ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to assess environmental impacts of a proposed tankfarm which is to be
situated at the Olokola Free Trade Zone in Ondo State (OKFTZ).
It encompasses various field sampling which includes soil, air and noise sampling taken from the
proposed site. These samples were tested in the laboratory for parameters such as Total Hydro
Carbon, pH values, Total Mean Percentage of Organic Matter, Heavy Metal Investigation, cation
concentration. The Total Hydro Carbon which ranges from 4.8 to 33.0 milligram per kilogram
(mg/kg) in the wet season and 4.0 to 78.5 mg/kg for dry season. The THC is reflective of an
unpolluted environment, and it is widely accepted that soils with a hydrocarbon level below 100
mg/kg are considered unpolluted. Heavy metals investigation showed that Iron had the highest mean
concentration (2213mg/kg) followed by Zinc (4.82mg/kg) and Copper (3.78mg/kg) for dry season
while for wet season, Iron had 2039mg/kg followed by Zinc (8.68mg/kg) and copper (3.0mg/kg). The
concentration of the monovalent cation in the soils was generally high. Sodium (Na) concentrations
ranged between 2,136 and 7,341mg/kg
in the wet season and 6,175 and 10,308 mg/kg in the dry season while potassium (K) ranged
between 0.09 and 0.15 mg/kg in the wet season and 0.04 and 0.45mg/kg in the dry season. The
high sodium content could be attributed to the proximity
of the study area to the ocean.
Suspended Particulate Matter Levels for Wet and Dry Season on shows that there are more
suspended particulate matter in the dry season as the result indicated a value of 196 g/m3 against
64g/m3 in the wet season. Comparing these findings with EGASPIN guidelines for national air
quality standards, more air quality monitoring is needed during the dry season as it reaches a high of
196 though it is still within the EGASPIN (Environmental Guidelines and Standards for Petroleum
Industries in Nigeria) limits. Noise measurements showed that the measured levels varied
significantly in the different locations
monitored and ranged from a low of 55.2dB to a high of 66.7dB, for the dry season and 52.7dB to a
high of 67.9dB, for the wet season as compared to the World Bank standard of 45 dB(A) for
residential areas during the daytime. It is recommended that environmental performance be
monitored regularly to ensure compliance and those measures to be taken where necessary. The
OKFTZ site is generally suitable for the proposed bulk fuel storage facility and all environmental risks
can be minimized and managed through implementing preventative measures and sound
environmental management systems.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement

Abstract
Table of Content
List of Tables
List of Figures
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Objectives of the Project
1.3 Scope of the Project
1.4 Justification of the Project
1.5 Expected Contribution to Knowledge
1.6 About OKFTZ (Olokola Free Trade Zone)
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Environmental Impact Assessment and the Environments
2.2 General Overview of the EIA Process
2.3 Steps Involved in EIA
2.3.1 Screening
2.3.2 Scoping
2.3.3 Impact Assessment
2.3.4 Mitigation
2.3.5 Reporting
2.3.6 Reviewing
2.3.7 Decision Making
2.3.8 Implementation
2.4 Importance of Environmental Impact Assessment
2.5 General Benefits of EIA and flaws
2.6 Environmental Policy
2.7 Nigeria Guidelines and Standards

2.8.1 National Effluent Limitation Regulation

2.8.2 Department of Petroleum Resources
2.8.3 Nigeria Petroleum Industry Guidelines
2.9 Effluent Standards
2.10 Ambient Air Quality
2.11 Noise Level
2.12.1 Potential Environmental Impact Analysis
2.12.2 Impact Qualification
2.12.3 Impact Rating
2.12.3.1 Legal/regulatory Requirement (L)
2.12.3.2 Risk (R)
2.12.3.3 Frequency of Impact (F)
2.12.3.4 Importance of Affected Environment Component and Impact (I)
2.12.3.5 Public Perception (P)

CHAPTER THREE
Materials And Methods
3.1 Description Of The Study Area
3.1.1 Geology Of The Study Area
3.1.2 Local Climate And Meteorology
3.2 Samples Collected
3.3 Equipments
3.4 Sample Preparation
3.4.1 Soil
3.5 Methods
3.5.1 Determination Of Ph
3.5.2 Determination Of Exchangeable Cations
3.5.3 Temperature

3.5.4 Determination Alkalinity

3.5.5 Chloride Determination
3.5.6 Determination Of Heavy Metals
3.5.7 Determination Of Air Quality And Noise
3.6 Assessment Methodology
3.6.1 Impact Quantification
3.6.2 Impact Rating
CHAPTER FOUR
Results And Discussions
4.1 Physiochemical Characteristics Of Soil
4.1.1 Analysis Of Selected Physiochemical Charateristics Of Soil
4.1.2 Analysis Of Selected Heavy Metal Observations
4.2 Soil Texture Data
4.2.1 Analysis Of Soil Texture
4.3 Analysis Of Air Quality And Noise Data
4.3.1 Analysis On Air Quality
4.3.2 Analysis Of Noise Level
4.4 Potential Impacts For The Proposed Tankfarm Facility
4.4.1 Impacts On Air Quality
4.4.2 Impacts On Noise Level
4.4.3 Impacts On Soil Quality
4.5 Mitigation And Management Measures
4.5.1 Air Quality
4.5.2 Noise
4.5.3 Soil Quality
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusions And Recommendations

5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendations
References
INTRODUCTION
Environmental Impacts Assessment is an assessment or the analysis of the possible positive or
negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment together consisting of the
environmental, social and economic aspects (International Association of Impact Assessment,
2002). Environment Impact Assessment or EIA can also be defined as the study of predicting the
effect of a proposed activity/project on the environment. A decision making tool, EIA compares
various alternatives for a project and seeks to identify the one which represents the best combination
of economic and environmental costs and benefits. EIA systematically examines both beneficial and
adverse consequences of the project and ensures that these effects are taken into account during
project design. It helps to identify possible environmental effects of the proposed project, proposes
measures to mitigate adverse effects and predicts whether there will be significant adverse
environmental effects, even after the mitigation is implemented (IAIA , 2002). By considering the
environmental effects of the project and their mitigation early in the project planning cycle,
environmental assessment has many benefits, such as protection of environment, optimum
utilization of resources and saving of time and cost of the project (Wikipedia, 2013).
Environment refers to the totality of natural resources including the intricate interrelations among
living and non living things which constitute the ecosystem and biomes (Randall et al; 1987).
Websters new collegiate dictionary (2012) defined environment as the aggregate of all the external
conditions and influences affecting life and development of organisms. Sada and Odemerho (2001)
conceive environments as a system within which living organisms interact with the physical
elements. Environment is a common property not only of existing stakeholders but also of the future
generations (Okonkwo, 2004)
A Tankfarm is also known as an oil depot or oil terminal, a facility for storage of petroleum products
or petrochemical products from which these products are usually transported to end users for further
storage facilities. An oil tankfarm typically has tanks or either above or under the ground and gantries
for the discharge of products into road tankers or other vehicles such as barges or pipelines.
Tankfarms are usually situated close to oil refineries or locations where marine tankers or vessels
containing products discharge their cargo.
A Tankfarm is a comparatively unsophisticated facility in that (in most cases) there is no processing
or other transformation on site. The products which reach the depot from refinery are in their final
form suitable for delivery to customers. Modern Tankfarms comprise the same types of tanks,
pipelines and gantries as those in the past and although there is a greater degree of automation in
site, there have been significant changes in depot operational activities over time (Wikipedia 2013).
One of the key imperatives of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) is that the operators of a
Tankfarm must ensure that products are safely stored and handled. There must be no leakages

which could damage the soil or the table water and these forms of undesirable activities gives rise to
the analysis of some predictable and unpredictable impacts of Tankfarm to the existing environments
and thus brought about the delivery of this project.
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