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MobileappWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Mobileapp
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Amobileappisacomputerprogramdesignedtorunon
smartphones,tabletcomputersandothermobiledevices.
Appsareusuallyavailablethroughapplicationdistribution
platforms,whichbeganappearingin2008andaretypicallyoperated
bytheownerofthemobileoperatingsystem,suchastheAppleApp
Store,GooglePlay,WindowsPhoneStore,andBlackBerryApp
World.Someappsarefree,whileothersmustbebought.Usually,
theyaredownloadedfromtheplatformtoatargetdevice,suchasan
iPhone,BlackBerry,AndroidphoneorWindowsPhone,but
sometimestheycanbedownloadedtolaptopsordesktopcomputers.
Forappswithaprice,generallyapercentage,2030%,goestothe
distributionprovider(suchasiTunes),andtherestgoestothe
produceroftheapp.[1]Thesameappcanthereforecosttheaverage
Smartphoneuseradifferentpricedependingonwhethertheyuse
iPhone,Android,orBlackBerry10devices.
IconsformobileappsonaNexus4
smartphone
Theterm"app"isashorteningoftheterm"applicationsoftware".Ithasbecomeverypopular,andin2010
waslistedas"WordoftheYear"bytheAmericanDialectSociety.[2]In2009,technologycolumnistDavid
Poguesaidthatnewersmartphonescouldbenicknamed"appphones"todistinguishthemfromearlierless
sophisticatedsmartphones.[3]
Mobileappswereoriginallyofferedforgeneralproductivityandinformationretrieval,includingemail,
calendar,contacts,stockmarketandweatherinformation.However,publicdemandandtheavailabilityof
developertoolsdroverapidexpansionintoothercategories,suchaswordprocessing,socialmedia,picture
sharing,mobilegames,factoryautomation,GPSmappingandlocationbasedservices,banking,networking
andfiletransfer,education,videostreaming,ordertracking,ticketpurchasesandrecentlymobilemedical
apps.Theexplosioninnumberandvarietyofappsmadediscoveryachallenge,whichinturnledtothe
creationofawiderangeofreview,recommendation,andcurationsources,includingblogs,magazines,and
dedicatedonlineappdiscoveryservices.Recently,governmentregulatoryagencieshavelaunched
initiativestoregulateandcurateapps,particularlymedicalapps.[4]
Thepopularityofmobileappshascontinuedtorise,astheirusagehasbecomeincreasinglyprevalent
acrossmobilephoneusers.[5]AMay2012comScorestudyreportedthatduringthepreviousquarter,more
mobilesubscribersusedappsthanbrowsedthewebontheirdevices:51.1%vs.49.8%respectively.[6]
Researchersfoundthatusageofmobileappsstronglycorrelateswithusercontextanddependsonuser's
locationandtimeoftheday.[7]
AccordingtomarketresearchfirmGartner,102billionappswillbedownloadedin2013(91%ofthemwill
befree)buttheywillstillgenerateUS$26billion,up44.4%on2012'sUS$18billion.[8]Ananalystreport
estimatesthattheappeconomycreatesrevenuesofmorethan10billionperyearwithintheEuropean
Union,whileover529,000jobshavebeencreatedin28EUstatesduetothegrowthoftheappmarket.[9]
Contents
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Contents
1Development
2Distribution
2.1AmazonAppstore
2.2AppStore
2.3BlackBerryWorld
2.4GooglePlay
2.5NokiaStore
2.6WindowsPhoneStore
2.7WindowsStore
2.8SamsungAppsStore
3Enterprisemanagement
3.1UseofMobileApps:AppWrappingvs.NativeAppManagement
4Top25popularmobileappsinU.S.
5Seealso
6References
Development
Developingappsformobiledevicesrequiresconsideringtheconstraintsandfeaturesofthesedevices.
Mobiledevicesrunonbatteryandhavelesspowerfulprocessorsthanpersonalcomputersandalsohave
morefeaturessuchaslocationdetectionandcameras.Developersalsohavetoconsiderawidearrayof
screensizes,hardwarespecificationsandconfigurationsbecauseofintensecompetitioninmobilesoftware
andchangeswithineachoftheplatforms.
Mobileapplicationdevelopmentrequiresuseofspecializedintegrateddevelopmentenvironments.Mobile
appsarefirsttestedwithinthedevelopmentenvironmentusingemulatorsandlatersubjectedtofield
testing.Emulatorsprovideaninexpensivewaytotestapplicationsonmobilephonestowhichdevelopers
maynothavephysicalaccess.[10]
Aspartofthedevelopmentprocess,mobileuserinterface(UI)Designisalsoanessentialinthecreationof
mobileapps.MobileUIconsidersconstraintsandcontexts,screen,inputandmobilityasoutlinesfor
design.Theuserisoftenthefocusofinteractionwiththeirdevice,andtheinterfaceentailscomponentsof
bothhardwareandsoftware.Userinputallowsfortheuserstomanipulateasystem,anddevice'soutput
allowsthesystemtoindicatetheeffectsoftheusers'manipulation.MobileUIdesignconstraintsinclude
limitedattentionandformfactors,suchasamobiledevice'sscreensizeforauser'shand.MobileUI
contextssignalcuesfromuseractivity,suchaslocationandschedulingthatcanbeshownfromuser
interactionswithinamobileapplication.Overall,mobileUIdesign'sgoalisprimarilyforan
understandable,userfriendlyinterface.
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MobileUIs,orfrontends,relyonmobilebackendstosupportaccesstoenterprisesystems.Themobile
backendfacilitatesdatarouting,security,authentication,authorization,workingoffline,andservice
orchestration.Thisfunctionalityissupportedbyamixofmiddlewarecomponentsincludingmobileapp
servers,MobileBackendasaservice(MBaaS),andSOAinfrastructure.
Distribution
AmazonAppstore
AmazonAppstoreisanalternateapplicationstorefortheAndroidoperatingsystem.Itwasopenedin
March2011,with3800applications.[11]TheAmazonAppstore'sAndroidAppscanalsorunonBlackBerry
10devices.
AppStore
Apple'sAppStoreforiOSwasthefirstappdistributionservice,whichsetthestandardforappdistribution
servicesandcontinuestodoso,openedonJuly10,2008,andasofJanuary2011,reportedover10billion
downloads.AsofJune6,2011,therewere425,000appsavailable,whichhadbeendownloadedby
200millioniOSusers.[12][13]DuringApple's2012WorldwideDevelopersConference,AppleCEOTim
CookannouncedthattheAppStorehas650,000availableappstodownloadaswellas"anastounding
30billionapps"downloadedfromtheappstoreuntilthatdate.[14]Fromanalternativeperspective,figures
seeninJuly2013bytheBBCfromtrackingserviceAdevenindicateovertwothirdsofappsinthestoreare
"zombies",barelyeverinstalledbyconsumers.[15]
BlackBerryWorld
BlackBerryWorldistheapplicationstoreforBlackBerry10andBlackBerryOSdevices.ItopenedinApril
2009asBlackBerryAppWorld,andasofFebruary2011,wasclaimingthelargestrevenueperapp:
$9,166.67comparedto$6,480.00attheAppleAppStoreand$1,200intheAndroidmarket.InJuly2011,it
wasreporting3milliondownloadsperdayand1billiontotaldownloads.[16]InMay2013,BlackBerry
Worldreachedover120,000apps.BlackBerry10userscanalsorunAndroidapps.
GooglePlay
GooglePlay(formerlyknownastheAndroidMarket)isaninternationalonlinesoftwarestoredevelopedby
GoogleforAndroiddevices.ItopenedinOctober2008.[17]InAugust2014,therewereapproximately1.3+
millionappsavailableforAndroid,[18]andtheestimatednumberofapplicationsdownloadedfromGoogle
Playwas40billion.
NokiaStore
AnappstoreforNokiaphoneswaslaunchedinternationallyinMay2009.AsofApril2011therewere
50,000apps,andasofAugust2011,Nokiawasreporting9milliondownloadsperday.InFebruary2011,
NokiareportedthatitwouldstartusingWindowsPhoneasitsprimaryoperatingsystem.[19]InMay2011,
NokiaannouncedplanstorebranditsOviproductlineundertheNokiabrand[20]andOviStorewas
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renamedNokiaStoreinOctober2011.[21]NokiaStoreremainsasthedistributionplatformforitsprevious
linesofmobileoperatingsystemsbutwillnolongerallowdeveloperstopublishnewappsorappupdates
foritslegacySymbianandMeeGooperatingsystemsfromJanuary2014.[22]
WindowsPhoneStore
WindowsPhoneStorewasintroducedbyMicrosoftforitsWindowsPhoneplatform,whichwaslaunched
inOctober2010.AsofOctober2012,ithasover120,000appsavailable.[23]
WindowsStore
WindowsStorewasintroducedbyMicrosoftforitsWindows8andWindowsRTplatforms.Whileitcan
alsocarrylistingsfortraditionaldesktopprogramscertifiedforcompatibilitywithWindows8,itis
primarilyusedtodistribute"WindowsStoreapps"whichareprimarilybuiltforuseontabletsandother
touchbaseddevices(butcanstillbeusedwithakeyboardandmouse,andondesktopcomputersand
laptops).[24][25]
SamsungAppsStore
AnappstoreforSamsungmobilephoneswasfoundedinSeptember2009.[26]AsofOctober2011,
SamsungAppsreached10milliondownloads.Currentlythestoreisavailablein125countriesanditoffers
appsforWindowsMobile,AndroidandBadaplatforms.
Enterprisemanagement
Mobileapplicationmanagement(MAM)describessoftwareandservicesresponsibleforprovisioningand
controllingaccesstointernallydevelopedandcommerciallyavailablemobileappsusedinbusiness
settings,whichhasbecomenecessarywiththeonsetofBringyourowndevice(BYOD)phenomenon.
Whenanemployeebringsapersonaldeviceintoanenterprisesetting,mobileapplicationmanagement
enablesthecorporateITstafftotransferrequiredapplications,controlaccesstobusinessdata,andremove
locallycachedbusinessdatafromthedeviceifitislost,orwhenitsownernolongerworkswiththe
company.
UseofMobileApps:AppWrappingvs.NativeAppManagement
EspeciallymobileappsintheBYODcontextareasignificantsecurityriskforbusinesses,becausethey
transferunprotectedsensitivedatatotheInternetwithoutknowledgeandconsentoftheusers.Reportsof
stolencorporatedatashowhowquicklycorporateandpersonaldatacanfallintothewronghands.Data
theftisnotjustthelossofconfidentialinformation,butmakescompaniesvulnerabletoattackand
blackmail.[27]
ProfessionalMobileApplicationManagementhelpscompaniesprotecttheirdata.Oneoptionforsecuring
corporatedataisappwrapping.Buttherealsoaresomedisadvantageslikecopyrightinfringementorthe
lossofwarrantyrights.Functionality,productivityanduserexperienceareparticularlylimitedunderapp
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wrapping.Thepoliciesofawrappedappcan'tchanged.Soifrequired,itmustbecreatedfromscratch
again,addingadditionalcost.[28]
Alternatively,itispossibletooffernativeappssecurelythroughEnterprisemobilitymanagementwithout
limitingthenativeuserexperience.ThisenablesmoreflexibleITmanagementasappscanbeeasily
implementedandpoliciesadjustedatanytime.[29]
Top25popularmobileappsinU.S.
Thesearethe25mostpopular(butnotthemostused)appsintheUSAbytheiractiveusage,asofAugust
2014.Thislistcountsusageamongalloftheapplicationstores.[30]
App
Developer
YouTube
GooglePlay
GoogleSearch
Pandora
Pandora
GoogleMaps
Gmail
AppleMaps
AppleInc.
YahooStocks
Yahoo!
iTunesRadio
AppleInc.
FacebookMessenger
YahooWeather
Yahoo!
TheWeatherChannel
Comcast
Google+
Netflix
Netflix
Snapchat
Snapchat,Inc.
AmazonMobile
Amazon.com
eBay
eBay
Skype
Microsoft
Shazam
Shazam
YahooMail
Yahoo!
KikMessenger
KikInteractive
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Seealso
Mobilecommerce
References
1. ^Siegler,MG(June11,2008)."Analyst:TheresagreatfutureiniPhoneapps"
(http://venturebeat.com/2008/06/11/analysttheresagreatfutureiniphoneapps/).VentureBeat.
2. ^" "App"voted2010wordoftheyearbytheAmericanDialectSociety(UPDATED)AmericanDialectSociety"
(http://www.americandialect.org/appvoted2010wordoftheyearbytheamericandialectsocietyupdated).
Americandialect.org.20110108.Retrieved20120128.
3. ^Pogue,David(November4,2009)."APlacetoPutYourApps"
(http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/05/technology/personaltech/05pogue.html?pagewanted=all).NewYorkTimes.
RetrievedJanuary22,2013.
4. ^Yetisen,A.K.,MartinezHurtado,J.L.,etal(2014).Theregulationofmobilemedicalapplications.Labona
Chip,14(5),833840.dx.doi.org/10.1039/C3LC51235E
5. ^Ludwig,Sean.December5,2012.venturebeat.com(http://venturebeat.com/2012/12/05/mobileappusagetv
web2012/),study:"Mobileappusagegrows35%,TV&webnotsomuch"
6. ^Perez,Sarah.July2,2012."comScore:InU.S.MobileMarket,Samsung,AndroidTopTheChartsApps
OvertakeWebBrowsing."techcrunch.com(http://techcrunch.com/2012/07/02/comscoreinusmobilemarket
samsungandroidtopthechartsappsovertakewebbrowsing/)
7. ^MatthiasBhmer,BrentHecht,JohannesSchning,AntonioKrger,andGernotBauer.2011.Fallingasleep
withAngryBirds,FacebookandKindle:alargescalestudyonmobileappusage
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2037373.2037383).In:Proceedingsofthe13thInternationalConferenceonHuman
ComputerInteractionwithMobileDevicesandServices(MobileHCI'11).ACM,NewYork,NY,USA,4756.
8. ^"Mobileappsrevenuestippedtoreach$26bnin2013"
(http://www.theguardian.com/technology/appsblog/2013/sep/19/gartnermobileappsrevenuesreport).The
Guardian.11October2013.Retrieved19September2013.
9. ^VisionMobile,PlumConsulting,"EuropeanAppEconomy"analystreport
(http://www.visionmobile.com/EUApp),September2013
10. ^"MobileApplicationDevelopmentGuidelines"(http://www.hitechito.com/blog/mobileapplication
developmentguidelines.php).byhitech.20131114.Retrieved20110405.
11. ^"AmazonAppstore:Android"(http://sigitarinto.com/2011/03/22/amazonappstore/).SigitArinto.com.201103
22.Retrieved20110405.
12. ^"10BillionAppCountdown"(http://www.apple.com/itunes/10billionappcountdown/).Apple.20110114.
13. ^Rao,Leena(July7,2011)."Apple'sAppStoreCrosses15BAppDownloads,Adds1BDownloadsInPast
Month"(http://techcrunch.com/2011/07/07/applesappstorecrosses15bappdownloadsadds1bdownloadsin
pastmonth/).TechCrunch.AOLInc.
14. ^Indvik,Lauren(June11,2012)."AppStoreStats:400MillionAccounts,650,000Apps"
(http://mashable.com/2012/06/11/wwdc2012appstorestats/).Mashable.
15. ^bbc.co.uk(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology23240971)
16. ^"BlackBerryAppWorldGeneratesHighestRevenuePerApp"(http://www.appschopper.com/blog/blackberry6/8
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_app
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16. ^"BlackBerryAppWorldGeneratesHighestRevenuePerApp"(http://www.appschopper.com/blog/blackberry
appworldgenerateshighestrevenueperapp/).appschopper.com.February7,2011.RetrievedMay5,2011.
17. ^Chu,Eric(13February2009)."AndroidMarketUpdateSupport"(http://android
developers.blogspot.com/2009/02/androidmarketupdatesupportfor.html).
18. ^"GooglePlay"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play).
19. ^"NokiaandMicrosoftAnnouncePlansforaBroadStrategicPartnershiptoBuildaNewGlobalMobile
Ecosystem"(http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2011/feb11/0211partnership.mspx).MicrosoftNews
Center.Microsoft.February11,2011.RetrievedOctober30,2011.
20. ^"TheevolutionofNokiaandOvi|NokiaConversationsTheofficialNokiaBlog"
(http://conversations.nokia.com/2011/05/16/theevolutionofnokiaandovi/).Conversations.nokia.com.Retrieved
20110825.
21. ^Fraser,Adam(10October2011)."OviStorerenamedasNokiaStore,nowbuiltusingQt"
(http://conversations.nokia.com/2011/10/10/ovistorerenamedasnokiastorenowbuiltusingqt/).
ConversationsbyNokia,officialNokiablog.Nokia.Retrieved25May2012.
22. ^"ChangestosupportedcontenttypesintheNokiaStore"
(http://developer.nokia.com/Blogs/News/blog/2013/10/04/changestosupportedcontenttypesinthenokia
store/).TheNokiaDeveloperTeam.October4,2013.RetrievedNovember12,2013.
23. ^Arghire,Ionut(30October2012)."WindowsPhoneStoreHas120,000AppsNow,MoretoCome"
(http://news.softpedia.com/news/WindowsPhoneStoreHas120000AppsNowMoretoCome302992.shtml).
Softpedia.SoftNewsNETSRL.Retrieved29November2012.
24. ^Miller,Michael(September14,2011)."Build:MoreDetailsOnBuildingWindows8MetroApps"
(http://forwardthinking.pcmag.com/showreports/287736buildmoredetailsonbuildingwindows8metroapps).
PCMagazine.RetrievedFebruary10,2012.
25. ^Rosoff,Matt."Here'sEverythingYouWantedToKnowAboutMicrosoft'sUpcomingiPadKillers"
(http://articles.businessinsider.com/20120209/tech/31040510_1_stevensinofskypcsmicrosoftfirst).Business
Insider.RetrievedFebruary10,2012.
26. ^"BasicInformationaboutSamsungAppsStore"(http://www.facebook.com/SamsungApps/info).
content.samsung.com.Retrieved20130306.
27. ^AlanHartwell,Trust,companycultureandBYODsecurity(http://www.scmagazineuk.com/trustcompany
cultureandbyodsecurity/article/393267/).SCMagazineUK,2015120.RetrievedFebruary13,2015.
28. ^SubbuLyer,5thingsyounolongerneedtodoformobilesecurity
(http://www.networkworld.com/article/2451083/byod/5thingsyounolongerneedtodoformobile
security.html).NetworkWorld,201477.RetrievedFebruary13,2015.
29. ^SimonYates,ChriHazelton,EnterpriseITSpotlight:enterprisemobilitymanagement
(https://451research.com/enterpriseitspotlightenterprisemobilitymanagement).451research,2014912.
RetrievedFebruary13,2015.
30. ^Thesearethe25mostpopularmobileappsinAmerica(http://qz.com/253527/thesearethe25mostpopular
mobileappsinamerica/)RetrievedAugust22,2014.
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