LITERARY TERMS:

1. Narration:
a) Direct narration the narrator is directing the story towards you and
is conscious of the act of storytelling. Example: Enduring Love.
b) Frame narration the narrator tells a story about someone else; the
story is directed from one character to another character; involves at
least two layers of narration. Example: Frankenstein
c) Indirect narration the reader is a witness to the story and is
watching it happen from outside. Example: Hills Like White Elephants
2. Speech:
a) Direct speech characters speak for themselves.
b) Reported speech the narrator summarizes events and
conversations, without the use of quotation marks.
c) Free indirect speech slips in and out of characters' consciousness;
characters' thoughts, feelings, and words are filtered through the thirdperson narrator in free indirect discourse.
3. Characters:
a) Protagonist the main character of the story who makes events move
forward to a particular goal.
b) Antagonist the character who stands in the way of the protagonist
and tries to prevent them from achieving their goal.
c) Foil the character whose qualities contrast with those of the main
character.
4. Literary terms:
a) Synecdoche a part of something represents the whole.
b) Leitmotif a recurring theme associated with a particular person.
c) Metaphor the use of language to make a comparison between two
things or ideas by applying a word or phrase to something that does not
literally mean that.
d) Satire- writing that uses ridicule to arouse a readers disapproval of
the subject:
horatian lightheaded, gentle
juvenalian pessimistic, harsh
e) Foreshadowing to show, indicate or suggest in advance.
f) Pathetic fallacy the weather/ setting reflects, mirrors emotions.
g) Synaesthesia an appeal to more than one sense/ sense imagery.
h) Homily moralistic lecture.
i) Anaphora the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of
consecutive lines.
j) Aphorism a brief statement that makes a wise observation about life.
k) Hyperbole an exaggeration.
l) Understatement by making something seem less than it is attention
is drawn to it.
m) Dramatic irony a moment when the audience is aware of what is
happening, while the character is not.
n) Elegy tribute to someone who has passed away.
o) Simile a directly expressed comparison.

p) Archetype the original idea.

q) Oxymoron a combination or juxtaposition of opposites, a union of
contradictory terms.
r) Soliloquy speech in which a character who is alone speaks his
thoughts aloud.
s) Imagery any visual, auditory or tactile images created by figurative
language.
t) Allusion a reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary
work or work of art.
u) Conceit comparing two very different object.
v) Colloquial conversational language
w) Euphemism indirect way of saying something unpleasant.
x) Juxtaposition placing a person, concept, place, idea or theme
parallel to another in order to contrast and compare them.
y) Personification giving human characteristics to non living things or
ideas.
z) Asyndeton lines without conjunctions (and, but, because, etc.)
aa)Syntax grammatical structure of a sentence.
ab)
Connotation the meaning of a word in context, the meaning
associated with a word.
ac)Denotation the definition of a word.
ad)
Antithesis contradicting statements.
ae)Alliteration repeating of the 1st letters of words.
af) Consonance internally repeating consonants.
ag)
Assonance repeating vowel sounds.