The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

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The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

Construct: Adult anxiety
Description of Measure: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a commonly used measure of trait and state anxiety (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983). It
can be used in clinical settings to diagnose anxiety and to distinguish it from depressive syndromes. It also is often used in research as an indicator of caregiver distress
Form Y, its most popular version, has 20 items for assessing trait anxiety and 20 for state anxiety. State anxiety items include: I am tense; I
am worried and I feel calm; I feel secure. Trait anxiety items include: I worry too much over something that really doesnt matter and I am
content; I am a steady person. All items are rated on a 4-point scale (e.g., from Almost Never to Almost Always). Higher scores indicate
greater anxiety. The STAI is appropriate for those who have at least a sixth-grade reading level.
Internal consistency coefficients for the scale have ranged from .86 to .95; test-retest reliability coefficients have ranged from .65 to .75 over
a 2-month interval (Spielberger et al., 1983). Test-retest coefficients for this measure in the present study ranged from .69 to .89.
Considerable evidence attests to the construct and concurrent validity of the scale (Spielberger, 1989).
Studies also have shown that it is a sensitive predictor of caregiver distress over time, and that it can vary with changes in support systems,
health, and other individual characteristics (Elliott, Shewchuk, & Richards, 2001; Shewchuk, Richards & Elliott, 1998).
References
Elliott, T, Shewchuk, R, & Richards, J.S. (2001). Family caregiver problem solving abilities and adjustment during the initial year of the caregiving role. Journal of Counseling
Psychology, 48, 223-232.
Shewchuk, R., Richards, J. S., & Elliott, T. (1998). Dynamic processes in health outcomes among caregivers of patients with spinal cord injuries. Health Psychology, 17, 125-129.
Spielberger, C. D. (1989). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: Bibliography (2nd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

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