1/2010

Internet browsing
search, share, belong
Using ICT to boost
economic recovery

Mobile messaging,
delivering more ways to connect

Brought to you by Nokia and Nokia Siemens Networks

4 Emerging markets: Youve got mail

Email, instant messaging, social networking
mobile messaging, connecting a wider digital
community.

8 Eco-friendly networks get green light

within Vodafone
Being green makes good business sense.
Trials with Vodafone in India are proving the
technologies needed to cut network energy use.

10 Surfs up.
The rising wave of mobile browsing
Consumers in emerging markets are finding
their way onto the web in increasing numbers,
and doing it from their mobiles.

13 The Internet goes international

Global collaboration is helping to bring the
Internet to new users in their own language and
with greater security.

14 Small mobiles, micro-businesses,

macro benefits
How small businesses are using the mobile as
their main ICT tool to help them cut costs and
boost profits.

16 Is the world divided by broadband?

While the gap between mature and emerging
markets in mobile telephony has narrowed,
the divide in broadband access has widened.

18 How ICT can help beat the crunch

ICT is one of the most effective ways to help
economies climb out of the financial hole caused
by the credit crunch.

22 From inspiration to prosperity

New support initiatives are helping entrepreneurs
in emerging markets to overcome the many
obstacles they face.

23 Move over computer, the mobile is here

The PC remains a rarity in remote rural areas.
Instead, its the mobile that is giving people
access to new services.

2 Expanding Horizons 1/2010

editorial

A new decade,
a new beginning

elcome to 2010. Well over 2 billion people sent and

received messages on their mobile phones last year.
Most mobiles are used to send SMSs, while other mobile

messaging formats, such as instant messaging and email, remain in

the early stages of adoption. Even so, usnews.com says that 27 of
every 100 messages in China are sent using mobile instant messaging.
All in all, about three quarters of global electronic messages are sent
via mobiles.
Mobile browsing is also growing fast. India is second only to the
United States for Internet browsing on mobile phones, based on the
number of web page views on handsets. Mobile browsing will have a
significant impact in emerging markets over the next five years and
help bring more people online.
These services are good examples of hidden treasures true game
changers. Sometimes in the midst of our busy lives we overlook the
most obvious signposts the ones right in front of us.
The same is true for Expanding Horizons. Through the printed pages
of more than 20 issues, we have shared insight, information and
inspiration with you. With more than 4 billion people connected
(around 1.7 billion when we started) and all of us online, the time has
come for us to start living the way we preach. So, welcome to the final
print version of Expanding Horizons join us in a new beginning at
www.nokia.com/expandinghorizons.
Going digital with our magazine also contributes to environmental
protection. Sustainable growth is a key issue as mobile communications
spreads even widely. Ecologically-friendly solutions also bring financial
Expanding Horizons is a publication aimed at ICT decision-makers in the
private and public sectors. It explores the socio-economic benefits that
mobile technologies offer as well as best practices from around the world
in order to encourage affordable mobile communications and bring Internet
to the next billion consumers. It also shows how to create a favorable
environment for market growth.

benefits for all the parties involved; vendors, operators, governments

and consumers.
The way we communicate is evolving constantly. People in all parts
of the world are connecting in innovative ways. The end of an era is only
the beginning of the next one...

Editor-in-chief Sanna Eskelinen, Nokia-Expandinghorizons@nokia.com

Managing Editor Sirpa Lehmus Production Content produced by Armitage
Communications: Tim Haines, producer, tim.haines@armitage-comms.co.uk,
Graphic design Indivisual. Contributors to this issue: Michelle Knott,
Jere Hietala, Jussi Hyttinen. Printed by Libris in Finland.

Lets email! (Nokia-Expandinghorizons@nokia.com)

Views expressed in this magazine are those of the authors and interviewees
and they may deviate from the official view of Nokia Corporation, Nokia
Siemens Networks or the companies referred to. Our objective has been to
produce as accurate content as possible, but we cannot assume liability for
any eventual errors or inaccuracies.
Copyright 2010 Nokia Corporation and Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights
reserved. Nokia and Nokia Connecting People are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Nokia Corporation. Nokia Siemens Networks and the wave
logo are registered trademarks of Nokia Siemens Networks. Other company
and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks or trade names of
their respective owners. Products and solutions herein are subject to change
without notice.
ISSN: 1797-2086, code: D501-00535-EH-201001-1-EN

Alex Lambeek
VP, Marketing Mobile Phones,
Nokia Corporation

Frederic Astier
Head of Marketing & Communications
Customer, Markets & Operations,
Nokia Siemens Networks

1/2010 Expanding Horizons 3

Only a quarter of the worlds population has an

email account. But rising mobile phone adoption is
set to take the use of mobile messaging to new
levels, helping to bridge the digital divide and
giving many emerging market consumers their first
digital identity.

Emerging markets:

Youve got

mail
E

mail was the first killer application of

the Internet. Coming at a time when
faxing was the leading-edge way to

send written messages and documents to

people, email was a revelation for many.
Now its the dominant business messaging
medium, with a strong following among
consumers too.
In 2009, more than 2 billion people used
mobile phones to send messages, whether
SMS, MMS, mobile email or mobile instant
messaging (IM). At the same time more
than 5 billion people did not have an email
account and in many cases have no access to
a computer. However, with technology
adoption in emerging markets continuing to
race ahead, the prognosis for mobile
messaging looks rosy.
According to Strategy Analytics, ongoing
mobile subscriber growth in regions such
as Central and Latin America, Asia Pacific,
and Middle East and Africa will drive mobile
messaging penetration to almost 3.2 billion
by 2013. Simple text messaging, or SMS,
remains the foremost mobile messaging
channel, being used by almost threequarters (69 percent) of those with mobile
phones. Other forms of mobile messaging are
in the early stages of adoption with mobile
email having a penetration of 11 percent
and mobile IM just six percent.

4 Expanding Horizons 1/2010

In developing countries,
where most people do not
have Internet access, but more
and more own mobile phones,
@Ovi.com could become as
widespread an email address
as say, @yahoo.com in the
rich world.
The Economist

These overall figures belie large

variations in behavior across different
countries. Some markets have achieved
high rates of use of mobile email already.
In Japan, email is the most dominant
mobile messaging service with 87 percent
penetration.
There is undoubtedly tremendous
demand for mobile messaging in emerging
markets because people want to connect

Mobile email a boost for business

with each other. But how you realize it in

For consumers lacking access to a computer,

individual markets is vastly different.

mobile email is an opportunity to connect

In China, mobile IM is more popular than

to a wider digital community and access

mobile email, whereas in India, email

services and information that would

and SMS-based messaging dominate.

otherwise be out of reach. Unlike SMS,

explains Dieter May, Vice President Emerging

email and other mobile messaging services

Markets, Nokia.

provide an easy link to desktop users and

National programs exist in several

is another example of how mobile

countries to drive up the adoption of mobile

communications can enhance peoples lives

data packages and are having real success.

and productivity, says Mark Thomas,

Indonesia is a good example, thanks to the

Director of Product Marketing, Consumer

governments initiatives to connect people

Messaging, Nokia.

with the Internet, says May.

For most people, their first experiences

of the Internet will come via the mobile
device and not the PC. When this happens,
the number of Internet users who will be
chatting and sending and receiving emails
from a mobile phone will dwarf those who
are messaging via their desktop computers,
PCs or Internet tablets.
Business users with no PC access are
using mobile email to take part in
commerce, to contact customers and
suppliers who are already email enabled.
Email seems to be a more acceptable form
of messaging for business than SMS.
concludes Thomas.

1/2010 Expanding Horizons 5

Mobilizing social connections

Publishers Association which found that

What of the other messaging formats that

since 2008, communication sites offering

have come to prevalence since email made

email and IM have decreased in their share

its entry? In recent years, social networking

of consumers online time, due to the ability

has created what is perhaps the biggest

to conduct messaging over community sites.

change in peoples messaging behavior in

Social networking in emerging markets

mature markets, particularly among the

is in its very early stages, but it will grow

younger generation.

rapidly as mobile data becomes more

Anecdotally, it is clear that using social

networks to send messages has grown

common, adds Thomas.

May agrees: The boundaries between

tremendously, so much so that personal

email and other messaging formats are

Briefly stated:

email use is declining, believes Thomas.

blurring. What matters is that people can

Interacting with social networks from a

address their messaging needs in the most

mobile miniaturizes the desktop experience

suitable way. People decide on the fly how

more than 3bn people worldwide with

but also offers richer messaging than is

to send a message. With a mobile device

most growth in emerging markets

possible from a PC. For example, you can

contacts book it is easy to select the name

add location information, perhaps enabling

of the recipient and then decide the right

recipients to see a map of where you

message type to send depending on the

currently are.

situation.

Mobile messaging is set to surge to

For billions of users with no email

address, mobile email opens up new
ways to interact in the digital world

Mobile email, mobile instant

messaging and social messaging will
supplement ever-popular SMS to meet
huge demand

Supported by affordable mobile data

plans and a simpler user experience,
messaging will meet peoples
aspirations

6 Expanding Horizons 1/2010

This view is supported by a September

2009 study by the US-based Online

May also points out that the fastest

growing mobile network in India is SMS

Gupshup, a Twitter-like messaging service

of nearly 80 emerging

devices too. The advent

that is SMS-based. With more than 25 million

market countries found a

of touch screens and

users, the service uses SMS as a technology

huge variation in the cost

QWERTY keyboards has

bearer to provide a social networking

of accessing data services

helped to drive the

experience that works on every mobile

from mobile devices.

greater adoption of

phone. SMS will be available for many

Countries like Bangladesh,

mobile messaging in

years to come because mobile broadband

India and China all enjoy

mature markets. The

will take time to spread and become widely

relatively good data

lower end devices that

accessible to most people. Through SMS you

services affordability

dominate in emerging

can have a similar experience as any other

thanks to favorable

markets currently lack

social networking site and all the people

regulatory environments

these capabilities. But

you know with a phone can be part of your

and innovative operator

there are solutions under

network, he says.

strategies and business

development such as

As for mobile IM, the service has achieved

pockets of success in markets such as China

speech-based input which

models.

exists already on high end

Many operators

and South Africa, says Strategy Analytics.

recognize the huge potential of mobile

In China, mobile IM has been available since

messaging and have already taken steps to

2000 through
Internet provider
QQ and has
achieved almost
18 percent
penetration of
mobile users.
In South Africa,
mobile IM has

What matters
is that people
can address their
messaging needs
in the most
suitable way.

reached 15 percent
penetration.

Whats holding back messaging?

The demand in emerging markets for mobile

devices, says Thomas.

Larger screen sizes to display richer

help overcome the

messaging content and finding new ways to

affordability barrier.

limit the amount of data that messaging

Devices that are sold

uses over the network are further areas that

with affordable data

can improve the affordability and usability

plans are also vital.

of messaging in emerging markets.

Users want a full

Lets leave the final word to May:

messaging experience

The growth potential for mobile messaging

on low end phones and

is phenomenal. We need to educate people

we are delivering that.

about the possibilities and make it easier

Discoverability is

and more affordable to access the services.

another issue that is being addressed by

It will take time, but we see time and time

building social networking clients into the

again how peoples aspirations in emerging

phone, explains May.

markets drive up growth. The same will be

Messaging makes new demands on

true in mobile messaging.

messaging is evident in the response to the

availability of the Nokia Ovi Mail service.
The service is aimed primarily at consumers
in emerging markets without a PC and has
attracted more than 5 million users in about

Mobile email experiences

supporting small business

180 countries. Ovi Mail is issuing email and

IM identities for lower cost devices. Anyone

The impact of mobile email on small

with a Nokia device can create an Ovi

businesses in emerging markets is

special order I can just send an email

account so a critical mass of users already

illustrated by the case of Liastri, the

from wherever I am. It makes my life so

exists to enable mobile messaging to fly,

owner of a fabric shop established about

much easier. I feel closer to the people I

says Thomas.

30 years ago in Jakarta. The business has

care about and I can more easily run my

never had a computer and Liastri used to

business. Thats pretty amazing for a

mobile messaging remain. The most

stay in touch with her family, friends and

small phone.

important is affordability and transparency

customers by calling or sending letters.

That said, barriers to wider adoption of

Now, when I have family news or a

of cost, with users fearing huge bills. A 2009

survey by Nokia and Nokia Siemens Networks

1/2010 Expanding Horizons 7

Eco-friendly networks
get green light within Vodafone
Environmental leadership can be a
differentiator for operators. Being green makes
good business sense, not just in reducing costs
but also because its an increasingly visible
issue for consumers. Vodafone recognizes the
issue and has pledged to reduce its CO2
emissions by 50 percent by 2020 and its trials
in India are showing the way forward

1.5

billion people currently live

without access to electricity *1.
Thats more people without

electric lighting than when Thomas Edison

commercialized the incandescent light bulb
in the 1880s.
Its a remarkable number, not least for its
impact on the spread of communications
across emerging markets, where almost a
quarter of new mobile base station sites
will be built off the power grid. The GSM
Association estimates that 75,000 off-grid
sites will be built in emerging markets each
year through 2012.
Making this kind of growth sustainable
will take innovative, cost-effective and
energy-efficient networks. Ecologicallyfriendly systems will not only support
operators environmental responsibilities,
but also be financially beneficial, helping to
make communications more affordable for
consumers.

Energy efficiency benefits

As communications networks spread into
more remote rural areas, the challenge of
powering them is increasingly urgent for
operators. Furthermore, with the network
accounting for almost 90 percent of an
operators energy consumption, it makes
financial sense to adopt more energy efficient
technologies to reduce operating costs.
Its an issue that several operators
worldwide are pledging to address with
published commitments to cut carbon
emissions. Vodafone has said that by 2020
it will reduce absolute CO2 emissions by
50 percent against a 2006/07 baseline.

*1 International Energy Agency (IEA)

8 Expanding Horizons 1/2010

There are two clear reasons for grappling

costs. As energy prices go up, these solutions

with this issue, says Andy MacLeod, Director

become more compelling. And we also have

Group Networks, Vodafone. The first is cost.

to consider the CO2 reduction aspect which

Energy is our fourth biggest operating cost

can bias the decision towards an earlier

and we have seen energy prices rise

deployment in some markets. There is not a

dramatically over the last three years. We

single solution that is right for all markets.

have year-on-year targets to reduce these

If fresh government or regulatory incentives

costs, particularly the energy costs of base

were created in a market, for example, then

stations. Secondly, we are committed to our

I am sure we would see a speedier adoption

corporate social responsibilities with regard

of these technologies, MacLeod says.

to CO2 emissions and to complying with

tougher legislation on the issue.
We are very focused on reducing the

Smart control of energy

The technology deployed in the India trials

energy consumption of network equipment

uses a combination of solar power, wind

and finding sustainable ways of powering

power and diesel generators, coupled with

base station sites. This is particularly

advanced energy control and remote

important for off-grid sites and where the

monitoring. Typically such a recipe can

electricity supply is unreliable. In many

achieve a payback of two to three years.

areas the electricity supply is off as much as

it is on.

For the next few years this blend of

technologies is likely to be the most effective
solution. Remote monitoring and intelligent

India trials show the possibilities

control of the system to smartly manage the

A wide range of technologies and techniques

interaction of the different power sources

Andy MacLeod,

is being evaluated by Vodafone for reducing

on site, including battery charging and

Director Group Networks,

network energy consumption. Examples

discharging, are vital to optimize the costs.

Vodafone

include higher ambient temperatures for

We think there is a lot of opportunity here

equipment and batteries to reduce the need

and the Nokia Siemens Networks system is

for power-hungry air-conditioning;

one of the more advanced solutions we

mounting radio equipment directly onto

have seen. explains MacLeod.

antennas to reduce cable losses, and

Deploying ecologically-friendly networks

deploying so-called single RAN sites in which

involves some complex cost calculations to

all radio technologies (2G, 3G and LTE) run

make a business case that will win funding

on a single base station element.

from an operators top management who

Meanwhile, ongoing trials at two

must also consider many other areas of

Vodafone sites in India are proving the value

business investment. Often, says MacLeod,

of green technologies in helping the

the need to upgrade a site, to build more

operator to meet its site power supply aims.

capacity for example, will mean that an

Using Nokia Siemens Networks off-grid site

energy efficient solution is installed more

solution, the trials have reduced diesel oil

quickly.

consumption by up to 80 percent and

We are fortunate in that the need to

achieved further operational cost savings

reduce CO2 emissions and be more

through reduced site maintenance visits and

environmentally responsible, aligns with our

overcoming diesel theft. Network availability

business needs to reduce costs. Its a perfect

has also increased with fewer outages due

fit, concludes MacLeod.

As energy prices go up,

these solutions become
more compelling.
Andy MacLeod,
Director Group
Networks, Vodafone

to missing diesel.
The trials are helping us to understand
how we can engineer these solutions into
our network and to better understand the

1/2010 Expanding Horizons 9

People in emerging markets are rapidly embracing

mobile Internet browsing, paralleling the growth
seen in mature markets. Its a phenomenon that is
opening up business opportunities for operators,
beyond simply providing high quality access.

Surfs up.
The rising wave of mobile browsing

10 Expanding Horizons 1/2010

ts probably the simplest of all data

services to use. Its one of the most
powerful too. It can take you around the

day browsing.
The findings back up Nokias own

Director, Proxy Browsing Services, Nokia.

A key technology that enables the use of

research which shows that mobile browsing

handsets for Internet access is proxy

world, but still offers local insight. Its fun,

currently generates about 60 percent of

browsing. Proxy servers, typically run by an

yet its also a practical tool to help people in

smartphone data traffic worldwide. The

operator or third party, convert standard

their daily lives.

advent of mobile broadband and flat-fee,

web pages into content that is viewed

all-you-can-eat tariffs is further driving the

easily on most handsets. Kelm explains:

mobile browsing boom.

Todays web pages have become so large

Internet surfing is a fast growing trend in

emerging markets. A November 2009 report
from Informate Mobile Intelligence reveals

We are seeing a dramatic increase in

that India is now second only to the United

the popularity of mobile browsing in just

process the amount of data coming at them.

States for Internet browsing on mobile

about all emerging markets, especially those

With less powerful devices, browsing

phones, registering the second highest

in which an operator has been highly

becomes impractical. The proxy server

number of web page views using handsets.

aggressive in its pricing strategy. Whats

reduces the data payload by as much as

The telecommunications research agency

more, the trend is not restricted to high-end

90 percent. This means that a user with

says that mid-range and high-end handset

devices. People are using phones across the

even a modest device is able to open a web

users in India spend nearly 40 minutes per

range to browse, comments Andy Kelm,

page in seconds.

that even high-end handsets struggle to

The demand for services from the

Internet is clearly high and growing. With
search engines, global social networking
and content sharing portals topping the list
of the most accessed websites, what is the
role of the operator?

Revenue from added services

Operators are well placed to capture the
opportunities opening up, both in delivering
high quality access to the Internet and by
offering associated services to subscribers.
Data in emerging markets currently
accounts for a small proportion of overall
revenue, but there is enormous growth
potential. By tailoring services and pricing to
meet local needs and promoting mobile
Internet uses that impact real lives, there is
no reason why data revenue cannot grow to
be a significant source of operator revenues
within a few years. The opportunity is the
same as we have seen in mature markets,
says Kelm.

Briefly stated:
Mobile Internet browsing is rising
fast in emerging markets

People show similar online behavior

as mature market users

Operators can generate significant

revenue through added value services

Operators need the right

infrastructure to provide a superior
browsing experience

1/2010 Expanding Horizons 11

Mobile Internet
browsing services
have significant
growth potential as
another billion
people come online.

The prospects for operators go much

with personalized adverts. For example,

unwilling to let their children browse the

further than simple access. There is plenty of

an operator portal or online newspaper

Internet at all, thus depriving them of access

additional revenue to be gained from

could display different advertisements based

to useful and educational content.

providing add-on services such as advertising,

on end-users gender and age. Or a company

data storage, and parental control.

could sponsor branded browsing sessions,

A gateway to success

which would provide free access for users.

The most cost-effective way to provide such

Take profiled advertising. By using its

insights into its subscribers online

Similarly, a parental control service could

value added services cost-effectively, and to

behavior, their location or demographic

be implemented to help families protect

provide subscribers with a faster browsing

standing, operators can offer companies

younger users from undesirable content.

experience, is to install a browsing gateway.

the opportunity to reach mobile customers

Without such controls, many parents may be

The Nokia Siemens Networks Browsing

Gateway, for example, can provide up to four
times faster browsing, a halving of data
traffic across the network, and easy

What do people browse?

activation of personalized services.

A good illustration of the capabilities of

A Nokia Siemens Networks analysis of

The rise of sharing

a browsing gateway is an installation by

the browsing habits of people in ten

The importance of social interaction is

Hutchison Indonesia in 2009. As a challenger

emerging markets reveals remarkable

underlined by the presence of content

operator, Hutchison set itself the goal of

similarities to mature markets in the

sharing sites, demonstrating how much

providing its customers with the best mobile

services being used. The countries

being connected is about sharing things

browsing experience in the market. The

studied were India, Jordan, Kenya,

particularly content like online video.

browsing gateway was a key component of

Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Pakistan,

YouTube was featured on the lists of nine

its plans and helped the operator to achieve

Thailand, Ukraine and Vietnam.

countries while Wikipedia made it to

a ten-fold increase in browsing traffic within

those of six.

just six months. Furthermore, the customer

Search comes first

experience improved through a 70 percent

In most countries the major search

Going global, staying local

engines feature the most often in the top

Despite the popularity of the global sites,

In another instance, China Unicom

ten most popular services, showing that

eight out of the ten countries had a local

replaced an existing WAP gateway with a

people value being able to explore the

Internet portal or content site (typically

Nokia Siemens Networks Browsing Gateway

Internet on their own terms. Google is

with news content) in the top ten. The

and was able to make 50 percent savings on

dominant, with Yahoo and Windows live

demand for local content is also reflected

its radio and backhaul bandwidth with

making it into the top ten in most

in the search terms entered into Google

minimal impact on its operating costs by

countries.

in each country (source: www.google.

being able to use its existing WAP charging

com/insights/search/#). In a majority of

and business management systems.

reduction in failed connection attempts.

Yearning to belong

the countries surveyed, the name of the

Social networking sites (primarily

country itself or its main city was one of

significant impact in emerging markets over

Facebook) were also highly popular in

the most-entered search terms in Google.

the next five years. Another billion people

Also, it is worth noting that the big

will come online as devices find their way

all studied countries, topping the list in

Mobile browsing is set to have a

two. The Internet is clearly about

international sites that dominated the

into the hands of people in lower and lower

connecting people with their peers in

Internet usage in these countries, like

income brackets and services become more

these countries as much as anywhere

Google, YouTube, Yahoo or Facebook, are

affordable. We are still in the early stages

else in the world. At least two social

typically interaction platforms that lend

and the world isnt yet fully prepared for the

networking sites were on the list of

themselves readily to the consumption

services and business models that need to

each country, except for Vietnam, which

and distribution of local content or

be developed for these people. The next few

had only one.

communication with family and friends.

years will see a transformation in the way

that people think about the Internet in
emerging markets, believes Kelm.

12 Expanding Horizons 1/2010

The Internet

Global cooperation to create the rules

governing the Internet is helping to make
this powerful tool available and relevant to
more and more people worldwide

goes international
I

ts easy to think of the Internet as a

Other issues are being addressed by the

global phenomenon. Yet almost

international community, such as the

three-quarters of the worlds population

adoption of IPv6 to overcome the shortage

do not use the Internet. Although it

of IP addresses, new generic Top Level

connects all continents, obstacles hinder

Domains (gTLD) to expand the choice of

the Internets use by most people. While

digital identities, and DNS security to protect

improving
affordability
and access are
priorities, other
hurdles are
being tackled
by Internet
governance
bodies.

against online

The introduction of
non-Latin characters
represents the biggest
technical change to
the Internet since it
was created four
decades ago.

One barrier

attacks and other

threats.
Another step
came with the
September 2009
signing of the
Affirmation of
Commitments
(AoC), which

is language. With many people in emerging

commits ICANN to remaining a private,

markets having a poor command of written

not for profit organization. The AoC also

English, its vital that content is locally

declares that ICANN is independent and not

relevant and in the users own language.

controlled by any one entity.

While browsers now support many different

The affirmation underlines ICANNs

scripts, the issue of domain names in Roman

independence for the first time since it was

characters has remained, until now.

created with the assistance of the United

In late 2009, the Internet Corporation for

States Government, says Jonne Soininen,

Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

Technical Liaison Group representative at the

launched a fast track process for assigning

ICANN Board of Directors.

Internationalized Domain Names (IDN). Now,

nations can apply for Internet extensions

Joined-up governance

that use non-Latin characters.

The success of these initiatives depends

on the global cooperation of governments,

World languages online

industry and organizations. The United

The introduction of non-Latin characters

Nations body, the Internet Governance

represents the biggest technical change to

Forum (IGF), provides a platform for such

the Internet since it was created four

collaboration.

decades ago, said ICANN chairman Peter

The IGF is a conduit for discussion

Dengate Thrush. Right now, Internet

between countries. Successful Internet

address endings are limited to Latin

governance also needs to take into account

characters A to Z. But the Fast Track Process

all stakeholders interests. India, for

is the first step in bringing the 100,000

example, is making fast progress with a clear

characters of the languages of the world

understanding of the policies needed to

online for domain names.

support economic development, says

Six requests from countries representing

Africa 2%

Europe
22%
Asia and the
Pacific 41%
Americas
28%

Soininen. Along with mobile access and

three different languages were immediately

broadband capabilities, an Internet that is

made. The first was from Egypt, which wants

open to all is a key pillar in using ICT to

.masr as a new domain name written in the

support sustainable development in

Arabic alphabet. It translates as Egypt.

By region, Asia Pacific has

the highest number of Internet
users. Africa has the lowest.

emerging markets.

CIS 4%

Arab States 3%

Source: IGF http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/2009/

sharm_el_Sheikh/media/FS-Worldwide.doc

1/2010 Expanding Horizons 13

Small mobiles, micro-businesses,

macro benefits

Tiny enterprises are the powerhouse of many

emerging market economies. Entrepreneurs
are using mobiles as a daily business tool to
boost profits and cut costs

and communications technology (ICT) can

on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

use SMS for accuracy and proof of an

boost an enterprises productivity and

report, one in four mobile subscribers in

agreement, explains Jussi Impi, Head of

profits. In Thailands manufacturing sector

the United Republic of Tanzania use their

Nokia Research Africa (NoRA). As always,

for example, companies using computers

devices for business, while a majority of

the adoption of services is very cost sensitive

had, on average, ten times higher sales per

microentrepreneurs in Egypt and South

in Africa. People even calculate how many

employee than those without computers.

Africa say that mobiles had helped boost

words they can say in a voice call for the

Yet in emerging markets the share of firms

profits. Mobile phones are brought into play

same price as sending an SMS.

that use at least one computer for business

to conduct sales and purchases, negotiate

Cost is one reason behind a growing

remains relatively low, especially among

smaller companies and in rural areas. *1

prices, manage customer relationships and

interest among some African entrepreneurs

reduce the need to travel.

in the use of mobile email for business

t should be no surprise that information

According to a United Nations Conference

Instead, it is mobile communication that

such as dates, costs or quantities, then they

communications. According to Impi, email

has become the foremost ICT tool for the

The convenience of mobile

is seen as free communications, as well as

small businesses and microenterprises that

In Africa, people use voice as a convincing

allowing documents, such as receipts and

dominate the emerging market business

and trusted tool. They want to hear

delivery notes, to be sent. Email is

landscape. Mobiles are used every day by

customers talking to be able to gauge their

considered to be more reliable and more

tiny enterprises for conducting business.

sincerity. But when numbers are involved,

professional than SMS, he says.

14 Expanding Horizons 1/2010

However, the use of SMS is being

However, life for African entrepreneurs

reports that even sensitive issues regarding

explored for wider purposes such as

is getting tougher. The initial benefit of

licensing and other business governance

marketing. While the technique is already

being first with mobile communications

aspects are beginning to find a wider

established in India, it is just coming to

erodes in time as rivals join the party and

audience. People are using their mobiles to

Africa. SMS marketing is unproven, sales can

the local market becomes saturated.

listen to radio chat shows and then calling in

be generated, but it needs to be used

Furthermore, Africas population has just

anonymously with their opinion. Traditional

sensitively to avoid becoming intrusive.

passed the 1 billion milestone. The continents

media outlets like newspapers are reporting

the discussions, enabling them to cover

More advanced services needed

population is growing by about 24 million

per year, and will double by 2050. *2

There has also been a rapid growth in

This is creating a massive growth in

issues they would not normally be able to

address because of censorship.

mobile banking services, enabling small

entrepreneurship and much tougher

businesses without a bank account to

markets, particularly in urban areas. The use

features in mobiles to help small businesses

transfer money. Moving towards a cashless

of more advanced services to reach larger

grow, says Impi. But not all problems

economy through the use of mobile

markets can help to offset the increased

can be solved by the mobile alone.

payment is convenient and has the potential

competition. Plus, strong African social

Education, governance, infrastructure and

to reduce crime and corruption.

networking provides a lot of peer support

basic functions within societies need to be

to help people to make the most of the

improved. When looking at the micro-

possibilities, comments Impi.

economics of tiny enterprises, we need to

Clearly there are huge benefits to

microenterprises using mobile
communications. Impi says that African

Communications and affordable access

Clearly there is demand for richer

also recognize the macro-economics in order

entrepreneurs themselves estimate a growth

to information also has the power to help

to understand how sustainable growth can

in income of between 20 and 75 percent,

change the business environment. Impi

be achieved.

with the first adopters gaining a strong

competitive advantage.

*1 UNCTAD Information Economy Report 2009

*2 2009 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau

1/2010 Expanding Horizons 15

The digital divide has been talked

about for years. But how well is
the world doing in closing the
gap? Despite the huge success of
mobile communications, when it
comes to broadband Internet
access, the picture is not so rosy

Is the world

divided by
broadband?
W

hen it comes to broadband

Internet access. A person in a developed

access to the Internet, it seems

country is eight times more likely to be a

that the gap between the

broadband user than someone in an

International Telecommunication Union

emerging market.

(ITU) there were about 4.6 billion mobile

haves and have-nots is as wide as ever.

The stunning rise in mobile communications
across emerging markets has yet to be

Why does the digital divide in broadband

Internet use remain so wide?

matched by the growth in Internet use.

At the end of 2009, according to the

subscriptions worldwide, with many

countries enjoying penetration well above
100 per 100 inhabitants. Mobile growth

A recent report by the United Nations

Mobile growth continues apace

Conference on Trade and Development

To find some answers, lets wind

(UNCTAD) claims that more than half of the

back a few years. In 2003, the least

population in developed markets is now

developed markets typically had a

online, compared to just 15 percent in

mobile penetration of two per

emerging markets.

100 inhabitants. In 2008, that

The report also says that the gulf

surged from 54 million to almost 350 million.

figure had shot up to 20 per

between mature and emerging markets is

100 inhabitants. In those same five

widening when it comes to broadband

years, Africas mobile subscriptions

remains strong despite the global economic

Australia, a country with

21 million inhabitants,
has more broadband
subscribers than the
whole of Africa

Africa where the divide becomes a chasm

Africa lags other regions in Internet
use and even more in broadband

broadband subscriptions.
Furthermore, 14 of the worlds 20 most

pay less than 13 US dollars in Egypt and

Tunisia.

connectivity. Most other emerging

expensive countries for broadband fees

markets boast a broadband penetration

are in sub-Saharan Africa. Even within

the roll out of broadband to areas with

ten times higher than Africas. Africas

Africa, the price divide is huge. According to

low connectivity are required. Making

broadband use is also very concentrated,

ITU data, monthly access to broadband

significant progress in Africa will require

with five countries (Algeria, Egypt,

services costs on average more than 1,300

cooperation between the national

Morocco, South Africa, and Tunisia)

US dollars in Burkina Faso, the Central

governments, the donor community,

accounting for 90 percent of all

African Republic and Swaziland. Subscribers

and the private sector.

16 Expanding Horizons 1/2010

UNCTAD says that measures targeting

downturn. India registered almost 100 million

146

136

123

105

116

169

150

135

Lithuania

124

Antigua and
Barbuda*

121

Uruguay

117

Trinidad and
Tobago*

143

Romania

178

Serbia

142

Latvia

120

Penetration 2008

Dominica*

132

Oman

138

Argentina

190

Transition

Saint Kitts
and Nevis*

203

Developed

United
Arab Emirates

140

Developing

Ukraine

with 21 million inhabitants, has more

235

Bulgaria

is stark. For example, Australia, a country

160

Russian
Federation

180

broadband, dubbed the broadband divide,

Maldives

In contrast, the digital divide for

The 20 most dynamic economies in terms of increased

levels of mobile penetration, 20032008

Qatar

seven months of 2009.

Bahrain

new mobile subscriptions during the first

broadband subscribers than the whole of

Africa. A person in a developed country is on
average at least 200 times more likely to

120
100

enjoy high-speed access to the Internet than

someone in a least developed country.

80

When we look at the different information

20

and communications technologies (ICT) we

see a narrowing of the gap between mature

and emerging markets in fixed telephony,

mobile telephony and narrowband Internet
access. But in broadband, the gap is
widening, says Torbjrn Fredriksson, ICT

Macao, China

40

Montenegro

60

Mobile broadband offers

a way forward

Source: UNCTAD, based on ITU and national data

Note: * 20032007 change. Mobile penetration: Number of mobile subscriptions per 100 inhabitants. The bars indicate the change in
penetration level 20032008. For example, in the case of Qatar, the penetration rose by 144, from 59 to 203 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants.

Analysis Section at UNCTAD.

But could the tide be turning? The fastest
broadband growth is found in large
emerging markets. China has already
become the worlds largest broadband

The 20 most dynamic economies in terms of increased

Internet penetration, 20032008

market. Yet many countries lack of fixed line

infrastructure remains a huge barrier.

60

71

Developing

Today there are more mobile broadband

subscribers than fixed broadband

Developed

Transition

Penetration 2008

50

subscribers, a trend that is likely to grow in

31

29

48

48

27

45

33

Kuwait

78

Czech Republic

60

Bahamas*

63

Bosnia and
Herzegovina*

57

Jamaica

Slovakia

32

Iran, Islamic
Republic of

Hungary

34

Saudi Arabia

52

Bermuda*

45

Macao, China

42

Saint Kitts
and Nevis*

35

Colombia

47

Antigua and
Barbuda

cost of ownership (TCO) fell. I expect the

50

Latvia

40

Mobile telephony spread rapidly as the total

Argentina

countries with poor fixed infrastructure.

30

costs for mobile broadband to reduce too,

encouraging greater use of mobile data,
comments Fredriksson.

Learning from others success

20

10

Common to these countries is market

liberalization and open competition among
operators. Its a critical ingredient for
ensuring sufficient broadband supply at

Barbados*

broadband penetration.

Republic of
Moldova
The Former
Yugoslav Republic,
Macedonia

countries in achieving greater mobile and

Andorra*

UNCTAD highlights the success of several

Source: UNCTAD, based on ITU and national data

Note: * 20032007 change. Internet penetration: Number of users per 100 inhabitants. The bars indicate the change in penetration
level 20032008. For example, in the case of Argentina, the penetration rose by 35, from 15 to 50 users per 100 inhabitants.

reasonable prices. Countries with higher

levels of education also tend to perform
better as using the Internet requires more

Fredriksson concludes by saying that

UNCTADs Information Economy Report

skills than basic telephony, believes

governments have a responsibility to

2009: Trends and Outlook in Turbulent

Fredriksson.

explore all broadband connectivity options.

Times can be downloaded from:

Improved broadband connectivity can help

http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/

environments should encourage operators

to achieve many economic and social

ier2009embargo_en.pdf

to share state-of-the-art backbone

development objectives, and governments

infrastructure, but this must be achieved

play a critical role by setting the terms for

while maintaining open competition.

broadband roll out.

We also recommend that regulatory

1/2010 Expanding Horizons 17

18 Expanding Horizons 1/2010

The global financial downturn has forced industrialized countries

into recession and slowed economic growth in emerging markets.
During recovery, it is vital that the right ICT policy and investment
decisions are made now to deliver social, economic and environmental
benefits for decades to come.

How ICT can help

beat the crunch

Briefly stated:
Despite the economic downturn,

he credit crunch has been called the

other hand, the downturn has created an

worst financial crisis for 80 years, the

opportunity to highlight the benefits of

most severe since the Great Depression

investing in ICTs as one of the most effective

in the 1930s. In its Global Monitoring Report

means of helping to achieve a sustainable

mobile communication has much

2009, the World Bank says that as many as

recovery and long term economic growth.

potential to help lift emerging market

90 percent of developing countries are

consumers out of poverty

exposed to the impact of the crisis, as they

Now is the time to take action

face slowing growth, high levels of poverty,

This is a time of heightened risk and

or both.

industry transition, but also a time of great

Global cooperation is essential to

make the most of the opportunity to use

In a May 2009 speech, UNCTAD Secretary-

opportunity for the ICT industry. This is a

ICT to achieve sustainable growth

General Supachai Panitchpaki noted that

time when the ICT industry can really prove

When ICT services are used

the global crisis did not hit the developing

what a large and significant contribution

world rapidly, as it had the United States

it makes to fuelling economic growth

and Europe, but that the difficulties facing

and driving economic recovery, claimed

less-advanced economies have been

Dr Hamadoun I. Tour, ITU Secretary-General

gradually emerging and penetrating the

in a speech in May 2009.

effectively, business productivity rises,

public services are more efficient and
consumers gain more value

Mobile technologies are greener.

Handsets and network infrastructure

make significant contributions to
emissions reduction

developing economies through various

There is little doubt that ICTs, especially

mobile communications, contribute to

means.
Although the Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) sector has

economic growth. For example, a recent

Vodafone Policy Paper showed that Indian
states with high

fared better
than most
industries
through the
crisis, it is
clear that
operators are

Todays big issues,

such as the economic
slump or climate
change, are no
respecters of borders.

facing greater

mobile penetration
rates grew faster
than those states
with lower
penetration rates,
enjoying an average
of 1.2 percentage

challenges in accessing capital and financing

points more growth per year for every 10

their network investments, slowing plans to

percent increase in penetration.

roll out next generation networks and offer

enhanced services to consumers. On the

There have been many such projects that

aim to promote development through ICT.

1/2010 Expanding Horizons 19

A decade of ICT growth driven by mobile technologies

Per 100 inhabitants
80
Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions

An estimated 4.6 bn
subscriptions globally
by the end of 2009

Internet users

70

67.0

Fixed telephone lines

60

Mobile broadband subscriptions

Fixed broadband subscribers

50

For example, Nokia Siemens Networks

40

recently announced a partnership with the

International Telecommunication Union

30

25.9

(ITU) to extend mobile coverage to some of

the Pacific islands for the first time using the

20
17.8
9.5

Village Connection solution.

Such initiatives need to be

10

7.1

complemented by a global perspective,

believes Anne Larilahti, Head of
Environmentally Sustainable Business (ESB)
at Nokia Siemens Networks. Todays big

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009*

Source: ITU World Telecommunication / ICT Indicators Database.

* Estimates

issues, such as the economic slump or

climate change, are no respecters of borders.
Governments need to think beyond national
boundaries. To build a global ecosystem
that will deliver a sustainable growth path,
we need to look at the wider implications

About 86 percent of an
operators energy is used
by the network

Access to ICT can help to change things.

New ways of doing business will be
important in closing the gap, but it will take

of our actions and how all nations can

more than that. Businesses, NGOs and

contribute and support wider societal goals.

governments all need to work together to

Planning for growth over a longer timescale

build a sustainable 21st Century ICT

is also important, with timeframes of 20, 30

infrastructure. Multi-party co-operation will

Mast sites
65%

or even 50 years taken into consideration.

promote the transfer of knowledge to

What can governments do now to use

emerging markets. This promises to provide

ICT to stimulate economic recovery and

major opportunities for innovative

create a suitable environment for growth?

businesses, as well as benefiting society as

The ITU suggests measures such as changing

legislative policies to be friendly toward
ICTs, making it easier for business and

a whole, says Larilahti.

Switch sites
21%

Corporate
sites 12%

universal access to the Internet by investing

in broadband, and encouraging technology

Mobile plays the efficiency card

Investments in ICTs must also take full

consumers to invest in ICTs, providing

Maintenance vehicles 1%

Retail 1%

Source: ABI Research

account of another behemoth of the

headlines climate change. Once again,

innovation. Countries that spend

ICT is well placed in helping the world to

strategically today will find themselves more

achieve environmental sustainability.

The ICT sector is in a unique position to

competitive tomorrow, the ITU says.

technology innovation can help bridge the

cut global emissions by up to 15 percent

Making connectivity more useful

social and digital divide and deliver

by 2020 by enabling consumers and other

Reaping the benefits of ICT is about more

sustainable development in terms of

businesses to save energy. While the

than just providing the basic infrastructure.

society, the economy and the environment.

industrys own carbon footprint will almost

The full benefits of ICT are realized only

In emerging markets, innovative mobile

double, it will enable wider cuts that

when consumers, businesses and

communications is helping to break down

outstrip its own footprint five times over,

governments use the services being offered,

the inefficiencies that make it so expensive

according to a McKinsey and Climate Group

and do so on a significant scale. Using ICT

to be poor. A lack of choice, competition and

study for the Global e-Sustainability

effectively not only boosts business

the physical distances involved often mean

Initiative.

productivity, but also improves the efficiency

that poor people end up paying more than

of public services and delivers value for

rich people for the same products and

communications in emerging markets will

consumers.

services, for example, by being unable to

make a huge contribution here. The practical

buy goods in bulk to get cheaper prices.

benefits of being able to communicate

In other words, ICT business and

20 Expanding Horizons 1/2010

The widespread availability of mobile

where it has not been possible before will

GSMA predicting that up to half will be

the world. Emerging market populations in

help individuals and businesses to reduce

powered by renewable energy.

particular have much to gain from ICT

investment and innovation. Mobility is

emissions, for example by making travel

Act now, benefit forever

becoming a catalyst for a more innovative

Clearly, the ICT industry has a central role to

and more sustainable society. Media,

emerging markets continuing to grow at

play in helping to overturn the protracted

advertising, services for agriculture, banking,

staggering rates, energy efficiency is critical.

downturn that the global economy finds

health-care and education are reaching

Not only are more efficient handsets

itself in, but also in creating long-term

more people, allowing for a new and

becoming widely available, but new network

growth for the benefit of countries across

sustainable growth and prosperity.

unnecessary in many instances.

With mobile communications in

technologies are being developed.

Some 86 percent of a mobile operators
energy consumption occurs in the radio
network, and vendors have been developing

A question of priorities

base stations with this in mind. For example,

the Flexi Multiradio Base Station from

In its October 2009 report Confronting

stronger marginal impacts of ICT

Nokia Siemens Networks already offers the

the Crisis: ICT Stimulus Plans for Economic

investments on supply and productivity.

lowest energy consumption on the market,

Growth the ITU warns that emerging

but still the company is committed to

markets need to set ICT as a higher

may be neglecting a great development

reducing the power consumption of its base

priority for investment than has been the

opportunity of the economic benefits

stations by a further 40 percent by 2012.

case in the past. The report says:

broadband infrastructure can bring.

Using less energy also makes it more

To date, stimulus plans in developing

In this respect, developing countries

If industrialized countries forge ahead

practical to rely on renewable power, such

countries have tended to focus on other,

with state-subsidized investments in

as wind or solar, making it easier for

more urgent needs in housing, sanitation

high-bandwidth networks, developing

operators to provide coverage beyond the

and transport infrastructure and may

countries may again find themselves

reach of the conventional power grid. An

have failed to prioritize ICT infrastructure

on the wrong side of a growing digital

estimated 75,000 off-grid sites will be built

to a large degree, missing out on the

divide.

each year in emerging markets through

2012 (GSMA Development Fund), with the

1/2010 Expanding Horizons 21

The entrepreneurial spirit is alive and kicking

across emerging markets. But aspiring
innovators need the right support to take their
ideas to commercial success.

From inspiration

to prosperity
I

nnovation is the lifeblood of the

advice, business services and technical

entrepreneur. Its essential to the

equipment that developers need.

competitiveness of enterprises and the

Emerging market users see their

wellbeing of nations. Yet, while budding

mobile phones as a tool to help them work,

entrepreneurs in developed markets enjoy

live and communicate more effectively.

widespread support, their emerging market

This program will enable the development

counterparts are not so fortunate.

of demand-driven applications by

Emerging markets are full of extremely

entrepreneurs for emerging markets by

enthusiastic and capable people with new

helping them launch and scale their business

ideas and the drive to become entrepreneurs.

ideas, says Hinkkanen.

But they face many barriers and little

The Program will also support the

support to help them get on their feet,

creation of business incubators in Belarus,

says Jussi Hinkkanen, Head of Government

Cambodia, Georgia, Mozambique, Nepal,

Relations for Middle East and Africa at

Tanzania, Ukraine and Vietnam. In Cambodia

Nokia. Tertiary education is often not

and Vietnam, the emphasis will be on

aligned with industrys needs; little financial

enabling women entrepreneurs.

or business support exists for young

entrepreneurs; access to wider markets is

The role of networking

difficult; and experienced peer advice is

The importance of peer contact is as

minimal. There are few role models to look

important as more formal support, says

up to, particularly in the ICT Sector.

Hinkkanen. Giving local developers the

chance to meet up regularly helps them to

Emerging markets
are full of extremely
enthusiastic and
capable people with
new ideas

Focus on mobile apps

learn from one another and form shared

To help address the shortfall in support for

communities of practice. The value of this

entrepreneurs, Nokia has joined the World

kind of social networking has been proven

Banks infoDev and the Finnish Ministry for

by the Mobile Monday community which has

Foreign Affairs in an initiative to build the

become a global phenomenon in recent

competitiveness of small businesses in

years. We want to replicate this formula in

Africa, Asia and the transition economies of

our target markets, enabling local

Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia

entrepreneurs to meet and gain access to

(EECCA). The program, which kicked off in

the latest mobile application information.

December 2009, aims to help entrepreneurs

beyond the demands of corporate social

and grow their business, and enable them to

responsibility. We are seeing a growing

access foreign markets.

trend in emerging markets of private

The program will also seek to help local

22 Expanding Horizons 1/2010

Encouraging entrepreneurship goes

in the agribusiness and ICT sectors to start

enterprises wanting to support local

developers create mobile applications that

innovation and socioeconomic development

deliver consumer and business services.

because in the long run it helps to open up

Three mobile application labs, one in each

markets for all stakeholders, says

region, will be established to provide the

Hinkkanen.

Move over computer,

the mobile is here

The idea that the personal computer is the best way to deliver data
services is being challenged like never before. Mobile devices have far
more potential to bring lower income people online in rural areas

n 1943, IBM founder Thomas Watson

poorer households (those with an income

applications enable the use of new services

allegedly stated: I think there is a world

of less than two US dollars per day) in

over the Internet, including financial

market for maybe five computers.

Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, and is

transactions, advanced communications and

Whether or not Watson actually said this,

about to catch up with TV. In contrast, the

remote computing. And more sophisticated

it was probably true at the time.

computer has an insignificant presence in

devices are finding their way into the hands

households across Asia.

of the most financially challenged consumers.

estimates that more than a quarter of the

Mobiles connect the poorest

Services where needed

worlds population, or 1.9 billion people,

According to ICT policy think tank LIRNEasia,

There is a thriving market in used mobiles.

can access a computer at home. The personal

the evidence shows that mobiles, not

We know of people trading up handsets six

computer has traditionally been the dominant

computers, have the best potential to deliver

or seven times in two years. The mobile

means for using online data services. This

services to rural areas in the Indo-Gangetic

phone is the most sold item on CellBazaar,

has led to Internet kiosks being set up

Plain, the worlds largest concentration of

says Samarajiva.

widely to bring services to people without

poor people.

How times change. Today, the

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

CellBazaar is an online marketplace

This is the hardest case. What works

their own computer, especially in emerging

available to Bangladesh operator

here will work everywhere, says Rohan

Grameenphones customers to buy and sell

Samarajiva, Chair and CEO, LIRNEasia.

goods via mobiles. Its a perfect example of

plan again. With 4.6 billion mobile

Mobile networks will provide the key

a service being delivered effectively to an

subscriptions at the end of 2009, the mobile

connectivity, especially as we see handsets

audience beyond the reach of computers.

is the most rapidly adopted technology in

becoming more advanced.

markets.
The 21st century is changing the game

Another service better delivered by

More capable mobiles and innovative

history. It has even overtaken radio in

mobile is agricultural information, via Nokia

Life Tools for example. The information is
available when and where people need it,
rather than in distant kiosks with restricted

Household access to ICTs (% of lower income households)

hours. People are becoming more aware of

TV

Phone

Radio

Computer

the possibilities of data services, especially

80

68

77

75

64

52

63

39

explains.
He concludes: We see a tremendous

38

need. Services must be relevant and suitable

28

24

for the small screen and must become widely

13
0
Bangladesh

among the younger age groups, Samarajiva

64

50 52

50
41

70

12
3
Pakistan

Source: LIRNEasia Teleuse@BOP3, 2009

1
India

4
Sri Lanka

1
Philippines

Thailand

available. The mobile will be the primary

mode of accessing services. The change will
occur first in South Asia and Africa and then
spread to the developed world.

Mobile networks will provide

the key connectivity, especially
as we see handsets becoming
more advanced.
1/2010 Expanding Horizons 23

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Send your feedback to
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