ANIMPROVEDSEPICCONVERTERWITH

HIGHSTATICGAINFORRENEWABLE
APPLICATION
S.Saravanan *, Dr.P. Usha rani**, P.mega, ***,R.Vidhayalaksmi****, P.kalaichelivi*****
* Lecturer, Department of EEE , Magna college of engineering, Saravanan316@yahoo.com
** Professor, Department of EEE, RMD college of engineering, pusharani@yahoo.com
***,****,***** students ,Department of EEE, Magna college of engineering
megaharan@gmail.com, vidhyaravichandran45@gmail.com, kalaichelvi254@gmail.com

Abstract-Single-ended

primary-inductor
converter (SEPIC) is a type of dc-dc converter which uses a
series capacitor to couple energy from the input to the output.
The modified SEPIC converter with two configuration
without magnetic coupling and with magnetic coupling is
presented with two high-static gain in this paper. The
configuration with magnetic coupling has an output voltage
of efficiency 91.9% with a increase in static gain and
maintains a low switch voltage.The configuration without
magnetic coupling works with an efficiency of 92.2% by
utilizing the properties of SEPIC converter as it consist of a
minimal active component with low noise operation. The
advantage of presented topology is low switching voltage and
high efficiency for low input voltage and high output voltage
applications. Two configurations with magnetic coupling and
without magnetic coupling with an input voltage of 15V for
the simulation and 12V as an input for hardware
implementation is presented verified, analyzed theoretically
and experimentally.
Index Terms: DC-DC power conversion, Voltage multiplier
and Solar power generation.

I. INTRODUCTION
The demand for low DC output voltage power
source has been met with a development of DC_DC
converter of a high static gain . wind turbines of low power ,
photovoltaic modules, fuel cells etc. are examples of
renewable energy sources it is well suited for high cost ,
high efficiency ,battery powered system with necessary
requirements such as reduction in losses with high power
density and reduced weight and volume.
The proposed topology is applicable to solar power
generation (photovoltaic module) in a grid connected system
such as power loss and generation reduction caused
mismatch losses and partial shading has been overcome
with multi-string structure in which the number of strings
connected with DC-DC converters with the MPPT
algorithm are reduced and hence output of these DC-DC
converters are given as inverter input. Using a AC Module
ormicroinverter. The drawbacks of a grid connected
photovoltaic generation with centralized inverter.

The specification of PMPP=100W with VMPP=15 V was

considered in this Paper, but increasing the PV module
power, the voltage also increases at the maximum power
point. In this condition, DC-DC converter input current
and the converter conduction losses are maintained almost
at the same level. The desired characteristics considered
mainly in this applications are a static gain equal or higher
than ten times, low switch voltage, low input current
ripple, reduced weight and volume and high efficiency
.The basic structure without magnetic coupling presents a
static gain close to twice of the classical boost converter
and the switch voltage is close to half of the value obtained
with the classical boost converter in the operation with
high values of duty-cycle.
The proposed solution with magnetic coupling is
obtained including a secondary winding in an inductor of
the Converter , which operates as a fly-back transformer ,
with an increasing in static gain reducing the weight,
volume and losses of the transformer. Overvoltage and the
energy stored in.
The commutation losses of the proposed
converter with magnetic coupling are reduced due to the
presence of the transformer leakage inductance and the
secondary voltage multiplier that operates as a nondissipative clamping circuit to the output diode voltage.
The leakage inductance must be dissipated in snubber or
clamping circuits inorder to reduce the diode reverse
recovery current and increase in efficiency.

II. PROPOSED CONVERTER WITHOUT

MAGNETIC
COUPLING
1.

Power Circuit without Magnetic Coupling

The power circuit of the classical SEPIC

converter is presented in Fig. 2. The step-up and step-down
static gain of the SEPIC converter is an interesting
operation characteristic for a wide input voltage range
application. However, the switch voltage is equal the sum
of the input and output voltages and the static gain is lower
than the classical boost converter. The modification of the
SEPIC converter is accomplished adding only two

components with the inclusion of the diode DM and the

capacitor CM, as presented in Fig. 3.

inductor current is equal to the input current and the average L 2

inductor current is equal to the output current.
The static gain of the proposed converter can be obtained
considering null the average inductors voltage at the steady-state.
The static gain of the proposed converter is higher than the
obtained with the classical boost. The CM capacitor voltage is
calculated by (2) that is the same output voltage of the classical
boost converter. The maximum switch voltage I isequal to the
VCM
voltage.

1. First Stage [t0 - t1] (Fig. 4) - At the instant t0, switch S

isturned-off and the energy stored in the input inductor L1
is transferred to the output through the CS capacitor and
output diode Do and also is transferred to the C M capacitor
through the diode DM. So that, the switch voltage is equal
to the CM capacitor voltage. The energy stored in the
inductor L2 is transferred to the output through the diode
Do.
2. Second Stage [t1 -t2] (Fig. 5) - At the instant t1, switch S
isturned-on and the diodes DM and Do are blocked and the
inductors L1 and L2stock energy. Then the input voltage is
applied to the inductor L1 and the voltage VCS-VCM is
applied to the inductor L2. The VCM voltage is higher than
the VCS voltage
3. Third Stage [t2 - t3] (Fig. 12) - At the instant
t2thepower switch S is turned off. The energy stored in the
L1 inductor is transferred to the CM capacitor. Also there
is the energy transference to the output thought the
capacitors CS1, CS2 inductor L2 and output diode Do.
4. Fourth Stage [t3 - t4] (Fig. 13) - At the instant t3,
theenergy transference to the capacitor CM is finished and
the diode DM1 is blocked. The energy transference to the
output is maintained until the instant t4, when the power
switch is turned on.
5. Fifth Stage [t4 - t5] (Fig. 14) When the power switch
is turned on at the instant t4, the current at the output diode
Do linearly decreases and the di/dt is limited by the
transformer leakage inductance, reducing the diode reverse
recovery current problems. When the output diode is
blocked, the converter returns to the first operation stage.
The maximum voltage in all diodes and in the power switch is
equal to the CM capacitor voltage. The output voltage is equal to
the sum of the CS and CM capacitors voltage. The average L1

III.SIMULATION RESULT
The simulation results discussed by modified
SEPIC converter is shown in Fig5 and then CCM mode
of SEPIC converter with input voltage of 15V is shown.
and at last the Closed loop pi control with modified
SEPIC PI controller is given as shown below.

Seeing the following conditions:

Output Power: Po = 100 W
Input Voltage: Vi = 15 V
Output Voltage: Vo=150V
Switching Frequency: f=24 kHz
1)Switch duty-cycle
Considering the static gain presented in (1), the nominal
converter duty-cycle is calculated by

2)Switch and diodes voltages

The switch voltage (Vs) and the voltage across the
diode DM are equal to the voltage of the capacitor C M. The
theoretical output diode voltage (VDo) is equal to the output
voltage minus the voltage across the capacitor CS and the
result is the same calculated by (9).

However, due to the non idealities of the circuit as the

reverse recovery current of the output diode and the
intrinsic circuit inductance and capacitance, the output
diode voltage can reach the output voltage value.
The simulation circuit of improvedSEPIC
converter without magnetic coupling is showninFig.
Thevariouswaveforms obtained fromthe simulationare
present.
Many operational characteristics of the classical SEPIC
converter are changed with the proposed modification, as
the elevation of the converter static gain. The capacitor
CM is charged with the output voltage of the classical
boost converter. The polarity of the C S capacitor voltage
is inverted in the proposed converter and the expressions
of the capacitors voltages and other operation
characteristics are presented in the theoretical analysis.
The continuous conduction mode (CCM) of the
improved SEPIC converter presents two operation stages.
All capacitors are considered as a voltage source and the
semiconductors are considered ideals for the theoretical
analysis.
B. Design Considerations of the Proposed Converter without
Magnetic Coupling
The main equations to design the improved SEPIC
converter without magnetic coupling shown in Fig. 3
operating in CCM, are presented with an example

1) L1 and L2 inductance
The current ripple (_iL) of the inductors L1 and
L2 are calculated by the same equation. Considering L1
equal to L2and an input current ripple equal to 5 A, the
inductance value is calculated by (10). The average current
value of the L1inductance is equal to the input current and
the average current value of the L2 inductance is equal to
the output current.

2)Capacitors CS and CM:

The capacitors CS and CM present the same
voltageripple. The capacitance can be calculated by the
capacitor charge difference, seeingvalueless the capacitor
series equivalent resistance. Generally, a small capacitance
value is obtained and a capacitor with low series
equivalent resistance can be used. Considering a capacitor
voltage ripple DVCequal to 10% of the nominal voltage of
the CM capacitor, the capacitances are calculated by (11).

alternative circuit.

5) Semiconductor current effort

The average current of the diodes IDM and IDoare equal
tothe output current Io.

The switch current is equal the sum of the

currents of the inductance L1 and L2. The switch current is
a trapezoidal waveform as presented in Fig. 6. I1 is the
switch current at the beginning of the turn-on period (t1)
calculated by (14) and I2 is the switch current at the end of
the turn-on period (t2) calculated by (15), considering a
theoretical efficiency equal to h=92%.
Considering the RMS switch current calculated by and
also obtained through simulation and a RDS MOSFET
resistance equal 17 m (80C), the switch conduction loss
is equal to 1 W. Considering the MOSFET turn-on time
equal to 180 ns and the MOSFET turn-off time equal to
122 ns, the equal to 83V and the switch current I 1 and I2
calculated by using equation and switch voltage , the total
switch commutation losses is equal to 2W.
The average current in al diodes is equal to the output
current calculated by (13) and considering a diode forward
voltage equal to 1.5 V, the total diode conduction losses is
equal to 2 W. Considering a total loss equal to 2 W for the
input filter inductor L1 and equal to 1.5 W for the inductor
L2, the estimated theoretical efficiency is close to 92%.

IV. PROPOSED CONVERTER WITH

MAGNETICCOUPLING

The solutions based on the classical boost converter

with magnetic coupling or the integration of the magnetic
coupling and the voltage multiplier cell can present very
high voltage gain and an excellent performance as
presented in [11]-[19]. However, as the magnetic coupling
is accomplished with the input inductor in the boost based
solutions, the input current ripple is significantly increased
and depends on the inductor winding turns ratio.
Increasing the inductor turns ratio and the static gain, the
input current ripple rises. The input current ripple
increment is a non desirable operation characteristic for
some applications as the fuel cell power source. As the
magnetic coupling is not accomplished with the input
inductor in the proposed topology, the input current ripple
is low and is not changed by the magnetic coupling.
1) First Stage [t0 - t1] The power switch S isconducting
and the input inductor L1 stores energy. The capacitor CS2
is charged by the secondary winding L2S and diode DM2.
The leakage inductance limits the current and the energy
transference occurs in a resonant way. The outputdiode is
blocked and the maximum diode voltage is equal to (V oVCM). At the instant t1 the energy transference to the
capacitor CS2 is finished and the diode DM2 is blocked.

A. Power Circuit with Magnetic Coupling

The improved SEPIC converter without magnetic
coupling can operate with the double of the static gain of
the classical boost converter for a high duty-cycle
operation. However, a very high static gain is necessary in
some applications. A practical limitation for the modified
SEPIC converter in order to maintain the converter
performance is a duty-cycle close to D=0.85, resulting in a
maximum static gain equal to q=12.3. A simple solution to
elevate the static gain without increases the duty-cycle and
the switch voltage is to include a secondary winding in the
L2 inductor. The L2 inductor operation is similar to a buckboost inductor and a secondary winding can increases the
output voltage by the inductor windings turns ratio (n),
operating as a fly-back transformer. Figure 8 shows this

1.
Second Stage [t1 - t2] From the instant t1,when
the diode DM2 is blocked, to the instant t 2 when the power
switch is turned off, the inductors L 1 and L2 store energy
and the currents linearly increase.
2.
Third Stage [t2 - t3] - At the instant t2thepower
switch S is turned off. The energy stored in the L 1 inductor
is transferred to the CM capacitor. Also there is the energy
transference to the output thought the capacitors CS1, CS2
inductor L2 and output diode Do.
3.
Fourth Stage [t3 - t4]- At the instant t3, theenergy
transference to the capacitor CM is finished and the

diodeDM1 is blocked. The energy transference to the output

is maintained until the instant t 4, when the power switch is
turned on.
4.
Fifth Stage [t4 - t5] (Fig. 14) When the power
switch isturned on at the instant t4, the current at the output
diode Do linearly decreases and the di/dt is limited by the
transformer leakage inductance, reducing the diode reverse
recovery current problems. When the output diode is
blocked, the converter returns to the first operation stage.

B. Design Considerations of the Proposed Converter with

Magnetic Coupling
The main equations to design the modified SEPIC
converter with magnetic coupling presented in Fig. 9 are
shown with an example, considering the following
specifications:
Output Power: Po = 100 W
Input Voltage: Vi = 15 V
Output Voltage: Vo=300V
Switching Frequency: f=24
kHz
1) Switch duty-cycle
Considering a static gain equal to 20 and an inductor
winding turns ratio equal to n=2.6, the nominal converter
duty-cycle obtained from equation (17) is equal to:

The nominal operation point is approximately the same of

the topology without magnetic coupling but with a
winding turns ratio equal to n=2.6, the static gain is equal
to Vo/Vi=20.

2) Switch and diodes voltages

The switch voltage (Vs) and the voltage across the

diode DM1 are equal the voltage of the capacitor CM.

The diode DM2 voltage (VDM2) and the output diode

voltage (VDo) are equal and are calculated by (21).

3)L1and L2p-L2sinductance
The current ripple ( iL) of the inductors L1 and L2p are
calculated by the same equation (10) of the topology
without magnetic coupling. As the input voltage and the
converter duty-cycle of the converters with and without
magnetic coupling are the same, the inductance values for
the magnetic coupling converter are the same presented in
(10)
L1 = L2p = 102 H. However, the L2 inductor presents a
secondary winding L2S for the magnetic coupling
converter. Considering the windings turns ratio equal to
n=2.6, the L2Sinductance is equal to:

4) Capacitors CS and CM
The voltage ripple of the capacitor CS2 is calculated by
the same equation (8) of the converter without magnetic
coupling. The capacitors CS1 and CM present the same
voltage ripple and are calculated by the equation (12)
multiplied by the inductor windings turns ratio (n), as
presented in equation (26), considering a capacitor voltage
ripple VC equal to 15% of the nominal voltage of the CM
capacitor .

5) Semiconductor current effort

The average current of all diodes are approximately
equal to the output current

The presence of the transformer leakage inductance

reduces the turn-on commutation loss and reduces the
negative effects of the diode reverse recovery current,
growing the efficiency of the model with magnetic
coupling. The proposed converter without magnetic
coupling operates with hard-switching and presents the
negative effects of the diode reverse recovery current.
However, the efficiency obtained with both topologies is
adequate for many applications with a high static gain.

V.CONCLUSION
Non isolated high static gain converterswith two
new topologies of are presented in this paper. The topology
without magnetic coupling can operate with a static gain
higher than 10 times with a reduced switch voltage. The
structure with magnetic coupling can operate with static
gain higher than 20 times maintaining low the switch
voltage.
On experimental basis the efficiency of proposed
converter without magnetic coupling is equal to91.9%
operating with input voltage equal to 15 V, output voltage
equal 150 V with an output power equal 100 W,efficiency
of proposed converter with magnetic coupling is equal to
92.2% operating with input voltage equal to 15 V, output
voltage equal 300 V and output power equal 100 W.
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international and national journals / conferences proceedings

(IEEE Xplore-4). She has 15 years of teaching experience. Her
earlier industrial experience was with Chemin Controls,
Pondicherry, India. Her research interests on application of power
electronics to power quality problems and FACTS. She is life
member of Indian Society for Technical education.

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P.Mega is currently pursuing her
Bachelor of engineering in Electrical and
Electronics in
Magna college of
engineering, Anna university, Chennai,
India.

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engineering in Electrical and Electronics in Magna
college of engineering, Anna university, Chennai, India
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S.Saravanan is lecturer in Electrical
and
Electronics
engineering
Department,
MAGNA College of Engineering, Chennai
,India. He has completed his M.E in Power
Electronics and Drives in the year 2012 in
JERUSALEM college of Engineering, Anna
University, Chennai. He has completed his
B.E in Electrical and Electronics engineering in the year 2010 in
G.U POPE College of Engineering (tuticorin) Anna University
Chennai, India.

P. Usha Rani is Professor in Electrical

and
Electronics
Engineering
Department, R.M.K. Engineering
College, Chennai, India. She received
her B.E. degree in Electrical &
Electronics Engineering from the
Government College of Technology,
Coimbatore, India, M.E. degree in Power Systems from College
of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India and PhD in the
area of Power Electronics and Drives from Anna University,
Chennai, India. She has published over 19 technical papers in

R.Vidhya Lakshmi is currently pursuing

her Bachelor of engineering in Electrical
and Electronics in Magna college of
engineering, Anna university, Chennai,
India

P.

Kalai chelvi is currently pursuing her

Bachelor of engineering in Electrical and
Electronics in
Magna college of
engineering, Anna university, Chennai,
India