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PSTN Infrastructure
The architecture of today's PSTN is a direct
descendant of the original manned switchboards
of Alexander Graham Bell's day. Voice is
transmitted in one way: sampled in 8-bit bytes,
8000 times a second, for an aggregate rate of 64
Kbps. The entire telephone network is designed
around this rate and for this one type of traffic
(voice).
IXC
Telephone
IXC
LEC
LEC
IXC
IXC
Telephone
Packet Networks
Packet switching is a data transmission
technology in which data is assembled into
distinct digital "packets" with addresses that are
read by switches or routers as the packets are
received. The switches/routers forward the
packets on to the appropriate destination, but
there is not a dedicated circuit connection
between the two.
In fact, packets from a particular source may take
different routes to the same destination,
depending on varying network traffic conditions
and other factors. This type of transmission is
only half-duplex, or unidirectional, which can
easily lead to high delays between sending and
receiving. This type of network is highly
efficient for data, which can be read into memory
and reassembled at the destination.
Server
Concentrator
Router
Router
Router
Router
Router
Mainframe
Router
SS7/C7 Network
FDDI
LAN