Digital Signal Processing

Lab 8
Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters
After this lab you should be able to:
Derive transfer functions of Butterworth and Chebyshev filters.
Compute and plot the magnitude response of these filters.
Butterworth Filter:
Butterworth filter is a commonly used analogue filter. The
magnitude response of an nth order Low-pass Butterworth filter is
| H( jw ) |

1
1 ( w / w c )2 N
2

where wc is the cut-off frequency and is a constant (see class notes for details). The
Built-in function [num,den] = butter(N, wn,s) computes the numerator and denominator
of an Nth order Butterworth filter with cut-off frequency w n. For example, the transfer
function of a first-order Butterworth filter with wn = 1 rad per second can be computed as
[num, den] = butter(1,1,s);
printsys(num,den)
The magnitude response of the filter can now be computed as follows:
[y,w] = freqs(num,den);
y1 = abs(y);
plot(w,y1)

% generates frequency response vector y and a frequency

% vector w
% magnitude response of the filter

Exercise 1: (a) Use the built-in function hold-on or otherwise, compute the
magnitude response of first order (as computed above), second-order, third order
and fourth order low-pass Butterworth filter with dut-off frequency of 1 radian per
second. All plots must appear on the same graph paper. Print your Roll No. on top
of the graph paper.
(b) Find poles and zeros of all of the above filters and plot them (separate graph for
each filter) onto the s-plane.
(c) use on-line help to plot the magnitude response of a normalized first-order,
second-order and third-order high-pass Butterworth filter.
(d) Repeat (c) for a band-stop Butterworth filter. Choose a range of frequencies
(to be stopped) on your own choice.
Chebyshev Filter: As discussed in the class, there are two types of low-pass chebyshev
filters: Type1 chebyshev filter and type2 chebyshev filter. The MATLAB built-in
functions cheby1.m and cheby2.m implement these filters.
The transfer function of a low-pass type1 chebyshev filter of order 1 with cut off
frequency of 1 radian per second and a ripple of 0.5 dB in passband can be determined as
follows:

[num,den] = chebyshev1(1,0.5,1,s);
disp(The Transfer Function of the filter is)
printsys(num,den)
The magnitude response of the filter can be obtained as
[y,w] = freqs(num,den);
y1 = abs(y);
plot(w,y)
Exercise 2 (a) Sketch the magnitude and phase response of a first-order, secondorder, third-order and fourth order type1 lowpass chebyshev filter with passband
edge frequency of 10 radians per second and passband ripple of 5 db. Investigate the
effect of changing order on the magnitude response of the system.
(b) Draw magnitude response of a third order lowpass type1 chebyshev filter when
the passband ripple is 0.5db, 1 db, 2 db, 3.5 db and 5 db. What is the effect of
changing passband ripple on the magnitude response.
(c) Sketch magnitude response of a third order band-stop type1 low-pass filter
which stops frequencies from 5 radian per second to 15 radian per second and allow
all other frequencies to pass.
(d) Plot magnitude response of a fourth order high-pass type1 chebyshev filter with
passband ripple of 0.5 db, 2 db, 3 db and 5db which rejects all frequencies below 10
radians per second.
Exercise 3: (a) Draw magnitude response of a first-order, second order, third order
and fourth order low-pass type2 chebyshev filter with pass band edge frequency of
10 radians per second and a pass-band ripple of 20 dB.
(b) Draw a high-pass type2 chebyshev filter which rejects all frequencies below 10
radians per second. Take a ripple = 20 dB.
(c) Sketch magnitude response of a third order type 2 band stop filter with passband
ripple of 20 db which stops frequencies from 10 radians per second to 20 radians per
second and allows all other frequencies to pass.