Gamma spind,e

Only miusclse splindle

Gamma alpha motor

work of skeletal muscle

ALPHA motor nueron: innervated extra fusal mouscle fieers
gama monotouerons dicharge causes intrafusal muscle fibers, and that interm travels
along sensory nuerons to increaes tension in motor neurons.
ALPHA and gamma motorneurons. receptors:
gama motorneruron interfates intrafusal muscle fiers
the cells which hold up the the muscle spindle.

spinal cord:
pre motor coretex
motor cortex
thalmus recivrf info from all recetprso.
snesation is reponsible for movement.
alpha and gamma motor neurons
located in the anterior horn of grey substantia
muscle spindle of
gamma = motor innervation
center of each interfusal muscle fiber to sensory nueorns, 1B to alpha motor nuerons.
whole interfusal muscle fibers are surrounded by connective tissue sheath whcih
sepeartes the extrafusal muscle fibers from the from all levels of the spinal cord.
GOLGI TENDON ORGAN: each sketal msucle inside of a tendon, has a golgi tendon
organ.
is responsible for protection during much more powerful.
golgi: protection of body. against damage.
alpha motor nueron sonly innervate extrafusal motor neurons

Gamma spind,e
Only miusclse splindle
Gamma alpha motor

gamma only muscles spindle, intrafusal motor neurons.

tendon : 1b sensory to inihbitory, and to alpha motor neuron. in spinal cord

receptor in muscle spindle, impuslses travel along sensory neuron to spinal cord to alpha
motor neuron, and stimulate the muscle alpha motor neurons, and also inhibitor motor
neuron is
hyperpoloization of

stretch reflex
inverse stretch reflex: GOLGI organ tendon. spnal cord to inhibit . if u can lift something
up u blocked the reflex.
interneurons are responsible for inhibiting the antagonistic muscle.

inhibit: hyperpolization and innervates its anatgonistic muscle.

withdrawal reflex:
tack step:
alpha sensory neurons: t ipsi and contra lateral.
lift hurt foot
withdrawal reflex: step on tack
small motor units in area #4 , motor cortex
corticospinal pathway tract. the large myelinated nerve fibers conduct impulses from
motor cortex. to alpha and gamma motor neurons.
tracts to
straitum
thalmus
red nucleus
pons
reticular formatio

Gamma spind,e
Only miusclse splindle
Gamma alpha motor

ventromedial pathways
lateral erticulopspinal pathways
rubrospinal pathways
ventromedial pathways:
three elements:
vestibuspinal tract: originates from vestiubonuclei for balance. for control of equilibrium.
medical reticulospinal tract: control the motion of extensors.
lateral reticulospinal tract controls flexors motinos.
tectospinal tract: originates from textum crossin in opposite sides. stimulate alpha and
gamma motor neurons. control head and eye movements.
Rubrospinaltract: nerve fibers cross to the brain stem to the alpha and gamma motor
neurons.
Same somatictopic fashion as area #4 in motor cortex.
Cortical spinal tracT: control alpha and gamma neurons..
Cerebellum: 3 functions:
planning of movement
Control of posture and equilibrium
Smooth limb movement
Example dance, writing with a pen, control fine movement.
Communicate through subcortical
Functinoal classification of cerebellum:
policular nodular lobe and vermis: control the balance. Middle portion of cerebellum
controls our equilibrium.
Intermediate zone. On teh right or left hand side, control our limbs, extrafusal muscle
fiberes.

Gamma spind,e
Only miusclse splindle
Gamma alpha motor

Large portin: lateral zones: planning of motor behavior.

Comparing information concerning an intended movement with the sensory feedback
acbout the actual movement.
Pukini fibers are responsible for locomotion and they are responsible for MEMORY AND
LERANING.
Basal ganglion:
caudate,
Putamen
Globius pallidus internal and external
Subthalmus
Substaitisa nigra
Ventroanterior and ventral laterl nuclei or thalamus
7 motor centers.
Whole brain with whole basal ganglion commuication
caudate recieves messages from neurocortex
And sends messages to putamen and globus pallidus
Sensory feedback from ventro anterioal and lateral.
Can be different feedback.
Ventroanteralal and lateral nucleis of thalmus send feedback back to neurocortex (brain)
Role of gamma neuron:
Role of cerebral cortex
What is the stretch reflex ?
Neurotransmitter from putan and gollus
what is intergrative functino of movement
Babinski sign:
normal response: curl downward of hallux BIG TOE
upward reponse of hallux pathological response

Shows that there is damage to the cortico spinal tract is damaged.

Gamma spind,e
Only miusclse splindle
Gamma alpha motor

Uppe rmotor neurons damaged

Brachial radialis reflex.
Hit the patellar tendon
Ankle reflex: achhiles tendon
Plantar reflex.slide spoon along tone.
Ok sound as fast as possible with the finger
And also up adn down hands clapping
Finger to finger, finger to nose test. And ask to change directions
If cannot suggest cerebellar dz
Finger up and down along ur finger witih their eyes losed
Inaccurate poitining repeat on other side
Ask patient to tap the ur hands as fast as they can with their tingers
Run the heel along the knee and along the leg to the big toe.
Gait, walk across the room
Ask patient to walk heel to heel, tandem walking keep balane
Then ask patient to walk along toes (heel)
and heels to test dorisiflexiion
Hop on one foot. Good position cense and e
Do shallow knee bend hold leg in the air and bend down with other knee