Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 2:
Balanced three-phase circuits
Why dealed with three-phase systems ?
Generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical power are
accomplished by means of three-phase circuits.
It is also used to power large motors and other heavy loads.
A three-phase system is usually more economical than an equivalent
single-phase or two-phase system at the same voltage because it uses
less conductor material to transmit electrical power.
Three-phase system was independently invented by Galileo Ferraris,
Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, and Nikola Tesla in the late 1880s.
1
Three-phase line
Three-phase
voltage
source
Three-phase
load
7/7/2014
wt*180/
Vm*
Vb Vm120
Va Vm0
Va Vm0
Vb Vm 120
Vc Vm 120
Va Vb Vc 0
7/7/2014
Va(t) = 208cos(wt+76-76)
Vb(t) = 208cos(wt+316-76)
Vc(t) = 208cos(wt-164-76)
Va(t) = 208cos(wt+0) V
Vb(t) = 208cos(wt+240) V
Vc(t) = 208cos(wt-240) V
b) Va(t) = 4160cos(wt-49) V
Vb(t) = 4160cos(wt-289) V
Vc(t) = 4160cos(wt+191) V
Va(t) = 208cos(wt-49+49)
Vb(t) = 208cos(wt-289+49)
Vc(t) = 208cos(wt+191+49)
Va(t) = 208cos(wt+0) V
Vb(t) = 208cos(wt-240) V
Vc(t) = 208cos(wt+240) V
positive sequence
negative sequence
Vca(t)
Vc(t)
Vab(t)
Va(t)
Vb(t)
Vbc(t)
7/7/2014
Three-phase
voltage
source
Three-phase
load
Y Y
Y
Y
7/7/2014
WYE-WYE CIRCUT
VR VY VB V p
Vrn V yn Vbn Vm
VL SOURCE 3V p
voltages
VL LOAD 3Vm
I R I B IY I L I p
10
7/7/2014
PLOAD 1 ph Vm I p cos
PLOAD 3 ph 3
Vm
VL LOAD
3
and
I p IL
VL LOAD
I L cos 3VL LOAD I L cos
3
Watts (W)
11
QLOAD 1 ph Vm I p sin
QLOAD 3 ph 3
VL LOAD 3Vm
VL LOAD
I p sin 3VL LOAD I p sin
3
Watts (W)
12
7/7/2014
S LOAD 1 ph VM I p
VA
S LOAD 3 ph 3Vm I p 3
VA
VL LOAD
IL
3
VA
13
Solution:
14
7/7/2014
Vyb=?, Vbr=?
Solution:
(a) Load phase current:
Ip
1100
1100
4.72 A
Z
12 2 20 2
P1 ph Vm I p cos
P1 ph (110)(4.72)(0.512) 265.83W
15
20
59 pf cos 0.515
12
tan 1
P3 ph 3Vm I p cos
P3 ph (3)(110)(4.72)(0.512) 797.49W
or
16
7/7/2014
(b)
Q1 ph Vm I p sin
Q1 ph (110)(4.72)(0.857) 445 var
Total reactive power of the load:
Q3 ph 3Vm I p sin
Q3 ph (3)(110)(4.72)(0.857) 1335 var 1.335k var
or
(c)
S1 ph VM I p
S1 ph (110)(4.72) 519.2VA
S3 ph P3 ph jQ3 ph
S3 ph
S3 ph 3VM I p
Q3 ph
S3 ph (3)(110)(4.72) 1557.6VA
P3 ph
or
7/7/2014
WYE-DELTA CIRCUT
I3
=>Y transformation
I2
Y-
VR VY VB V p
Vry V yb Vrb Vm
VL SOURCE 3V p
voltages
I R I B I Y I L 3I p Line currents
VL LOAD Vm
19
20
10
7/7/2014
PLOAD 1 ph Vm I p cos
Vm VL LOAD
and
Ip
IL
3
IL
cos 3VL LOAD I L cos
3
Watts (W)
21
QLOAD 1 ph Vm I p sin
Vm VL LOAD
and
Ip
IL
3
IL
sin 3VL LOAD I L sin
3
VARs
22
11
7/7/2014
VA
S LOAD 1 ph VM I p
VA
IL
3
VA
23
24
12
7/7/2014
Solution:
(a)
25
26
13
7/7/2014
Or power factor
S3 ph P3 ph jQ3 ph
ST
QT
T
Power triangle of the load
27
Y or
IL
Y or
P
VL
Three-phase
voltage
source
+
-
Three-phase
Load
(pf=cos)
Q
The following power equations are valid
regardless of connection type of source (Y or )
regardless of connection type of load (Y or )
P 3VL I L cos
kW
Q 3VL I L sin
kVAR
S P jQ
kVA
28
14
7/7/2014
Single-phase wattmeter
29
[Ref]: http://ece.mst.edu/media/academic/ece/documents/classexp/ee209labs/Experiment_3_Power_Measurements.pdf
Single-phase wattmeter
30
[Ref]: http://ece.mst.edu/media/academic/ece/documents/classexp/ee209labs/Experiment_3_Power_Measurements.pdf
15
7/7/2014
display
31
32
16
7/7/2014
33
34
17
7/7/2014
End of Chapter 2
35
18