoys seeing kids every day and is happy to see
them again in the afternoon when he drives them safely back home.
www.esgold.com/grammar/simple_present.html
Explanation

he gets up at 7:00 a. m.
he check in with his supervisor
he gets on bus #405
he picks up Mrs. Miller,

Because the pattern is like a

simple present tense pattern.
(S + Be (is, am, are ) + V1 +
Object /..s) and (S + V1 /..s + O)

She works at the post office

the bartlett twins get on the bus
They attend class at Bayside Elementary
he drives them safely back home

Simple past tense

1. Function
Simple past tense is used to describe an action, an event, or condition that occured
in the past, sometime before the moments of speaking or writing. Simple Past Tense
also used to talk about a completed in a time before now. The time of the action can
be in the recent past or the distance past.
2. Pattern + Example
a. (+) S + be (was, were) + O
Example : > I was meet her
> they were in the restaurant

(-) S + be (was, were) + not + O

Example : > I was not meet her
> they were not in the restaurant
(?) be (was, were) + S + O + ?
Example : >was I meet her?
> Were they in the restaurant?
b. (+) S + V2 +O
Example : >Andy ate donut yesterday
> they went to Manado 5 days ago.
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O
Example : > Andy did not eat donut yesterday.
> they did not go to Manado 5 days ago.
(?) Did + S + V1 + O + ?
Example : >Did Andy eat donut yesterday?
> Did they go to Manado 5 days ago?
3. Examples on paragraph.
One day, a boy woke up with the feeling that the day was going to be an
unlucky day for him. He found that it was already 6:50 a. m., so he rushed into the
bathroom. In a hurry he did not see a piece of soap lying on the floor. He stepped on
it and slipped. Then, he went into the dining room for his breakfast. He gulped down
the tea withot realizing that it was so hot that it burned his tongue. Later he got
dressed and rushed to the bus stop. Unfortunately, he just missed the bus. His heart
sank and knew that he would be late for school and his teacher would be angry with
him again.

Explanation
We filled and italic the words because :
a boy woke up with the feeling that the day was going...
he rushed into the bathroom.
He stepped on it and slipped.

He gulped down the tea

he got dressed and rushed to the bus stop
it burned his tongue
Sentences with Modal

Because this
is using
Sentences with Modal or modal auxiliary verb are a very complex areasentences
of English grammar,
thhe simple past
so in this quick guide we will not be able to go into much detail, but we
will at
least get an
tense
pattern.
(S+be(was,were)+O)
overall idea of what their function is in a sentence.
and/or (S + V2 +O)

list of modals:
(+)

/ (-)

(+)

(-)

can

can't

ought to / ought not to

could

couldn't

might

may

may not

used to

/ didn't use to

shall

shall not

would

/ wouldn't

will

won't

have to /

should

/ shouldn't

must

might not

don't have to

/ must not

1. Function.
a. Modal verbs, are used to express functions such as:
1. Permission
2. Ability
3. Obligation
4. Prohibition
5. Lack of necessity
6. Advice
7. Posibility
8. Probability
b. Modal verb function as auxiiary verbs, modal verb modify the meaning of another
verb, which they govern. This verb generally appears as a bare infinitive, altough in
some definitions a modal verb can also govern the to-infinitive (as in the case of
ought).
2. Pattern and example

a. > (+) S + Modals + V1 + O

examples :
1). Andy could eat last night.
2). Susi can handle all problem.
3). You can give it to me
> (-) S + Modals (-) + V1 + O
Examples:
1). Andy couldnt eat last night.
2).Susi Cant handle all the problem.
3). You cant give it to me.
> (?) Modals + S + V1 + O
Examples :
1). Could Andy eat last night?
2). Can Susi handle all the poblem?
3). Can you give it to me?
b.

(+) S + Modals + be + O
Examples :
1). He can be an enterpreneur.
2). Rima must be here tonight.
3). Ade might be a sailor.
(-) S + modals + not + be + O
Examples :
1). He cant be an enterpreneur.
2). Rima musnt be here tonight.
3. Ade might not be sailor.
(?) Modals + S + be + O
Examples :
1). Can he be an enterpreneur?
2). Must Rima be here tonight?
3) Might Ade be a sailor ?

3. Examples in a paragraph and Explanation.

After arriving home from the movies one night, i decided that i was not going to
be a moviegoer anymore. I was tired of the problems involved in getting to the movies
and dealing with the theater itself and some of the patros. The next day I arranged to
have cabble TV service installed in my home. I may now see movies a bit later than
other people, but lll be more relaxed watching box office hits in the comfort of my
own living room.
www.gallaudet.edu/tip/english_center/writing/essay/5-paragraph_essay_and_outline_the
_hazards_of _moviegoing.html

Explanation :
We filled and italic the words because :
I may now see movies = same like a the pattern of the modal auxiliary (S + Modals + V1 + O)
lll be more relaxed watching box office hits in the comfort of my own living room = ill in
this word means I will, will words include in Modal auxiliary word.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE is formed with a present tense form of "to have" plus the past
participle of the verb (which can be either regular or irregular in form). This tense indicates
either that an action was completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the past or that
the action extends to the present.
1. Function
To describe action that began in the past and continues into the present or has just

been completed at the moment of utterance.

To suggest that the past action still has an effect upon something happening in the

present.
2. Pattern and Examples
a. (+) S + have/has + V3
Example :
1). I have played 1 hour ago.
2). Andi has walked yesterday.
3). They have studied last week.

(-) S + have/has + not + V3

Example :
1). I have not played 1 hour ago.
2). Andi has not walked yesterday.
3). They have not studied last week.
(?) have/has + S + V3
Example :
1). Have I played 1 hour ago?
2). Has Andi walked yesterday?
3). Have they studied last week?
3. Examples on paragraph and explanation
Mary has heard about many exciting vacations over the years. Her boss, Ben,
went to Japan, Kenya, Alaska, France amd Moscow last year. Meanwhile, Mary has
only seen these exciting places in photos! After looking at her boss travel pictures,
Mary has decided to take a trip of her own.
www.grammar-quizzes.com/presperf5c.html

Explanation
Mary has heard about many exciting vacations over the years.
Ben, went to Japan,
Mary has only seen these exciting places in photos
Mary has decided to take a trip of her own.
We filled and italic the word and sentences because the sentences is using the perfect
present tense Patterns. (S + have/has + V3 (+ O))
Continuous present tense.
1. Function
To describe an action that is going on at this moment.
To describe an action that is going on during this period time or a trend.
To describe an action or event on the future, which has already been planned or

prepared.
To describe a temporary event or situation.
With always, forever, constantly, to describe and emphasise a continuing series
of repeated actions.

2. Pattern and example

(+) S + to be + V1 + ing + O
Example :
1). We are learning a new information.
2). They are walking so fast.
3). Refi is wearing a new outfit..
(-) S + to be + not + V1 + ing + O
Examples :
1). We are not learning a new information.
2). They are not walking so fast.
3). Refi is not wearing a new outfit.
(?) to be + S + V1 + ing + O + ?
Example :
1). Are we learning a new information ?
2). Are they walking with fast ?
3). Is Refi wearing a new outfit ?
3. Example in paragraph and explanation