Lazarovici M Chronology Precucuteni Cucuteni Horodistea

71
New data regarding the chronology of the Precucuteni,

Cucuteni and Horoditea-Erbiceni cultures
Cornelia-Magda Lazarovici
Abstract: he chronology of prehistoric civilizations in Romania is even today a very important subject, because of the cultural
diversity, the great number of cultures, local groups or regional aspects, many of which are not always very well dierentiated or
argued in a plausible manner. In this paper we intent to present the state of art of the dating of the Precucuteni, Cucuteni and
Horoditea-Erbiceni cultures, latter called Gordineti in Bessarabia, all being part of the Cucuteni-Tripolye cultural complex.
Presented will be also some new information regarding relationships with other contemporary civilizations.
Keywords: chronology, radiocarbon, Romania, Neolithic
he chronology of prehistoric civilizations in Romania is even today a very important subject, because of
the cultural diversity, the great number of cultures, local groups or regional aspects, many of which are
not always very well dierentiated or argued in a plausible manner. New discoveries constantly bring new
material that has to be interpreted and the old one need to be reconsidered in some cases. Unfortunately,
the last twenty years show that there is no coherence in planning the excavations or investigating specically
those phases, or stages of the cultures, which are not very well known. Rescue excavations are currently on
the rst plan, omitting any organization of planned and targeted excavations. In a few cases at least some
money for radiocarbon dating was obtained.
he radiocarbon evidence
To start with, we have to emphasise the fact that there is no functional radiocarbon laboratory in Romania
so far. Just recently, eorts to establish such a laboratory started at the Iai University. In this situation, all
the dating is at the moment related, just as in the past, to eorts of individual colleagues and their contacts
with institutes and universities around Europe.
In this paper we intent to present the state of art of the dating of the Precucuteni, Cucuteni and
Horoditea-Erbiceni cultures, latter called Gordineti in Bessarabia, all being part of the Cucuteni-Tripolye
cultural complex. One has to remember that Tripolye culture consists of the phases A, B, C, that roughly
correspond with the three mentioned civilizations on the Romanian territory. he sites in Bessarabia were
originally ascribed by the discoverers to the Tripolye culture but many authors believe in the meantime
that through ceramic features they are much more related to Precucuteni-Cucuteni areas. herefore the
radiocarbon data from this area were analyzed together with the Romanian data (Table 1).
A complex analysis of these dates, involving radiometric results (radiocarbon, archaeomagnetism) as well as
relative chronological data was published in 1998 (Mantu 1998). Our colleagues, Cosmin Suciu and Sabin
Adrian Luca from Lucian Blaga Sibiu University, have organized a database of radiocarbon data, in which
the new radiocarbon information was included (Tables 1, 2). Most of the older radiocarbon dates (Mantu
1998), as well as the new one, were obtained from the following laboratories: Heidelberg thanks to Dr. B.
Kromer and through the kindness and nancial support of Prof. Dr. H. Hauptmann, Gliwice thanks to
Dr. A. Pazdur, Louvain, due to Dr. M. Otte, and in Berlin through the kindness of Dr. N. Boroka. Our
thanks for supporting these datings go to all mentioned colleagues.
For the three civilizations, Precucuteni, Cucuteni and Horoditea-Erbiceni/Gordineti there is 83 data (Fig.
17), eight of them having an error of over 100 years, reason enough not to use it anymore (Table 1). Dierent
materials were used for the dating purposes, including animal bones, human bones, charcoal and cereals. Some
data reects also the accuracy of the laboratory and the quality of the sample chosen for dating.
72
Fig. 1. Precucuteni II-III (P2, 3) data, ca. 48004300 Cal BC.
Fig. 2. Cucuteni A1-A2 data, ca. 46004000 Cal BC.
Fig. 3. Malna Bi, Cucuteni A2-A3, radiocarbon data.
73
Fig. 4. Cucuteni A3-A4 data, ca. 43004000/3900 Cal BC.
Fig. 5. Cucuteni A-B data, ca. 42003700 Cal BC.
For the Tripolye civilization, the situation is dierent. Here, there is more than 165 data available, including
eight with the same problem of an error of over 100 years. From the chronological point of view they
belong to the following phases (Table 2): Tripolye AII 1-2 = Precucuteni II = 7 data; Tripolye A III 1-2 =
Precucuteni III = 9 data; Tripolye A III3 = Cucuteni A1-A2 = 13 data; Tripolye A unspecied = 2 data;
Tripolye B I = Cucuteni A3 = 10 data; Tripolye B I-B II = Cucuteni A-B = 18 data; Tripolye C I = Cucuteni
B = 38 data; Transition between CI-C II = 2 data; Tripolye C II = Horoditea-Erbiceni/Gordineti =
59 data; Tripolye unspecied = 7 data. Many of these datings (132) were obtained from the radiocarbon
laboratory in Kiev. he materials used for dating include bones, cereals, charcoal, as well as organic materials
from the ceramic (Kovalyukh et al. 2007).
Returning to our short analysis of the Carpatho-Dniestrian area, we see that there is only seven
radiocarbon data for Precucuteni (Table 1), six of them for Precucuteni III. Based on this, but also on the
74
Fig. 6. Cucuteni B data, ca. 40003500 Cal BC.
Fig. 7. Data of Horoditea culture, ca. 35003000 Cal BC.
relative chronology, our assumption eas that the Precucuteni culture evolved between ca. 50504600 calBC
(phase I-II: 50504750 calBC; phase III: 47504600 calBC).
Equally, the 70 radiocarbon data for Cucuteni culture does not cover evenly all the phases (Table 1):
Cucuteni A = 44 data [A1 = 2; A2 = 22; A2-A3= 9; A3 = 12; A4 = 6]; A-B = 7; B = 19. Based on this data,
we have estimated that Cucuteni evolved between 46003600/3500 calBC followinglys: phase A, 4600
4100/4050 calBC (A1: 46004550 calBC; A2: 45504170 calBC; A3: 43504150 calBC; A4: 43004050
calBC); phase A-B, 41003800 calBC; phase B, 38003600/3500 calBC (Mantu 1998). For HoroditeaErbiceni/Gordineti there is six data that proves evolution between 35003150 calBC (Mantu 1998, 183).
In this presentation we have used OxCal v.3.9 Bronk Ramsey 2003, that does not very much change
the estimations published previously (Mantu 1998, Tab. 7) Calibration of the data proves once more the
superposition of some of the phases. his might be related to the real evolution, but we also do not exclude a
too general cultural attribution of the sites. herefore, for the future, a more detailed analysis of the pottery
will be necessary, which is impossible now, since the archaeological material was not fully published yet in
75
Fig. 8. Traian-Dealul Viei, Precucuteni I, inuences

from Bugo-Dniester culture.
Fig. 9. hinker man, Trpeti, Precucuteni II-III,

inuences from Hamangia culture.
Fig. 10. Cosernia 1, Bessarabia, Precucuteni III, askos.
Fig. 11. Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru, Precucuteni III,

rhyton, southern inuences, Gumelnia.
Fig. 12. Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru, Precucuteni III,

clay boat with signs, southern inuences.
Fig. 13. Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru, Cucuteni A1,

askos, southern inuences, Gumelnia.

southern inuences, Gumelnia.

askos, southern inuences, Gumelnia.
76

Fig. 17. Costeti-Cier, Cucuteni A2-A3, three-mouthed pot,

Fig. 18. igneti-Cetuie, Cucuteni A3,

Fig. 19. Scnteia-Dealul Bodeti, Cucuteni A3, statue with

signs, shape with southern inuences.
Fig. 20. Hoiseti-La pod, Cucuteni A3, southern inuences,

Gumelnia.
Fig. 21. Hoiseti-La pod, Cucuteni A3, southern inuences,

Gumelnia (after Boghian 1997).
Fig. 22. En violon idols, various sites, southern inuences.
Fig. 23. Ariud, golden pieces from the hoard: saltaleoni,

southern inuences, Gumelnia (after Sztncsuj 2005).
77
Fig. 24. Scnteia-Dealul Bodeti, Cucuteni A3, pot-stand,

Fig. 25. Dumeti-ntre praie, Cucuteni A3,

import or southern inuences, Gumelnia.
Fig. 26. Trueti-uguieta, clay scepters, southern inences.
Fig. 27. Drgueni-Ostrov, clay scepters, southern inences

(after Marinescu-Blcu, Bolomey 2000).
Fig. 28. Brad, Cucuteni A3, golden and copper artefacts

that prove Gumelnia inuences.
Fig. 29. Scnteia-Dealul Bodeti, Cucuteni A3, cup stand,

shape Zau III-IV or Petreti A, AB.
Fig. 30. Piatra oimului-Horoditea, Bodrogkeresztr

Pill-shaped handles shape, Cucuteni painting.
Fig. 31. Traian-Dealul Fntnilor, inuece Bodrogkeresztr

Pill-shaped handles (after Bem 2008).
78
Fig. 32. Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru,

Bodrogkeresztr Pill-shaped handles shape.
Fig. 33. Traian-Dealul Fntnilor, Cucuteni A-B1,

Bodrogkeresztr Pill-shaped handles shape.
Fig. 34. Miorcani, Cucuteni B, Trichterbecher shape.
Fig. 35. Brnzeni-Sieci, Bessarabia, Cucuteni B,

Trichterbecher shape.
Fig. 36. Crligi-Budile Blanarului, Cucuteni C shape.
Fig. 37. Feteti-La Schit, Cucuteni B1, Cucuteni C shape.
too many cases. A more thorough investigation of the selected sites clarifying those phases and stages not
represented enough until now (Precucuteni I, II, Cucuteni A-B1, A-B2, B1, B2, Horoditea-Erbiceni/
Gordineti) is also necessary. It is also necessary to use statistical analysis, to decipher the feature of every
complex or site and to make comparison between those related in time.
Relationships with other contemporary civilizations
We will now shortly present some new information regarding relationships with other contemporary
civilizations (Fig. 810). New archaeological research in Transylvania, as well as the re-evaluation of the
older ones, has proven that in the south-eastern part of this area, there are only Precucuteni I sites (Ciuc
Sngiorz, Eresteghin, Le); later on in the same area there are sites related with the Ariud group of the
Cucuteni culture (especially stages Cucuteni A1 and A2). We assume that the appearance of Ariud may
be related to a southern impulse here, similar to the one that determine the Petreti culture (Foeni group;
Lazarovici C.-M. - Lazarovici Gh. 2006, 544 with further bibliography; 2007, 2838).
79
Precucuteni I imports have been discovered in several sites of the Turda culture (Turda, Lumea Nou,
Pianul de Jos, Caol, Cauce) and of the Zau culture (the former cultural complex CCTLNIS, CCTLNZIS;
Gh. Lazarovici 2009), in its phases III-IV (Iclod, aga, Fundtura, Zau); Precucuteni imports have also
been discovered in Foeni complexes at Lumea Nou. he Foeni-group is assumed to be of southern origin,
related with Dimini, and it marks the start of the Petreti culture (Draovean 2004). Radiocarbon dates of
this group in Transylvania are at 46504500 calBC (Gligor M. 2007a; 2007b). Precucuteni II-III imports
have been attested in Petreti AB sites. Based on Turda discoveries, Precucuteni I is contemporary with the
early and middle Turda strata (Luca 1997; 2001a; 2001b; Luca et al. 2004).
New archaeological research in Moldova in the Precucuteni sites at Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru and
Isaiia-Balta Popii, indicate again a very strong relationship with southern areas, through Gumelnia. hese
relationships were proven by various sorts of pots (Fig. 1112) (Poduri: Monah et al. 2003, 159, 169; Isaiia,
askos: Ursulescu Tencariu 2006, 51, g. 14/3), anthropomorphic pots (Ursulescu Tencariu 2006, 33, g. 8/4,
pl. IX, 6), but also related to the appearance of sanctuaries (Trgu Frumos-Baza Ptule: Ursulescu et al. 2003)
and cult complexes (Poduri, Isaiia, with analogies at Sabatinovka, Ovarovo and respectively in Greece,
unknown origin: Idole 1985, 66).
New archaeological discoveries of the Cucuteni culture suggest strong relationships with the south,
namely with Gumelnia (Fig. 1328) (Maxim-Alaiba 1983-1984, 111, g. 26/1, 27/1; Boghian 1997, g. 1,
4, 6; Monah et al. 2003, 159, 169; Lazarovici 2008, g. 2/3-4), but also with Transylvania (Fig. 29, 3133)
(Mantu urcanu 1999, 92, nr. 141; O lume regsit 2001, 12; Bem 2007). New materials considered as
related to the Sredni Stog area (Skelanska culture: Rassamakin 2004, 216), named Cucuteni C ware, have
been published for several sites (Scnteia: Mantu urcanu 1999; Trueti: Petrescu-Dmbovia et al. 1999;
Cucuteni-Cetuia: Alaiba 2004; Alaiba Grdinaru 2001; Alaiba Vleanu 2001; Marinescu-Blcu Bolomey
2000, 104108, 126127), but the most spectacular are those from the Cucuteni B phaseinuenced by the
Cucuteni plastic art (Fig. 36). Relationships with the northern area, respectively with Trichterbecher culture,
are especially proven by older excavations (Fig. 3435), very few Cucuteni B-sites are investigated today.
To conclude with, the archaeological material from older or newer excavations, published in the past years
prove that the Precucuteni, Cucuteni and Horoditea-Erbiceni/Gordineti cultures had relationships with
most of all neighboring cultures. Relationships with the south, the west (Transylvania) and the east seem
to be stronger, when compared with the northern ones. With regards to the Cucuteni C ware we have to
note that some archaeologists believe that this sort of pottery might have been made also in the Cucuteni
communities (Marinescu-Blcu 1983, 126, note 45), under the inuence of the eastern communities. he
geo-archaeological analysis of the pottery will surely solve the problem in the future.
80
Table 1. Radiocarbon data of the Precucuteni, Cucuteni and Horoditea-Erbiceni/Gordineti cultures
ID Daten = Reference numbers in the Radiocarbon database at Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu
= Excavation square or area
PRECUCUTENI
ID
Culture
Daten
2558 Precucuteni
Phase
II late
Settlement
Region
LABNR
BP
Error
Description
2559 Precucuteni
III classical
2560 Precucuteni
III classical
2563 Precucuteni
III
Poduri- D.
Ghindaru
Poduri- D.
Ghindaru
Poduri- D.
Ghindaru
Rogojeni I
Ro
Bln-2804
5820
Ro
Bln-2803
5880
Ro
Bln-2782
5780
50 charcoal/wood
Ro
Bln-2426
5700
55 charcoal/wood
2562 Precucuteni
III
Trgu Frumos
Ro
Lv-2152
5830
100 pit, animal bone
2561 Precucuteni
III
Trpeti
Ro
GrN-4424
5530
85 charcoal/wood
2759 Precucuteni
III/Tripolye A (elements
Rusetii Noi 1
of transition to Tripolye BI
(Cucuteni A).
Md
Bln-590
5565
Observations
50 charcoal/wood
Literature
Mantu 1998, 246;
Mantu 2000, 100
Mantu 1998, 246;
Mantu 2000, 100
Mantu 1998, 246;
Mantu 2000, 100
Mantu 1998, 246;
Mantu 2000, 100
Mantu 1998, 246;
Mantu 2000, 100
Mantu 1998, 246;
Mantu 2000, 100
Kohl - Quitta 1970, 413; Mantu
1998, 246
150 wheat
100 from 1.20 to 1.50

m below surface of
Zemljanka 2.
CUCUTENI
ID
Phase
Daten Culture
2582 Cucuteni A1 (?)
2583 Cucuteni A1 (?)
2594 Cucuteni A2
2593 Cucuteni A2
2591 Cucuteni A2
3194 Cucuteni A2
2588 Cucuteni A2
2589 Cucuteni A2
Settlement
Poduri- D.
Ghindaru
Poduri- D.
Ghindaru
Poduri- D.
Ghindaru
Poduri- D.
Ghindaru
Poduri- D.
Ghindaru
Poduri- D.
Ghindaru
Poduri- D.
Ghindaru
Poduri- D.
Ghindaru
Region
LABNR
BP
Error
Description
Ro
Bln-2783
5690
50 charcoal/wood
Ro
Bln-2784
5680
60 charcoal/wood
Ro
Hd-15401
5575
35 J4, H66, -1,85m, charcoal wood
Ro
Hd-15324
5529
29 1992, I2, H66, -1,85 m, charcoal wood
Ro
Bln-2824
5500
60 H2B, charcoal
Ro
Lv-2153
5470
90 1990, human skull, F1,-1,55m
Ro
Bln-2802
5420
Ro
Bln-2805
5400
150 H2A, charcoal/wood

70 H2B, charcoal
Observations
Literature
Mantu 1998, 246;
Lszl 1997, 262
Mantu 1998, 246;
Lszl 1997, 262
Mantu 1998, 247;
Lszl 1997, 263
Mantu 1998, 247;
Lszl 1997, 263
Mantu 1998, 247;
Lszl 1997, 263
Mantu 1998, 247;
Lszl 2006, table 3
Mantu 1998, 247;
Lszl 1997, 262
Mantu 1998, 247;
Lszl 1997, 262
ID
Phase
Daten Culture
2592 Cucuteni A2
Settlement
Region
LABNR
BP
Error
Description
Observations
Hd-15039
5385
Ro
Bln-2766
5350
37 1990, Cassette A, burned cereals under

the human skull
80 H15, wheat
Ro
Bln-1751
5635
50 charcoal/wood
2584 Cucuteni A2
Mrgineni
Ro
Bln-1536
5625
50 charcoal/wood
2585 Cucuteni A2
Mrgineni
Ro
Bln-1534
5610
55 wheat
2586 Cucuteni A2
Mrgineni
Ro
Bln-1535
5485
60 wheat
3384 Cucuteni A2
Rusetii Noi
Md
Bln?
5470
100
3178 Cucuteni A2-A3
Malna-Bi
Ro
Gd-5858
5940
3179 Cucuteni A2-A3
Malna-Bi
Ro
Gd-5861
5880
2596 Cucuteni A2-A3
Malna-Bi
Ro
Hd-14118
5663
2597 Cucuteni A2-A3
Malna-Bi
Ro
Hd-14109
5497
3180 Cucuteni A2-A3
Malna-Bi
Ro
Gd-5860
5490
2595 Cucuteni A2-A3
Malna-Bi
Ro
Hd-15082
5407
60 Sector D, level I/II, under the platform

of H2
80 Level I/II, charcoal under the platform
of H2
42 S 1, Sector C, level I-II, charcoal from Maxim 1999, 133
the level, under the platform of H2
100 S1, Sector C, level II, charcoal from a
Maxim 1999, 133
posthole of H2, m. 10-11
80 Sector B, level I/II, under the platform
of H2
20 SII, level II, bone from fireplace 8
Maxim 1999, 133
2598 Cucuteni A2-A3
Malna-Bi
Ro
Hd-15278
5349
3181 Cucuteni A2-A3
Malna-Bi
Ro
Gd-4682
5420
150 Sector B, Cas. 1, level I, wood
3182 Cucuteni A2-A3
Malna-Bi
Ro
Gd-4690
4950
Leca-Ungureni
Hbeti
Preuteti -Halt
Scnteia
Ro
Ro
Ro
Ro
Bln-795
GrN-1985
Hd-14817
Hd-14701
5345
5340
5423
5388
Cucuteni A3
Scnteia
Ro
Hd-14792
5370
3386 Cucuteni A3
Scnteia
Ro
Hd-16700
5345
Cucuteni A3
Scnteia
Ro
Hd-16701
5205
100 Sector B, under platform of H2, level

I/II
100 wheat
80 charcoal
26 1978, S 1, Pit 1, -1,60 m, bone
18 S VIII, Cassette 1, Grave 1, -0,82 m,
child bone
26 S VIII, Cassette 1, Grave 1, -0,87 m,
woman bone
51 1992, Section VIII, 13, Pit 62, -2,25 m,
animal bones
63 1992, Section VIII, Cassette 1, 16B17C, -0,73m under the platform of H8
2590 Cucuteni A2
Cucuteni
Cucuteni
Cucuten
Cucuteni
A3
A3
A3
A3
40 S I, Sector C, level I, animal bone
Mantu 1998, 247;

Lszl 1997, 263
Mantu 1998, 247;
Lszl 1997, 263
Mantu 1998, 247;
Lszl 1997, 262
Mantu 1998, 246;
Lszl 1997, 262
Mantu 1998, 247;
Lszl 1997, 262
Mantu 1998, 247;
Lszl 1997, 262
Mantu 1998, 247
Ariud, after Maxim

1999, 133
A. Pazdur;
Lszl 2006, table 1
Lszl 2006, table 1
Mantu 1998, 247;
Lszl 1997, 263
Mantu 1998, 247;
Lszl 1997, 263
Lszl 2006, table 1
Mantu 1998, 247;
Lszl 1997, 263
Mantu 1998, 245;
Lszl 1997, 263
A. Pazdur;
Lszl 2006, table 1
Lszl 2006, table 1
Mantu 1998, 248
Mantu 1998, 248
Mantu 1998, 248
Mantu et al.1994, 94;
Mantu 1998, 248
Mantu et al.1994, 94; Mantu
1998, 248
B. Kromer
B. Kromer
81
Ro
2587 Cucuteni A2
Poduri- D.
Ghindaru
Poduri- D.
Ghindaru
Mrgineni
Literature
Settlement
Region
LABNR
BP
Error
Description
Observations
Literature
Scnteia
Ro
Gd-6387
6320
Cucuteni A3
Scnteia
Ro
Gd-4685
5750
Cucuteni A3
Scnteia
Ro
Gd-6388
5330
Cuconetii Vechi
Dumeti
Drgueni
Drgueni
Drgueni
Md
Ro
Ro
Ro
Ro
Bln-2428
Hd-19572
Bln-1060
Bln-1194
Bln-1195
5390
5280
5355
5205
5430
110 1989, Cassette 3, 3, H4, -0,60-0,70 m,

animal bone
110 1989, Section VI, 13, -0,62m, animal
bones
110 1989, Section VI, 14, -0,55m, animal
bones
60
27 S IX, m.37, Pit 7,-1,20 m, animal bone Excavation R. Alaiba
100 charcoal/wood
100 charcoal/wood
100 charcoal/wood
2841 Cucuteni A4
Putineti III
Md
Ki-613
5060
120 bone
2848 Cucuteni A4
Putineti III
Md
Bln-2427
5595
80 bone
Cucuteni A4
Putineti 3
Md
Lv-2156
5520
Cucuteni A4
Putineti III
Md
Hd-19441
5379
70 H3, Cassette 3, -1,70-1,80 m, charcoal/

wood
32 Pit house 4, -2 m; charcoal/wood
Cucuteni A-B1
Cucuteni A-B1
Brnzeni VIII
Cucuteni Dmbul Morii
Iablona
Iablona
Iablona
Md
Ro
Bln-2439
Hd-14761
5360
5426
65 charcoal/wood
24 1963, e-f, -1-1,10 m, animal bone
Mantu 1998, 249

Mantu 1998, 248
Ro
Hd-14544
5188
18 1961, 6-10, animal bone
Mantu 1998, 248
Ro
Hd-14831
4996
26 1961, Complex V, -0,20 m, animal bone
Mantu 1998, 248
Md
Md
Md
Le-1392
Le-1393
Le-4538
5990
4170
5250
60 wool
40 wool
75
Borziac 2009
Borziac 2009
Mantu 1998, 250
Mihoveni-Cahla Ro
Morii
Sofia VIII
Md
Hd-14710
5162
37 1981, S 5, Pit 5, animal bone
Mantu 1998, 250
Hd-19373
5163
B. Kromer
Hd-15075
Hd-14791
5065
4890
Cucuteni B2
Cucuteni B2
Cucuteni-Cetuia Ro
Mihoveni-Cahla Ro
Morii
Valea Lupului
Ro
Srata Monteoru Ro
36 Sounding II, Pit 1, -0,80-0,90 m,

excavation V. Bicbaev
charcoal wood from beam of a platform
19 1961, LIV, CI, animal bone
29 1981, S 5, m. 80-81, H8, animal bone
GrN-1982
Hd-18826
4950
4701
Cucuteni B2 late
Srata Monteoru Ro
Hd-19419
4481
Cucuteni
Cucuteni
Cucuteni
3389 Cucuteni
2606 Cucuteni
A3
A3
A3
A4
A4
Cucuteni A-B1
3394 Cucuteni A-B1
3390 Cucuteni A-B1
Cucuteni A-B1
Cucuteni A-B1
Cucuteni B1b
Cucuteni B1b-B2a
Cucuteni B2
Cucuteni B2a
Bln-2427 in Lszl
2006, table 3
A. Pazdur
A. Pazdur
A. Pazdur
B. Kromer
Mantu 1998, 248
Mantu 1998, 248
Mantu 1998, 248;
Lszl 1997, 263
Mantu 1998, 248;
Telegin et al. 2003, 462
Mantu 1998, 248;
Mantu 1998, 248
B. Kromer
Mantu 1998, 250

Mantu 1998, 251
60 wheat
Mantu 1998, 251
42 1952, Surface R, -1-1,45 m, animal bone Excavation I. Nestor, E. B. Kromer
Zaharia
33 1952, Surface T,-1,45 m, animal bones Excavation I. Nestor, E. B. Kromer
Zaharia
82
ID
Phase
Daten Culture
Cucuteni A3
ID
Phase
Daten Culture
Cucuteni B2 late
Settlement
2831 Cucuteni B
Cucuteni B
2833 Cucuteni B/ Tripolie
CI
Cucuteni B2/
Tripolie CI
Region
LABNR
BP
Error
Description
Literature
Srata Monteoru Ro
Hd-19573
4440
Lacul Soroca
Lacul Soroca
Vrvreuca XV
Md
Md
Md
BM-495
BM-494
Bln-2480
4940
4792
4990
Vrvreuca XV
Md
Bln-3190
4940
60
Mantu 1998, 251
Md
Bln-2430
5020
60 charcoal/wood
Md
Md
Bln-2431
Bln-
5165
5730
50 charcoal/wood
50
Mantu 1998, 251;

Mantu 1998, 251
Mantu 1998, 251
49 1985, inferior level, -0,90-1,16 m,

charcoal wood
47 1986, H5, Pit 5, -1,30 m, charcoal wood Excavation V. Bicbaev
54 S IV, H 6, Pit 8, -1,45-1,58 m, charcoal Excavation V. Bicbaev
wood
42 1986, H5, Pit 4, -1,23-1,50 m, charcoal Excavation V. Bicbaev
wood
2839 Cucuteni B/ Tripolie Brnzeni IV

CI
Cucuteni B
pleti 1
Cucuteni B
Drua
Cucuteni B2b
Hancui I
Md
Hd-19426
5106
Cucuteni B2b
Cucuteni B2b
Hancui I
Hancui I
Md
Md
Hd-18678
Hd-18936
5127
4884
Cucuteni B2b
Hancui
Md
Hd-17930
4938
25 1952, Surface R, Pit 1, -2 m, animal

bones
105
116
60 charcoal/wood
Observations
Excavation I. Nestor, E. B. Kromer

Zaharia
Mantu 1998, 251
(Zbenovici 1996, 202:

IGAN-712, 573050
BP)
Excavation V. Bicbaev
B. Kromer
B. Kromer
B. Kromer
B. Kromer
HORODITEA ERBICENI (GORDINETI) = TRIPOLIE CII

ID
Daten Culture
2623 Horoditea I
Phase
Settlement
Region
LABNR
BP
Error
Description
Observations
Ro
Hd-14785
4495
18 S. L., -1,50-1,70m, Pit 2, animal bone
2624 Horoditea II
Horoditea
Ro
Hd-15024
4377
21 1969, S. L., H1, animal bone
2625 Horoditea II
Horoditea
Ro
Hd-14898
4235
30 S. L., H1, animal bones
Horoditea
2816 Horoditea /Tripolie CII
Grumezoaia
Dancu II
Ro
Md
Hd-19528
Le-1054
4499
4600
24 Inhumation grave, human bones

60 Inhumation grave, charcoal
Md
Hd-17959
4621
Ro
Bln-4619
3919
95 1986, Surface IV, complex of firing pots Excavations V.

no.1, from the oven mouth, -1,06-1,23 Bicbaev
m; charcoal wood
48 1952, Surface Y, animal bones
Excavations I.
Nestor, E. Zaharia
3441 Horoditea HoroditeaHancui I

Erbiceni-Gordineti
Monteoru
I C2
Srata
Monteoru
Mantu 1998, 252;

Lszl 1997, 264
Mantu 1998, 252;
Lszl 1997, 264
Mantu 1998, 252;
Lszl 1997, 264
B. Kromer
Mantu 1998, 253;
Videiko 1999, 59; Telegin et al.
2003, 461;
B. Kromer
N. Boroffka
83
Horoditea
Literature
84
Table 2. Radiocarbon data for Tripolie culture
Tripolie A CII = Precucuteni - Cucuteni Horoditea-Erbiceni/Gordineti

ID
Phase
Settlement
Daten Culture
3370 Tripolie A II1/ Precucuteni Bernaevka
II
3368 Tripolie A II1/Precucuteni Bernaevka
II
II
II/III
II
3359 Tripolie A II1 / Precucuteni Bernaevka
II
Tripolie A II2/ Precucuteni Okopy
II
3373 Tripolie A III1/
Voronovytsya
Precucuteni III
Babin
Tripolie A III1/
Voronovytsya
Precucuteni III
Babin
Tripolie A III1 /
Grebenyukiv Jar
Precucuteni III
3366 Tripolie A III1 /
Grebenyukiv Jar
Precucuteni III
Sabatinovka 2
Precucuteni III
Sabatinovka 2
Precucuteni III
Alexandrovka
Precucuteni III
Alexandrovka
Precucuteni III
3361 Tripolie A/ Precucuteni III Timkovo
3377 Tripolie
3380 Tripolie
3381 Tripolie
A III3 / Cucuteni Korman

A1-2
A III3/ Cucuteni Korman
A1-2
A III3/ Cucuteni Korman
A1-2
Region
LABNR
BP
Error
Description
Observations
Literature
7400
65
Dnister
Burdo 2005, 82
7375
86
Dnister
Burdo 2005, 82
7317
56
Dnister
Burdo 2005, 82
7315
76
Dnister
Burdo 2005, 82
Ki-11475
6520
90 pottery
Dnister
Burdo 2005, 80
Ki-11472
6445
90 pottery
Dnister
Burdo 2005, 80
7076
69
Dnister
Burdo 2005, 82
7076
76
Dnister
Burdo 2005, 82
7069
80
Dnister
Burdo 2005, 82
7063
79
South Bug
Burdo 2005, 82
7036
95
South Bug
Burdo 2005, 82
7129
86
South Bug
Burdo 2005, 82
6875
89
South Bug
Burdo 2005, 82
Ki-11491
5930
80 animal bones
Dnister
Burdo 2005, 80
Ki-11492
5870
80 animal bones
Dnister
Burdo 2005, 80
Bln-3191
5700
70 charcoal
7106
83
Dnister
Sorokin 1991, 213; Patakova et al. 1989, 28;

Zbenovici 1996;
Burdo 2005, 82
U
U
Ki-6675
6270
55
Dnister
Burdo 2001, 6
Ki-6676
6225
60
Dnister
Burdo 2001, 6
ID
Phase
Daten Culture
2859 Tripolie A III3/ Cucuteni
A1-A2
A1-2
A1-2
Tripolie
Tripolie
2855 Tripolie
A III3/ Cucuteni
A1-A2
A III3/ Cucuteni
A1-A2
A III3/ Cucuteni
A1-A2
Settlement
Region
LABNR
BP
Error
Description
Observations
Korman
Ki-6225
6225
60
Dniester
LukaVrubleveckaja
LukaVrubleveckaja
Ki-6884
5905
60
Dnister
Ki-6884
5845
55
Dnister
LukaVrubleveckaja
LukaVrubleveckaja
Luka
Vrublivetska
6653
79
Dnister
Burdo 2005, 82
6724
76
Dnister
Burdo 2005, 82
Ki-6684
5905
60
Dniester
Burdo 2001, 6;
Ki-6685
5845
50
Dniester
6689
56
South Bug
Burdo 2001, 6;
Telegin et al. 2003, 462; Kotova 2007, 103
(Videiko 2004)
Burdo 2005, 82
A III3/ Cucuteni Luka

A1-A2
Vrublivetska
3378 Tripolie
A III3/Cucuteni
A1-2
A III3/ Cucuteni
A1-A2
Grenovka
Bernashovka
Ki-6681
6510
55
Dniester
2862 Tripolie
A III3/ Cucuteni
A1-A2
Bernashovka
Ki-6670
6440
60
Dniester
2857 Tripolie
Tripolie A
Sabatinovka 2
Ki-6737
6100
55
South Bug
2856 Tripolie
Tripolie A
Sabatinovka 2
Ki-6680
6075
60
South Bug
3387 Tripolie
BI/ Cucuteni A3
Berezovka GES U
Ki-7204
5710
60
3388 Tripolie
BI/ Cucuteni A3
Berezovka GES U
Ki-7203
5760
55
Tripolie
Ki-7202
5805
65
BI / Cucuteni A3 Polivanov Jar

BI / Cucuteni A Krasnostavka
U
U
GrN-5134
Ki-1204
5440
4700
70 charcoal
90 platform 1
Tripolie
Tripolie
BI / Cucuteni A
BI / Cucuteni A
Nezvisko
Nezvisko
U
U
Ki-11447
Ki-11446
5620
5605
Tripolie
Tripolie
BI / Cucuteni A
BI / Cucuteni A
Nezvisko
Nezvisko
U
U
Ki-11449
Ki-11448
5560
5505
100 11/4-11, pottery

60 S I/3a/pottery
(kistska=?)
100 pottery
100 10/D 22, pottery
Burdo 2001, 6;
(Videiko 2004)
Burdo 2001, 6;
(Videiko 2004)
(Videiko 2004)
(Videiko 2004)
Burdo - Kovaliukh 1999, 75; Tsvek - Rassamakin
2005, 187
Burdo - Kovaliukh 1999, 75; Tsvek - Rassamakin
2005, 187
Kotova 2007, 103
(Videiko 2004)
Mantu 1998, 248
Mantu 1998, 248;
Lszl 2006, table 3
Kovalyukh et al. 2007, 75
85
BI / Cucuteni A3 Sabatinovka 1
Tripolie
3190 Tripolie
Burdo 2001, 6;
Burdo 2001, 6;
Burdo 2001, 6 ;
2853 Tripolie
2861 Tripolie
Literature
Tripolie
3191 Tripolie
3192 Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
3396 Tripolie
3398 Tripolie
3397 Tripolie
3402 Tripolie
3401 Tripolie
3400 Tripolie
3399 Tripolie
Tripolie
3414 Tripolie
Phase
Settlement
BI-BII / Cucuteni Bilshiwci

A-B
Region
LABNR
BP
Error
Description
Observations
Ki-8086
5520
80
Veselyi Kut
Bln-2137
5180
65 Platform 2, charcoal Bug-Dnieper area
Veselyi Kut
Ki-903
5100
Kliev
(Klishcev)
karovka
Le-1060
5100
50
Ki-520
5015
105
Mantu 1998, 249
karovka
Ki-875
4830
95
Mantu 1998, 249
karovka
Ki-879
4710
130
Mantu 1998, 249
karovka
Ki-877
4690
80
Mantu 1998, 249
karovka
Ki-881
4620
100
Mantu 1998, 249
Ki-7207
5140
60 bone
Middle Dnieper
Tsvek - Rassamakin 2005, 188; Videiko 2005, 212
Ki-7205
5120
65 bone
Middle Dnieper
Ki-7208
5100
90 bone
Middle Dnieper
Ki-7206
5080
70 bone
Middle Dnieper
Ki-9623
4840
Middle Dnieper
Grygorivka
Ki-9749
4830
90 Ravine Khatye,
Dig 3, bone
Middle Dnieper
Grygorivka
Ki-9622
4800
Middle Dnieper
BII/ Cucuteni A-B Grygorivka
Ki-9624
4740
Middle Dnieper
BII/ Cucuteni A-B Miropole
Ki-874
5770
Bug-Dnieper
Mantu 1998, 250
CI/ Cucuteni B,
group Shipenitz
PL
Ki-8272
4940
BI-BII / Cucuteni
A-B
BI-BII / Cucuteni
A-B
BI-BII / Cucuteni
A-B
BI-BII / Cucuteni
A-B
BI-BII / Cucuteni
A-B
BI-BII / Cucuteni
A-B
BI-BII / Cucuteni
A-B
BI-BII / Cucuteni
A-B
BII/Cucuteni A-B
Grebeni
(Vasylyyn Yar)
BII/Cucuteni A-B Grebeni
(Vasylyyn Yar)
BII/Cucuteni A-B Grebeni
(Vasylyyn Yar)
BII / Cucuteni
Grebeni
A-B
(Vasylyyn Yar)
BII / Cucuteni
Grygorivka
A-B
BII / Cucuteni
A-B
BII / Cucuteni
A-B
Bilcze Zlote,
Werteba Cave
100 charcoal
90 Ravine Khatye,
Dig 2, pit, bone
90 Ravine Khatye,
Dig 3, floor with
charcoal
90 Ravine Khatye,
Dig 2, pit, bone
120 H4
80 level I
NW Ukraine
Literature
Bug-Dnieper area
Tkaczuk 2009, Cluj-Napoca

Mantu 1998, 249;
Lszl 2006, table 3
Mantu 1998, 249;
Lszl 2006, table 3
Mantu 1998, 249
Kadrow et al. 2003, 121
86
ID
Daten Culture
ID
Phase
Daten Culture
2828 Tripolie CI / Cucuteni B
Settlement
Region
LABNR
Evminka-1
Pekari II
Pekari II
Khutir
Nezamonyk
Ripnica VI
(Ripnitzia)
U
U
U
UCLA1671B
Ki-11486
Ki-11487
Ki-11490
Ki-11455
Ripnica VI
Ki-11457
BP
Error
Description
Observations
Literature
4890
60
4850
4805
4780
70
70
70
Middle Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
Videiko 2005, 212

Videiko 2005, 212
Videiko 2005, 212
90 2000, S 2, Pit 1,
pottery
Middle Dnieper
Videiko 2005, 212; Kovalyukh et al. 2007, 75
Middle Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
Videiko 2005, 212

Videiko 2005, 212
Middle Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
Klochko - Kruts 1999, 79, note 2

CI / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
3425 Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Ripnica VI
Ki-9745
4665
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Ripnica VI
Ki-9746
4620
3424 Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
Ripnica VI
Ripnica VI
Ripnica VI
U
U
U
Ki-9743
Ki-9744
Ki-11456
4605
4590
4580
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Ripnica VI
Ki-9747
4570
Tripolie
3413 Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
U
U
U
U
U
Ki-6867
Ki-6868
Ki-6865
Ki-6866
Ki-9616
4810
4780
4755
4720
4650
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Ki-11468
4630
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Ki-9614
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Talianki
Talianki
Talianki
Talianki
Ignatenkova
Gora
Ignatenkova
Gora
Ignatenkova
Gora
Ignatenkova
Gora
Ignatenkova
Gora
Ignatenkova
Gora
Ignatenkova
Gora
4760
4670
90 2000, S 2, Pit 1,
zrakok (=?) 3,
pottery
80 2000, S 2, Pit 1,
zrakok (=?) 2,
pottery
90 2000, S 2, Pit 1,
zrakok (=?) 2,
pottery
80
80
90 2000, S 2, Pit 1,
zrakok (=?) 2,
pottery
80 2000, S 2, Pit 1,
zrakok (=?) 3,
pottery
55 animal bones
60 animal bones
50 animal bones
60 animal bones
90 Kitski (=?)...,pottery
4590
90 Pit 16, zr.(=?) 2,

Middle Dnieper
pottery
80 Kitski (=?)...,pottery Middle Dnieper
Ki-9615
4570
Ki-9617
4530
Ki-9613
4520
Ki-11469
4520
80 Kitski tvarin
Middle Dnieper
(=?)...,pottery
90 Pit 16, zr. 3, pottery Middle Dnieper
87
Tripolie
Tripolie
3415 Tripolie
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
CI / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
CI? / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
CI / Cucuteni B
CI -CII/ Cucuteni
B/ Horoditea
CI -CII/ Cucuteni
B/ Horoditea
Settlement
Region
LABNR
BP
Ignatenkova
Gora
Ignatenkova
Gora
Ignatenkova
Gora
Ignatenkova
Gora
Ignatenkova
Gora
Khomyne
Ki-10857
4515
Ki-9618
4500
Ki-10856
4490
Ki-11469
Khomyne
Khomyne
Vilana
Zelena Dibrova
apaevka
apaevka
Maidaneckoe
Maidaneckoe
Evminka
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Evminka
Error
Description
Observations
Literature
90 R1,3, zr. 2,-0,56m, Middle Dnieper

fragm.pottery 3
80 Kitski (=?), pottery Middle Dnieper
4520
80 R1,3, zr. 2,-0,56m, Middle Dnieper

fragm.pottery 3
Ki-11467
4430
Ki-9741
4490
90
Videiko 2005, 212
Ki-9740
Ki-9742
Ki-11489
Ki-11488
Bln-631
Ki-880
Ki-1212
Bln-2087
UCLA1466B
UCLA1671B
4470
4390
4910
4720
4870
4810
4600
4890
4790
4890
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea Maiaki
Ki-870
4670
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Maiaki
Ki-9751
4600
2814 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Maiaki
Ki-282
4580
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Maiaki
Ki-11464
4530
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Maiaki
Ki-9752
4490
2812 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Maiaki
Ki-281
4475
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Maiaki
Ki-11465
4460
2811 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Maiaki
Bln-629
4400
80
90
70
60
100 charcoal
140 H1
80
50
100
Middle Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
60
100 charcoal, defensive
ditch
90 8;-1,07-1,24 m,
pottery
ditch
90 1970, Zrazok (=?) 2,
pottery
90 9;-1,36-1,61m;
No. 8370, pottery;
kistka(=?)
ditch
90 1970, Zrazok (=?) 3,
pottery
100 charcoal wood,
defensive ditch
Videiko 2005, 212

Videiko 2005, 212
Videiko 2005, 212
Videiko 2005, 212
Mantu 1998, 251
Mantu 1998, 251
Mantu 1998, 252
Mantu 1998, 252
Mantu 1998, 252
Mantu 1998, 252
(Mantu 1998, 252:

4670110)
Videiko 1999, 56-57

Pottery: Kovalyukh et Patakova et al. 1989; Videiko 1999, 56-57;

al. 2007, 77
Telegin et al. 2003, 461;
Pottery: Kovalyukh et Patakova et al. 1989;
al. 2007, 77
Videiko 1999, 56-57; Telegin et al. 2003, 461
Pottery: Kovalyukh et Mantu 1998, 252;
al. 2007, 77
Videiko 1999, 56;
Telegin et al. 2003, 461;
88
ID
Phase
Daten Culture
Tripolie CI / Cucuteni B
ID
Phase
Daten Culture
2809 Tripolie CII / Horoditea
Settlement
Region
LABNR
BP
Maiaki
UCLA1642G
4375
4375
CII / Horoditea
Maiaki
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Maiaki
UCLA1642B
Ki-11463
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Maiaki
Ki-11466
4360
2807 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Maiaki
Le-645
4340
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Maiaki
Ki-9753
4180
Tripolie
Maiaki
GrN-5126
3490
Tripolie
CII late /
Horoditea
CII / Horoditea
Gorodsk
GrN-5099
4615
Tripolie
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
CII / Horoditea
U
U
3457 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
3455 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
3454 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
3456 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
3453 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
3444 Tripolie
3443 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
CII / Horoditea
Usatovo
GorodnitsaGorodisce
Zhvaniets
Schchovb
Zhvaniets
Schchovb
Zhvaniets
Schchovb
Zhvaniets
Schchovb
Zhvaniets
Schchovb
Sandraki
Sandraki
GrN-5090
Ki-6752
Ki-11462
Ki-11459
Ki-11460
Ki-11461
UCLA1642A
Ki-11458
GrN-5088
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Vilkhovets
Tripolie
3442 Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
CII / Horoditea
CII / Horoditea
CII / Horoditea
CII / Horoditea
CII / Horoditea
CII / Horoditea
Gorodsk
Gorodsk
Usatovo
Usatovo
Usatovo
Usatovo
Usatovo
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
4370
Description
ditch
Observations
Pottery: Kovalyukh et Mantu 1998, 252;

al. 2007, 77
Videiko 1999, 56-57;
Pottery: Kovalyukh et Videiko 1999, 56-57; Telegin et al. 2003, 461
al. 2007, 77
ditch
100 Zrazok (=?) 1,
pottery
90 1970, Zrazok (=?) 4,
pottery
60 charcoal, defensive Mantu 1998,252:
ditch
434065
90 S.4-5, Kistka(=?),
pottery
35 charcoal
35
Literature

Videiko 1999, 56-57; Telegin et al. 2003, 461
Mantu 1998, 252
Mantu 1998, 253
4551
4495
4540
4520
4410
4350
4330
35 Bones
45 Shells
90 Room (=?) 5, pottery
60 Inhumation grave
Videiko 1999, 48
Videiko 1999, 48
Mantu 1998, 253;
Videiko 1999, 58
Mantu 1998, 253
4270
4615

35
Ki-6745
4530
Ki-6743
4480
Ki-6754
4380
50 Pit house 1, animal

bones
40 House 2, animal
bones
60 charcoal
Videiko 1999, 40
Ki-6744
4355
60 Pit house 6, bones
Videiko 1999, 40
Ki-6753
4290
Videiko 1999, 40
U
U
Ki-6747
Ki-6746
4210
4175
Ki-11450
4300
55 enbankment,
charcoal
45 3-7, bones, cavity
50 Bones on fireplace,
3-7
90 1993, Pit 1, sherds,
zrazok(=?)
Videiko 1999, 40
Videiko 1999, 40
Videiko 1999, 36
Videiko 1999, 36
89
Tripolie
Error
Settlement
Region
LABNR
BP
Vilkhovets
Ki-11452
4250
Error
Description
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Vilkhovets
Ki-10859
4240
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Vilkhovets
Ki-11454
4280
3448 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Vilkhovets
Ki-6925
4225
90 1993, Pit1, sherds,

zrazok (=?)3
90 1993, H1, sherds,
room 2
zrazok (=?)5
55 bones
3447 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Vilkhovets
Ki-6924
4205
50 bones
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Vilkhovets
Ki-10858
4190
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Vilkhovets
Ki-9754
4190
3445 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Vilkhovets
Ki-6922
4170
90 1993, H1, sherds,

room 1
80 1993, H1, sherds,
room 2
55 bones
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Vilkhovets
Ki-11451
4170
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Vilkhovets
Ki-11453
4130
3446 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Vilkhovets
Ki-6923
4165
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Vilkhovets
Ki-9625
4110
3452 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Troyaniv
Ki-6750
4430
3451 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Troyaniv
Ki-6749
4410
3450 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Troyaniv
Ki-6748
4360
3460 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Bilcze ZloteWerteba Cave
PL
Ki-8271
4800
3461 Tripolie
Bilcze ZloteWerteba Cave

Sofievka
PL
Ki-8270
4280
Tripolie
end of CII?/
Horoditea
CII / Horoditea
Ki-5012
4320
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Sofievka
Ki-5029
4300
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Sofievka
Ki-5013
4270
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Zavalivka
(Zavalovka)
Ki-5015
4290

zrazok (=?)
zrazok (=?)4
60 bones
Observations
Literature
Kovalyukh et al 2007, Videiko 1999, 50; Kovalyukh et al. 2007, 76

76: Pit 1, pottery
Kovalyukj et al 2007, Videiko 1999, 50; Kovalyukh et al. 2007, 76
76: Pit 1, pottery
76: Pit 1, pottery

76: Pit 1, pottery
80 1993, H1, kistka (=?)
sherds, room 1
45 S III, LV-B-7,
Videiko 1999, 41
House 25, bones
50 house, bones,
Videiko 1999, 41
XIII-19
55 House 28, bones,
Videiko 1999, 41
LXXII-2, S18
100 level II (Kosilovtzi
Kadrow et alii 2003, 121
group, imports of
Prut-Dniester)
90
Kadrow et alii 2003, 121
70 Grave 1, burned
bones
45 bones
90 Grave 11, burned
bones
90 Grave 6, burned
bones
Middle Dnieper,
cemetery
Middle Dnieper,
cemetery
Middle Dnieper ,
cemetery
Middle Dnieper ,
cemetery
Videiko 1999, 54;

Videiko 2005, 212
Videiko 1999, 54;
Videiko 2005, 212
Videiko 1999, 54;
Videiko 2005, 212
Videiko 1999, 54;
Videiko 2005, 212
90
ID
Phase
Daten Culture
Tripolie CII / Horoditea
ID
Phase
Daten Culture
Tripolie CII / Horoditea
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
3449 Tripolie
CII / Horoditea
Settlement
Zavalivka
(Zavalovka)
Krasny Khutir
(Khutor)
Krasny Khutir
(Khutor)
Krasny Khutir
(Khutor)
Tsviklovtsy
Region
LABNR
BP
Ki-5014
4230
Ki-5038
4280
Ki-5039
4160
Ki-5016
4140
Ki-6751
3960
Error
Description
Observations
80 Grave 10, burned

Middle Dnieper,
bones
cemetery
110 Grave 2, burned
Middle Dnieper,
bones
cemetery
90 Grave 98, burned
Middle Dnieper,
bones
cemetery
110 Grave 6, organic
Middle Dnieper,
deposit
cemetery
50 Burned bones, grave?
Literature
Videiko 1999, 55;
Videiko 2005, 212
Videiko 1999, 51;
Videiko 2005, 212
Videiko 1999, 51;
Videiko 2005, 212
Videiko 1999, 51;
Videiko 2005, 212
Videiko 1999, 43
Unclear, or without a specified phase

ID
Daten Culture
Phase
Settlement
Region
LABNR
BP
Error
Description
Observations
Literature
2858 Tripolie
2860 Tripolie
?
?
Voronovitsy
Okopi
U
U
Ki-6677
Ki-6671
6180
6330
60
65

2865 Tripolie
2866 Tripolie
2863 Tripolie
?
?
?
Grebenyukuv yar
Grebenyukuv yar
Babshin
U
U
U
Ki-6673
Ki-6165
Ki-6656?
6120
6165
6200
50
55
55

2864 Tripolie
2854 Tripolie
?
?
Grebenyukuv yar
Grenovka
U
U
Ki-6672
Ki-6683
6040
5860
65
45

91
92
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Dr. Cornelia-Magda Lazarovici

Institutul de Arheologie, Str. Lascr Catargi nr.18, Iai 700107, Romania
magdamantu@yahoo.com

Lazarovici M Chronology Precucuteni Cucuteni Horodistea

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71

New data regarding the chronology of the Precucuteni,

Fig. 1. Precucuteni II-III (P2, 3) data, ca. 48004300 Cal BC.

Fig. 2. Cucuteni A1-A2 data, ca. 46004000 Cal BC.

Fig. 3. Malna Bi, Cucuteni A2-A3, radiocarbon data.

Fig. 4. Cucuteni A3-A4 data, ca. 43004000/3900 Cal BC.

Fig. 5. Cucuteni A-B data, ca. 42003700 Cal BC.

Fig. 6. Cucuteni B data, ca. 40003500 Cal BC.

Fig. 7. Data of Horoditea culture, ca. 35003000 Cal BC.

Fig. 8. Traian-Dealul Viei, Precucuteni I, inuences

Fig. 9. hinker man, Trpeti, Precucuteni II-III,

Fig. 10. Cosernia 1, Bessarabia, Precucuteni III, askos.

Fig. 11. Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru, Precucuteni III,

Fig. 12. Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru, Precucuteni III,

Fig. 13. Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru, Cucuteni A1,

Fig. 14. Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru, Cucuteni A1,

Fig. 15. Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru, Cucuteni A1,

Fig. 16. Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru, Cucuteni A2,

Fig. 17. Costeti-Cier, Cucuteni A2-A3, three-mouthed pot,

Fig. 18. igneti-Cetuie, Cucuteni A3,

Fig. 19. Scnteia-Dealul Bodeti, Cucuteni A3, statue with

Fig. 20. Hoiseti-La pod, Cucuteni A3, southern inuences,

Fig. 21. Hoiseti-La pod, Cucuteni A3, southern inuences,

Fig. 22. En violon idols, various sites, southern inuences.

Fig. 23. Ariud, golden pieces from the hoard: saltaleoni,

Fig. 24. Scnteia-Dealul Bodeti, Cucuteni A3, pot-stand,

Fig. 25. Dumeti-ntre praie, Cucuteni A3,

Fig. 26. Trueti-uguieta, clay scepters, southern inences.

Fig. 27. Drgueni-Ostrov, clay scepters, southern inences

Fig. 28. Brad, Cucuteni A3, golden and copper artefacts

Fig. 29. Scnteia-Dealul Bodeti, Cucuteni A3, cup stand,

Fig. 30. Piatra oimului-Horoditea, Bodrogkeresztr

Fig. 31. Traian-Dealul Fntnilor, inuece Bodrogkeresztr

Fig. 32. Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru,

Fig. 33. Traian-Dealul Fntnilor, Cucuteni A-B1,

Fig. 34. Miorcani, Cucuteni B, Trichterbecher shape.

Fig. 35. Brnzeni-Sieci, Bessarabia, Cucuteni B,

Fig. 36. Crligi-Budile Blanarului, Cucuteni C shape.

Fig. 37. Feteti-La Schit, Cucuteni B1, Cucuteni C shape.

Table 1. Radiocarbon data of the Precucuteni, Cucuteni and Horoditea-Erbiceni/Gordineti cultures

100 pit, animal bone

100 from 1.20 to 1.50

35 J4, H66, -1,85m, charcoal wood

29 1992, I2, H66, -1,85 m, charcoal wood

90 1990, human skull, F1,-1,55m

150 H2A, charcoal/wood

37 1990, Cassette A, burned cereals under

3178 Cucuteni A2-A3

3179 Cucuteni A2-A3

2596 Cucuteni A2-A3

2597 Cucuteni A2-A3

3180 Cucuteni A2-A3

2595 Cucuteni A2-A3

60 Sector D, level I/II, under the platform

2598 Cucuteni A2-A3

3181 Cucuteni A2-A3

150 Sector B, Cas. 1, level I, wood

3182 Cucuteni A2-A3

100 Sector B, under platform of H2, level

40 S I, Sector C, level I, animal bone

Mantu 1998, 247;

Ariud, after Maxim

110 1989, Cassette 3, 3, H4, -0,60-0,70 m,