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Service de gynecologie, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours, Hopital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnele, 37044 Tours, France
Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique et Medecine de la Reproduction, CHU de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Miletrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
Departement de gynecologie-obstetrique, Hopital universitaire du Kremlin Bicetre, 78 avenue du General Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
d
Service de gynecologie-obstetrique, Hopital Pellegrin, 33076 Bordeaux, France
e
Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique, CH Grasse, Chemin Clavary, 06130 Grasse, France
f
Colle`ge de Gynecologie Rhone-Alpes, 46 cours President Franklin Roosevelt, 69006 Lyon, France
g
Pole femme-me`re-nouveau-ne, hopital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU Lille, avenue Euge`ne Avinee, 59037 Lille cedex, France
h
5, avenue Emile Deschanel, 75007 Paris, France
i
Service de Gynecologie Obstetrique, Hopital Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
j
Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique, Hopital de Bicetre, Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicetre F-94270, France
k
Service de gynecologie-obstetrique, centre hospitalier de Versailles, hopital Andre Mignot, 177 route de Versailles, 78157 Le Chesnay, France
l
Service de Radiologie, CHU de Caen, avenue de la Cote de Nacre, 14033 Caen cedex 9, France
b
c
A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T R A C T
Article history:
Received 26 June 2012
Accepted 26 July 2012
Keywords:
Fibroid
Myoma
Leiomyoma
Hysterectomy
Myomectomy
Embolization
Fertility
* Corresponding author at: Pole de Gynecologie, Obstetrique, Medecine ftale et Reproduction humaine, Hopital Bretonneau, 37044 Tours cedex 1, France.
Tel.: +33 02 47 47 47 41; fax: +33 04 47 47 92 73.
E-mail address: marret@med.univ-tours.fr (H. Marret).
0301-2115/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.030
Please cite this article in press as: Marret H, et al. Therapeutic management of uterine broid tumors: updated French guidelines. Eur J
Obstet Gynecol (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.030
G Model
H. Marret et al. / European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology xxx (2012) xxxxxx
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Question 1: medical treatment of symptoms associated with uterine leiomyomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.
Available medical treatment [19]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.
3.2.1.
Progestogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Antibrinolytic agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.2.
Non-steroidal anti-inammatory drugs (NSAIDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.3.
GnRH analogs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.4.
3.2.5.
GnRH antagonists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Danazol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.6.
Aromatase inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.7.
Antiprogesterone and selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.8.
3.3.
Specic situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fibroids and contraception (except IUDs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1.
Fibroids and hormonal therapy for menopause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2.
Fibroids and intrauterine devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.3.
Question 2: myomectomy [1024] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Role of myomectomy in women not being treated for infertility or who wish to retain their fertility (for those who are not infertile,
4.1.
but want to become pregnant, or do not want to become pregnant but only to retain and optimize the possibility) . . . . . . . . . .
For submucosal broids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1.1.
4.1.2.
For interstitial and subserosal broids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Role of myomectomy in infertility with and without assisted reproduction technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.
4.2.1.
Without assisted reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
With assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.2.
Role of myomectomies in the perimenopausal period and afterwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.
After menopause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.1.
Question 3: alternatives to conventional surgery (total hysterectomy or myomectomy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Role of uterine artery embolization [2532] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.
Role of destructive alternatives to surgical treatment for broids, other than embolization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.
Myolysis or destruction of broids [3339] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.1.
Laparoscopic ligation of the uterine arteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.2.
Role of alternatives to hysteroscopic myomectomy for the treatment of broids [4044]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3.
Question 4: role of subtotal compared with total hysterectomy for broids. [4549]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Introduction
Fibroids remain the most common female disease; they cause
abnormal uterine bleeding (heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding,
which is the main reason for gynecologic consultations of women
aged 4050 years) and also pelvic pain. They are the leading cause
of hysterectomy in France. Because the last clinical practice
guidelines date back to 1999, the Colle`ge National des Gynecologues et Obstetriciens Francais (CNGOF) decided to update them
to take into account diagnostic and technical advances over the
past decade. The development of these guidelines required the
coordinators to dene the questions, choose a team to answer
them, and determine the levels of evidence and grades of each
recommendation for physicians seeking to practise evidencebased medicine. A selection of the principal references is listed at
the end [149].
All professionals should understand the importance of
guidelines of producing, updating, disseminating and following them in a period when the onset of complications can
require us to justify our practices. Obviously, these guidelines
are not enforceable, but each physician knows that professional
guidelines or recommendations are a guide to good practices
[50].
This new version of these guidelines has especially sought:
- to redene the role of medical treatment, which does not act
directly on broids, but rather on their symptoms;
- to reconsider the role of broids in fertility and in infertility;
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Please cite this article in press as: Marret H, et al. Therapeutic management of uterine broid tumors: updated French guidelines. Eur J
Obstet Gynecol (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.030
G Model
Please cite this article in press as: Marret H, et al. Therapeutic management of uterine broid tumors: updated French guidelines. Eur J
Obstet Gynecol (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.030
G Model
H. Marret et al. / European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology xxx (2012) xxxxxx
Please cite this article in press as: Marret H, et al. Therapeutic management of uterine broid tumors: updated French guidelines. Eur J
Obstet Gynecol (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.030
G Model
Please cite this article in press as: Marret H, et al. Therapeutic management of uterine broid tumors: updated French guidelines. Eur J
Obstet Gynecol (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.030
G Model
H. Marret et al. / European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology xxx (2012) xxxxxx
Please cite this article in press as: Marret H, et al. Therapeutic management of uterine broid tumors: updated French guidelines. Eur J
Obstet Gynecol (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.030
G Model
Please cite this article in press as: Marret H, et al. Therapeutic management of uterine broid tumors: updated French guidelines. Eur J
Obstet Gynecol (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.030
G Model
Please cite this article in press as: Marret H, et al. Therapeutic management of uterine broid tumors: updated French guidelines. Eur J
Obstet Gynecol (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.030
G Model
[44]
[45]
[46]
[47]
[48]
[49]
[50]
[51]
[52]
[53]
[54]
[55]
[56]
[57]
[58]
[59]
[60]
[61]
Please cite this article in press as: Marret H, et al. Therapeutic management of uterine broid tumors: updated French guidelines. Eur J
Obstet Gynecol (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.030