NES 728 Requirements For Domestic Hot and Cold Fresh Water Systems Category 3

Ministry of Defence
INTERIM Defence Standard 02-728

(NES 728)
Issue 2 Publication Date 6 April 2001
Requirements for Domestic Hot and Cold

Fresh Water Systems
Category 2
AMENDMENTS ISSUED SINCE PUBLICATION

AMD NO
DATE OF
ISSUE
TEXT AFFECTED
SIGNATURE &
DATE
Revision Note
This Issue of this Standard has been prepared to incorporate changes to text and presentation.
The technical content has been updated in line with current practice.
Historical Record
Def Stan 02-728/Issue 1
NES 728 Issue 1
SDP 26
1 April 2000
October 1982
NAVAL ENGINEERING STANDARD 728
REQUIREMENTS FOR DOMESTIC HOT AND COLD

FRESH WATER SYSTEMS
ISSUE 2
This Naval Engineering Standard is

authorized for use in MOD contracts
by the Defence Procurement Agency and
the Defence Logistics Organization
Published by:
Defence Procurement Agency
An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence
Directorate of Standardization
Kentigern House
65 Brown Street
Glasgow G2 8EX
(i)
Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue

2 (NES 728)
(ii)
Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

(NES 728)
SCOPE
1.
This Naval Engineering Standard (NES) defines the requirements for:

a.
The design, manufacture, installation, test and SettingtoWork (STW) of Domestic Hot
and Cold Fresh Water (FW) Systems in Surface Ships and Submarines.
b.
Requirements for special FW services and duties which may be associated with various
types of craft and functions are also included.
c.
Comprehensive guidance on the design calculations for the systems with sample
calculations (see Annex D.) for both general and special requirements are given.
(iii)

(NES 728)
(iv)

(NES 728)
FOREWORD
Sponsorship
1.
This Naval Engineering Standard (NES) is sponsored by the Defence Logistics Organisation
(DLO), Ministry of Defence (MOD).
2.
If it is found to be unsuitable for any particular requirement the MOD is to be informed in

writing of the circumstances.
3.
Any user of this NES either within MOD or in industry may propose an amendment to it.
Proposals for amendments that are not directly applicable to a particular contract are to be
made to the publishing authority identified on Page (i), and those directly applicable to a
particular contract are to be dealt with using contract procedures.
4.
No alteration is to be made to this NES except by the issue of an authorized amendment.
5.
Unless otherwise stated, reference in this NES to approval, approved, authorized or similar
terms, means by the MOD in writing.
6.
Any significant amendments that may be made to this NES at a later date will be indicated
by a vertical sideline. Deletions will be indicated by 000 appearing at the end of the line
intervals.
7.
Extracts from British Standards quoted within this NES have been included with the
permission of the British Standards Institution.
8.
This NES has been reissued at Issue 2, dated November 2000 to reflect changes in
departmental nomenclature and the changes to technical requirements.
Conditions of Release
General
9.
This NES has been devised solely for the use of the MOD, and its contractors in the execution
of contracts for the MOD. To the extent permitted by law, the MOD hereby excludes all
liability whatsoever and howsoever arising (including but without limitation, liability
resulting from negligence) for any loss or damage however caused when the NES is used for
any other purpose.
10.
This document is Crown Copyright and the information herein may be subject to Crown or
third party rights. It is not to be released, reproduced or published without written permission
of the MOD.
11.
The Crown reserves the right to amend or modify the contents of this NES without consulting
or informing any holder.
MOD Tender or Contract Process

12.
This NES is the property of the Crown. Unless otherwise authorized in writing by the MOD
must be returned on completion of the contract, or submission of the tender, in connection
with which it is issued.
13.
When this NES is used in connection with a MOD tender or contract, the user is to ensure that
he is in possession of the appropriate version of each document, including related documents,
relevant to each particular tender or contract. Enquiries in this connection may be made to
the Authority named in the tender or contract.
(v)

(NES 728)
14.
When NES are incorporated into MOD contracts, users are responsible for their correct
application and for complying with contracts and any other statutory requirements.
Compliance with an NES does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Categories of NES
15.
The Category of this NES has been determined using the following criteria:
1.
Category 1. If not applied may have a Critical effect on the following:

Safety of the vessel, its complement or third parties.
Operational performance of the vessel, its systems or equipment.
2.
Category 2. If not applied may have a Significant effect on the following:

Safety of the vessel, its complement or third parties.
Operational performance of the vessel, its systems or equipment.
Through life costs and support.
3.
Category 3. If not applied may have a Minor effect on the following:

MOD best practice and fleet commonality.
Corporate experience and knowledge.
Current support practice.
Related Documents
16.
In the tender and procurement processes the related documents listed in each section and
Annex A can be obtained as follows:
1.
British Standards
British Standards Institution,

389 Chiswick High Road,
London W4 4AL.
2.
Defence Standards &

Naval Engineering Standards
Defence Procurement Agency,

An Executive Agency of the Ministry of Defence,
Directorate of Standardization,
Kentigern House,
65 Brown Street,
Glasgow, G2 8EX.
3.
Other documents
Tender or Contract Sponsor to advise.
Note: Tender or Contract Sponsor can advise in cases of difficulty.

17.
All applications to Ministry Establishments for related documents are to quote the relevant
MOD Invitation to Tender or Contract Number and date, together with the sponsoring
Directorate and the Tender or Contract Sponsor.
18.
Prime Contractors are responsible for supplying their subcontractors with relevant
documentation, including specifications, standards and drawings.
(vi)

(NES 728)
Health and Safety

Warning
19.
This NES may call for the use of processes, substances and/or procedures that may be
injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability
and in no way absolves either the supplier or the user from statutory obligations relating to
health and safety at any stage of manufacture or use. Where attention is drawn to hazards,
those quoted may not necessarily be exhaustive.
20.
This NES has been written and is to be used taking into account the policy stipulated in
JSP 430 MOD Ship Safety Management System Handbook.
Additional Information
21.
This NES may specify or refer to substances contained within the Montreal Protocol which
are identified as having ozone depleting potential. Our aim is to eliminate the use of these
substances as soon as a practicable alternative becomes available.
(vii)

(NES 728)
(viii)

(NES 728)
CONTENTS
Page No
TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (i)
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (iii)
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v)
Sponsorship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v)
Conditions of Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v)
Categories of NES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vi)
Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vi)
Health and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vii)
Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vii)
CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ix)
Page No
SECTION
1.
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.5
1.2.6
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.2.1
1.3.2.2
1.3.3
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.1.1
Figure 1.1
1.4.1.2
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Diagrammatic Arrangement Drawings . . . . . . . . . . .
System Ship Arrangement Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equipment Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fresh Water Storage Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accumulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-ferrous Pipework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steel Pipework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hot Water System, Services Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HM Surface Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Battery Top-up Water (Submarines) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cold Fresh Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HM Surface Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typical Domestic Cold Water System for HM Surface Ships
Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ix)
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.8

(NES 728)
Page No
Figure 1.2
1.4.2
1.4.2.1
Figure 1.3
1.4.2.2
Figure 1.4
1.4.3
1.5
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.6
1.6.1
1.6.2
1.6.2.1
1.6.2.2
1.6.3
1.6.3.1
1.6.3.2
1.6.4
1.6.5
1.6.6
1.7
1.7.1
1.7.2
Figure 1.5
Figure 1.6
1.7.3
1.7.4
Figure 1.7
Figure 1.8
1.7.5
1.7.6
1.8
1.8.1
1.8.2
1.8.3
Table 1.1
Table 1.2
1.8.4
1.9
1.9.1
1.9.2
1.9.3
Typical Domestic Cold Water System for Submarines . . . . . . 1.8

Hot Fresh Water Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9
HM Surface Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9
Typical Domestic Hot Water System for HM Surface Ships 1.10
Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11
Typical Domestic Hot Water System for Submarines . . . . . 1.11
Emergency Fresh Water Supply to Sonar Cooling System . 1.12
Desalination Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12
Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12
Fresh Water Storage and Filling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12
Storage Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12
Storage Tank Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13
HM Surface Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13
Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13
Filling Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13
HM Surface Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13
Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15
Sterilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15
Sounding Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15
Air Escapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.16
Pump Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.16
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.16
Cold Water Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.16
Domestic Cold Water Pump Performance Curves . . . . . . 1.17
Domestic Cold Water Pump Performance Curves . . . . . . 1.18
Cold Water Boost Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.19
Hot Water Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.19
Hot Water Circulating Pump
Performance Curves (Preferred) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.20
Performance Curves (Other Pumps) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.21
Hot Water Boost Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.22
Pump Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.22
Calorifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.22
Types of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.22
Heating Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.22
General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.23
Scale of Electric Water Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.23
Range of Alternative Calorifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.23
Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.23
Drinking Water and Cooled Fresh Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.23
Drinking Water Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.23
Drinking Water Coolers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.24
Cooled Fresh Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.24
(x)

(NES 728)
Page No
1.10
1.10.1
Table 1.3
1.10.2
1.10.3
1.10.4
Figure 1.9
1.11
1.11.1
1.11.2
Table 1.4
Table 1.5
Figure 1.10
Figure 1.11
Table 1.6
1.11.3
1.11.4
1.11.5
Table 1.7
1.11.6
Figure 1.12
1.11.7
1.11.8
Figure 1.13
Table 1.8
1.11.9
Table 1.9
1.11.10
Table 1.10
1.11.11
1.11.12
Figure 1.14
Figure 1.15
Figure 1.16
Figure 1.17
Figure 1.18
1.11.13
1.11.14
1.11.15
Figure 1.19
Auxiliary Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.24

Accumulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.24
Range of Accumulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25
Submarine Tank Air Pressure Charging Equipment . . . . . . 1.25
Pipework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25
Air Release Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25
Typical Automatic Air Release Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.26
System Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.26
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.26
Hot and Cold Water Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.26
Domestic Fresh Water Systems, Pipe Size and Water Speeds 1.27
Equivalent Straight Pipe Length for Valves, Bends, Tees, etc.1.29
Piping System Pressure Loss Chart (Fresh Water 10C) . . . 1.30
Piping System Pressure Loss Chart (Fresh Water 75C) . . . 1.31
Example of Pump Fits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.32
Review of General Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.32
Supplies to Washbasins and Showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.32
Diversity Factors for Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.32
Discharge Rate for Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.33
Cold Water Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.33
Diversity Factor: Number of Fittings Connected . . . . . . . . . 1.34
Cold Water Boost Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.34
Pressure at Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.35
Washbasin Taps and Shower Head Fittings
Fitting of Orifice Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.36
Range of Orifice Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.36
Hot Water Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.36
Conditions for Thermo-Syphon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.36
Selection of Calorifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.37
Hot Water Piping Heat Emission and Temperature Drop . . 1.37
Hot Water System Peak Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.38
Hot Water Storage Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.38
Hot Water Temperature From Calorifier:
Time for a Storage Capacity of 0.023 m3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.40
Hot Water Temperature from Calorifier:
Time for a Storage Capacity of 0.27 m3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.41
Time for a Storage Capacity of 0.455 m3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.42
Time for a Storage Capacity of 0.91 m3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.43
Hot Water Temperature:
Time Effect of Change in Storage Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.44
Electric Water Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.45
Accumulator for Thermal Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.45
Provision for Air Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.45
Typical Air Collecting Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.46
(xi)

(NES 728)
Page No
Figure 1.20
Figure 1.21
1.12
1.12.1
1.12.2
1.12.3
1.12.4
1.12.4.1
1.12.4.2
1.12.4.3
1.12.5
1.12.6
1.12.7
Air Collecting Vessel and Manual Air Release . . . . . . . . . . .

Air Collecting Vessel and Automatic Air Release . . . . . . . . .
Installation and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Piping Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fresh Water Tank Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fresh Water Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipework in Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Colours and Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.49
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.51
SECTION
2.
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.2
2.2.1
NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS . . . . . . .
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fresh Water Storage Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
SECTION
3.
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.2.7
3.2.8
3.2.9
3.2.10
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.2.1
3.3.3
3.3.3.1
3.3.4
3.4
3.4.1
MILITARY STANDARDS/REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . .
Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Diagrammatic Arrangement Drawings . . . . . . . . . .
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calorifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-ferrous Pipework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steel Pipework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Screwed Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jointing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cold Water System, Services Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HM Surface Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hot Water System, Services Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HM Surface Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provision of Washbasins and Showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cold Fresh Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
(xii)

(NES 728)
Page No
SECTION
3.4.1.1
3.4.2
3.5
3.5.1
3.6
3.6.1
3.6.1.1
3.7
3.7.1
3.8
3.8.1
3.8.2
3.8.2.1
3.8.2.2
3.8.2.3
3.8.3
3.8.4
3.9
3.9.1
3.9.2
3.9.3
3.9.4
3.9.5
3.9.6
3.10
3.10.1
3.10.2
3.10.3
3.11
3.11.1
3.11.2
3.11.3
3.11.4
3.11.4.1
3.11.5
3.11.6
HM Surface Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency Fresh Water Supply to Sonar Cooling System .
Desalination Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fresh Water Storage and Filling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Storage Tank Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HM Surface Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pump Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auxiliary Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accumulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-ferrous Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steel Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jointing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Strainers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipe Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cleaning and Preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tubes and Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Piping Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fresh Water Tank Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspection and Flushing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fresh Water Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
4.
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.1.1
4.1.1.2
4.1.2
4.1.2.1
4.1.2.2
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS/GUIDANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cold Water System, Services Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HM Surface Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hot Water System, Services Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HM Surface Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.3
(xiii)

(NES 728)
Page No
4.1.3
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.1.1
4.2.2
Provision of Washbasins and Showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fresh Water Storage and Filling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Storage Tank Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sounding Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SECTION
5.
CORPORATE EXPERIENCE & KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . 5.1
ANNEX
A.
RELATED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.1
ANNEX
B.
ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1
ANNEX
C.
PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.1
ANNEX
D.
D.1.
D.2.
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.1
General Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.1
Calculation Data Sheet D1/1 General Calculations . . . . . . D.3
Calculation Data Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.4
Water Flow and Approximate Pipe Bore Calculation
(Cold Water System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.5
Calculation Data Sheet D2/1 Water Flow
and Approximate Pipe Bore Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.5
Physical Data (Cold Water System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.8
Calculation data sheet D3/1 Physical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.8
Calculation Data Sheet D3/2 Physical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.9
Calculation Data Sheet D3/3 Physical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . D.10
Pipe Friction Calculations (Cold Water System Main) . . . . D.10
Calculation Data Sheet D4/1 Pipe Friction Calculations . D.13
Pipe Friction Calculations (Cold Water System Branches) . D.15
Selection of Cold Water Pump and Cold Water Boost Pump D.17
Calculation Data Sheets D5 Selection of Cold Water Pump
and Cold Water Boost Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.18
Water Flow Rates from Calorifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.19
Calculation Data Sheet D6
Hot Water Flow From Calorifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.20
(Hot Water System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.21
Calculation Data Sheet D7/1
Water Flow and Approximate Pipe Bore Calculation . . . . . D.21
Table D.1
D.3.
D.4.
D.5.
D.6.
D.7.
D.8.
D.9.
D.10.
(xiv)
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3

(NES 728)
Page No
Calculation Data Sheet D7/2
D.11.
Physical Data (Hot Water System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.23
D.12.
Physical Data for Hot Water Branches (Aft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.24
D.13.
Pipe Friction Calculations (Hot Water System Main) . . . . . D.24
D.14.
Pipe Friction Calculations (Hot Water System Branches) . . D.25
D.15.
Pressures Required and Available at Calorifier(s) . . . . . . . . D.27
Calculation Data Sheet D10 Pressures Required and
Available at Calorifier(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.28
D.16.
Duty of Hot Water Circulating Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.29
D.17.
Capacity of Accumulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.30
Calculation Data Sheet D11
Duty of Hot Water Circulating Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.30
Calculation Data Sheet D12 Capacity Of Accumulators . D.31
ALPHABETICAL INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INDEX 1
(xv)

(NES 728)
(xvi)

(NES 728)
1.
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION
Related Documents: BS 381C; BS 3602 Part 1; BS EN ISO 1461; BS EN 10028-1/2;
NES 102; NES 106; NES 112; NES 119; NES 120; NES 121; NES 127; NES 155;
NES 710; NES 748; NES 791; NES 797; NES 853 Parts 1 and 2; BR 820; BR 2170;
BR 3013(2); BR 3013(2) Part 2; SDN 000 819 097/1-2; SDN 000 819 098/1-3;
SDN 003 503 642; SDN 003 503 703; SDN 003 504 117; see also Annex A.
NOTE
The hot and cold fresh water systems are to be designed for the supply, demand and
storage capacities required to support envisaged operation of the vessel, not just
against the minimum requirements of this standard.
1.1
Drawings
1.1.1
System Diagrammatic Arrangement Drawings

a.
System Diagrammatic Arrangement drawings are to show:

(1)
Layout of the system with all associated equipments, valves, fittings and
pipe runs shown in their correct relative positions, so that the various
modes of operation and control of the system can be checked;
(2)
Pipe sizes, outside diameter;
(3)
A list of materials proposed;
(4)
The relationship to associated systems;
(5)
Instrumentation and controls;
(6)
Venting and drainage arrangements;
(7)
Working and test pressures, see Clauses 1.12.4a to 1.12.4.3a inclusive;
(8)
Definition of terminal points and interfaces between Main Machinery

Contractor, Contractors and Subcontractors;
(9)
List of symbols used (in accordance with NES 707);
(10) Tables of calorifiers, pumps, filters and accumulators showing

designation, duty and limiting parameters as appropriate.
b.
Diagrammatic Arrangements are to be geographically correct in respect of

compartment boundaries such as bulkheads, decks, etc. They are also to be as
geographically correct as possible in respect of major components connected to
or in the system, subject to ensuring that the clarity and basic simplicity of the
diagram is not compromised.
c.
Drawings are to include the following information:
d.
(1)
Maximum and minimum water flows, water speeds and pressure losses
through each branch pipe;
(2)
Data Sheets of pipe sizes supporting the above.
System Diagrammatic Arrangement drawings are to form Basis Information

which is to be kept uptodate by the Shipbuilder.
1.1

(NES 728)
1.1.2
1.1.3
System Ship Arrangement Drawings

a.
System Ship Arrangement drawings are to be drawn to scale, superimposed on

the hull in plan and elevation, to show the location of the system and
components relative to the hull, bulkheads, decks and other items of machinery
and equipment.
b.
System Ship Arrangement drawings are to indicate the positions and identity of
flanged joints, orifice plates, screwed connections, capillary, brazed and welded
joints in addition to items (1) to (9) inclusive of Clause 1.1.1a .
Equipment Drawings
a.
b.
Equipment drawings showing major items of equipment are to be prepared by

the equipment manufacturers. Equipments for which drawings are required
include:
(1)
Calorifiers;
(2)
Pumps;
(3)
Strainers;
(4)
Accumulators.
Equipment drawings are to show:

(1)
Overall dimensions;
(2)
Mounting arrangement and jacking points;
(3)
General arrangement;
(4)
Terminal points;
(5)
Lifting points and position of Centre of Gravity, dimensioned.
(6)
Maintenance envelope, showing accessibility for maintenance, e.g.

rodding points, etc, and space required for withdrawal/replacement of
component parts, see NES 302;
(7)
Parts List;
(8)
Assemblies;
(9)
Subassemblies;
(10) Circuit Diagrams (mechanical and electrical).
1.2
Materials
1.2.1
Material Selection
a.
Materials for components are to be selected to reduce corrosion and erosion to a

minimum, be non-toxic and consistent with reasonable cost and ease of
manufacture.
b.
Pipe clips are to be of steel, galvanized in accordance with BS EN ISO 1461.
1.2

(NES 728)
1.2.2
1.2.3
Fresh Water Storage Tanks

a.
Fresh Water (FW) storage tanks are generally to be built as an integral part of
the hull. Where constructed independent of the hull structure, storage tanks
are to be of steel complying with NES 791.
b.
Access ladders inside storage tanks are to be of steel, galvanized in accordance

with BS EN ISO 1461.
c.
Nonferrous fittings are not to be used in FW storage tanks.
Accumulators
a.
1.2.4
Non-ferrous Pipework
a.
1.2.5
Exposed piping in bathrooms, galleys and cabins is to be chromium plated.
Steel Pipework
a.
1.2.6
Accumulators are to have an outer steel shell and an inner separator bag of
synthetic rubber.
Sounding tubes, air escapes and sections of suction pipes within FW tanks are
to be carbon steel complying with BS 3602, Part 1, Hot Finished Seamless (HFS
Grade 360) or Cold Finished Seamless (CFS Grade 360), galvanized internally
and externally. Connecting sleeves and ring flanges are to to be of galvanized
steel complying with BS 1501 Part 2, and BS EN 10028-1/2 (see BR 3013(2),
Part 2).
Valves
a.
Materials for valves are given in NES 360.
b.
Push cocks for supply to cabin, bathroom, workshop and office washbasins,
mess drawoff, etc, are to be of chromeplated brass.
1.3
System General Requirements
1.3.1
General
a.
Domestic hot and cold FW systems are to be designed:

(1)
To deliver the specified quantities of FW with the minimal head loss,

noise, and pumping power commensurate with economically sized piping.
The installation is to be planned in association with other services to
maintain adequate headroom and facilitate future refit work;
(2)
To ensure that the system will provide and maintain the required degree
of cold water purity in service as specified in BR 820;
(3)
To obtain, on Surface Ships, a degree of insurance against action damage

by dividing the system and providing storage tanks, circulating pumps,
calorifiers, etc, both forward and aft. This will ensure an independent
workable system at each end of the ship. On Submarines this duplication
is not required;
(4)
To minimum space and weight requirements;
(5)
To meet zoning requirements laid down in NES 119.
1.3

(NES 728)
b.
The systems are to cater for a daily consumption allowance of 200 litres per day
per member of complement (excluding boiler feed) for surface vessels and
90 litres per day per member of complement for Submarines. The allowance for
Surface Ships is to be supplemented by the requirement for turbine washing,
aircraft washdown and ship husbandry (including superstructure washdown),
i.e. 50 litres per turbine per day, 500 litres per aircraft per day and 500 litres per
day for ship husbandry.
c.
The systems are to be designed to conform to the requirements of NES 797 and
NES 710.
d.
In Surface Ships systems are to be designed to provide a pressure of 0.35 bar at

the highest and most remote points and to meet the requirements of any special
equipment needing greater pressure. A bridge window washer system is to be
fitted capable of providing a minimum pressure of 1.4 bar at the bridge window.
1.3.2
Hot Water System, Services Supplies
1.3.2.1
Surface Ships
a.
1.3.2.2
Submarines
a.
1.3.3
For Surface Ships' calorifier capacity, see Clause 1.11.10b .
In Submarines the calorifier is to be capable of supplying sufficient water at a

temperature of 71C to meet a flow rate of 4.5 litres per hour per member of
complement or as specified in the Statement of Technical Requirement (STR).
Battery Top-up Water (Submarines)

a.
In Submarines, water for battery topup is to be supplied from the FW system

through a demineralizer.
1.4
System Arrangement
1.4.1
Cold Fresh Water
1.4.1.1
Surface Ships
a.
The system is to comprise storage tanks with associated pumps, suction,

discharge, filling and transfer arrangements. The pumps are to discharge
direct to the FW main.
b.
Two FW storage tanks, or groups of tanks, are to be fitted, one forward and one
aft. The precise number and size of tanks are to suit the space available in each
class of ship.
c.
The total tank capacity is to be as defined in Clause 1.6.1.
d.
A diagrammatic arrangement of a typical Domestic Cold Water System for a

Surface Ship is shown in Figure 1.1.
e.
Suction and delivery valves, with the necessary connections, are to be fitted to
enable the pumps to deliver FW to the FW main and to transfer water within the
ship.
1.4

(NES 728)
f.
The system is to be a continuous running pump system, with the minimum

number of pumps operating at a time. The pumps are to be capable of supplying
the services in all conditions with little pressure variation over the delivery
range. At least two pumps are to be installed, one at each end, with only one
running at a time, see Clause 1.11.2m . Adequate arrangements are to be made
to provide against pumps overheating during periods of no discharge.
Start/Stop facilities are required:
(1)
Locally, adjacent to the pumps;
(2)
Remotely, in or adjacent to Damage Control HQ to permit Starting and

Stopping of pump(s) in NBCD State 1.
g.
The suction pipework from the FW storage tanks to the cold water pumps is to
be arranged so that either pump associated with a group of tanks can draw from
any tank in that group.
h.
The suction pipework is to include the necessary isolating valves, nonreturn

valves and a 1.5 mm diameter aperture size pump suction duplex strainer to
conform to NES 748.
i.
The discharge pipework from each pump should include an isolating valve and a
nonreturn valve which is to be fitted as close to the pump as possible.
j.
Pressure indicators are to be fitted at the following positions:

(1)
At each pump suction and discharge. These indicators are normally

provided as part of pump;
(2)
On the FW main near the junction with the pump risers;
(3)
At the highest points in the system.
k.
Local and remote reading pressure indicators are to be supplied and fitted in the
FW main for surveillance equipment. The remote position is to be in the Ship
Control Centre (SCC).
l.
Hose connections are to be fitted on the suction and delivery sides of the FW
pumps for use with a portable pump in an emergency.
m.
A filling and transfer line is to be fitted throughout the length of the ship to
connect the various groups of FW tanks to the desalination plant and FW filling
deck connections. The filling and transfer line will be used for supplying
distilled water to the FW storage tanks and also for supplying the tanks with
water from the deck connections and for transferring water from one group of
tanks to another. In ships with steam boilers and more than one desalination
plant the filling lines between the plants and the feed tanks, and the plants and
the FW tanks, are to be arranged so that one plant can distil to feed tanks and
one to ship's tanks independently of each other.
n.
The FW main supply from the storage tank is to be led forward and aft
throughout the vessel, generally on the lowest continuous access deck, with
branches led to the various services, including the hot water calorifiers.
Wherever possible a ring main is to be provided with the pumps discharging
into the crossconnections. In the case of the smaller vessels where a ring main
may be impracticable, a main line and spur type of system is permitted.
1.5
(SEE FIGURE 1.3)
NOTE: Symbols used are to conform to NES 707
(SEE FIGURE 1.3)

(NES 728)
Figure 1.1 Typical Domestic Cold Water System for Surface Ships
1.6

(NES 728)
o.
Supplies of FW are to be maintained to essential services when the remaining

services have been isolated, due to an emergency or for rationing. The isolation
is to be achieved by the closing of a limited number of valves on the FW main.
The essential services include:
(1)
Medical and Dental spaces, see NES 106;
(2)
Galleys and associated spaces, see NES 121;
(3)
Drinking Water Coolers;
(4)
Bridge Window Washer System, see NES 112;
(5)
Bathrooms used as cleansing stations, see NES 120;
(6)
FW cooling to guns.
p.
Strainers with a 1.5 mm diameter mesh are to be fitted as required before

special items of equipment (e.g. the bridge window washer system where one
strainer is fitted in the common main that supplies all window washers).
Nonconcussive push cocks are to be used as isolating valves to individual
window washers.
q.
Isolating valves are to be fitted in the FW main so that supplies can be

maintained if sections of the main are damaged.
r.
Branches are to be fitted with lockable isolating valves close to the main. Valves
are to be provided with service pattern locks as necessary.
s.
FW leads are to be arranged so that they can be readily drained and emptied.
Branches exposed at atmospheric temperatures are to be arranged so that they
can be isolated and drained if temperatures below 0C are expected or
encountered. For this purpose, isolating and drain valves are to be fitted.
t.
In places where water may remain after the system has been drained (see Clause
1.4.1.1s ), screwed drain plugs are to be fitted. A light alloy or nickel silver tally
plate, engraved `FROST PLUG' is to be fitted in a clearly visible position at each
plug. Half a complete set of plugs is to be provided to the ship as spares.
u.
Small air chambers are to be arranged, at the top of each riser and at the end of
horizontal lines, to prevent waterhammer.
v.
Automatic air release units are to be as specified in Clause 1.10.4a . The

detailed requirements for air removal are given in Clauses 1.11.15a to 1.11.15e
inclusive.
w.
Flexible assemblies fitted in the system are to conform to the requirements of

NES 710 and NES 797.
x.
Emergency leads from the FW main, are to be led to the vicinity of cabinets
normally cooled by tepid water (see Clause 1.4.3a ).
y.
Cross connections between fresh and sea water systems are not permitted.
Where it is necessary to supply fresh and sea water alternatively to equipment,
or to supply FW to certain auxiliary machinery, the FW is to be supplied by
means of a hose, connected to the supply end only or an open funnel filling
connection is to be used.
1.7

(NES 728)
z.
Where the required system total head exceeds 4 bar or 90% of the maximum
head available from the cold FW pump selected, whichever is the lower, a boost
system, supplied by a continuously running selfpriming pump, is to be
provided to serve the higher outlets. The most convenient point to install the
boost pump is to be selected so as to be close to the maximum demand on the
boost circuit and to suit the ship's arrangement. The point selected is to serve
all outlets on the top decks and is to be suitable for use with any one cold water
pump out of service. In large ships it may be necessary to fit more than one
boost pump.
aa . The boost system is to be provided with a return to the FW main, with orifice
control, to ensure a continuous flow through the boost pump thus providing a
cooling circuit. The boost system is to be provided with isolating valves,
nonreturn valve, strainer and pressure indicators on either side of the pump.
See Figure 1.1.
1.4.1.2
Submarines
a.
The system is to comprise a distribution main supplied from two or more FW

storage tanks pressurized either from the Auxiliary Vent and Blow System
(AV&B) or a continuous running pump system. A separate weapons spray tank
is to be fitted.
b.
One group of storage tanks is to be fitted. The precise number and size of tanks
are to suit the space available in each particular Submarine, but see Clause
1.6.2.2a .
c.
The total tank capacity is to be as defined in Clause 1.6.1a.
d.
A diagrammatic arrangement of a typical Domestic Cold Water System for a

Submarine is shown in Figure 1.2.
Escape BHD
Containment Zone
LS
Emergency
Drinking
Water
LS
Users
Users
Users
Users
To Hot
Water
System
From AV&B
FW
Tank
FW
Tank
Figure 1.2 Typical Domestic Cold Water System for Submarines

1.8

(NES 728)
e.
The normal system operating pressure is to be 2 bar.
f.
Supply to the storage tanks is to be from the Submarine's desalination plant via
the feed transfer and FW filling system or as specified in the STR.
g.
The system is to permit all tanks being filled from an outboard source by hose,
through an inboard hose connection situated near a hatch. This connection is
to be fitted with a ball type stop valve and strainer. A FW filling control station
is to be sited in a convenient position.
h.
Arrangements are to be made so that the feed water may be used to augment the
FW supply.
i.
The system is to be so arranged that one storage tank can supply water to the
main while the other is being filled from the FW filling line.
j.
A 3 mm diameter hole is to be drilled in the lowest pipework downstream of each

pyrotechnic locker flooding isolating valve to indicate any leakage past the
isolating valve.
k.
The forward weapons spray tank is always to be full and to be capable of being
readily pressurized. The system operating pressure being indicated in the STR.
l.
Facilities are to be provided for directly connecting a shore FW/Sea Water (SW)
supply to the spray system as well as SW backup from the High Pressure (HP)
bilge system or a suitable alternative system.
m.
The portion of piping within the containment boundary is to be suitable for

testing to containment pressure. Alternatively the system is to be fitted with
readily accessible isolating valves at and outside, but as close as is practicable to,
the containment boundary.
n.
Valves, tested to the full bulkhead design pressure, are to be fitted on both sides
of penetrations of main and escape bulkheads and on the outside of
containment boundary penetrations.
1.4.2
Hot Fresh Water Systems
1.4.2.1
Surface Ships
a.
One or more hot water systems are to be installed. Each system is to comprise a
calorifier, an accumulator, circulating pump, valves and associated fittings.
Each system is to be pressurized by the cold FW supply.
b.
Each hot water system is to be arranged as a ring main with branches to the
various outlets. The length of branches to outlets are to be kept to a minimum
to limit the wastage of hot water.
c.
Where more than one hot water system is installed it may be advantageous to
crossconnect the ring mains to provide a safeguard against an emergency
condition when either calorifier is out of action. Each crossconnection is to be
provided with a lockedshut isolating valve.
d.
A diagrammatic arrangement of a typical Domestic Hot Water System for a

Surface Ship is shown in Figure 1.3. See also Annex D.
e.
The calorifiers are to be supplied with water by a branch from the cold FW main,
led to the bottom of the calorifier and fitted with an isolating valve and
nonreturn valve at the calorifier. The hot water outlet pipe is to be connected to
the crown of the calorifier.
1.9

(NES 728)
(SEE Figure 1.1)
Figure 1.3 Typical Domestic Hot Water System for Surface Ships
f.
The accumulator is to be located adjacent to the calorifier and connected to the

cold water supply just before it enters the calorifier (see Clause 1.10.1a ).
g.
During periods of low demand, hot water is to be circulated around the ring
main. The circulation is to be sufficient to ensure that the temperature
difference between the calorifier outlet and return is not in excess of 5C.
h.
For small systems and when there is adequate vertical lift, a thermosyphon
system will provide the required circulation.
i.
For larger systems a circulating water pump is to be provided in the return

piping which is to be connected to the bottom of the calorifier. A nonreturn
valve and pump suction and discharge isolating valves are to be provided. A
bypass is to be fitted around the circulating pump for natural circulation in the
event of pump failure. The procedure for determining if a circulating pump is
required is given in Clause 1.11.9c.
1.10

(NES 728)
1.4.2.2
j.
The number of hot water systems and hence calorifiers is to be decided by

combining the hot water requirements into convenient groups. Each
individual calorifier's share of the total heating capacity is to be in proportion to
the design flow rate of that calorifier's hot water system.
k.
The storage capacity is to ensure that the temperature of the hot water outlets
does not drop below 50C during a peak demand from a system initially at 65C.
Storage capacity calculations are given in Clause 1.11.
l.
The general requirements for the cold water systems given in Clauses 1.4.1.1p
to 1.4.1.1v apply to hot water systems.
m.
Hot water boost systems should be avoided because pumps are large and costly,
therefore use local electric heaters supplied from the cold water system to
provide hot water at a high level within the ship. Where hot water boost pumps
are essential, their design and installation is to be based on the same practice as
the cold water boost pump, see Clauses 1.4.1.1z to 1.4.1.1aa inclusive.
n.
Local water heaters will always be powered by electricity.
Submarines
a.
One hot water system is to be installed consisting of a calorifier pressurized

from the cold FW supply.
b.
A diagrammatic arrangement of a typical Domestic Hot Water System for a

Submarine is shown in Figure 1.4.
Figure 1.4 Typical Domestic Hot Water System for Submarines

c.
The calorifier, which is to be electrically heated, is to have a storage capacity of

0.55 m3 or as indicated in the STR.
1.11

(NES 728)
1.4.3
d.
The hot water system is to be in the form of a ring main with natural
thermosyphon circulation. Branches are to be taken from the supply side only.
A nonreturn valve is to be fitted in the return line to the calorifier.
e.
The heating capacity of the calorifier is to be given and include adequate

capacity for those items listed as a minimum as in Clause 4.1.2.2a .
f.
Penetration of containment and escape bulkheads by the hot water system is to

be avoided by the use of local electric water heaters supplied by the cold FW
main.
Emergency Fresh Water Supply to Sonar Cooling System

a.
On some Surface Ships an emergency FW supply is required for the Sonar

Cooling System. Hose connections with lockable valves and portable hoses to
connect between the Domestic Cold Water System and a similar connection on
the Sonar Cooling System is to be provided for the supply and similar
connections for the return between the Sonar System and the Filling/Transfer
Main. These connections are in accordance with the requirements of NES 102.
1.5
Desalination Requirements
1.5.1
General
1.5.2
a.
In Surface Ships and Submarines the desalination plants are to conform to the
requirements of NES 328.
b.
Reverse Osmosis and Low Pressure (LP) plants are to have a dedicated sea
suction sited forward of, and on the opposite side of, the ship to that of Bilge and
Sanitary discharges.
c.
An Auto Chlorination Unit is always to be fitted. However, an UltraViolet Unit

may be fitted in addition to an Auto Chlorination Unit.
Submarines
a.
An additional allowance of water is to be made for makeup of the primary and

secondary propulsion system.
1.6
Fresh Water Storage and Filling
1.6.1
Storage Capacity
a.
Provision is to be made for the following minimum quantities of FW to be stored

onboard all Surface Ships and Submarines:
(1)
All Surface Ships:

(a)
1.0 m3 per person of complement
(b)
2.5 m3 per aircraft (where applicable);
(c)
2.5 m3 ships husbandry;
(d)
0.25 m3 per turbine - ship and aircraft (where applicable).
1.12

(NES 728)
(2)
Submarines:
(a)
b.
0.23 m3 per person of complement in or as indicated in the STR:
Consideration must be given to increasing the levels quoted for Surface Ships
that will spend significant periods of their operational service close in shore
where water production plants cannot be operated effectively.
1.6.2
Storage Tank Arrangement
1.6.2.1
Surface Ships
1.6.2.2
a.
Generally, storage tanks are to form an integral part of the ship's structure and
are to be strongly constructed, well stiffened and fitted with divisional plates to
prevent surging and thumping when the ship rolls heavily. The tanks are to be
arranged so that air pockets will not form during filling and such that the water
will level itself as fast as it is delivered; escape and limber holes being cut in
beams, frames, etc, as necessary to facilitate filling and draining. Where air
pockets are unavoidable, an additional air escape may be fitted.
b.
The internal structure of each tank is to allow ready access to all parts of the
tank for preservation, by abrasive blasting and painting and for inspection and
cleaning.
c.
Welding is to conform to NES 706.
d.
For tank preservation see Clause 3.10.2a .
e.
A high standard of inspection of all welded joints in FW tanks is essential to

maintain FW purity, see Clauses 3.9.6b and 3.9.6c . Where the requisite
standard of inspection cannot be met, then FW tanks are to be separated from
other tanks containing SW or oil by means of watertight coffer-dams.
f.
For calibration of tanks see Clauses 1.12.3a to 1.12.3c inclusive.
g.
Access to tanks is to be provided by manholes fitted with raised coamings and

watertight covers. The covers are to be secured by through bolts or studs in
accordance with the latest approved practice. For Submarine applications, the
latest approved practice, e.g. flush manholes, is also to be followed.
h.
Ladders in FW tanks are not to be coated but are to be galvanized,

see Clause 1.2.2b .
i.
Piping, gearing etc, of any description are not to be led through the tanks except
when required for the operation of the FW system. For restriction on the use of
nonferrous fittings in tanks see Clause 1.2.2c .
Submarines
a.
The number and allocation of FW tanks will be specified in the appropriate

STR. (See also Clause 4.2.1.1).
1.6.3
Filling Arrangements
1.6.3.1
Surface Ships
a.
Provision is to be made for receiving FW through screwed deck connections and

elbow adaptors from shore, from waterboats alongside and from watercarriers
during ReplenishmentAtSea (RAS). Provision is also to be made for the
supply of water to ships alongside or in company.
1.13

(NES 728)
b.
c.
The filling system is to be designed to enable the following pumping rates to be

met:
(1)
Ships of Frigate/Destroyer size and above 100 m3/h;
(2)
Ships below Frigate/Destroyer size
50 m3/h.
In Surface Ships a minimum of four shore filling connection points are to be

fitted, sited as follows:
(1)
(2)
For ships of length between 109 m and 131 m:

(a)
Two connections between 40 m and 49 m from the forward end, one

port and one starboard;
(b)
Two connections between 40 m and 49 m from the aft end, one port
and one starboard.
For ships of length between 150 m and 213 m:

(a)
Two connections between 35 m and 53 m from the forward end, one

port and one starboard;
(b)
Two connections between 35 m and 53 m from the aft end, one port
and one starboard.
d.
In ships less than 100 m in length the provision of two points is acceptable,
providing that they are sited near to the centre line, one forward and one aft
within the ranges specified in Clause 1.6.3.1c , with direct access across the deck
from either side.
e.
Storage tanks are to be filled via the filling and transfer line, through deck
connections sited as specified in Clause 1.6.3.1c . Each deck connection is to be
arranged to take an adaptor fitted with two 65 mm female instantaneous hose
connections to SDN 000 819 097/1-2.
f.
In multispot ships, the deck connections are to be fitted in the deck or ship side
in the positions specified in Clause 1.6.3.1c , and crossconnected. Leads are to
be taken from the crossconnections to the filling and transfer line.
g.
For RAS, deck connections are to be readily accessible to the RAS areas. Each
deck connection is to be provided with an adaptor to SDN 000 819 098/1-3 to
take a 165 mm flange.
h.
In order to avoid the risk of excessive pressure in the FW storage tanks during
filling operations, filling funnels are to be fitted above the crown of each storage
tank. Each filling funnel is to be filled with a light alloy cover provided with a
locking arrangement. The filling and transfer main is to discharge into the
filling funnels. A ball/plug valve, selected from NES 360, is to be fitted in the
filling pipe immediately above the filling funnel and also at the tank top. The
pipe below the filling funnel to the tank is to be at least one size larger than the
filling and transfer main.
i.
Aerating roses are to be fitted on the filling line within the tanks.
j.
Each FW tank is to be fitted with a continuous distant reading type contents

indicator, indicating at the FW filling station. The sounding tube is to be used
for checking the continuous reading gauge as necessary.
k.
Special precautions are to be taken to ensure that the hoses used for filling the
storage tanks, and the tanks themselves are thoroughly clean when taking
water on board, (see BR 820).
1.14

(NES 728)
1.6.3.2
1.6.4
1.6.5
Submarines
a.
Normal supply to the storage tanks is to be from the desalination plant via the
feed transfer and FW filling systems. Where FW tanks are sited adjacent to the
Weapons Storage Compartment (WSC) they are not to be supplied directly from
the desalination plants unless the water is first cooled.
b.
The system is to permit all tanks (excluding emergency cooling cylindrical and
jacket tanks) being filled from an outboard source by hose, to be through an
inboard hose connection situated near the engine room hatch. This connection
is to be fitted with a ball type stop valve and strainer. The FW filling control
system is to be sited at the position specified in the STR.
c.
Arrangements are to be made so that feed water may be used to augment the FW
supply.
d.
The system is to be so arranged that one storage tank can supply water to the
main while the other is being filled from the FW filling line. The tank to the
WSC spray system is always to be full.
e.
Each tank is to be fitted with a remote reading contents gauge indicating at the
FW filling station. The tank supplying the WSC spray grid is to be fitted with a
low-level alarm.
Sterilization
a.
Fittings to facilitate the sterilization of the FW in the storage tanks are to be

provided to each tank and are to consist of a mixing tank with leads to the filling
funnels in compliance with the arrangements shown on SDN 003 504 117. The
mixing tank is provided to introduce a chlorinating agent into the tank to the
strength specified in BR 820.
b.
Water purifiers may be fitted between the desalination plant and the filling and
transfer main for use when unavoidably distiling in potentially polluted waters;
see NES 328.
c.
Former distinctions between the standards required for drinking and washing
water should not be maintained.
d.
All FW taken from barge or shore should be chlorinated to a chlorine content of

0.2 ppm.
Sounding Tubes
a.
In Surface Ships a sounding tube is to be fitted to each FW tank and is to be 60.3

mm pipe size which is of suitable bore to pass the MOD standard sounding tape.
The pipe is to be similar to that used for air escapes (see Clause 1.6.6b ). The
sounding tube may be combined with one of the tank's air escapes in which case
the tube is to be perforated within the tank just below the crown to provide an
open area equal to that of the air escape. See SDN 003 503 642 and
SDN 003 503 703.
b.
The sounding tube is to be vertical and is to extend to within 100 mm of the

bottom of the tank. In order to prevent damage to the tank coating, the bottom
of the sounding tube is to be sealed. Perforations around the circumference of
the tube are to be made to permit entry of the water.
c.
The upper end of the sounding tube is to be provided with a locked screw cap
and is to be fitted in the vicinity of the filling funnel. Where practicable,
sounding tubes are to be arranged alongside bulkheads, etc, in order that their
upper ends may extend permanently about 300 mm above the deck. Elsewhere
they are to be fitted with locked watertight deck plates.
1.15

(NES 728)
d.
1.6.6
Sounding tubes are to be hotdip galvanized internally and externally after all
welding and machining has been completed.
Air Escapes
a.
Two air escapes are to be fitted at the highest position in each tank, the two
positions being as remote from one another as can be arranged. For tanks of
capacity 75 tonne or more the pipes are to be 60.3 mm outside diameter (OD)
pipe size; for tanks under 75 tonne capacity the pipes are to be 42.4 mm OD pipe
size. Where a filling funnel is not used and the tank is filled directly, then it
must be ensured that the total area of the air escapes is not less than the tank
filling pipe.
b.
Materials for air escape pipes are given in Clause 1.2.5a . The pipes are to
conform to BR 3013(2), Part 2 and generally are to have a wall thickness of
3 mm. From inner bottom to just above the floor plates in machinery
compartments, the pipes are to have a wall thickness of not less than 10 mm.
c.
Air escape pipes are to terminate in a `goose neck' within the gas citadel and at
least 2 m above the RED RISK ZONE. The goose neck is to be fitted with a fixed
perforated closure and led clear of fuel oil air escapes. Air escape pipes are not to
terminate in living spaces unless unavoidable.
d.
Care is to be taken to ensure that air escape pipes from FW tanks are not
combined with air escapes from any other tank.
e.
Air escape pipes are to be led as directly as possible; pockets and long horizontal
portions are to be avoided. Pipes are not to penetrate any main transverse
watertight bulkhead.
1.7
Pump Selection
1.7.1
General
1.7.2
a.
The information in Clauses 1.7.2 to 1.7.6 applies to pumps for Surface Ships
only.
b.
Pumps are to conform to NES 327.
c.
Generally, electric motor driven selfpriming centrifugal pumps are to be fitted

for the distribution of FW throughout the ship.
d.
For number of pumps to be fitted, see Clause 1.11.2m.
e.
For operation of pumps in NBCD State 1, see BR 2170.
Cold Water Pump

a.
The cold water pump is to pressurize both the cold and hot FW systems.
b.
The total pressure is inclusive of a maximum suction lift of 7.6 m and allowance
is to be made for a minimum gauge pressure of 0.35 bar at the highest point, or
1.40 bar for Bridge windows whichever is the greater. Friction losses are to be
added when assessing what height the pumps can be used to supply.
c.
Performance curves for the two cold FW pumps are given in Figure 1.5 and
Figure 1.6 respectively.
d.
It is possible to obtain pumps with nonstandard impellers to give modified

performance.
1.16

(NES 728)
Worthington Simpson Self Priming Pump 10 m3/h (Symes No. 4.1.5.1)
Head/Quantity
3500 rev/min
Pump Efficency
Absorbed Power
Quantity m3/h
Figure 1.5 Domestic Cold Water Pump Performance Curves
1.17

(NES 728)
Worthington Simpson Self Priming Pump 10 m3/h (Symes No. 4.1.5.2)

Head/Quantity
Efficency %
3500 rev/min
kW
2.0
Absorbed Power
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
Quantity m3/h
Figure 1.6 Domestic Cold Water Pump Performance Curves
1.18
Pump Input Power
Pump Efficency

(NES 728)
1.7.3
1.7.4
Cold Water Boost Pump

a.
If it is necessary to use a pump for boost duty, the pump selected is to be of the
selfpriming type so as to reduce the period of running with no cold water feed,
in the event of a temporary failure of the main cold water system.
b.
Consideration is to be given to fitting an electrical cutout on the boost pump to

be initiated by lack of water at the suction.
Hot Water Pump

a.
The hot water pump is to provide a circulation round the ring main during
periods of low demand to limit the temperature drop between the calorifier
outlet and return to about 5C.
b.
Requirements for calculating the capacity of the hot water pump are given in
Clause 1.11.9c .
c.
A pump of simple design, having a continuously falling head/quantity

characteristic, preferably fairly `steep' to maintain a recirculated flow at peak
periods, is adequate for the circulating duty. At peak periods the pressure drop
in the ring main may exceed the pressure available from the hot water
circulating pump. In these circumstances there will be no need for circulation
of water but the circulating pump is to be capable of operation for relatively long
periods under this `run out' condition, during which it may have a very low Net
Positive Suction Head (NPSH) available.
d.
Performance curves for the preferred hot FW pump are given in Figure 1.7 and
others in Figure 1.8.
1.19

(NES 728)
Worthington Simpson 1D S5 0.55 m3/h (Symes No. 4.1.5.1)
Head Quantity
Efficency %
1750 revs/min
kW
Power Absorbed
0.2
Water at 15 C
0.1
0
Quantity m3/h
Figure 1.7 Hot Water Circulating Pump Performance Curves (Preferred)

1.20
Pump Input Power
Pump Efficiency

(NES 728)
Worthington Simpson 1DS 2M Monobloc (NonSymes Range)
Head Quantity
1150 revs/min
bar
NPSH Required
0.1
NPSH
0.2
0
0.05
0.04
Power Absorbed
0.03
Water at 15 C
0.02
0.01
Pump Input Power
kW
Figure 1.8 Hot Water Circulating PumpPerformance Curves (Other Pumps)

1.21

(NES 728)
1.7.5
Hot Water Boost Pump

a.
1.7.6
The use of a hot water boost pump is to be avoided by using local electric water
heaters, supplied direct from the cold water system, (see Clause 1.8.3b ).
Pump Protection
a.
If a cold water pump is allowed to continue to run when no fluid is passing

through it overheating may result. A continuous flow of water sufficient to cool
the pump can be maintained by the use of a leakoff from the pump supply.
b.
With the use of a leakoff there is a continuous flow for which allowance must be
made when selecting the pump. An orifice plate is placed in the return line from
the pump discharge to the storage tank to limit the pressure of the cooling water
entering the storage tank, in the case of a boost pump, from the pump discharge
to the supply main.
c.
The orifice plate is to be sized as follows:

(1)
Determine from the pump performance data the minimum flow necessary
to protect the pump. Use this flow to establish the friction loss in the
return piping from the orifice to the storage tank.
(2)
Use the approximate formula:

d 10.50
where
d.
Calorifiers
1.8.1
Types of Equipment
b.
1.8.2
orifice bore (mm)
= flow (m3/h)
= total head across orifice (m).
When any specific pump has been selected, a check is to be made on the
manufacturer's characteristic curves to ensure that the electric motor supplied
with the pump will not be overloaded when the pump runs out on its
characteristic.
1.8
a.
The types of equipment considered are:

(1)
Domestic calorifiers;
(2)
Calorifiers, for individual or special services, for use in isolated positions

and for emergency use.
Selection of calorifiers is discussed in Clause 1.11.10a .
Heating Capacity
a.
The capacity of the calorifier in:

(1)
Surface Ships are to meet as a minimum the requirements of

Clause 1.11.10b;
(2)
Submarines are to meet as a minimum the requirements of

Clause 4.1.2.2a.
1.22

(NES 728)
1.8.3
General Requirements
a.
All calorifiers are to conform to the relevant requirements and design data
given in NES 329 and fitted as required in Clause 1.4.
b.
Isolated positions which cannot conveniently be serviced by the hot water

system are to be supplied by individual electric water heaters. Individual
electrical water heaters are also required in medical compartments for
emergency use, see Table 1.1.
Ship Complement
over
1300
Location
1300
- 801
800 501
500 301
under
301
Heatt
H
Input
(kW)
Capacity (m3)
0.068
0.068
Sterilizing Room
0.023
0.023
Treatment Room
0.023
Emergency Operating
Theatre or Station
0.023
0.023
0.023
0.023
Table 1.1 Scale of Electric Water Heaters

c.
A preferred range of other calorifiers is shown in Table 1.2.

Capacity (m3)
Heat Input (kW)
0.023
0.068
14
0.113
10
Table 1.2 Range of Alternative Calorifiers

d.
1.8.4
Steam/water mixers may be used where specified in the STR and provided
nonreturn valves are fitted in the steam and cold water supply lines.
Submarines
a.
In Submarines, the hot water tank is to be electrically heated and

thermostatically controlled to limit the water temperature to 71C. The tank is
to have a storage capacity of 0.546 m3 and a heating capacity of 34 kW. This is
equivalent to a duty of 0.0045 m3 per hour per person of complement. The
capacity and duty of the hot water system may be varied due to other
constraints and reference is to be made to the STR.
b.
Heating supplies are to be controlled by thermostats sited in the vessel's hot

water calorifier or tank.
1.9
Drinking Water and Cooled Fresh Water
1.9.1
Drinking Water Tanks

a.
In Surface Ships drinking water tanks complete with stands, cocks, drip pans
etc, are to be supplied and fitted as follows:
(1)
One - 150 litre tank in each First Aid Post;
(2)
One - 50 litre tank in each Engine and Boiler Room;
(3)
One - 20 litre tank in each Auxiliary Machinery Room;
1.23

(NES 728)
(4)
In order that additional bulk supplies of FW are available at First Aid

Posts and Fire Party Posts, stowage and securing arrangements are to be
provided for plastic `Jerry' cans NSN 0284/120-7251.
Note
1.9.2
1.9.3
First Aid personnel, closed up at their Action Stations, will carry

personal water bottles, NSN A 249/973-6972, to provide an
immediate supply of FW for first aid.
b.
Where a cooled drinking water unit is not fitted in or adjacent to the sick bay, a
drinking water tank is to be provided.
c.
In all major vessels an emergency 250 litres capacity FW tank is to be fitted in

the vicinity of the galley. In the sick bay, emergency operating positions and in
the vicinity of the bridge windows, a 150 litre FW tank is to be fitted. In minor
vessels emergency FW tanks are to be fitted where space permits.
d.
In Submarines emergency FW tanks complete with contents gauges are to be

fitted in each escape compartment and are to be of sufficient capacity to provide
0.6 litre per day per person for the entire crew for four days. For guidance on the
capacity or the source of supply, reference should be made to the STR and the
current recommendations of the Standing Committee on Submarine Escape
and Reserve (SCOSER).
Drinking Water Coolers

a.
In Surface Ships selfcontained drinking water coolers are to be provided.
b.
In Submarines a drinking water cooler is to be provided in the main machinery

space and a mineral dispenser, capable of dispensing both soft drinks and cooled
water, is to be provided in the crew quarters. The coolers are to be cooled by the
Submarine's chilled water system.
Cooled Fresh Water

a.
In ships fitted with a large photographic section, cooled FW is to be supplied to

the sinks in the developing and printing rooms. For this purpose a cooled FW
tank is to be located in, or close to, the section and supplied from the cold water
system through a ball or plug valve. Chilled refrigerant from the ship's
refrigerating machinery is to be circulated through a coil in the tank.
b.
A cooled FW unit is to be provided for small photographic sections such as in

survey vessels.
1.10
Auxiliary Components
1.10.1
Accumulators
a.
An accumulator is to be fitted to each hot water system to absorb any increase in

liquid volume due to thermal expansion during periods of low demand.
Normally the accumulator should be of the hydropneumatic type consisting of
an outer shell and an inner separator bag preloaded with air. Preloading
arrangements are to be provided on the basis that the air will be supplied by a
foot pump through a Schraeder valve connection on the accumulator.
Alternatively, on Submarines, a pressure relief valve is to be fitted to the hot
water tank and set relative to the appropriate system operating pressure.
b.
The procedure for sizing the accumulator is given in Clauses 1.11.14c to

1.11.14f inclusive.
1.24

(NES 728)
c.
Units currently available are given in Table 1.3.

Capacity
Where Fitted
Reference
0.0045 m3
SSN
IPC FP/17
0.009
m3
SSN
PIL FP/2
0.035
m3
SSN
Table 1.3 Range of Accumulators

d.
1.10.2
1.10.3
Submarine Tank Air Pressure Charging Equipment

a.
When pressurized from the AV&B System, Submarine FW tanks are to be fitted
with combined vent and blow cocks or inboard vents only, depending upon the
system arrangement.
b.
Reduced pressure air for blowing the tanks is taken from the HP air ring main
crossconnection via two reducers arranged in series to give a minimum
working pressure as determined in Clause 1.11.6e .
c.
A pressure indicator with a range of 0 to 15 bar is to be fitted between the

reducers. A pressure indicator with a range of 3.5 bar and a relief valve set at 2.4
bar in Submarines.
Pipework
a.
1.10.4
Alternatively, a DPA standard 0.022 m3 Chilled/Hot Water Air Conditioning

System `Feed and Expansion Tank' may be used without the float level switch.
Piping and fittings, connections/flanges, screwed fasteners and jointing are to

be selected from the standard ranges given in BR 3013(2), Part 2
(See Clauses 3.8.2.1 to 3.8.2.3, and Clauses 3.8.3 to 3.8.4).
Air Release Units

a.
Automatic air release units, or manual as may be required, are to be fitted at the
highest points of the main piping system and the vent pipes are to be led to
convenient drainage systems in a manner which enables water leakage to be
readily noticed. The movement and normal trim of Surface Ships must be
considered in the detailed pipe layout. The actual installation is likely to follow
deckhead lines without regard to the optimum aim of self venting design (i.e. a
minimum of high points). These requirements are not applicable to
Submarines, where FW systems are pressurized by air and air release devices
are not fitted.
b.
Typical air release arrangements for fitting at the highest points in the main
piping system, are given in Clause 1.11.15a to 1.11.15e inclusive.
c.
A typical automatic air release valve is shown in Figure 1.9.
1.25

(NES 728)
Valve Seat Gasket

Valve
Cap
Valve Seat
Cap Gasket
Body
Ball Float
Figure 1.9 Typical Automatic Air Release Valve
1.11
System Details
1.11.1
Introduction
a.
1.11.2
Clauses 1.11.2 to 1.11.15 gives information on factors affecting the detail design
of hot and cold FW systems which must be considered when carrying out the
calculations described in Annex D.
Hot and Cold Water Systems

a.
A line diagram is to be prepared for the complete cold water system envisaged,
showing all branches with the number of each size of outlet shown on each
branch.
1.26

(NES 728)
b.
The distribution of the design water flow is to be allocated to each section of

piping. The water flow in any section of pipe will equal the flow discharged by
the number of outlets downstream of that section, multiplied by the
appropriate diversity factor. This procedure is to be applied to all pipe sections
including those on branches.
c.
It will be noted that the sum of the flows in all the branches will greatly exceed
the design flow of the cold water pump. However, this is in order as each branch
must be sized for its appropriate design flow.
d.
The design should be refined to take into account any service which requires
large quantities of water. The largest branch from the cold water system will be
to the calorifiers and reconsideration of the pipe size may be required.
e.
For each section of pipe a preliminary determination of the pipe size necessary
to convey the required flow is to be made, taking into account the minimum
pipe sizes for the number of washbasins and showers given in NES 120. The
maximum quantity which may be passed through each size of copper pipe is
shown in Table 1.4. After assessing the balance of the initial sizing of the
system it may be necessary to change the pipe size in some sections either to
reduce or to increase the pressure drop. The values given are limiting values on
the general levels to be followed. Higher speeds will be accepted for Submarine
applications where space limitations may demand the fitting of smaller
diameter pipework.
Pipe
Size
Bore
8
12
15
22
28
35
42
54
76.1
108
133
6.4
10.4
13.0
19.6
25.6
32.0
39.0
50.0
72.2
103.1
127.4
Maximum Mean Water Flow

Weight of
FW
Water Flow Water Speed
p
Friction Loss
(k / )
(kg/m)
3
(m /h)
(m/s)
(m/100m run)
0.03
0.07
0.6
12.66
0.09
0.27
0.9
13.57
0.13
0.58
1.2
16.75
0.30
1.63
1.5
14.91
0.52
3.34
1.8
14.83
0.81
5.8
2.0
13.56
1.20
9.05
2.1
11.63
1.97
16.28
2.3
10.13
4.10
38.35
2.6
8.11
8.34
90.1
3.0
6.85
12.73
137.1
3.0
5.33
Table 1.4 Domestic Fresh Water Systems, Pipe Size and Water Speeds
f.
The proposed route of the pipe system is to be marked out on the ship deck plans
and elevations and the following clearly indicated:
(1)
All bends and tee junctions;
(2)
All outlets and components to be served by the system;
(3)
All valves, strainers, air releases, or other fittings to be inserted in the

pipelines;
(4)
Pumps;
1.27

(NES 728)
(5)
The design water flow for each section in m3/h;
(6)
The approximate lengths of all pipes in metre;
(7)
All junction points on the main and branch pipes. These are to be
referenced using letters for junction to the main pipe, commencing with
À' at the aft FW storage tank, and using numbers for branch pipe
junctions. Each section of pipe will therefore be represented by the
references of its extremities (e.g. A-B, A-1, etc).
Note
When preparing the piping layout, the designer should also refer
to the requirements for pipe installation given in
Clauses 1.12.2a to 1.12.2w inclusive.
g.
The information from the ship plans may then be summarized in Annex D. on
Data Sheets D2/- and D3/- and used to calculate the system pressure drop on
Data Sheet D4/-.
h.
The FW system may usually be sized with acceptable accuracy using the
èquivalent length' method shown in Annex D. because the flows are variable
and the pipe runs are not fully determined at the time of calculation.
i.
Table 1.5 shows the èquivalent pipe length' for various valves and fittings.
Figure 1.10 gives a chart relating pipe size, pressure drop, water speed and flow
quantity for the range used in cold FW systems. Figure 1.11 gives similar
information for hot water systems.
1.28

(NES 728)
Component
Equivalent Pipe Length Coefficient (K)
Valves:
ball plug
ball plug (3way)
butterfly
diaphragm
15
60
30
150
gate
temperature control (3way)
swing check
Strainers
Sudden change (large to small)
Bends:
90R/D 8
45
180or 2 adjacent 90
12
Tees, dividing flow,
12
160
60
40
20
12
8
20

3
branch 1 3
Vb/V 0.5
Vb/V 1.0
Vb/V 1.25
Vb/V 1.5
Tees, dividing flow,
main 1 2
250
70
60
50
Negligible
23
Tees, Y dividing flow,

branch
or
Vb/V 0.5
Vb/V 0.7
Vb/V 1.0

1
1
1

2
3
250
120
70
Vb
branch velocity
combined flow velocity
Equivalent length (m)

where
= KD
1000
Equivalent pipe length coefficient of component
pipe bore (mm)
Table 1.5 Equivalent Straight Pipe Length for Valves, Bends, Tees, etc.
1.29

(NES 728)
Figure 1.10 Piping System Pressure Loss Chart (Fresh Water 10C)
1.30

(NES 728)
Figure 1.11 Piping System Pressure Loss Chart (Fresh Water 75C)
j.
The procedure described in Clauses 1.11.2a to 1.11.2i

repeated for the hot water system.
k.
The water usage in a ship is a function of the opportunities provided to use

water as well as the size of complement. An approximate guide can be obtained
from the size of pumps fitted to the types of ships as shown in Table 1.6, in
relation to their complement. The selection of pump is somewhat narrow as the
present approved range contains only two capacities of domestic cold water
pumps, i.e. 10m3/h and 5 m3/h.
1.31
inclusive is to be

(NES 728)
Ship Type
Complement
Number and Capacity

Fitted
Type 23
200
2 at 5 m3/h
Type 42/45
260/313
2 at 10 m3/h
Assault Ships
600 + 300 `Troops'
4 at 10 m3/h
CVS
970/980
4 at 10 m3/h
CV(F)
1000 Total (Approx)
4 at 10 m3/h
Table 1.6 Example of Pump Fits
1.11.3
l.
In ships of Frigate/Destroyer size and above, two pumps are normally to be

provided for each group of storage tanks. In ships below Frigate/Destroyer size,
one pump is to be provided for each group of storage tanks. At least two pumps
are to be provided. The pumps are to be identical.
m.
Very roughly it can be said that ships with a complement of say, 250 and under
will be fitted with two 5 m3/h pumps. Ships with a complement of, say 250 to
500 will be fitted with two 10 m3/h pumps and ships with a complement over 500
will be fitted with four 10 m3/h pumps.
Review of General Design

a.
1.11.4
Supplies to Washbasins and Showers

a.
1.11.5
Because of the averaging and diversifying factors used in the initial and final
design it is necessary for a general review to be made to ensure that these have
not led the designer into design detail which is inappropriate to the duties of the
system. A comparison with existing designs for similar ships which are known
to be satisfactory or to have certain limitations would be advantageous.
For arrangements and sizing of pipework in bathrooms see NES 120.
Diversity Factors for Outlets

a.
Because of the large flow involved it is not feasible or desirable to design the
system for all water outlets being in full use at one time.
b.
The system is to be designed on the basis that the normal percentage of outlets
that would be in use at any time will be as shown on Figure 1.12, ignoring
outlets which are not in daily use, e.g. decontamination supplies, emergency
supplies to sonar cooling equipment, etc. Figure 1.12 is basically intended for
application to bathroom outlets but it is to be used, in the absence of more
obvious ratios, for all multiple outlets.
c.
The diversity factor as applied to any point in the system relates to the number
of outlets downstream of that point. The diversity factor thus decreases as
consideration moves from the branch extremities towards the pumps.
d.
Certain outlets of a specialist nature may require a large water quantity at a

specific pressure. The incorporation of such equipment in the system will
necessitate modification of the method of calculating diversity factor.
e.
For economic reasons, to obtain the limits of discharge for the various outlets
the sizes that are to be fitted are shown in Table 1.7. The flow from showers
given is to be taken as being provided 50% from the hot water system and 50%
from the cold water system.
1.32

(NES 728)
Size of Outlet
(mm)
Flow Rate
(m3/h)
Window washer
0.07
Washbasin/tap
10
0.27
Shower head
13
0.27
Tap
13
0.57
Tap
19
1.63
Tap
25
3.34
Fitting
Table 1.7 Discharge Rate for Fittings

1.11.6
Cold Water Pump

a.
The capacity of the cold water pumps are to be adequate to pass the diversified
flow, ignoring outlets which are not in daily use.
b.
The pressure developed is to be the system calculated pressure drop, Annex D.

Data Sheet D4/- plus 10% plus 0.35 bar. This pressure may need to be
increased if there is a specific requirement for a pressure in excess of 0.35 bar for
equipment at high level, e.g. bridge window washers 1.4 bar, see Clause 1.3.1d .
c.
The pump may now be selected, see Clause 1.7.
d.
The pump discharge pressure at zero flow from a full storage tank is to be
obtained from the pump performance characteristic. This will be the maximum
working pressure of the system.
e.
In Submarines where the cold water system is pressurized by air and not by cold
water pumps, the calculated pressure drop, Annex D. Data Sheet D4/- plus
0.35 bar is to be the normal working pressure of the air in the FW storage tanks.
1.33

(NES 728)
This graph shows the normal

percentage of fittings that
might be in use at any one
time.
Figure 1.12 Diversity Factor: Number of Fittings Connected
1.11.7

a.
Where the total static head exceeds 4 bar or 90% of the maximum head available
from the cold FW pump selected, whichever is the lower, a boost system,
supplied by a continuously running pump, is to be provided to serve the higher
outlets. The limit of 4 bar has been selected to prevent lower outlets from being
subjected to unduly high pressures. The limit of 90% of the maximum head
available from the cold FW pump provides a 10% margin between head
available and required to allow for any errors in calculation.
1.34

(NES 728)
1.11.8
b.
The most convenient point to install the boost pump is to be selected, so as to be

close to the maximum demand on the boost circuit and to suit the ship's
arrangement. Note that the bridge window washers are likely to be on this
circuit. The point selected is to serve all outlets on the top decks and is to be
suitable for use with either cold water pump operating. The most suitable point
will probably be in the main branch to the top decks. If more than one branch is
proposed, consideration is to be given to rearranging the piping to provide one
main branch to the top deck, to installing more than one boost system or to
providing a main feed from boost pumps at each end.
c.
When it is decided that a cold water boost pump is to be installed then the
differential head necessary from the cold water pump is to be reassessed to
allow for the lower static lift required.
d.
The minimum differential head necessary from the boost pump is to be

determined by adding 0.35 bar to the maximum total head loss for the section
supplied by the boost pump.
Pressure at Outlets
a.
Once the pump pressure is known, the minimum pressure expected at all
outlets under design flow conditions is to be established in turn. As a general
rule, where the pressure at an outlet is in excess of a gauge pressure of 2 bar in
the cold and hot water systems, consideration is to be given to reducing the
pressure first by recalculating for smaller pipes. Use of smaller pipes means
saving in weight, cost and size of fittings as well as piping. Several
recalculations for pipe size may be advantageous, subject to the limitations
that the general water velocities do not exceed those given in Table 1.4 and that
the minimum pipe bore is not less than 13 mm diameter in the main system or
main branches. In Submarines higher speeds will be accepted where space
limitation demands the fitting of smaller bore pipework. It will be noted that
application of the pipe sizes given in NES 120 for washbasins and showers
automatically keeps the water speeds in these areas below the limiting speeds
given in Table 1.4.
b.
If it is not possible to reduce the pressure by the above method, orifice plates of
brass or nylon are to be fitted to the connections to all washbasin taps and
shower head fittings, etc, to limit the outlet pressure to 2 bar and the flow rates
to the quantities given in Table 1.7. Fitting the orifice plate to the connections
(see Figure 1.13) makes the orifice plate peculiar to the system and permits a
standard tap or shower head to be fitted. The size of orifice plate installed is to
be selected from the preferred range shown in Table 1.8.
1.35

(NES 728)
Figure 1.13 Washbasin Taps and Shower Head Fittings Fitting of Orifice Plates
Pressure in Main (bar)
Size of Orifice (mm)
over 3
2.5
2 to 3
3.0
Table 1.8 Range of Orifice Plates

1.11.9
Hot Water Circulation

a.
Hot water is to be circulated round the ring main so as to ensure that the
temperature drop at any branch does not exceed about 5C during periods of
low demand.
b.
It is possible to maintain adequate circulation by natural thermosyphon action

when the system resistance is low in relation to the vertical height of the flow
and return legs. Table 1.9 may be used to determine if natural thermosyphon
is possible.
Pipe Size of
Ring Main
(mm)
Maximum Equivalent Length of Ring Main For

Each 1 m Vertical Lift of Hot and Cold Legs
(including allowance for Valves, bends, etc) (m)
28
20
35
25
42
30
54
45
Table 1.9 Conditions for Thermo-Syphon

1.36

(NES 728)
1.11.10
c.
For compact systems on one deck, serving for example the galley and
dependencies or a group of washplaces, it may be possible to omit the use of a
circulating pump if the drawoff is reasonable when the system is used after a
period of no demand. Otherwise, a hot water circulating pump is to be fitted to
maintain the ring main at the required temperature and pressure.
d.
The pump selected may be capable of circulating flows in excess of the

calculated circulation. Therefore, a check is to be made to ensure that the
electric motor supplied with the circulating pump will not be overloaded when
the pump runs out on its characteristic.
Selection of Calorifier
a.
Consideration is to be given to the type of energy to be supplied to the

calorifiers, as to whether it should be electric or steam or duplicated by both or a
mixture of both. The decision will depend largely upon the design of the
auxiliary energy equipment on the ship but in addition the following points
need to be considered:
(1)
A steam control system can be modulated smoothly whereas electrically

heated calorifiers impose step load changes on the power supply.
(2)
The hot water temperature in a steam calorifier will be more smoothly

maintained than that in electrically heated units in which a `cutin' and
`cutout' hysteresis is associated with the dividing of the heating duty into
convenient steps.
(3)
On steam heated calorifiers the full load heating capacity may be

uncertain by design and by installation reasons because of lack of `type
testing' of some particular designs and because the steam pressure at the
calorifier is often significantly below the calorifier design steam pressure.
With electrically heated calorifiers the maximum available heat is
definite.
b.
The total number of calorifiers installed in the ship are to have a capacity of
0.77 kW per person of complement. This is equivalent to a hot water flow of
0.012 m3/hour for each person with the water temperature raised from 10C
to 65C.
c.
For steam heated calorifiers provided that the total output of the calorifier to
the water is specified, the manufacturer will arrange for the heat input to cover
the surface heat emission. It is necessary to allow for the surface losses from
electrically heated calorifiers and the piping system. However, these losses are
small and unless the calorifier rating is close to the required rating the losses
can be ignored. Table 1.10 gives the loss per metre run of normally insulated
pipe for use when it is decided to calculate the heat losses.
Pipe Size
(mm)
Rate of Heat Emission

(W/m run)
Initial Rate of Temperature Drop

(C/h)
15
7.1
45.3
22
8.9
25.0
28
10.4
17.2
35
12.2
12.9
42
13.9
9.9
54
16.8
7.2
Table 1.10 Hot Water Piping Heat Emission and Temperature Drop
1.37

(NES 728)
The values given show the rate of heat release and of drop of temperature of
water at 77C in pipes insulated with 19 mm rigid plastic foam (Thermal
conductivity 2.3 10-5 kW/mC) in an ambient of 15C and minimal flow
rate.
1.11.11
Hot Water System Peak Load

a.
1.11.12
When the heating capacity of calorifiers is sized on the basis given in

Clause 1.11.10b , `peak' demands on the system in excess of this requirement
will arise. It will not be possible to cater for every `peak' heat load which can
arise on the hot water system. The `peak' demands for hot water are to be
catered for by storage capacity which is normally to be combined with the
calorifier units. Such `peaks' of hot water are caused by the maximum usage of
bathrooms when all ship's complement want to wash/shower at the same time.
Hot Water Storage Capacity

a.
The storage capacity required is to be sufficient to ensure that the `peak'

demand described in Clause 1.11.11a can be met over a period of 60 minutes
without the water temperature falling from an initial 65C to below 50C.
b.
The minimum capacity is to be 0.114 m3 for small bathrooms or groups of

fittings, the maximum capacity being 0.455 m3.
c.
When sizing a calorifier for a particular duty the capacity should be determined
after discussion with the supplier and investigation of the space available. For
systems where the duration and magnitude of the peak hot water load is known
the required storage capacity can be estimated by interpolation from
Figure 1.14 to Figure 1.18 inclusive. These curves show the variation of hot
water outlet temperature with time in various conditions and are based upon
the following controlling factors:
d.
(1)
Heat input maximum (kW) = 20, 50, 100, 250, 300, 350 and 400;
(2)
System pipe capacity is 0.136 m3;
(3)
Calorifiers storage capacity (m3) = 0.023, 0.27, 0.45, 0.91;
(4)
Cold water is supplied at 10C;
(5)
Initial water temperature in the calorifier is 65C;
(6)
Circulation around the system is at 1.36 m3/h;
(7)
Hot water outlet rate (m3/h) = 0.23, 0.45, 0.91, 1.36, 1.82, 2.73, 3.41, 3.63,
4.55, 6.82, 9.1.
To produce curves for all of the above combinations of heat input, water outlet
rate and storage capacity would result in an excessive number of graphs. The
curves plotted were, therefore, kept to a minimum but the curves selected are
sufficient to ensure that an adequate comparison can be made for other
combinations of heat input, water outlet and storage capacity considered but
for which curves have not been produced. To achieve this, graphs were
produced with a selection of curves where the water temperature is maintained
above 60C throughout plus a selection where the water temperature drops
below 60C within 60 minutes. From these curves it can be determined for
other combinations of heat input, water outlet rate and storage capacity
whether or not a water temperature of 60C is maintained after 60 minutes.
1.38

(NES 728)
e.
The curves are arranged as follows:

(1)
Figure 1.14 - This indicates the hot water temperature against time for
a storage capacity of 0.023 m3 and enables interpolation to be made for
combinations of head input from 20 to 100 kW and water outlet rate from
0.23 m3/h to 1.36 m3/h.
(2)
combinations of head input from 20 kW to 100 kW and water outlet rate
from 0.23 to 1.36 m3/h.
(3)
combinations of heat input from 20 kW to 400 kW and water outlet rate
from 0.23 to 0.1 m3/h.
(4)
a storage capacity of 0.91 m and enables interpolation to be made for
combinations of heat input from 250 kW to 400 kW and water outlet rate
from 3.41 to 9.1 m3/h.
(5)
Figure 1.18 - This indicates the effect of changing the storage capacity.
To provide similar information for all heat inputs and hot water outlets
would necessitate a large number of curves. Figure 1.18 has therefore
been drawn for a heater input of 100 kW and a water outlet of 0.91 m3/h
merely to illustrate the value of changing the storage capacity.
NOTE It should be recognized that the capacity of the cold water pump
may also be a limiting factor should a peak hot water demand
coincide with a general peak demand. In these circumstances
certain limitations may have to be tolerated.
1.39
1.40
Figure 1.14 Hot Water Temperature From Calorifier: Time for a Storage
Capacity of 0.023 m3
20 kW/0.23 m3/h
50 kW/0.455 m3/h
100 kW/1.36 m3/h

50 kW/0.91 m3/h
20 kW/0.455 m3/h
50 kW/1.36 m3/h
At each curve:
Maximum heating input shown in kW
Water outlet rate shown in m3/h

(NES 728)
Storage Capacity 0.023 m3
Storage Capacity = 0.27 m3
1.41
100 kW/1.36 m3/h

50 kW/0.91 m3/h
20 kW/0.455 m3/h
50 kW/1.36 m3/h
At each curve
Maximum heating input shown in kW.
Water outlet rate shown in m3/h.
20 kW/0.91 m3/h

(NES 728)
Figure 1.15 Hot Water Temperature from Calorifier: Time for a Storage
Capacity of 0.27 m3
20 kW/0.23 m3/h

(NES 728)
1.42
Capacity of 0.455 m3
5
9
10
11
For each curve number
Maximum heating input shown in kW
1. 20 kW/0.455 m3/h
7. 350 kW/6.82 m3/h
2.
3.
4.
5.
50 kW/0.91 m3/h
100 kW/2.73 m3/h
400 kW/6.82 m3/h
150 kW/3.41 m3/h
6. 250 kW/4.55 m3/h
8.
9.
10.
11.
50 kW/1.36 m3/h
100 kW/3.41 m3/h
400 kW/9.1 m3/h
150 kW/3.64 m3/h
12. 20 kW/0.91 m3/h
12
1.43
400 kW/6.82 m3/h

250 kW/4.55 m3/h
350 kW/6.82 m3/h
400 kW/9.1 m3/h
At each curve
Maximum heating input shown in kW.

(NES 728)
Capacity of 0.91 m3
250 kW/3.41 m3/h
0.023 m3
0.27 m3
0.455 m3
Storage Capacity shown in m3
Heat input = 100 kW, Water outlet =0.91 m3

(NES 728)
Figure 1.18 Hot Water Temperature: Time Effect of Change in Storage Capacity
1.44

(NES 728)
1.11.13
Electric Water Heaters

a.
1.11.14
1.11.15
Isolated positions which cannot conveniently be served by the hot water system
are to be supplied by individual electric water heaters. Individual electric water
heaters are also required in medical compartments for emergency use
(see Clause 1.8.3b ).
Accumulator for Thermal Expansion

a.
The accumulator is to be designed to absorb, without significant increase in

system pressure, the increase in volume when the water in the hot water ring
main is heated between an arbitrarily chosen 54C and the thermostatically
controlled limit of 70C during zero discharge. (See NES 329).
b.
An increase from say 10C to 70C will arise very infrequently and would be
associated with an excessively large accumulator. This condition will not be
catered for by the accumulator but will be left to the calorifier relief valve.
c.
The volume of water contained in the hot water ring main is to be assessed and
added to the known storage capacity of the calorifier. The increase in volume
due to this total volume expanding thermally from 54C to 70C is to be
calculated. This is the volume to be absorbed by the accumulator.
d.
Table 1.4 gives the weight of water in 1 m length of pipes of various bores used in
hot water systems.
e.
The accumulator separator bag is to be precharged with air to a pressure (P1)

equal to the maximum zero flow discharge pressure of the cold water pump (ie
the hot water system maximum working pressure). In absorbing the increase in
volume the pressure in the accumulator is to be allowed to rise by 1.4 bar. The
upper pressure (P2) therefore equals P1 + 1.4 bar. The 1.4 bar increase is
specified on the basis that the calorifier relief valve is specified to commence to
lift at this point.
f.
The required capacity of the accumulator is to be approximately 5% of the total

hot water system capacity, including calorifier.
Provision for Air Removal

a.
For the satisfactory operation of the FW systems provision must be made for the
removal of air in the system which collects at high points, either because it had
been in the water of the system or because it was not cleared out of the system
during the initial fill.
b.
FW systems are to be provided with the following:
c.
(1)
Air bleed positions at every high point of the system. Each of these is to
consist of a pipe boss to which is fitted either an air bleed cock, or a length
of piping with the bleed cock at its end in an accessible position;
(2)
A number of air collecting vessels, in addition to the requirements of (1).

These operate by reducing locally the water velocity to onequarter of its
normal value, which permits air closely mixed with the water or in
solution to separate and collect at the top of the vessel, from which point it
may be drawn off.
Air collecting vessels should be fitted in horizontal pipes of the largest

convenient size, subject, for space reasons to a maximum of 54 mm pipe size.
They may be fitted in either flow or return pipes, as convenient.
1.45

(NES 728)
d.
Figure 1.19 shows a typical air collecting vessel arrangement. Requirements

for automatic air release units are given in Clause 1.10.4a .
Drain Pipe See Figure 1.20 and Figure 1.21
2D
2D min
Air Collecting Vessel

Water Main
2D
4D
NOTE: Dimensions 2 D are not to be greater than 100 mm
Figure 1.19 Typical Air Collecting Vessel

e.
Figure 1.20 and Figure 1.21 show the arrangements for installing air collecting
vessels with manual and automatic air release.
8 mm OD Tube
Isolating Valve Type 541,

Ermeto Drg. No. 54108 AB
NSN 4820995266397 (0241)
Pipe to be led to suitable,
clearly visible drain position
10 mm Bore 1/2inch BSP
part of Air Collecting Vessel
Figure 1.20 Air Collecting Vessel and Manual Air Release

1.46

(NES 728)
Isolating Valve Type 541,

Ermeto Drg. No. 54108 AB
NSN 4820995266397 (0241)
8 mm OD Tube
Air Eliminator Type E/A
Winn and Co.
Drg. No. 46896 or 44533
3/
8inch
BSP
10 mm Bore 1/2inch BSP

part of Air Collecting Vessel
Pipe to be led to suitable,
clearly visible drain position
Figure 1.21 Air Collecting Vessel and Automatic Air Release

1.12
Installation and Testing
1.12.1
General
a.
1.12.2
Flexibility is to be built into the systems to absorb the movement of the hull in
normal and heavy sea conditions and to cater for possible changes in
temperature of the hot water system.
Piping Installation
a.
Piping is to be arranged in a neat and orderly manner, and as short as possible

consistent with the design requirements for access, flexibility and ease of
maintenance. Wherever possible flanges and fittings in parallel systems are to
be staggered.
b.
Piping is to permit free passage in the walkways and working spaces and permit
maintenance of the ship's structure.
c.
Piping is to be arranged to allow for the full thickness of the thermal insulation
as required by NES 703.
d.
Straight lengths of piping between bulkheads, decks or anchor points are to be

avoided.
e.
All piping is to be readily accessible throughout its length and arranged not to
restrict headroom and as follows:
(1)
Clear of bulkhead stiffeners, deck beams and plating butts and seams to
allow for shock movement and maintenance;
(2)
Clear of the underside of hatch openings to avoid being used for

handholds;
(3)
Not to encroach on equipment removal routes, see NES 302.
1.47

(NES 728)
f.
Deck and bulkhead pieces, conforming to BR 3013(2), are to be fitted where

pipes pass through watertight structures. Any flange connection necessary to
the structure is to be entirely independent of the pipe joint. Jointing flanges of
pipes passing through decks are to be so arranged that they are at least 150 mm
clear of the deck.
g.
Joints are to be positioned to facilitate access, removal of machinery and

equipment.
h.
Joints are to be arranged so that any leakage will not damage equipment or
constitute a hazard or endanger personnel.
i.
Where practicable, piping layouts are to be designed to permit shop fabrication.

In such designs an adequate number of closing lengths are to be incorporated.
Closing lengths are to be made to a template.
j.
Where a pipe is to be connected to a valve or fitting, a suitable connection or ring

flange (see Clause 3.8.2.2a ) is to be fitted to the pipe to interface with the valve
or fitting.
k.
Straight piping of at least six diameters in length is to be provided downstream

of all turbulent raising equipments, e.g. throttling valves, bends, tees, etc.
l.
Where high and low points are unavoidable, vents and drains are to be provided.
m.
Wherever practicable, pipes are not to pass through electrical spaces such as
distribution centres or compartments containing switchboards, electronic
cubicles and other large nonwatertight electrical equipment. When this is not
possible the piping is to have no joints or valves within the compartment.
Should it be essential to have a valve or joint in the compartment, agreement
must be obtained as to the acceptable arrangement and siting of deflectors,
shields and/or drip trays necessary to protect the equipment from leaks and/or
sprays.
n.
Pipes are to be cased in where required and adequately stayed.
o.
The design of the pipe supports is to be in accordance with BR 3021. The

number of supports is to prevent excessive vibration but should not restrain the
pipes so as to cause excessive transfer of load from the structure to the pipe.
p.
Where pipes are attached to structure likely to be affected by gunblast, the pipe
hangers are to be closely spaced and well secured on structural members ie deck
beams or girders, not on deck panels.
q.
Supports are to be installed for fittings and heavy valves to prevent their weight
being supported by the attached piping.
r.
Adequate clearance is to be provided to allow for designed deflection of system

components under shock. Due account should be taken of the deflection of the
supporting structure and other equipment under the shock load.
s.
Pipework adjoining flexible assemblies is to be supported as close as possible to

the flexible pipe. The supports are to be installed to prevent such misalignment
of the flexible assembly as to cause the transmission of excessive forces to the
connected machinery.
t.
In piping systems the straight portion is to be worked as far as possible in

standard lengths, convenient for dismantling.
1.48

(NES 728)
1.12.3
1.12.4
u.
Bends in pipes are to conform to the requirements of Clause 3.9.4b . Short stiff
bends are to be avoided, particularly in positions likely to be subjected to
vibration.
v.
Copper pipes are to be kept clear of aluminium alloy structure. At least 12 mm

is to be provided between the pipes or the pipe insulating material and the
structure.
w.
Nonferrous piping is not to be fitted into any part of the ship so low as to come
into contact with bilge water.
Fresh Water Tank Calibration

a.
The FW tanks are to be calibrated in tonne either by filling with a known

quantity of water or by calculation. The required method will be stated in the
STR.
b.
The results are to be tabulated and the capacity curves, showing the capacity in
tonne against depth, forwarded to DPA.
c.
Calibration index plates of nickel silver are to be supplied and fitted at each
sounding position except where Clause 1.6.3.2e applies. The following
information is to be engraved on each plate:
(1)
Contents of the tank in tonne and decimals of a tonne corresponding to

the soundings in metres and millimetres;
(2)
The distance of the water surface below the top of the sounding tube when
the tank is 95% full, to be engraved in red.
Pressure Tests
a.
The pressure to which the systems are to be designed is the shut valve pressure
of the pumps, i.e. the maximum working pressure.
b.
The various parts of each installation are to be tested during manufacture to

two times the maximum working pressure and after installation onboard to one
and a half times maximum working pressure.
c.
The MOD Project Representative is to be informed when pressure tests will be

carried out during manufacture so that representation can be arranged if
required. Similarly, the MOD Project Representative is to be notified when all
pressure tests are carried out on board.
d.
Clean FW is to be used for all tests during manufacture and after installation
onboard.
e.
Test pressures are to be maintained for periods decided by the Inspecting

Authority as adequate to permit a thorough and complete inspection of all parts
for leaks. Test pressures are to be maintained for at least 30 minutes.
f.
Shop pressure tests are to be carried out after all welding or brazing and
machining has been completed with all holes for securing the insulation drilled
and before paint, insulation or covering of any kind has been applied. The tests
after installation may be carried out with insulation in place, but the joints of
pipe flanges, connections and valves are to be uncovered.
g.
Any equipment that may be opened up after the manufacturer's shop tests
must be retested to shop or installation test pressure as appropriate to show
that it functions correctly after reassembly.
1.49

(NES 728)
h.
1.12.4.1
1.12.4.2
Valves
a.
All valve bodies are to be tested to twice the working pressure. After assembly
all valves are to be tested to the working pressure with the valve half open to test
the gland. All except ball valves are then to be tested closed with one and a half
times working pressure on the inlet side of the valve. Valves which may admit
pressure from either side in service, except ball valves, are to have the test
pressure applied independently on each side. Ball valve seats are to be tested to
working pressure only for freedom from seat leakage as the design of these
valves is such that an increase in pressure ensures a tighter seal and therefore
the lower pressure is more critical.
b.
For ball and butterfly valves, directly on completion of the tests above, at least
one in five of production batch is to be air bubble tested from 0.35 bar to 0.7 bar
on each seat independently; no leakage is to occur.
c.
All valves are to be suitable for a working pressure of 12 bar and the test
pressure is to be based on this figure irrespective of the working pressure of the
system.
Fresh Water Tanks

a.
1.12.4.3
(1)
In Surface Ships to the pressure given in NES 155 for a period of

72 hours;
(2)
In Submarines the tanks are to be tested in accordance with the

requirements of the STR.
In addition to the requirements of Clause 1.12.4b , any section of piping inside

the containment boundary may require to be tested to the containment
pressure, depending on the system arrangement and the requirements in the
STR.
Trials
a.
1.12.6
Tanks are to be tested as follows:
Pipework in Submarines
a.
1.12.5
Parts tested are to be clearly stamped or etched or, where special materials are
involved, painted by the manufacturer with his identification mark, the test
pressure and the date of the test.
Trials are to be carried out to demonstrate the correct functioning of the

systems in accordance with NES 366 Parts 1 and 2. A minimum pressure of
0.35 bar is to be available at the outlet most remote from the pumps when the
system is operating at full load. Additionally, a pressure of 1.4 bar is to be
available at the Bridge Window Washer Systems.
Insulation
a.
Thermal insulation, conforming to NES 703 is to be applied to cold FW piping

where it passes through store rooms and accommodation spaces, over electrical
equipment and in any other location where condensation is unacceptable. Hot
FW piping is to be insulated with the exception of that stated in Clause 1.12.6b .
b.
All FW piping on the surface of the lining in cabins, washplaces and showers is
not to be insulated. In Submarines, piping behind linings is not to be insulated.
1.50

(NES 728)
1.12.7
Colours and Marking

a.
FW piping systems are to be identified with pressure sensitive identification

tapes conforming to NES 853 Part 1 for Surface Ships and NES 853 Part 2 for
Submarines.
b.
All pipes of 25 mm OD and above (including insulation, if fitted) are to be

identified by stencilled system code letters as follows:
(1)
Cold FW system
FWC
(2)
Domestic Hot FW
FWH
c.
All pipes of less than 25 mm OD (including insulation, if fitted) are to be

identified by colour banding. The pipe coupling is to be painted Middle
Brunswick Green (BS 381C colour No 226). The length of pipe 150 mm each
side of this coupling is to be painted Azure Blue (BS 381C colour No 104). Valve
levers are to be painted Azure Blue. Where there are no pipe couplings 50 mm of
piping is to be painted to represent the coupling and 150 mm each side of this
band is to be painted with pipe colouring.
d.
The colour banding of pipes is to be kept to a minimum, being used only for
lengths of pipes which cannot be easily identified by other means, e.g. valve
levers or near attachments to readily identifiable machines or equipment.
1.51

(NES 728)
1.52

(NES 728)
2.
NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS
Related Documents: BS 381C, BS EN ISO 1461; see also Annex A.
2.1
Materials
2.1.1
Material Selection
2.1.2
a.
Pipe clips are to be of steel, galvanized in accordance with BS EN ISO 1461 (see
also Clause 1.12.2o ).
b.
All items used in the construction of Ships FW systems should be of types that
do not provide a habitat for bacteria.

a.
Access ladders inside storage tanks are to be of steel, galvanized in accordance

with BS EN ISO 1461.
2.2
Installation
2.2.1
Colours and Marking

a.
All pipes of less than 25 mm outside diameter (including insulation, if fitted) are
to be identified by colour banding. The pipe coupling is to be painted Middle
Brunswick Green (BS 381C colour No 226). The length of pipe 150 mm each
side of this coupling is to be painted Azure Blue (BS 381C colour No 104). Valve
levers are to be painted Azure Blue.
2.1

(NES 728)
2.2

(NES 728)
3.
MILITARY STANDARDS/REQUIREMENTS
Related Documents: BS 864; BS 1387; BS 1706; BS 3382 Part 2; BS 3602 Part 1;
BS 3692; BS EN 100281, 2 and 4; NES 101; NES 102; NES 107; NES 106; NES 107;
NES 309; NES 327; NES 328; NES 329; NES 341; NES 360; NES 703; NES 706; NES
707; NES 710; NES 722; NES 729 Parts 1 to 5; NES 743 Part 1, 4 and 5; NES 745 Parts 1
and 2; NES 748; NES 763; NES 769; NES 771; NES 773; NES 791; NES 797; NES 830
Part 1; NES 833 Part 2; NES 837; NES 1018 Part 1; NES 1032 Parts 1 to 4; BR 820;
BR 2170; BR 3013(2); BR 3013(2) Part 2; BR 3021; DG Ships/G/10000B; see also
Annex A.
3.1
Drawings
3.1.1
System Drawings
3.1.2
a.
All drawings are to conform to the requirements of NES 722.
b.
Drawings to be supplied by the Shipbuilder will be defined in the STR.
c.
Equipment drawings are to be supplied by the equipment manufacturer (see

Clause 1.1.3a ).
d.
Each pipe system covered in this NES for which drawings are required will be
specified in the STR. Drawings are to be based on any associated DPA guidance
drawings.
System Diagrammatic Arrangement Drawings

a.
Symbols used are to conform to NES 707.
3.2
Materials
3.2.1
Material Selection
3.2.2
a.
Any proposals to use new materials not specified in this NES are to be
submitted to DPA for approval.
b.
Gunmetal is only to be used in Submarines with the specific approval of DPA.

a.
3.2.3
Pumps
a.
3.2.4
Materials for rotary pumps are given in NES 327.
Calorifiers
a.
3.2.5
Where constructed independent of the hull structure, storage tanks are to be of

steel complying with NES 791.
Materials for calorifiers are given in NES 329.
Non-ferrous Pipework
a.
All FW piping except that specified in Clause 1.2.5a is to be of copper (6 bar,

200C maximum temperature), to NES 837. Connections and flanges are to be
of gunmetal to NES 830 Part 1 (see BR 3013(2), Part 2) except where
Clause 1.2.1b applies.
3.1

(NES 728)
3.2.6
Steel Pipework
a.
3.2.7
3.2.8
Valves
a.
Materials for valves are given in NES 360.
b.
Push cocks for supply to cabin, bathroom, workshop and office washbasins,
mess drawoff, etc, are to be of chromeplated brass.
Screwed Fasteners
a.
3.2.9
Materials for screwed fasteners are to be:

(1)
High tensile aluminium bronze complying with NES 833 Part 2 for
nonferrous pipes and fittings only;
(2)
Steel complying with BS 3692, zinc plated in compliance with BS 3382,

Part 2, for diameters up to M18 and BS 1706, Zn3 for diameters above
M18 for ferrous pipes and fittings.
Jointing
a.
3.2.10
Sounding tubes, air escapes and sections of suction pipes within fresh water
tanks are to be carbon steel complying with BS 3602, Part 1, Hot Finished
Seamless (HFS Grade 360) or Cold Finished Seamless (CFS Grade 360),
galvanized internally and externally. Connecting sleeves and ring flanges are to
to be of galvanized steel complying with BS EN 10028-1/2 (see BR 3013(2),
Part 2).
Jointing rings are to be of rubberized cork in accordance with BR 3013(2).

Jointing paste is not to be used.
Insulation
a.
Thermal insulation is to conform to NES 703.
3.3
3.3.1
General
a.
Domestic hot and cold FW systems are to be designed to meet the following
Military requirements:
(1)
To ensure that the system will provide and maintain the required degree
of cold water purity in service as specified in BR 820;
(2)
To meet zoning requirements laid down in NES 119;
(3)
The systems are to be designed to conform to the requirements of

NES 710 and NES 797.
3.3.2
Cold Water System, Services Supplied
3.3.2.1
Surface Ships
a.
Compartments and services in Surface Ships to be supplied with cold FW will

include:
(1)
Bathrooms, Water Closets (WC) and Urinals, see NES 120;
(2)
Dining Halls, see NES 107;
(3)
Galley and associated compartments, see NES 121;
(4)
Laundries and laundry equipment, see NES 123;
(5)
(6)
Other compartments fitted with washbasins, see NES 120, including

cabins, see NES 107, and selected workshops, see NES 101;
3.2

(NES 728)
(7)
Gas Turbine compressor washing tanks, see NES 309;
(8)
Desalination plant servicing positions, see NES 328;
(9)
Torpedo test and assembly magazine, see NES 1018;
(10) Citadel cleansing stations, see NES 118;

(11) Bridge Window Washer Systems, see NES 112;
(12) NBCD section bases, see NES 119.
b.
Cold FW for washdown purposes is required in Surface Ships as follows:

(1)
Bathrooms, WC and urinals, see NES 120;
(2)
Galley, see NES 121;
(3)
Laundries, see NES 123.
3.3.3
Hot Water System, Services Supplied
3.3.3.1
Surface Ships
a.
3.3.4
Compartments and services to be provided with hot fresh water in Surface

Ships include:
(1)
Bathrooms, WC and Urinals, see NES 120;
(2)
(3)
Laundries, see NES 123;
(4)
(5)

cabins, see NES 107 and selected workshops, see NES 101.
Provision of Washbasins and Showers

a.
For scale of allowance of washbasins, showers and baths, see NES 120.
3.4
System Arrangement
3.4.1
Cold Fresh Water
3.4.1.1
Surface Ships
a.
The suction pipework is to include the necessary isolating valves, nonreturn

valves and a 1.5 mm diameter aperture size pump suction duplex strainer to
conform to NES 748.
b.
The essential services include:
c.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Drinking Water Coolers;
(4)
Bridge Window Washer Systems see NES 112;
(5)
Bathrooms used as cleansing stations, see NES 120;
(6)
FW cooling to guns.
Flexible assemblies fitted in the system are to conform to the requirements of

NES 797.
3.3

(NES 728)
3.4.2
Emergency Fresh Water Supply to Sonar Cooling System

a.
On some Surface Ships an emergency FW supply is required for the Sonar

Cooling System. Hose connections with lockable valves and portable hoses to
connect between the Domestic Cold Water System and a similar connection on
the Sonar Cooling System is to be provided for the supply and similar
connections for the return between the Sonar System and the Filling/Transfer
Main. These connections are in accordance with the requirements of NES 102.
3.5
3.5.1
General
a.
In Surface Ships and Submarines the desalination plants are to conform to the
3.6
3.6.1
Storage Tank Arrangements
3.6.1.1
Surface Ships
a.
FW tanks are to be designed to the requirements of NES 1032 Parts 1 to 4.
b.
Welding is to conform to NES 706.
3.7
Pump Selection
3.7.1
General
a.
The information in Clauses 1.7.2 to 1.7.6 applies to pumps for Surface Ships
only.
b.
Pumps are to conform to NES 327.
c.
Generally, electric motor driven selfpriming centrifugal pumps are to be fitted

for the distribution of FW throughout the ship.
d.
For number of pumps to be fitted, see Clause 1.11.2m.
e.
For operation of pumps in NBCD State 1, see BR 2170.
3.8
3.8.1
Accumulators
a.
DPA approved accumulators are to be used.
3.8.2
Pipework
3.8.2.1
Non-Ferrous Piping
a.
Lengths of nonferrous piping are to be connected together by one of the

following methods:
(1)
Pipe size 54 mm and below:

(a)
Capillary fittings to BR 3013(2), Part 2;
(b)
Screwed unions for pipe sizes up to 35 mm;
3.4

(NES 728)
(c)
3.8.2.2
3.8.4
Terminal connections to equipment likely to be broken and

remade (a capillary fitting coupling / connector is
recommended in this case);
(ii)
Compartments where equipment would be damaged if

subjected to accidental flooding or spraying, such as
magazines, electrical equipment rooms and compartments
which are not normally manned at sea.
(2)
Pipe sizes above 54 mm are to be fitted with flanges to BR 3013(2), Part 2;
(3)
For Submarines, Pipe Fabrication Charts are to be prepared by the

Shipbuilder and agreed with DPA.
Lengths of steel piping are to be connected together by one of the following

methods:
(1)
Pipe sizes below 48 mm are to be fitted with screwed sleeves. Long screws,
bends and springs are to conform to BS 1387, to allow for parallel
screwing;
(2)
Pipe sizes 48 mm and above are to be fitted with welded ring flanges to
BR 3013(2), Part 2. Flanges are to be welded prior to galvanizing. Where
space precludes the fitting of flanges, pipes may be connected by double
welded sleeves.
Jointing
a.
3.8.3
(i)
Steel Piping
a.
3.8.2.3
Compression fittings to BS 864, Type A for pipe sizes up to 22 mm.

Fittings are to be of the nonmanipulative type only. They are not to
be used in the following applications:
Rubberized cork jointing rings are to be ordered from the manufacturer as

precut gaskets to the dimensions given in BR 3013(2), Part 2. Gaskets are not
to be coated with jointing paste.
Valves
a.
Valves are to be selected from the standard range given in NES 360.
b.
Pushcocks for the supply to cabin, bathroom, workshop and office washbasins,
mess deck drawoff, etc, are to be of the nonconcussive type.
c.
In Submarines all line valves are to be of the ball type.
Strainers
a.
Strainers are to be as specified in the STR.
3.9
Manufacturing Practices
3.9.1
General
a.
3.9.2
Meticulous attention to the standard of workmanship, finish, cleanliness and

inspection throughout construction is necessary.
Welding
a.
The requirements of the documents listed in Table 3.1 are to be followed to

cover specialized application of welding. The requirements of these documents
are mandatory.
3.5

(NES 728)
Document
Requirements Covered
NES 706
Welding and fabrication of ships' structures
NES 729 Parts 1 to 5
Nondestructive examination procedures
*NES 743 Part 4

(DG Ships/PS/9023)
Welding
NES 745 Parts 1 and 2
Classification, inspection requirements and acceptance

standards for steel and copperbased alloy castings
NES 769
Welding consumables for structural steel
NES 771
Repair welding of copperbased alloy castings
NES 773
(DG Ships/G/10000B)
Minimum acceptance standards for welded joints
* This NES is not yet available; pending publication the specification referred to in
parentheses is to be used in lieu.
Table 3.1 Welding Requirements

3.9.3
Brazing
a.
3.9.4
3.9.5
3.9.6
Brazing is to conform to the requirements of NES 743 Part 5.
Pipe Manipulation
a.
The procedures and acceptance standard for bending of metallic pipes are to
conform to the requirements of NES 743, Part 1.
b.
Bends in pipes are to be the largest practical radius and at least 3D to the centre
line of the pipe. In cases of extreme limitations preformed elbows of 2D radius
or cast gunmetal bends as specified in BR 3013(2) will be permitted. On
Submarines the minimum radius may be reduced to 2D, 1D bends may be used
in certain circumstances and the specific approval of DPA is to be sought where
their use is intended.
Castings
a.
Castings are to conform to the requirements of NES 745 Parts 1 and 2.
b.
Any check valves used in association with valves on the ship's hull are to be to
the same classification requirements that apply to the hull valves.
Exceptionally on Submarines where the hull valve has a nonreturn facility this
classification will not apply to check valves. To differentiate between hull
valves and other valves of identical design, the valves for use on the hull are to
be marked HULL ONLY in a low stress area.

a.
Design requirements for FW tanks are given in Clause 1.6.2.1a.
b.
Butt welds in tank boundary plating which forms part of the ship's side or is
adjacent to other tanks which contain, or may contain, fuel oil or SW are to be
full penetration welds and are to be subjected to 100% radiographic
examination. Fillet welds at such tank boundaries are to be 100% inspected by
magnetic crack detection.
c.
Welds in tank boundaries not included in Clause 3.9.6b are to be radiographed

to the same extent as the hull structure.
3.6

(NES 728)
3.10
Cleaning and Preservation
3.10.1
General
3.10.2
3.10.3
a.
Requirements for cleaning and preservation are to conform to NES 341 and
NES 763.
b.
Red and white lead is not to be used in FW systems.

a.
Internal surfaces of steel FW tanks are to be treated in accordance with the

b.
On completion of the coating of the inside of the tanks, they are to be sealed and
not reentered until the requirements of Clause 3.11.3a are undertaken.
Tubes and Pipes

a.
Copper tubes and pipes are to be cleaned and preserved after bending, brazing
or welding on flanges and couplings, flange facing and drilling in compliance
with the requirements of NES 341.
3.11
Installation and Testing
3.11.1
Piping Installation
3.11.2
3.11.3
a.
Piping is to be arranged to allow for the full thickness of the thermal insulation
as required by NES 703.
b.
All piping is to be readily accessible throughout its length and arranged not to
violate equipment removal routes, see NES 302.
c.
Deck and bulkhead pieces, conforming to BR 3013(2), are to be fitted where

pipes pass through watertight structures.
d.
The design of the pipe supports is to be in accordance with BR 3021.
Fresh Water Tank Calibration

a.
The FW tanks are to be calibrated in tonne either by filling with a known

quantity of water or by calculation. The required method will be stated in the
STR.
b.
The results are to be tabulated and the capacity curves, showing the capacity in
tonne against depth, forwarded to DPA.
Inspection and Flushing

a.
3.11.4
The final cleaning of the FW storage tanks is to be carried out by men of clean
habits wearing clean overalls and rubber shoes. The inspection of the systems
and tank coatings is to be carried out by the Shipbuilder and DPA prior to the
initial filling and flushing of the system. When the system is pronounced clean
of all swarf, etc, the tanks, filling system, circulating system and distiling
system are to be filled with superchlorinated FW, as per BR 820. Thereafter, the
systems are to be completely drained and then refilled with clean fresh water,
there being sufficient chlorine remaining in the system to make this final filling
an acceptable potable water.
Pressure Tests
a.
The MOD Project Representative is to be informed when pressure tests will be

carried out during manufacture so that he may be present if he wishes.
3.7

(NES 728)
Similarly, the MOD Projective representative is to be notified when all pressure
tests are carried out on board.
b.
3.11.4.1
Fresh Water Tanks

a.
3.11.5
Tanks are to be tested as follows:

(1)
In Surface Ships to the pressure given in NES 155;
(2)
In Submarines the tanks are to be tested in accordance with the

requirements of the STR.
Insulation
a.
3.11.6
Test pressures are to be maintained for periods decided by the Inspecting

Authority as adequate to permit a thorough and complete inspection of all parts
for leaks. Test pressures are to be maintained for at least 30 minutes.
Thermal insulation, conforming to NES 703 is to be applied to cold fresh water

piping where it passes through store rooms and accommodation spaces, over
electrical equipment and in any other location where condensation is
unacceptable. Hot FW piping is to be insulated with the exception of that stated
in Clause 1.12.6b .
Colours and Marking

a.
FW piping systems are to be identified with identification tapes conforming to

NES 853 Part 1 for Surface Ships and NES 853 Part 2 for Submarines.
3.8

(NES 728)
4.
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS/GUIDANCE
Related Documents: NES 101; NES 106; NES 107; NES 112; NES 118; NES 119;
NES 120; NES 121; NES 123; NES 309; NES 328; NES 1018 Part 1; see also Annex A.
4.1
4.1.1
Cold Water System, Services Supplied
4.1.1.1
Surface Ships
a.
Compartments and services in Surface Ships to be supplied with cold fresh

water will include:
(1)
(2)
Dining Halls, see NES 107;
(3)
Drinking water coolers;
(4)
Galley and associated compartments, see NES 121;
(5)
Laundries and laundry equipment, see NES 123;
(6)
(7)

cabins, see NES 107, and selected workshops, see NES 101;
(8)
Gas turbine compressor washing tanks, see NES 309;
(9)
Selfcleaning centrifuge header tanks;
(10) Desalination plant servicing positions, see NES 328;

(11) Filter Cleaning Station;
(12) Battery Charging Room;
(13) Engineer's Test Room;
(14) Photographic Room;
(15) Torpedo test and assembly magazine, see NES 1018;
(16) Hangars and flightdeck aircraft service positions;
(17) Citadel cleansing stations, see NES 118;
(18) Gun mountings;
(19) Bridge Window Washer Systems, see NES 112;
(20) NBCD section bases, see NES 119;
(21) Supply to hot water system.
4.1

(NES 728)
b.
c.
Cold FW for washdown purposes is required in Surface Ships as follows:

(1)
(2)
Galley, see NES 121;
(3)
Laundries, see NES 123.
The following are possible users of cold FW in Surface Ships on an intermittent

basis:
(1)
Emergency FW supply to sonar cooling system;
(2)
Spraying for NBC cleansing of missile launcher hoists;
(3)
Spraying for NBC cleansing of missile magazines;
(4)
Cleansing stations, where not used as bathrooms;
(5)
Boiler external washing;
(6)
Boiler acid cleaning;
(7)
Gas turbine intake filter washing;
(8)
Toppingup diesel engine FW cooling systems;
(9)
Filling and toppingup air conditioning chilled water system;
(10) Filling and toppingup of magazine spraying systems controlled by

quartzoid bulbs;
(11) Jackson Boiler;
(12) NAAFI Vending Machines;
(13) Motor Boat filling (upper deck).
4.1.1.2
Submarines
a.
For Submarine selected items listed in Clause 4.1.1.1a are applicable (where
appropriate) and main services to be supplied with cold FW will normally
include:
(1)
Jackson Boiler;
(2)
Water heaters;
(3)
Flushing of Shaft Seal;
(4)
Demineralizers;
(5)
Pyrotechnic lockers;
(6)
Sink at Oxygen Generators;
(7)
Escape compartments for filling emergency drinking water storage tanks

see Clause 1.9.1d.
4.2

(NES 728)
4.1.2
Hot Water System, Services Supplied
4.1.2.1
Surface Ships
a.
4.1.2.2
(1)
(2)
(3)
Laundries, see NES 123;
(4)
(5)

cabins, see NES 107 and selected workshops, see NES 101.
Submarines
a.
4.1.3
Compartments and services to be provided with hot FW in Surface Ships

include:
In addition to those items listed in Clause 4.1.2.1a which are applicable to

Submarines, main services to be provided with hot FW include:
(1)
Sinks, wash-basins and showers;
(2)
Bibcocks;
(3)
Electrostatic Precipitators.
Provision of Washbasins and Showers

a.
For scale of allowance of washbasins, showers and baths, see NES 120.
4.2
4.2.1
Storage Tank Arrangement
4.2.1.1
Submarines
a.
4.2.2
Three FW storage tanks are usually fitted in Submarines. Two of the tanks
being for domestic FW, the other being dedicated to the weapons stowage
compartment spray system.
Sounding Tubes
a.
Sounding tubes are not fitted in Submarines where reliance is placed on

electrical instrumentation.
4.3

(NES 728)
4.4

(NES 728)
5.
CORPORATE EXPERIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE

This NES contains no Corporate Experience and Knowledge information.
5.1

(NES 728)
5.2

(NES 728)
ANNEX A.
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A.1. The following documents and publications are referred to in this NES:
BS 381C
Specification for Colours for Identification, Coding and Special

Purposes
BS 864
Capillary and Compression Tube Fittings of Copper and Copper

Alloy:
Part 2: Specification for Capillary and Compressed Fitting for
Copper Tubes
BS 1387
Specification for Screwed and Socketed Steel Tubes and Tubular and
for Plain End Steel Tubes Suitable for Welding or for Screwing to
BS 21 Pipe Threads
BS 1706
Method for Specification for Alloy Steel Plates
BS 3382
Specification for Electroplated Coatings on Threaded Components:

Part 2: Cadmium on Steel Components. Zinc on Steel Components
BS 3602
Specification for Steel Pipes and Tubes for Pressure Purposes:

Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steel with Specified Elevated
Temperature Properties:
Part 1: Specification for Seamless and Electric Resistance Welding
Including Induction Welded Tubes
BS 3692
Specification for ISO Metric Hexagon Bolts, Screws and Nuts. Metric
Units
BS EN 1461
Hot Dip Galvanized Coatings on Iron and Steel Articles.

Specification and Test Methods
BS EN 10028
Specification for Flat Products Made of Steel for Pressure Purposes:

Part 1: General Purposes
Part 2: Nonalloy and Alloy Steels with Specified Elevated
Temperature Properties
Part 4: Nickel Alloy Steels with Specified Low Temperature
Properties
JSP 430
Ship Safety Management System Handbook:

Volume 1 Policy and Guidance on MOD Ship and Equipment Safety
Management
DG Ships 9023
General Welding Specification for Machinery Purposes
DG Ships
G/10000B
Minimum Acceptance Standards for Welds in HM Surface Ships and

Submarines
NES 101
Requirements for Design and Fitting Out of Workshops Maintenance

Spaces and Engineering Stores for HM Surface Ships:
Part 1: Common Requirements
Part 2: Specific Requirements
NES 102
Requirements for Air Conditioning and Ventilation Design

Part 1: HM Surface Ships
Part 2: Submarines
A.1
ANNEX A

(NES 728)
NES 106
Requirements for Medical and Dental Organizations in

HM Surface Ships:
Part 1: Common Requirements - Medical and Dental Facilities
Part 2: Specific Requirements - Medical and Dental Facilities
Part 3: Specific Requirements - Medical Organization for Action
on HM Surface Ships
Part 4: Medical and Dental Facilities in Submarines
NES 107
Requirements for Accommodation - HM Surface Ships
NES 112
Requirements for Windows and Wipers for HM Surface Ships
NES 118
Material Requirements for the NBCD of HM Surface Ships including

RFA (Restricted)
NES 119
The Requirements for Fire Protection and Damage Control for

HM Surface Ships (Restricted Commercial))
NES 120
Requirements for WC, Urinals, Bathrooms and Washing Facilities in

HM Surface Ships
NES 121
Requirements for Galleys and Associated Spaces in

HM Surface Ships
NES 123
Requirements for Laundries and Associated Compartments:

Part 1: Laundries and Associated Compartments
Part 2: Laundry Machinery, Equipment and Fittings
NES 155
Requirements for Structural Practices in Steel Surface Ships

Part 1: General Requirements
NES 302
Requirements for Maintenance Envelopes and Removal Routes
NES 309
Requirements for Gas Turbines (Restricted)
NES 311
Guidance and Procedures for the Calculation of Pressure Losses in

Fluid Piping Systems
NES 327
Pumps and Eductors
NES 328
Desalination Plants (Obsolecent)
NES 329
Heat Exchangers (Restricted)
NES 341
Requirements for Cleaning of Items, Components and Equipment

for Fluid Systems
NES 360
List of Preferred Standard Valves - Metric
NES 703
Thermal and Acoustic Insulation of Hull and Machinery
NES 706
Welding and Fabrication of HM Surface Ships' Structure
NES 707
Symbols and Abbreviations
NES 710
Fluid Systems, General Requirements (Obsolecent)

*NES 797: Pipework Engineering
Part 1:
General Requirements for Fluid Systems
NES 722
Requirements for the Preparation, Identification and Management

of Drawings
ANNEX A
A.2

(NES 728)
NES 729
Requirements for NonDestructive Examination Methods:

Part 1: Radiographic
Part 2: Magnetic Partical
Part 3: Eddy Current
Part 4: Liquid Penetrant
Part 5: Ultrasonic
NES 743
Pipe Manipulation:
Part 1:
Bending Pipes
Part 3:
Swaging
**Part 4: Welding
(DG Ships/PS/9023)
Part 5:
Brazing
NES 745
Classification, Inspection Requirements and Acceptance Standards

for Castings:
Part 1: Copper and Nickel Alloy Castings
Part 2: Steel Castings
NES 748
Strainers, Preferred Range
NES 763
Requirements for Preservation and Painting of Compartments in

HM Surface Ships (Restricted Commercial)
NES 769
Approval Systems for Welding Consumables for Structural Steels
NES 771
Requirements, Procedure and Inspection for Weld Repair of Copper

Alloy and Nickel Alloy Castings
NES 791
Requirements for Weldable Structural Steels:

Part 1: Mild Steel Plate Sections and Bars
Part 2: Notch Tough Mild Steel Plate
Part 3: B Quality Steel Plates and Sections
Part 4: BX Quality Steel Plates
NES 797
Pipework Engineering:
Part 1: General Requirements for Fluid Systems - (see NES 710)
Part 4: Screwed Fittings
NES 830
Requirements for Gunmetal Ingots and Castings:

Part 1: Gunmetal Ingots and Class III Gunmetal Castings
NES 833
Requirements for Nickel Aluminium Bronze:

Part 2: Forgings, Forging Stock, Rods and Sections
NES 837
Requirements for Copper Tubes
NES 853
Requirements for the Identification, Colours and Markings for

Systems Coding:
Part 1: HM Surface Ships (Supersedes MOD Form S1188)
Part 2: Submarines (Supersedes MOD Form S1471)
NES 1018
Requirements for Weapons Systems Support Services in

HM Surface Ships and RFA (Restricted)
NES 1032
Requirements for Aviation Arrangements in HM Surface Ships

(Restricted)
BR 820
Provision of Safe Potable Water for Ships and Establishments
A.3
ANNEX A

(NES 728)
BR 2170
Ship's NBCD Manual
BR 3013(2)
Admiralty Pipework Standards (Metric)
BR 3021
Shock Manual (Metric)
Note:
* In course of preparation. When published will supercede stated document.

** This NES is not yet available; pending publication the Specification referred to in
parentheses is to be used in lieu.
A.2. The following drawings are referred to in this NES:

SDN 003 503 642
Sounding Tube, Flush Deck and Raised Fittings
SDN 003 503 703
Sounding Tube, Raised, General Arrangement
SDN 003 504 117
Fresh Water Tanks - Addition of Lime
SDN 000 819

097/1-2
Fresh Water Filling Breaching Piece
SDN 000 819

098/1-3
Fresh Water RAS Deck Connections and Adaptors
ANNEX A
A.4

(NES 728)
ANNEX B.
ABBREVIATIONS, DEFINITIONS AND FORMULAE
B.1. For the purpose of this NES the following abbreviations apply:
AV&B
Auxiliary Vent and Blow System
CFS
Chief of Fleet Support
CV(F)
Carrier Vessel (Future)
CVS
Carrier Vertical Strike
DLO
Defence Logistics Organisation
DPA
FW
Fresh Water
FWC
Fresh Water Cold
FWH
Fresh Water Hot
HP
High Pressure
LP
Low Pressure
MOD
Ministry of Defence
NBCD
Nuclear Biological Chemical Defence
NES
Naval Engineering Standard
NPSH
Net Positive Suction Head
OD
outside diameter
ppm
parts per million
RAS
Replenishment at Sea
SCC
Ship Control Centre
SCOSER
Standing Committee on Submarine Escape and Reserve
SDN
Service Drawing Number
STR
Statement of Technical Requirements
SW
Sea Water
WC
Water Closet
WSC
Weapons Storage Compartment
B.2. For the purpose of this NES the following definitions apply:
Accumulator
A vessel designed to absorb, without sufficient change in the system

pressure to cause the relief valve to lift, the change in volume when
the hot water system temperature rises during a lull in usage after a
period of heavy demand.
Aerator
A device fitted on the inlet pipe in fresh water storage tanks to cause
the water to form droplets and thereby pick up air.
Air Release Valve
A valve designed to automatically pass to atmosphere the air

accumulated in a collecting vessel sited in a low pressure, high
temperature region.
Angle Valve
A valve having a body in which the body ends are at right angles to
each other and in which the axis of the stem is in line with one body
end.
B.1
ANNEX B

(NES 728)
Ball Valve
A form of shutoff device having a ball which can be turned to move

its port or ports relative to the body section ports to control or direct
the flow of fluid.
Bibcock
A drawoff cock with a disc screwed down against water pressure on

to a horizontal seat fitted between a horizontal inlet and free outlet.
Calorifier
A pressure vessel for heating and storing water for domestic use.
Calorifiers may be supplied with energy by electricity, steam or waste
heat.
Check Valve
(Nonreturn
Valve)
A valve which prevents reversal of flow by means of the check

mechanism, the valve being opened by the flow of the fluid and
closed by the weight of the check mechanism when the flow ceases,
or by back pressure.
Cock (Stopcock)
A form of shutoff device comprising a body having a parallel or

taper seat into which is fitted a plug which can be turned to move its
ports or ports relative to the body ports to control the flow of fluid.
Frost Plug
A plug fitted to fresh water pipes in exposed positions to permit

draining of the pipe when the vessel is in arctic or subarctic
conditions.
Globe Valve
A valve having a spherical body in which the body ends are in line
with each other and in which the axis of the stem is at right angles
to that of the body ends.
Head
The pressure of a fluid or the components of that pressure may be

expressed as the equivalent fluid head, defined as the height of a
column of fluid that would exert the fluid pressure at its base.
Head Losses
The losses in head as a result of fluid flow and changes in fluid

height:
(1) Friction losses;
(2) Dynamic losses;
(3) Loss due to changes in head above datum.
Leakoff for
Pumps
The passage of the minimum flow of water from a pump discharge to

the storage tank, usually controlled by an orifice, to prevent
overheating of the pump at times of no system flow.
Maintenance
Envelope
The minimum space required around an equipment for operation,

maintenance and removal activities.
Nett Positive
Suction Head
The head of fluid the pump requires above the vapour pressure to
provide the energy necessary to force the fluid into the impeller
vanes so that there is no significant loss in pumping efficiency due to
cavitation.
Nett Positive
Suction Head
Available
The absolute static head of fluid available at the pump inlet minus
the vapour pressure. In practice the system designer will inform the
pump manufacturer of the NPSH available at the pump suction
flange; the pump suction flange is taken as the pump inlet.
Pipe Size
The pipe outside diameter as stated in BR 3013(2), Part 2.
Pump Runout
Pump runout occurs with the hot water circulating pump when the
system demand exceeds the maximum pump supply. The pump
motor must be sized to accept this duty.
ANNEX B
B.2

(NES 728)
Pump Stall
Pump stall occurs when the system resistance increases to such an

extent that the normal flow pattern in the pump is destroyed. With a
stalled pump the discharge flow rate is sufficiently low that in some
displacement pumps the effect would be to stop the pump or cause
the motor to burn out. In centrifugal pumps there is sufficient slip to
allow it to work at low flow rates without damage.
Push Cock,
Nonconcussive
A bibcock type of valve arranged so that it is opened by pushing

against a spring and incorporating a device to eliminate the
production of water hammer on closure.
Stopcock
See cock.
Strainer
A device used to remove solid contaminates from a fluid by means of

a perforated element in which the individual apertures, usually of a
simple geometric form, permit the passage of a fluid in straight lines.
Strum
A coarse strainer fitted to a suction pipe inlet to prevent the ingress

of solid contaminates. Strums are fitted in fresh water storage tanks.
Thermosyphon
The natural circulation of water round a closed system caused by the

temperature in one vertical leg being greater than that in the other
vertical leg.
B.3.
For the purpose of this NES the following Formulae apply:

a.
Fluid Head (H)

where
Head (m)
Pressure (N/m2) (1 bar = 105 N/m 2)
gn
Gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s2)
Density (kg/m3)
2
NPSH H s V H vap
2g n
b. NPSH Required
where
FluidPressure(P)
inSIunits
dg n
Hs
absolute static head at suction (m)
velocity of fluid in pump impeller eye (m/s)
Hvap =
vapour pressure of fluid expressed as a head (m)
gn
gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s2)
B.3
ANNEX B

(NES 728)
c.
V2
NPSH Required at Pump NSPH sf H sf sf Hvap
2g n
Suction Flange (quoted
by the system designer)
where
ANNEX B
Hsf
absolute static head at the pump suction flange (m)
Vsf
velocity of fluid at the pump suction flange (m/s)
Hvap =
vapour pressure of fluid expressed as a head (m)
gn
gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s2)
B.4

(NES 728)
ANNEX C.
PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST
Notes:
C.1 This Check List is to ensure that certain aspects of this Naval Engineering Standard are
consulted when preparing a procurement specification for a particular application.
C.2 Clauses where a preference for an option is to be used or where specific data is to be added
are included in the Check List.
C 3 Each item is to be marked either:
C.3
= included
NA = not applicable
CHECK
CHECK
CLAUSE No or NA
No
1
NES 728 is invoked in the Contract Documents
Foreword
Any necessary related documents or drawings not

included in NES are listed
Annex A.
Drawings conform to NES 722
Type and quantity of system diagrammatic arrangement

and ship arrangement drawings to be supplied by
Shipbuilder are specified
3.1.1b and
1.1.1a to
1.1.2b
Type and quantity of equipment drawings to be supplied

by manufacturers are specified
3.1.1c and
1.1.3a to
1.1.3b
Symbols conform to NES 707
Definitions included in NES 728 are listed
Gunmetal is not used for any submarine application,

without DPA approval
Materials are specified for:

pipe clips
fresh water tanks and fittings
pumps
calorifiers
accumulators
valves
screwed fasteners
jointing
insulation
3.1.1a
1.1.1a
Annex B.
1.2.1b
1.2.1b
1.2.2a to
1.2.2c
3.2.3a
3.2.4a
1.2.3a
1.2.6a and
1.2.6b
3.2.8a
3.2.9a
3.2.10a
10
System piping is of copper with gunmetal fittings
1.2.4a
11
Exposed piping in way of bathrooms, galleys and cabins, is

chromium plated
1.2.4a
12
Suction pipes within tanks, sounding tubes and air

escapes are of galvanized steel
1.2.5a
System Requirements
13
Fresh water systems are designed to provide and maintain

required purity
C.1
1.3.1a
ANNEX C

(NES 728)
CHECK
No
CHECK
CLAUSE No
14
System design provides maximum insurance against

action damage
1.3.1a
15
Design meets daily consumption rate
1.3.1b
16
Design requirements of system conform to NES 710 and

NES 797
1.3.1c
17
Pressure required at highest and most remote point of

systems in HM Surface Ships is specified
1.3.1d
18
All compartments and services to be supplied with cold

fresh water are specified
4.1.1.1a to
4.1.1.2a
19
All compartments and services to be supplied with hot

fresh water are specified
4.1.2.1a to
4.1.2.2a
20
Scale of wash-basins and showers conform to NES 120
21
Battery topup requirements for Submarines are specified
4.1.3a
1.3.3a to
1.3.3
System Arrangement, HM Surface Ships

22
The number and size of fresh water storage tanks

required is specified
23
The pumps and system are arranged to enable the pumps

to deliver water to the fresh water main and to transfer
water within the ship
1.4.1.1e
24
Provision is made to prevent pumps overheating during

periods of no discharge
1.4.1.1f
25
Each cold water pump can draw from any tank in the
group associated with that pump
1.4.1.1g
26
The cold water pump suction pipework includes isolating

valves, a nonreturn valve and a 1.5 mm aperture size
duplex strainer
1.4.1.1h
27
The discharge pipework from the cold water pump

includes an isolating valve and a nonreturn valve
1.4.1.1i
28
The number of pressure indicators required are specified
1.4.1.1j
29
The system is fitted with a local and remote reading

pressure indicator for surveillance
1.4.1.1k
30
Hose connections are fitted on the suction and delivery

sides of the cold fresh water pumps for use with a portable
pump
1.4.1.1l
31
Filling and transfer lines are provided and arranged so

that distilling plants can supply feed and ships' tanks
independently
1.4.1.1m
32
Arrangements are made to supply essential services when

those to remaining services have been isolated in
emergency conditions
1.4.1.1o
33
Strainers are provided before special items of equipment
1.4.1.1p
34
Isolating valves are fitted in approved positions
ANNEX C
C.2
1.4.1.1b and
1.6.2.1a
1.4.1.1q and
1.4.1.1r
or NA

(NES 728)
CHECK
No
CHECK
CLAUSE No
35
Fresh water leads can be readily drained and emptied.

Sections exposed to atmospheric temperatures can be
isolated and drained
1.4.1.1s
36
`FROST' plugs are fitted in places where water may

collect after the system has been drained
1.4.1.1t
37
Precautions against waterhammer are provided. Air

chambers are fitted at the top of each riser and at the end
of horizontal lines
1.4.1.1u
38
Air vents are fitted at the highest point of piping systems,

and vent pipes led to convenient drainage systems
1.4.1.1v and
1.11.15d
39
Emergency leads from the fresh water main are led to the
vicinity of cabinets normally cooled by tepid water
1.4.1.1x
40
There is no crossconnection between the fresh and salt

water systems
1.4.1.1y
41
The system pressure exceeds 0.35 bar at the highest point

and is adequate at all special users during normal
operation:
a. When a boost pump is in use or,
b. Without a boost pump
1.4.1.1z
42
The boost system is provided with:

a. a control orifice return to the fresh water main
b. isolating valves, nonreturn valve and suction strainer
c. suction and discharge pressure indicators
1.4.1.1aa
43
The hot water systems are arranged as ring mains with

thermosyphon or pumped circulation and short branches.
The systems are pressurized from the cold fresh water
supply
1.4.2.1i
44
Calorifiers are supplied from the cold fresh water main

and fitted with isolating valve and nonreturn valve
1.4.2.1e
45
The calorifier storage capacity is adequate to ensure that

at times of peak demand the temperature of the outlets of
the hot water system does not drop below 60C
1.4.2.1k
46
Local water heaters are provided where required in

preference to a boost system
1.4.2.1m
or NA
System Arrangement, Submarines

47
Fresh water storage tanks are pressurized either from the

Auxiliary Vent and Blow System or a continuous running
pump system is used
48
The number and size of tanks required are specified
1.4.1.2b and
1.6.2.2a
49
The system operating pressure required is specified
1.4.1.2e
50
An inboard hose connection is provided for filling from an

outboard source with a conveniently positioned filling
control station
1.4.1.2g
C.3
1.4.1.2a
ANNEX C

(NES 728)
CHECK
No
CHECK
CLAUSE No
51
Feed water may be used to augment the fresh water
1.4.1.2h
52
One storage tank can supply water to the main while the
other is being filled from the fresh water filling line
1.4.1.2i
53
Weapon spray tank is provided and can be maintained full

and to be capable of being pressurized to the system
operating pressure as specified in the appropriate
Contract Document
1.4.1.2j
54
Facilities are provided for connecting both a shore FW/SW

supply and a SW backup from the HP bilge system or
suitable alternative system to the spray system
1.4.1.2l
55
Piping within the containment boundary is suitable for

resisting the containment pressure or be provided with
easily accessible isolation valves at and outside, but as
close as is practical to the containment boundary
1.4.1.2m
56
Isolating valves, tested to the appropriate pressure, are

fitted on both sides of escape bulkheads and on the
outside of containment boundary penetrations
1.4.1.2n
57
The hot water system consists of a calorifier, pressurized

from the cold water system and a natural circulation ring
main
58
The calorifier heating capacity is adequate to supply

sufficient hot water at a temperature of 71C
1.4.2.2a to
1.4.2.2f
4.1.2.2a
59
The capacity of the desalination plant to be in accordance

with NES 328
1.5.1a
60
Additional allowances required for gas turbine washing,

for aircraft washing and for feed water purposes
1.5.2a
61
Additional allowance required for feed makeup purposes

in Submarines
1.5.2a

62
The quantity of fresh water to be stored on board
63
The filling system is to be capable of accepting RAS and

Shore supply
64
Filling positions required are specified:

a.
HM Surface Ships
b.
Submarines
65
Filling funnels are fitted above crown of each storage tank
1.6.1a
1.6.3.1b
1.6.3.1c to g
1.6.3.2b
1.6.3.1h

66
Tanks to conform to NES 110
67
Nonferrous fittings not used in tanks
68
Adequate access to tank is provided
ANNEX C
3.6.1.1a
1.2.2c
1.6.2.1g and
1.6.2.1h
C.4
or NA

(NES 728)
CHECK
No
CHECK
CLAUSE No
69
No piping or gearing passes through tank except where

required for operation of the fresh water system
1.6.2.1i
70
An aerating rose is fitted on the filling line within each

tank
1.6.3.1i
71
Tanks are fitted with air escape pipes arranged to

terminate above the RED RISK zone
72
Each tank is fitted with a continuous distant reading type

contents gauge
1.6.3.1j
73
Fittings are provided to facilitate sterilization of the fresh

water in each tank
1.6.4a and
1.6.4b
74
Sounding tubes are provided in each tank
75
The requirements for radiographic examination of welds

of tank plating are specified
76
Internal preservation of tanks conforms to NES 763
78
Calibration requirements for tanks are specified
1.12.3a to
1.12.3c
79
Pressure testing requirements for tanks are specified
1.12.4.2a
or NA
1.6.6a and
1.6.6e
1.6.5a to
1.6.5d
3.9.6b and
3.9.6c
3.10.2a
Pumps
80
Pumps conform to NES 327
1.7.1b
81
Cold water pumps are of selfpriming type
1.7.1c
82
Adequate protection is provided to safeguard pumps
83
The pump leakoff orifice is sized correctly
1.7.6c
84
The hot water circulating pump motor is not overloaded

when the pump runs-out on its characteristic
1.7.6d
1.7.3b and
1.7.6a
Calorifiers
85
Hot water storage capacity requirements are correctly

determined
1.4.2.1k to
1.4.2.2c
86
Calorifiers conform to NES 329
1.8.3a
87
Individual electric water heaters required for medical and

other compartments are specified
1.8.3b
88
Requirements for steam/water mixtures are specified
1.8.3d
89
Hot water tank requirements for Submarines are specified
1.8.4a
90
Local calorifier requirements for Submarines
1.8.4
Drinking Water
91
Number, capacity and location of drinking water tanks are

specified
92
Drinking water coolers
93
Number and location of drinking water coolers required

are specified
1.9.1a to
1.9.1d
1.4.1.1o (3)
C.5
1.9.2b
ANNEX C

(NES 728)
CHECK
No
CHECK
CLAUSE No
94
Cooled fresh water requirements are specified
95
Equipment for the supply of cooled fresh water
1.9.3a and
1.9.3b
1.9.2a
96
Size of accumulator required is specified
1.11.14c to
1.11.14f
97
Accumulators are selected from standard range
98
Submarine tank air pressure charging equipment reduced

air pressure requirements are specified
1.10.2b to
1.10.2c
99
Piping and fittings, connections/flanges, screwed fasteners

and jointing are selected from the standard range given in
BR 3013(2), Part 2
3.8.2.1a ,
3.8.2.3a
100
Valves are selected from the standard range given in NES

360
3.8.3a
101
Push cocks are of the nonconcussion type
3.8.3b
102
Line valves for submarine fresh water systems are of the

ball type
3.8.3c
103
Strainers to be provided
3.8.4a
104
Requirements for air release units are specified
1.10.4a
1.10.1c
System Details
105
The arrangement and sizing of pipework in bathrooms,

conforms to NES 120
1.11.4a
106
The correct design flow for each size of outlet is used in

calculations
1.11.5a
107
The correct diversity factor is applied in calculations
1.11.5c
108
All outlets requiring large quantities of water are

adequately supplied
1.11.5d
109
The number and size of pumps required is specified
1.11.2l
110
Orifice plates are fitted at outlets where the pressure

exceeds 2 bar
1.11.8b
111
The total calorifier heating capacity is capable of heating

0.012 m3/h per man of complement
1.11.10b
112
The accumulators have adequate capacity
1.11.14f
113
Averaging and diversity factors produce a result that is

comparable to the installation on existing ships of the
same size
1.11.3a
114
The branch pressure pipe sizes are adjusted, if required

after calculating the pressure loss in each branch, to
equalize the pressures at outlets to the greatest possible
extent
Annex C
115
Air removal requirements are specified
1.11.15a
116
Requirements for standard of workmanship and finish are

specified
ANNEX C
C.6
3.9.1a
or NA

(NES 728)
CHECK
No
CHECK
CLAUSE No
117
Requirements for manufacturing processes conform to

specifications
3.9.2a to
3.9.5b
118
Requirements for cleaning and preservation conform to

specifications
3.10.1a to
3.10.3a
119
Prohibition on use of red and white lead in systems
or NA
3.10.1b
Installation
120
Requirements for flexibility are specified
1.12.1a
121
Requirements for piping installation are specified
1.12.2a to
1.12.2w
122
Inspection and flushing requirements are specified
3.11.3a
123
Requirements for pressure tests are specified
124
Requirements for trials to demonstrate the correct

functioning of the systems are specified
1.12.5a
125
Thermal insulation conforms to NES 703
1.12.6a
126
Requirements for colours and marking of fresh water

piping systems are specified
1.12.4a to
1.12.4.3a
1.12.7a to
1.12.7d
This Check List may be subjected to revision after other relevant NES have been finalized
C.7
ANNEX C

(NES 728)
ANNEX C
C.8

(NES 728)
ANNEX D.
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
D.1.
D.2.
INTRODUCTION
a.
The sample calculation is based on a typical fresh water system for a

Frigate/Destroyer. The sample calculation is in SI units using metric pipe sizes.
b.
Whilst it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the entire cold and hot water
systems in order to determine the pressures at the various points and the
maximum required pressure from the cold water pumps, for simplicity these
sample calculations have been abbreviated to show only the major steps.
Estimated values are shown for the omitted steps. Such estimated values are
indicated with an asterisk.
c.
Similarly for the calorifiers, hot water circulating pumps and accumulators the
calculations for one set of equipment only are shown.
GENERAL CALCULATIONS
a.
Data Sheet D1/1 is used to calculate and record the capabilities of the main
components associated with the fresh water systems.
b.
Fresh Water Storage

Fresh water storage is based on five days consumption and is currently defined
as being 1.0 m3 per person minimum in Surface Ships, see Clause 1.6.1a.
Provision for FW storage capacities required to support the envisaged
operations of the vessel is needed, not just against the minimum requirements
within this standard.
c.
Filling Rate
The filling rate is to be 100 m3/h in ships of Frigate/Destroyer size and 50 m3/h
in ships below Frigate/Destroyer size, see Clause 1.6.3.1b .
d.
The desalination plant capacity is to include an allowance of 200 litres per day
per person of complement in Surface Ships, see Clause 1.3.1b
Additional desalination plant capacity is to be provided when appropriate for
gas turbine washing, aircraft washdown, ship husbandry and for feed makeup,
see NES 328.
e.
Total Number of Outlets

Information on the number and size of outlets is to be taken off the
diagrammatic arrangement drawings. Outlets which are not in daily use, e.g.
emergency supplies to sonar cooling systems and decontamination stations are
to be ignored. Showers are counted in both the hot and cold water systems.
f.
Total Diversity Factor

The total diversity factor is related to the total number of outlets on the vessel.
It is determined from Figure 1.12., Clause 1.11.
g.
Design Requirements
D.1
ANNEX D

(NES 728)
The size and number of outlets will be as determined at D.2.e
The diversity factor is the total system diversity factor as determined
at D.2.f
The flow per outlet is to be taken as shown in Table 1.7 given in
Clause 1.11.5e . The outlet of 0.27 m3/h for showers is taken 50% from the hot
water system and 50% from the cold water system.
h.
Design Cold Water Pump Capacity

The design cold water pump capacity is to be the total design flow as calculated
at Step D.2.g
i.
Design Water Requirements from Boost Pump

The conditions which govern the necessity for a boost pump are given in Clause
1.11.7a .
The diversity factor to be used in calculating the boost pump capacity is to be
that appropriate to the number of outlets served by the boost pump and is
determined from Figure 1.12.
ANNEX D
D.2

(NES 728)
CALCULATION DATA SHEET D1/1 GENERAL CALCULATIONS

INSTALLATION Typical
1.
COMPLEMENT 460
Fresh Water Storage

Storage required by rules
Storage actually fitted
1.0 m3/person
460 x 1.0 = 460 m3
say 460 m3
Arrangement 2 groups of tanks. (1 forward and 1 aft)

2.
Filling Rate
50 m3/h
Filling arrangements to be designed for

3.
Desalination Requirement
Capacity required by rules (for domestic use)
=
0.2 m3/person/day
92 m3/day
3.83 m3/h
Capacity actually fitted (includes for boilers)

2 4 m3/h
=
4.
5.
Total Number of Outlets

Size of outlet
WB
6 mm
Cold water system
104
16
74
30
227
Hot water system
104
31
30
168
Total number of outlets
208
16
105
60
395
13 mm Shower 19 mm
Total
Total Diversity Factor

Total number of outlets
395
Diversity factor 0.085
D.3
ANNEX D

(NES 728)
6.
Design Requirements (see Clause D.2.e)

Number of
Outlets
Diversity
Factor
Flow per
Outlet (m3/h)
Design Flow
(m3/h)
6 mm
16
0.085
0.07
0.10
WB
208
0.085
0.27
4.77
13 mm
105
0.085
0.57
5.09
Showers
60*
0.085
0.14
0.71
0.085
1.63
0.83
Size of Outlet
19 mm
395
11.50
* The 60 shower outlets are 30 hot outlets and 30 cold outlets

7.
Design Cold Water Pump Capacity Required

=
8.
11.50 m3/h
Design Water Requirements From Boost Pump (if fitted)

Size of Outlet
Number of
Outlets
Diversity
Factor
Flow per
Outlet (m3/h)
BOOST PUMP NOT REQUIRED
9.
Design Boost Pump Capacity Required

=
m3/h
Table D.1 Calculation Data Sheet
ANNEX D
D.4
Design Flow
(m3/h)

(NES 728)
D.3.
Water Flow and Approximate Pipe Bore Calculation (Cold Water System)
Data Sheet D2/1 is used to record the water flow in each pipe section and then to make
a preliminary selection of pipe size. It is a necessary prerequisite to this stage that the
system line diagram described in Clause 1.11.2a is available.
a.
Data Sheet D2/1 records this information for the cold water main when it is
being supplied from the aft pump only. Each section is considered as passing the
quantity of water required by all the downstream outlet. The flow from the cold
water system to each shower is taken as 0.014 m3/h (half the total shower flow).
A diversity factor determined from Figure 1.12 is applied to the flow for the
number of outlets being supplied.
CALCULATION DATA SHEET D2/1 WATER FLOW AND APPROXIMATE PIPE BORE
CALCULATION
System
1.
S
Section
Reference
COLD
Piping
MAIN
Pump in use
4.
Water Flow
l
in Pipe S
Section
3
(m /h)
AFT
2.
Number
b off
Outlets
Downstream
3.
Diversity
Factor
5.
Pipe Size
S
(mm)
Pump to A
395
0.085
Design Flow
From Data Sheet C1/2
(Step 6) 11.5
A to B
390
0.086
16 0.086 0.07
208 0.086 0.27
100 0.086 0.57
60 0.086 0.14
6 0.086 1.63
B to C
389
0.086
As for A to B minus
54
1 0.086 0.27
= 0.023
11.39 - 0.02
= 11.37
C to D
388
0.087
As for B to C minus
54
1 0.087 0.57
= 0.05
11.37 - 0.05
= 11.32
D to E
338
0.087
16 0.087 0.07
179 0.087 0.27
88 0.087 0.57
50 0.087 0.14
5 0.087 1.63
54
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.10 54
4.83
4.90
0.72
0.84
11.39
0.10 54
4.20
4.36
0.61
0.71
9.98
T to U
The above details are to be completed for all sections of main piping
D.5
ANNEX D

(NES 728)
b.
A preliminary pipe bore is selected on the basis of passing the required quantity
of water at a reasonable speed and without excessive pressure loss. Table 1.4
will be of assistance as it shows the maximum flow in each size of pipe. In order
to provide some slack in the system and to permit the passage of enhanced flow
when required it is recommended that water speeds in mains should generally
be restricted to 50% to 70% of the maximum permitted.
c.
The filling and transfer lines, which are used only intermittently and in which
pressure drop is of secondary importance, may be selected to operate at the
highest permissible water speed.
d.
Data Sheet D2/2 records the information on the cold water main when it is being
supplied from the forward pump only. The information recorded is similar to
that on Data Sheet D2/1 for the use of the aft pump.
e.
For some sections the size of pipe initially determined in the calculations on
Data Sheet D2/1 and D2/2 will not be the same. The larger of the two sizes is to
be selected.
CALCULATION
System
1.
S i
Section
Reference
COLD
2.
N b off
Number
Outlets
Downstream
Piping
3.
Di
Diversity
i
Factor
MAIN
Pump in use
4.
W
Water
Fl
Flow
i Pipe
in
Pi Section
S i
3
(m /h)
FORWARD
5.
Pi Si
Pipe
Size
(mm)
Pump to U 395
0.085
Design Flow
From Data Sheet C1/2
(Step 6) 11.5
54
U to T
307
0.087
16 0.087 0.07
208 0.087 0.27
101 0.087 0.57
37 0.087 0.14
6 0.087 1.63
=
=
=
=
=
0.10 54
3.45
5.01
0.45
0.85
9.86
T to S
301
0.088
16 0.088 0.07
144 0.088 0.27
98 0.088 0.57
37 0.088 0.14
6 0.088 1.63
=
=
=
=
=
0.10 54
3.42
4.92
0.46
0.86
9.76
57
0.19
29 0.19 0.27
17 0.19 0.57
10 0.19 0.14
1 0.19 1.63
=
=
=
=
1.49 54
1.84
0.27
0.31
3.91
S to R etc.
E to D
B to A
ANNEX D
D.6

(NES 728)
f.
Data Sheet D2.3 records information on the branches corresponding to that for
the main recorded in calculations on Data Sheets D2/1 and D2/2.
g.
At this stage there should be a check to confirm that the pipe sizes selected for
the main and branches will be capable of giving an adequate supply to any
particularly large users. It should also be remembered that there are special
requirements for the size of pipes supplying groups of showers and
wash-basins.
CALCULATION
System
1.
S
Section
Reference
COLD
Piping
BRANCHES Pump in use

4.
Water Flow
l
in Pipe S
Section
3
(m /h)
AFT or
FORWARD
2.
Number
b off
Outlets
Downstream
3.
Diversity
Factor
5.
Pipe Size
S
(mm)
A to 1
0.84
5 0.84 0.57
= 2.39 28
B to 2
1.0
1 1.0 0.27
= 0.27 12
C to 2.1
1.0
1 1.0 0.57
= 0.57 15
D to 3
50
0.20
28 0.20 0.27
11 0.20 0.57
10 0.2 0.14
1 0.2 1.63
=
=
=
=
3 to 4
18
0.44
12 0.44 0.27
5 0.44 0.14
1 0.44 0.57
= 1.43 28
= 0.31
= 0.25
1.99
4 to 5
17
0.46
11 0.46 0.27
5 0.46 0.27
1 0.46 0.57
= 1.37 28
= 0.62
= 0.26
2.25
5 to 6
12
0.57
11 0.57 0.27
1 0.57 0.57
= 1.69 28
= 0.32
2.01
1.51 35
1.25
0.24
0.33
3.33
6 to 7
7 to 8
D to 7
F to 8
U to 55
The above details are to be completed for all sections of all branches.
D.7
ANNEX D

(NES 728)
D.4.
Physical Data (Cold Water System)

a.
Data Sheet D3/1 is used to record the physical characteristics of the piping
systems. Before it can be prepared it is necessary to have available the piping
diagram on ship deck plans described in Clause 1.11.2f .
b.
Data Sheet D3/1 records the physical data for the cold water main starting at
the aft tank and working forward.
CALCULATION DATA SHEET D3/1 PHYSICAL DATA

System
COLD
Piping
MAIN
Pump in use
AFT
1.
Section
Reference
2.
Length
(m)
3.
Elbows
Tank to Pump
5.0
1
Strainer
1 NRV
Pump to A
2.4
1
Strainer
2 Ball
A to B
1.2
B to C
2.5
C to D
1.0
D to E
7.3
E to F
6.4
F to G
34.5
G to H
0.6
H to J
3.1
J to K
3.9
K to L
0.6
L to M
2.5
M to N
7.9
N to P
2.5
P to Q
5.4
R to S
10.9
S to T
15.1
T to U
4.2
ANNEX D
4.
5.
6.
Tee pieces
Teepieces
Tee pieces
Teepieces
Other
(Flow Past) (Flow Round) Fittings
D.8
7.
Stop Cocks
and Valves

(NES 728)
Data Sheet D3/2 records the physical data for the cold water main, starting at the forward
tank and working aft. For intermediate sections the data recorded will be identical with
that on Data Sheet D3/1 but listed in the reverse order.

System
COLD
Piping
MAIN
4.
Pump in use
5.
FORWARD
1.
2.
3.
6.
Section
Reference
Length
(m)
Elbows
Tank to Pump
5.0
1
Strainer
1 NRV
Pump to U
9.6
1
Strainer
2 Ball
U to T
4.2
T to S
15.1
S to R
10.9
R to Q
3.6
Q to P
5.4
P to N
2.5
N to M
7.9
M to L
2.5
L to K
0.6
K to J
3.9
J to H
3.1
H to G
0.6
G to F
34.5
F to E
6.4
E to D
7.3
D to C
1.0
C to B
2.5
B to A
1.2
Teepieces
Teepieces
Other
D.9
7.
Stop Cocks
and Valves
ANNEX D

(NES 728)
Data Sheet D3/3 records the physical data for the cold water system branches.

System
COLD
Piping
BRANCHES
4.
Pump in use
5.
FORWARD
or AFT
1.
2.
3.
6.
Section
Reference
Length
(m)
Elbows
A to 1
19.4
B to 2
2.1
C to 2.1
5.0
D to 3
2.7
3 to 4
10.9
4 to 5
1.5
5 to 6
1.8
D to 7
11.5
E to 8
4.8
19.7
2 + 6,
45
Teepieces
Teepieces
Other
7.
Stop Cocks
and Valves
F to 9
9 to 10
40 to 42
U to 55
The above details are to be completed for all branches of the system.
D.5.
ANNEX D
Pipe Friction Calculations (Cold Water System Main)

a.
Data Sheet D4/1 is used for calculating the piping system pressure loss. It has
been designed for use with the equivalent length method of determining the
pressure loss of valves and fittings. The use of this system is justified because of
the continuous variation in flow that occurs.
b.
Calculations on Data Sheet D4/1 determines the pressure loss in the cold main
when the aft pump is in use.
c.
The information on this Data Sheet is derived as follows:

Column 1 -
Pipe section reference;
Column 2 -
The design water flow from Data Sheet D2/1;
Column 3 -
The system components from Data Sheet D3/1;
Column 4 -
Equivalent length coefficients for the components. These are

listed in Table 1.5, Section 1.11;
Column 5 -
Pipe bore, the initial selection has been made on Data Sheet
D2/1;
Column 6 -
Is used to calculate the equivalent length of the system

components;
Column 7 -
Actual length of pipe taken from Data Sheet D3/1;
D.10

(NES 728)
Column 8 -
Column 6 added to Column 7
Columns 9
and 10 -
Are read from the Pressure Loss Chart, Figure 1.10,

Section 1.11 The head loss in column 10 recorded (in bar) is
for 1 m length of pipe;
Column 11 - Column 10 multiplied by the total equivalent length given in

Column 8;
Column 12 - The static pressure drop (in bar) due to the height of the end
of the pipe section above datum. The datum is to be taken as
the bottom of the fresh water tank relative to the pump being
considered;
Column 13 - The total head loss (in bar) from the bottom of the fresh water
storage tank to the end of the pipe section being considered.
This is obtained from the sum of the friction head losses in the
pipe sections along the flow route and the height of the pipe
section above the datum.
D.11
ANNEX D
System
COLD
Piping
1.
2.
3.
Section
Flow System Components
Reference (m3/h)
D.12
Tank to
Pump
11.5
Pump to
A
11.5
A to B
11.39
B to C
11.37
MAIN
4.
Equivalent
Length
Coefficient
K
Elbows
Tees (flow past)
Tees (flow round)
Strainers
NR Valves
3
1
2
1
1
12 3
70 2
40 1
60 1
Total
Elbows
Tees (flow past)
Strainer
Ball Valves
2
3
1
2
12 2
40 1
15 2
Total
6.
Component
Equivalent
Length
K D (m)
1000
AFT
7.
8.
Actual
Total
Length Equivalent
(m)
Length
( )
(m)
9.
Water
speed
(m/s)
10.
Head
loss
(bar/m)
11.
12.
Section Height
loss
above
(bar)
Datum
(b )
(bar)
13.
Total
loss to
section
(b )
(bar)
50
13.8
5.0
18.8
1.62
0.0056
0.0056
18.8
= 0.11
0.18
0.11
+ 0.18
= 0.29
50
4.7
2.4
7.1
1.62
0.0056
0.0056
7.1
= 0.04
0.43
0.11
+ 0.04
+ 0.43
= 0.58
Tees (flow round) 1 70 1 = 70

Total = 70
50
3.5
1.2
4.7
1.61
0.0054
0.0054
0.43
4.7
= 0.025
0.58
+ 0.025
= 0.605
Tees (flow past)
50
2.5
2.5
1.60
0.0053
0.0053
2.5
= 0.013
0.605
+ 0.013
= 0.618
1 -
= 36
5.
Pipe
Bore
D
(
(mm)
)
Pump in use
= 140
= 40
= 60
= 276
= 24
= 40
= 30
= 94
C to D
D to E
T to U
The above details are to be completed for all sections of piping.

a.
Calculations on Data Sheet D4/1 determine the pressure loss in the cold main when the forward pump is in use. Information
and data for Columns 2 and 5 are taken from Data Sheet D2/2 and for Columns 3 and 7 from Data Sheet D3/2.

(NES 728)
ANNEX D
CALCULATION DATA SHEET D4/1 PIPE FRICTION CALCULATIONS

System
COLD
Piping
MAIN
4.
Equivalent
Length
Coefficient
K
Pump in use
FORWARD
6.
5.
7.
p
Actual
Pipe Component
E i l t Length
Bore Equivalent
Length
D
(m)
(
(mm)
) KD
(m)
1000
D.13
3.
System Components
Tank to
Pump
11.5
Elbows
Tees (flow past)
Tees (flow round)
Strainers
NR Valves
3
1
1
1
1
10 3
70 1
40 1
60 1
Total
= 30 50
Pump to
U
11.5
Elbows
Tees (flow past)
Tees (flow round)
Strainers
Ball Valves
3
4
1
1
2
12 3
70 1
40 1
15 2
Total
= 36 50
U to T
9.86
Elbows
Tees (flow round)
T to S
9.76
3.91
8.
Total
Equivalent
Length
( )
(m)
9.
10.
11.
Water Head Section
speed
loss
loss
(m/s) (bar/m)
(bar)
12.
Height
above
Datum
(b )
(bar)
13.
Total
loss to
section
(b )
(bar)
10.3
5.0
15.3
1.62
0.0056
0.0056
0.18
15.3
= 0.086
0.18
+ 0.086
= 0.266
8.8
9.6
18.4
1.62
0.0056
0.056
0.43
18.4
= 0.103
0.086
+ 0.103
+ 0.43
= 0.619
1 12 1 = 12 50
1 70 1 = 70
Total = 82
4.1
4.2
8.3
1.38
0.0042
0.0056
0.67
8.3
= 0.035
0.189
+ 0.035
+ 0.67
= 0.894
Tees (flow past)
1 -
50
15.1
15.1
1.36
0.0042
0.0042
0.67
15.1
= 0.063
0.894
+ 0.063
= 0.957
Tees (flow past)
1 -
50
7.3
7.3
0.53
0.0007
8
0.00078 0.43
7.3
= 0.006
1.026*
+ 0.006
= 1.032
= 70
= 40
= 60
= 200
= 70
= 40
= 30
= 176
S to R
R to Q
E to D
ANNEX D
B to A
* Estimated value

(NES 728)
1.
2.
Flow
Section
Reference (m3/h)
IntDef Stan 02728 / Issue 2

(NES 728)
D.6.
ANNEX D
Pipe Friction Calculations (Cold Water System Branches)

a.
Calculations on Data Sheet D4/3 continue the pressure drop calculation with
determination of the loss in the branches with either pump in use. Information
and data are taken from Data Sheets D2/3 and D3/3.
b.
The pressure drop to the start of each branch is different for the aft pump than
for the forward pump. Additionally in this example, the aft and forward storage
tanks are at different levels. It is therefore necessary to make separate
calculations of total pressure drop for either pump in use.
c.
At the conclusion of these calculations, comparison of the pressure drop in each

branch is to be made to determine if it would be possible to make the pressure
drops more equal. This will involve the use of increased water speed in branches
on lower decks. Care must be taken not to exceed the water speeds given in
Table 1.4 (see Clause 1.11.8a ) and to provide a pipe of the correct size for
supplying wash-basins and showers (see NES 120).
d.
A note is to be made of all wash-basins and showers on the cold water system
which have a pressure greater than 2 bar. These outlets are to be fitted with an
orifice as described in Clause 1.11.8b .
D.14

System
COLD
1.
2.
3.
y
p
Section
Flow System
Components
R f
Reference
((m3/h)
A to 1
B to 2
2.39
0.27
0.64
4.
q
Equivalent
L
Length
th
Coefficient
K
BRANCHES
5.
p
Pipe
B
Bore
D
(mm)
4
4
1
1
Elbow
Tees (flow round)
Ball Valve
1 12 1 = 12
1 120 1 = 120
1 15 1 = 15
Total
= 147
10.4
2
6
1
1
1
19.6
Elbows
Bend (45)
Tees (flow past)
Tees (flow round)
Ball Valve
= 24
= 48
AFT or FORWARD
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
p
Component
Actual
Total
Water Head
E i l t Length
Equivalent
L
th E
Equivalent
i l t speed
d
l
loss
Length
(m)
Length
(m/s) (bar/m)
(m)
K D (m)
1000
12 4 = 48 25.6
250 1 = 250
15 1 = 15
Total
= 313
12 2
86
70 1
15 1
Total
Pump in use
= 70
= 15
= 157
R to 43
U to 55
ANNEX D

NOTE:
*
Estimated value
A
Flow from aft pump
F
Flow from forward pump
8.0
1.5
3.1
19.4
2.1
19.7
27.4
3.6
22.8
1.32
0.88
0.59
0.008
0.013
0.0028
11.
Section
l
loss
(bar)
12.
g
Height
above
b
Datum
(bar)
0.008
27.4
= 0.22
A 0.43
0.58
+ 0.22
= 0.80
F 0.67
1.23*
+ 0.22
= 1.45
0.605
+ 0.047
= 0.652
0.013
A 0.43
3.6
= 0.047
13.
Total
l
loss
to
t
section
(bar)
F 0.67
1.112*
+ 0.047
= 1.159
0.0028
A 1.65
22.8
= 0.064
2.242*
+ 0.064
= 2.306
F 1.89
2.441*
+ 0.064
= 2.505

(NES 728)
Elbows
Tees (flow past)
Tees (flow round)
Ball Valve
D.15
C to 2.1
D to 3
3 to 4
40 to 42
Piping

(NES 728)
D.7.
Selection of Cold Water Pump and Cold Water Boost Pump

a.
Data Sheet D5 is used for the selection of the cold water pump and cold water
boost pump. These pumps are not used in Submarines.
b.
Information on the selection of cold water and boost pumps is given in

Section 1.7.
c.
Data Sheet D5 is filled in as follows:
d.
ANNEX D
(1)
The cold water pump capacity required is to be taken from

Data Sheet D1/2;
(2)
The differential pressure required from the pump is to be the pressure loss
in the system as determined in Data Sheet D/4, with 10% safety margin
and the addition of the pressure required at the highest point, this is to
be taken as 0.35 bar unless there is a specific requirement for a greater
pressure, e.g. Bridge Window Washer System 1.4 bar and head lift above
main to windows. See also Clause 1.3.1d;
(3)
On ships of Frigate/Destroyer size and above four pumps are required, on

ships smaller than these two pumps are required.
The necessity for a cold water boost pump will have been determined in
Data Sheet D1/2. The pressure development required is taken from
Data Sheet D4/-, Column 13.
D.16

(NES 728)
CALCULATION DATA SHEETS D5 SELECTION OF COLD WATER PUMP AND COLD

WATER BOOST PUMP
1.
Cold Water Pump

a.
Cold Water Pump Capacity Required (Data Sheet D1/1) = 11.5 m3/h
b.
Pressure:
Maximum Pressure Loss in System
(Data Sheet D4/-, Column 13)
=
2.51 bar + 10% margin
Minimum Pressure Required at Highest/

Most Remote Point (if height is involved the
head lift must also be added)
= 2.76 bar
= 0.35 bar
Differential Pressure Required from Pump

=
2.69 + 0.35
= 3.04 bar
c.
Number of Pumps Required by Rules

(see Clause 1.11.2l )
d.
Pump Duty (100% Standby on Diversity

Factor) see Figure 1.5 and Figure 1.6 in Clause 1.7
=2
Output
=
e.
12 m3/h Differential Pressure
= 3.04 bar
Pump Arrangement
1 Forward 1 Aft - Amidships
f.
2.
Pumps Actually Fitted

a.
Not Required;
b.
Output (Data Sheet D1/1)
c.
Pressure:
= m3/h

(Data Sheet D4/-, Column 13)
d.
bar
Minimum Pressure Required at

Highest/Most Remote Point (see above)
= 0. 35 bar
Differential Pressure Required

from Pump
=+0.35= bar
Location
D.17
ANNEX D

(NES 728)
D.8.
ANNEX D
Water Flow Rates from Calorifiers

a.
Data Sheet D6 is used to calculate the total hot water heat load and the
distribution of this load between the calorifiers.
b.
The hot water required on Surface Ships is 0.012 m3/h per person and this
requires a heater of 0.77 kW per person. (see Clause 1.11.10b).
c.
The number and type of outlet on each of the hot water systems are determined
and the diversified flow for each system calculated using Figure 1.12,
Clause 1.11.
d.
The total required heating capacity is to be allocated between the hot water
systems in proportion to their diversified flow. The calculated heating power is
rounded up to the nearest convenient value.
e.
The storage capacity is required to be determined by using the information

given in Clauses 1.11.12a or 1.11.12b and Figure 1.14 to Figure 1.18 inclusive.
f.
It will be noted that in the example the forward calorifier, which serves mainly
showers and wash-basins, has a heating capacity per outlet that is lower than
the other two systems. Because of this low heating rate and the fact that
showers may be used continuously for substantial periods the storage capacity
of the forward system has been made proportionally greater.
D.18

(NES 728)
CALCULATION DATA SHEET D6 HOT WATER FLOW FROM CALORIFIERS

HEAT REQUIREMENT
Complement
460
Total hot water required at 0.012
m3/h
5.52 m3/h
per person
Total Calorifier heating capacity at 0.77 kW/person
354 kW
Design Requirements
System Aft
Diversity Factor 0.29

Number of
Outlets
Diversity
Factor
WB
16
0.29
0.27
1.25
13 mm
10
0.29
0.57
1.65
Showers
0.29
0.14
0.20
19 mm
0.29
1.63
0.47
Type of Outlet
Flow per
Design Flow
Outlet (m3/h)
(m3/h)
32
System Midships
3.57

Number of
Outlets
Diversity
Factor
6 mm & WB
45
0.16
0.27
1.94
13 mm
18
0.16
0.57
1.64
Showers
10
0.16
0.14
0.22
19 mm
0.16
1.63
0.52
Type of Outlet
Flow per
Design Flow
Outlet (m3/h)
(m3/h)
75
System Forward
4.32

Number of
Outlets
Diversity
Factor
6 mm & WB
43
0.18
0.27
2.09
13 mm
0.18
0.57
0.31
Showers
15
0.18
0.14
0.38
19 mm
Type of Outlet
Flow per
Design Flow
Outlet (m3/h)
(m3/h)
61
2.78
Total Diversified Flow = 3.57 + 4.32 + 2.78 = 10.67 m3/h

Heat Required aft calorifier
Heat Required midships calorifier
Heat Required forward calorifier
354 3.57
354 4.32
354 2.78
10.67 = 118.44 kW
10.67 = 143.32 kW
10.67 = 92.23 kW
Calorifiers Selected
Aft calorifier
Midships calorifier
Forward calorifier
0.455 m3
0.455 m3
0.455 m3
D.19
120 kW
150 kW
100 kW
ANNEX D

(NES 728)
D.9.
Water Flow and Approximate Pipe Bore Calculation (Hot Water System)
a.
Data Sheet D7/1 is used to record the number of outlets downstream of each
section of the hot water ring main and the flow in the section after the
application of the diversity factor. A preliminary selection is made of the pipe
bore. It is only necessary to work round the system in one direction as the
nonreturn valve prevents reverse flow.
b.
Calculations on Data Sheet D7/1 show the characteristics of the aft system.
CALCULATION
System
Piping RING MAIN

HOT
(Aft Calorifier)
1.
S
Section
Reference
Pump in use
4.
Water Flow
l
in Pipe S
Section
3
(m /h)
AFT or
FORWARD
2.
Number
b off
Outlets
Downstream
3.
Diversity
Factor
5.
Pipe Size
S
(mm)
Calorifier
to A
32
0.29
From page A27 3.57
A to B
14
0.52
4 0.52 0.27
9 0.52 0.57
1 0.52 1.63
=
=
=
0.56 35
2.67
0.85
4.08
B to C
13
0.54
3 0.54 0.27
9 0.54 0.14
1 0.54 1.63
=
=
=
0.44 35
0.68
0.88
2.00
C to D
12
0.57
3 0.57 0.27
8 0.57 0.57
1 0.57 1.63
=
=
=
0.46 35
2.60
0.93
3.99
35
D to E
K to
Calorifier
The above details are to be completed for all sections of the ring main.
ANNEX D
D.20

(NES 728)
D.10.

a.
Data Sheet D7/2 is used to record the water flow and initial selection of pipe bore
for the hot water system branches on the aft system.
CALCULATION
System
Piping BRANCHES
HOT
Pump in use
AFT or
FORWARD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Section
Reference
Number of
Outlets
Downstream
Diversity
Factor
Water Flow in Pipe Section
Pipe Size
(m3/h)
(mm)
A to 1
17
0.46
11.0 0.46 0.27 = 1.37

1.0 0.46 0.57 = 0.26
5.0 0.46 0.14 = 0.32
1.95
28
1 to 2
11
0.57
11
28
B to 4
1.0
1 1 0.27
= 0.27
12
C to 5
1.0
1 1 0.57
= 0.57
15
1 1 0.57
= 0.57
15
0.57 0.27 = 1.69

1.69
D to 6
E to 7
F to 8
K to 13
The above details are to be completed from all Sections from the piping main.
D.21
ANNEX D

(NES 728)
D.11.
Physical Data (Hot Water System)

a.
Data Sheet D8/1 is used to record the physical data for the hot water ring main
for the aft hot water system.

System
Piping
HOT
(Aft Calorifier)
1.
2.
3.
Section Length Elbows
Reference
(m)
MAIN
4.
Tee pieces
Teepieces
(Flow Past)
Pump in use
AFT or
FORWARD
5.
6.
7.
Tee pieces
Teepieces
Other Stop Cocks
(Flow Round) Fittings and Valves
Calorifier
to A
1.3
A to B
5.4
B to C
2.4
C to D
6.7
D to E
21.2
E to F
0.6
F to G
6.7
G to H
10.3
H to J
9.7
J to K
4.2
K to
Calorifier
53.3
ANNEX D
D.22

(NES 728)
D.12.
Physical Data for Hot Water Branches (Aft)

a.
Data Sheet D8/2 is used to record the physical data for the hot water branches in
the aft hot water system.

System
1.
Section
Reference
Piping BRANCHES
HOT
(Aft Calorifier)
2.
3.
Length Elbows
(m)
4.
Teepieces
(Flow Past)
Pump in use
5.
AFT or
FORWARD
6.
7.
Teepieces
Other Stop Cocks
(Flow Round) Fittings and Valves
A to 1
5.8
1 to 2
7.9
1 to 3
5.5
B to 4
3.0
C to 5
0.6
D to 6
3.0
E to 7
0.6
F to 8
6.1
F to 9
7.9
G to 10
1.2
H to 11
3.0
J to 12
2.4
K to 13
2.4
D.13.
Pipe Friction Calculations (Hot Water System Main)

a.
Data Sheet D9/1 is used to calculate the pressure drop around the aft hot water
system ring main.
b.
The procedure is the same as that used for the cold water system (see Annex D.).
However, the pipe resistance is to be taken from Figure 1.11, and Clause 1.11.
D.23
ANNEX D
System
1.
2.
Section
Flow
Reference (m3/h)
Piping BRANCHES
HOT
(Aft Calorifier)
3.
System
Components
4.
Equivalent
Length
Coefficient
K
Pump in use
AFT or
FORWARD
5.
7.
8.
9.
10.
6.
Pipe Component Actual
Total
Water Head
Bore Equivalent Length Equivalent speed
loss
D
(m)
Length
(m/s) (bar/m)
Length
g
(
(mm)
) KD
( )
(m)
(m)
1000
D.24
Calorifier
to A
3.57
Elbows
Ball Valves
1 12 1 = 12
1 15 1 = 15
Total = 27
32
0.9
1.3
2.2
1.23
0.0044
A to B
4.08
Elbows
Tees (flow past)
Tees (flow round)
1 12 1 = 12
1 1 120 1 = 120
Total = 132
32
4.2
5.4
9.6
1.41
0.0055
B to C
4.09
Tees (flow past)

Tees (flow round)
1 1 70 1 = 70
Total = 70
32
2.2
2.4
4.6
1.41
0.0056
C to D
D to E
J to K
11.
Section
loss
(bar)
0.0044
2.2
= 0.01
0.0055
9.6
= 0.053
0.0056
4.6
= 0.026
12.
Height
above
Datum
(b )
(bar)
13.
Total
loss to
section
(b )
(bar)
0.01
0.24
0.01
+ 0.053
+ 0.24
= 0.303
0.24
0.303
+ 0.026
= 0.329

(NES 728)
ANNEX D

(NES 728)
D.14.
Pipe Friction Calculations (Hot Water System Branches)

a.
Data Sheet D9/2 is used to calculate the pressure drop in the aft hot water
system branches.
D.25
ANNEX D
System
Piping BRANCHES
HOT
(Aft Calorifier)
1.
2.
3.
Section
Flow System Components
Reference (m3/h)
Pump in use
AFT or
FORWARD
4.
Equivalent
Length
Coefficient K
5.
Pipe
Bore
D
(
(mm)
)
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Component
p
Actual
Total
Water
Head
E i l
Equivalent
Length Equivalent speed
loss
Length
(m)
Length (m) (m/s) (bar/m)
K D (m)
1000
11.
Section
loss
(bar)
12.
Height
above
Datum
(b )
(bar)
13.
Total
loss to
section
(b )
(bar)
D.26
A to 1
1.95
Elbows
Tees (flow past)
Ball Valve
3 12 3 = 36
1 1 15 1 = 15
Total = 51
25.6
1.3
5.8
7.1
1.05
0.0042
0.0042
7.1
= 0.03
0.03
1 to 2
1.69
Elbows
Tees (flow past)
Tees (flow round)
3 12 3 = 36
3 1 70 1 = 70
Total = 106
25.6
2.7
7.9
10.6
0.95
0.0035
0.0035
10.6
= 0.037
0.03
+ 0.037
= 0.067
0.57
Elbows
Tees (flow round)
Ball Valves
1 12 1
1 70 1
1 15 1
Total
13.06
1.3
2.4
3.7
1.18
0.013
0.013
3.7
= 0.048
0.73
1.02*
+ 0.048
= 1.068
B to 4
C to 5
K to 13
=
=
=
=
12
70
15
97

* Estimated value

(NES 728)
ANNEX D

(NES 728)
D.15.
Pressures Required and Available at Calorifier(s)

a.
Data Sheet D10 is used to calculate the pressures that are required and are
available at the aft calorifier.
b.
The pressure loss to the most remote point of the system will have been
calculated on Data Sheet D9/-. To this must be added a 10% safety margin and
the pressure required at the outlet (0.35 bar) to give the pressure required at the
calorifier inlet.
c.
The pressure available at the calorifier with either of the two pumps in use will
have been determined as part of the analysis of the cold water system.
d.
Data Sheet D10 includes a section for determining the requirement for a hot
water boost pump. As stated in Clause 1.7.5a , a hot water boost pump is not to
be fitted unless its use is completely unavoidable. The following alternative
arrangements are to be considered:
e.
(1)
The use of separate single outlet electric water heaters supplied from the
cold water boost pump system.
(2)
The use of separate hot water system supplied from the cold water boost
pump.
Similar calculations are to be made for each of the hot water systems on the
ship.
D.27
ANNEX D

(NES 728)
CALCULATION DATA SHEET D10 PRESSURES REQUIRED AND AVAILABLE AT

CALORIFIER(S)
1.
Calorifier Position
2.
Pressure Required
After
Compartment

=
1. 07 + 10%
= 1.18 bar

Highest/Most Remote Point
=
0.35 bar
= 0.35 bar
Pressure Required at Calorifier Inlet

= 1.18 + 0.35
3.
4.
= 1.53 bar
Pressure Available
a.
Cold Water Pump in Use

Pressure Available at Calorifier
After
b.
Cold Water Pump in Use

Pressure Available at Calorifier
Forward
2.47 bar *
1.72 bar *
Hot Water Boost Pump

c.
Not Required
d.
Output (Data Sheet D7/-)
e.
Pressure
(Data Sheet D9, Column 13)
= m3/h
= bar

Highest/Most Remote Point
=
0.35 bar
= 0.35 bar
Differential Pressure Required from Pump

=
f.
+ 0.35
= bar
Location
* Estimated Value
ANNEX D
D.28

(NES 728)
D.16.
Duty of Hot Water Circulating Pump

a.
Data Sheet D11 is used to determine if a hot water circulating pump is required.
b.
The vertical lift of the hot and cold legs of the hot water ring main is determined
from the arrangement drawings.
c.
Clause 1.11.9b gives the maximum equivalent length of each size of pipe
through which it is possible to maintain adequate thermal circulation for each
metre of vertical lift.
d.
The equivalent length of the ring main is determined using the same procedures
as those used in Data Sheet D9. If the system total equivalent length is greater
than can be sustained by the available vertical lift then a circulating pump is to
be fitted.
e.
If a circulating pump is required it is to be capable of maintaining a water speed

round the ring main to keep the main at the required temperature. The
pressure development required by the pump is determined by completing
Data Sheet D9 for the ring piping at the required circulation rate.
f.
Similar calculations are to be made for each of the hot water systems on the
ship.
g.
Details of the standard range hot water circulation pump are given in
Clause 1.7.4c .
h.
The circulating rate required is determined from the formulae:
HeatLoss
Where K
K2L(T 2T 1)
kW
r
log e r21
Thermal conductivity of piping insulation
2.3 10-5 kW/m 2 C/m thickness
Length of piping in metre
T1
Hot water temperature = 70C
T2
Ambient temperature = 15C
r1, r2 =
Inside and outside radius of piping insulation

in consistent units
CirculatingRate HeatLoss m 3 h
5.81
D.29
ANNEX D

(NES 728)
CALCULATION DATA SHEET D11 DUTY OF HOT WATER CIRCULATING PUMP

Calorifier
After
Hot and cold leg vertical lift
4.9 m
Size of piping in ring main
34 mm
Maximum ring main equivalent length for natural circulation

(see Clause 1.11.9b )
4.9 25 = 122.5 m
Resistance of Ring Main
Equivalent
Length
Coefficient
System Components
Bends
26
12 26
= 312
Valves, ball
15 2
= 30
Valves, NR
60 1
= 60
Tees (flow round)
70 3
= 210
Tees (flow past)
Pipe Bore Component

(mm)
Equivalent
Length (m)
612 32
1000
32
= 19.58
612
TOTAL
Actual Pipe Length (see Data Sheet D 8/1)
Total Equivalent System Length
19.58
121.8
141.38
Natural circulation not possible

Circulation rate
K 2 L(T2T 1)
Heatloss(kW)

r
5.81
log e r2 5.81
1
D.17.
ANNEX D
2.3 10 5 2 121.8 (70 15)

0.23m 3 h
log e 36.5

5.81
17.5
Capacity of Accumulators
a.
Data Sheet D12 is used for the selection of accumulators; one accumulator is to
be used in each hot water system. A separate Data Sheet is to be used for the
selection of each accumulator.
b.
The volume of the water in the ring main and calorifier is to be determined. Pipe
capacity may be taken from Table 1.4. Clause 1.11. Data Sheet D11 gives the
volume of the calorifier.
c.
The required capacity of the accumulator is 5% of the total ring main plus the
calorifier capacity.
d.
Details of standard range accumulators are given in Clause 1.10.
D.30

(NES 728)
CALCULATION DATA SHEET D12 CAPACITY OF ACCUMULATORS

Calorifier
1.
After
Volume of water in ring main

Pipe
p Bore
(mm)
32
Pipe
p Length
g
(m)
121.8
Weight
g of Water
(kg/m)
0.81
Total Weight
g of Water
(kg)
98.7
98.7
Total volume, Weight 1000 m3
= 0.099 m3
Calorifier volume
= 0.200 m3 *
0.299 m3
Total system volume

2.
Capacity of Accumulator
The accumulator capacity is to be 5% of the total
Capacity required = 0.299 m3 5% = 0.015 m3
* Estimated value
D.31
ANNEX D

(NES 728)
ANNEX D
D.32

(NES 728)
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
(NOTE: Page numbers are given)
Air pressure charging equipment, Submarine

tanks: 1.25
Calorifiers
general purpose, heat source: 1.11
general purpose, heating capacity: 1.4,
1.37
general purpose, pressures required: D.27
general purpose, requirements: 1.23
general purpose, selection: 1.37
general purpose, sizing: 1.38
general purpose, types: 1.22
general purpose, water flow rates: D.19
general purpose, water supply to: 1.9
Submarines: 1.23
Submarines, preferred range: 1.23
Air release units: 1.25
Casting requirements: 3.6
Air removal: 1.45, 1.46
Chambers, air: 1.7
Allowances, daily consumption: 1.4
Cleaning
fresh water storage tanks: 3.7
general requirements: 3.7
tubes and pipes: 3.7
A
Accumulators
capacity: 1.45; D.1
design requirements: 1.45
location in system: 1.10
table of available units: 1.25
type: 1.24
Aerating arrangements: 1.14
Air escapes, storage tanks: 1.16
Cocks, push: 1.3; 3.2, 3.5
Battery top-up water, Submarines: 1.4
Calculations
capacity of accumulators: D.30
data sheet instructions: D.1
general requirements: D.1
introduction: D.8
physical data, cold water system: D.8
physical data, hot water system: D.23
pipe friction, cold water system: D.1, D.8
pipe friction, hot water system: D.23
pressures at calorifier: D.27
selections of, cold water pumps: D.17
selections of, hot water pumps: D.29
water flow and pipe bore, cold water
system: D.5
water flow and pipe bore, hot water system:
D.21
water flow rates from calorifiers: D.19
Cold water
emergency supply to sonar cooling: 1.12;
3.4
filling arrangements, Submarines: 1.14,
1.15
filling arrangements, HM Surface Ships:
1.13, 1.14
pumps, capacity: 1.33
pumps, general requirements: 1.16, 1.19
storage tank, arrangements, Submarines:
1.13; 4.3
storage tank, arrangements, HM Surface
Ships: 1.13
storage tank, cleaning: 3.7
storage tank, design: 1.13; 3.6
storage tank, manufacturer: 3.6
submarine services supplied: 4.2
surface ship services supplied: 3.2, 3.3;
4.1, 4.2
system arrangement, Submarines: 1.8, 1.9
system arrangement, HM Surface Ships:
1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 1.8; 3.3
system design procedure: 1.26, 1.27, 1.28,
1.31, 1.32
Calibration of tanks: 1.49; 3.7
Colours and marking: 1.51; 2.1; 3.8
Brazing requirements: 3.6

Bridge window washers: 1.4, 1.7
INDEX 1

(NES 728)
Connections
hose, filling: 1.14
hose, pumps: 1.5
piping: 3.4, 3.5
Cooled fresh water
equipment: 1.24
supply: 1.24
Cross connection, hot water systems: 1.9
D
Deck connections: 1.14
Desalination requirements
general: 1.12; 3.4
Submarines: 1.12
HM Surface Ships: 1.12; 3.4
Design review: 1.32
Diversity factors for outlets: 1.32
Drawings
diagrammatic arrangement: 1.1; 3.1
equipment: 1.2
DPA guidance: 3.1
preparation and general requirements: 3.1
ship arrangement: 1.2
supplied by manufacturer: 3.1
supplied by shipbuilder: 3.1
symbols to be used: 3.1
systems: 3.1
Drinking water
coolers: 1.24
tanks: 1.23, 1.24
E
Electric water heaters: 1.45
Emergency supply
cabinets: 1.7
sonar cooling system: 1.12; 3.4
Emergency water tanks: 1.24
Equivalent pipe lengths for fittings: 1.28
F
Filling and transfer lines: 1.5
Filling arrangements
Submarines: 1.14, 1.15
HM Surface Ships: 1.13, 1.14
Filling funnels: 1.14
Filling rates, HM Surface Ships: 1.13
Fittings
discharge rate: 1.32
for sterilization: 1.15
Flanges
materials: 1.3; 3.1, 3.2
Flexible assemblies: 1.7; 3.3
Flushing of system: 3.7
Freezing, precautions against: 1.7
Fresh water filling arrangements: 1.13, 1.14,
1.15
Fresh water sterilization: 1.15
Fresh water storage tanks
arrangements: 1.13; 4.3
cleaning and preservation: 3.7
materials: 1.3; 2.1; 3.1
pressure tests: 1.49, 1.50; 3.7, 3.8
Frost plugs: 1.7
G
Gauges, tank contents: 1.14, 1.15
H
Heat emission from piping: 1.37
Heaters
electric water: 1.45
local: 1.11
Heating
capacity: 1.22
equipment: 1.22
Hose
cleanliness precautions: 1.14
filling connections: 1.14
Hot water
pumps, duty: D.29
pumps, general requirements: 1.19
services supplied, Submarines: 1.4; 4.3
services supplied, HM Surface Ships: 3.3;
4.3
storage capacity: 1.38, 1.39
system arrangement, Submarines: 1.11,
1.12
system arrangement, HM Surface Ships:
1.9, 1.10, 1.11
INDEX 2

(NES 728)
system, circulation: 1.10, 1.37
system, peak load: 1.38
O
Orifice
in supply to taps and showers: 1.35
preferred range: 1.35
pump leak-off: 1.22
I
Inspection: 3.7
Overpressure, protection against during

filling: 1.14
Installation
flexibility: 1.47
general requirements: 1.47, 1.48; 3.7
Insulation
material: 3.2
pipework: 1.50; 3.8
Photographic section, cooled water unit:

1.24
Physical data calculations
cold water system: D.8
hot water system: D.24
Pipe
cleaning: 3.7
friction calculations: D.10
manipulation: 3.6
materials: 1.3; 3.1, 3.2
Jointing
material: 3.2
Piping
colours and markings: 1.51; 2.1; 3.8
connections: 3.4, 3.5
in fresh water tanks: 1.3; 3.2
installation: 1.47, 1.48, 1.49; 3.7
insulation: 1.50; 3.8
jointing: 1.25
trials: 1.50
within containment boundary, Submarines:
1.50
L
Ladders in storage tanks: 1.3, 1.13; 2.1
M
Manholes, tank access: 1.13
Manufacturing practices, general
requirements: 3.5
Materials
accumulators: 1.3
calorifiers: 3.1
fresh water storage tanks: 1.3; 2.1; 3.1
insulation: 3.2
jointing: 3.2
pipe clips: 1.2; 2.1
pipework, non-ferrous: 1.3; 3.1
pipework, steel: 1.3; 3.2
pumps: 3.1
screwed fasteners: 3.2
selection: 1.2; 3.1
valves and cocks: 1.3; 3.2
Maximum water speeds: 1.27
Medical compartment, water heater
requirements: 1.23
Preservation
fresh water storage tanks: 3.7
tubes and pipes: 3.7
Pressure
at highest point in HM Surface Ships: 1.4
at outlets: 1.35
indicators: 1.5
loss: 1.28
operating, Submarines: 1.9
operating, HM Surface Ships: 1.33
tests: 1.49, 1.50; 3.7, 3.8
Pumps
cold water boost: 1.19, 1.35
cold water circulating: 1.16, 1.33
general requirements: 1.16; 3.4
hot water boost: 1.22
INDEX 3

(NES 728)
cold water, HM Surface Ships: 1.4, 1.5,
1.7, 1.8; 3.3
hot water: 1.9
hot water, Submarines: 1.11, 1.12
hot water, HM Surface Ships: 1.9, 1.10,
1.11
hot water circulating: 1.19

protection: 1.22
Purity standard for fresh water: 1.3
Push cocks
application: 3.5
material: 1.3; 3.2
Pyrotechnic locker flooding requirements:
1.9
S
Screwed fasteners: 1.25; 3.2
Services, essential for HM Surface Ships: 1.7
Showers
flow rate: 1.32
provision of: 3.3; 4.3
supplies to: 1.32
Tanks
construction: 1.13
drinking water: 1.23, 1.24
emergency fresh water: 1.24
fresh water storage, Submarines: 1.8
fresh water storage, HM Surface Ships:
1.4
Taps, flow rate: 1.32
Thermo-syphon circulation: 1.10, 1.36
Trials: 1.50
Sonar cooling system, emergency supply:

1.12; 3.4
Sounding tubes: 1.15; 4.3
Steam/water mixers: 1.23

Sterilisation fittings: 1.15
Storage tank calibrations: 1.49; 3.7
Strainers
for special equipment: 1.7
pump suction: 1.5; 3.3
Symbols on drawings: 3.1
System
boost: 1.8
boost, cold water: 1.8
boost, hot water: 1.11
cold water, services supplied: 3.2, 3.3;
4.1, 4.2
design objectives: 1.3, 1.4; 3.2
design procedure: 1.26, 1.27, 1.28, 1.31,
1.32
design review: 1.32
hot water, services supplied: 1.4; 3.3; 4.3
Submarines: 1.9
Submarines, HM Surface Ships: 1.33
pressure at outlets: 1.35
System arrangement
cold water: 1.4
cold water, Submarines: 1.8, 1.9
Valves
automatic air release: 1.25
ball: 1.24; 3.5
bulkhead and containment boundary: 1.9
isolating, location: 1.7
materials: 1.3
pressure tests: 1.50
working pressure: 1.50
W
Wash-basins
flow rate: 1.32
provision of: 3.3; 4.3
supplies to: 1.32
Washers, bridge window: 1.4, 1.7
Water
cooled: 1.24
heaters, electric: 1.45
purity standard: 1.3
speeds, maximum: 1.27
Welding requirements: 3.5
Welds, inspection of storage tanks: 3.6
INDEX 4
Inside Rear Cover
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NES 728 Requirements For Domestic Hot and Cold Fresh Water Systems Category 3

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NES 728 Requirements For Domestic Hot and Cold Fresh Water Systems Category 3

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Ministry of Defence

INTERIM Defence Standard 02-728

Requirements for Domestic Hot and Cold

AMENDMENTS ISSUED SINCE PUBLICATION

NAVAL ENGINEERING STANDARD 728

REQUIREMENTS FOR DOMESTIC HOT AND COLD

This Naval Engineering Standard is

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

This Naval Engineering Standard (NES) defines the requirements for:

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

If it is found to be unsuitable for any particular requirement the MOD is to be informed in

No alteration is to be made to this NES except by the issue of an authorized amendment.

MOD Tender or Contract Process

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

Category 1. If not applied may have a Critical effect on the following:

Category 2. If not applied may have a Significant effect on the following:

Category 3. If not applied may have a Minor effect on the following:

British Standards Institution,

Defence Standards &

Defence Procurement Agency,

Tender or Contract Sponsor to advise.

Note: Tender or Contract Sponsor can advise in cases of difficulty.

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

Health and Safety

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

Typical Domestic Cold Water System for Submarines . . . . . . 1.8

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

Auxiliary Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.24

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

Air Collecting Vessel and Manual Air Release . . . . . . . . . . .

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

Provision of Washbasins and Showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CORPORATE EXPERIENCE & KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . 5.1

RELATED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.1

ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1

PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.1

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.1

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

System Diagrammatic Arrangement Drawings

System Diagrammatic Arrangement drawings are to show:

Pipe sizes, outside diameter;

A list of materials proposed;

The relationship to associated systems;

Instrumentation and controls;

Venting and drainage arrangements;

Working and test pressures, see Clauses 1.12.4a to 1.12.4.3a inclusive;

Definition of terminal points and interfaces between Main Machinery

List of symbols used (in accordance with NES 707);

(10) Tables of calorifiers, pumps, filters and accumulators showing

Diagrammatic Arrangements are to be geographically correct in respect of

Drawings are to include the following information:

Data Sheets of pipe sizes supporting the above.

System Diagrammatic Arrangement drawings are to form Basis Information

Int Def Stan 02728 / Issue 2

System Ship Arrangement Drawings

System Ship Arrangement drawings are to be drawn to scale, superimposed on

Nonferrous fittings are not to be used in FW storage tanks.

In Submarines, water for battery topup is to be supplied from the FW system

The suction pipework is to include the necessary isolating valves, nonreturn