A SEMI-DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE

Parts and Functions of the Brain

Prepared by Karri Ann S. Tonel
OBJECTIVES
After the
discussion on the
parts and
functions of the
brain, the
students will be
able to:
A. Identify the
parts and
functions of
the brain,
B. Explain the
importance of
keeping our
brain healthy,
and
C. Perform
exercises that
stimulate the
brain.

SUBJECT
MATTER
A. TOPIC:
The Parts and
Functions of
the Brain
B. REFERENCES:
Principles of
Anatomy and
Physiology by
Tortora and
Derrickson
Holes
Essentials of
Anatomy and
Physiology,
10th ed. by
Shier, Butler
and Lewis.
mlspe.blogspo
t.com
www.brainhq.c
om
C. MATERIALS:
PowerPoint
presentation
Prepared
Model or
Illustration of
the Brain
Prepared
Images

PROCEDURE
A.

DAILY ROUTINE
Prayer
Rule Setting
Take out textbooks if necessary
Prepare notebook and pen for note-taking

B. DRILL/REVIEW
Oral Recitation: True or False
The brain has two major parts. (FALSE, the
brain has four major parts or divisions namely
the brain stem, diencephalon, cerebrum and
cerebellum)
The brain is the biggest organ of the body.
(FALSE, the skin is the largest organ of the
body)
There are about 100billion neurons in the
brain. (TRUE)
We only use 10percent of our brains. (FALSE)
You can survive with only half your brain.
(TRUE)
C. NEW LESSON
1. Motivation/Springboard Activity
Students will be asked to perform several actions
designed to test their coordination.
a. Students will hold both hands up in front of
them with palms facing away. First open and
close both hands continuously. Next spread
the fingers of both hands out back and forth.
Last combine the two as one hand opens and
closes while the other hand spreads fingers
back and forth

EVALUATION
Board Work:
Match the words
with their
meanings:
1. Deep
grooves on
the brains
surface
(FISSURES)
2. Ridges on
the brain
(GYRUS)
3. Shallow
grooves on
the brains
surface
(SULCI)
4. Layer of grey
matter
(CORTEX)
5. White matter
in the
Cerebellum
(ARBOR
VITAE)
6. Parallel
ridges found
on the cortex
of the
cerebellum
(FOLIA)
7. Motor
Speech Area

HOMEWORK
Agreement:
Read on the
Diencephalon
and Brain Stem

Shoelaces of
different colors

D. VALUING:
Acknowledge
the
importance of
our brains.
Develop and
practice ways
of keeping the
brain healthy.
Use our
mental ability
to help others
in need.

b. Students will point upwards and sideways

alternately with their index finger. One hand
will perform the action once, the other will
perform it twice.
c. Gotcha (aka Flytrap)-An entire class game in
which students from a circle, close enough
where all students can touch both neighbors'
hands. All students put their index finger out
on their right hand (fly) while keeping their left
hand open and flat (trap). On the READY
signal from the teacher, each student places
their right index finger in the hand of the
neighbor to their right. When everyone is
ready, teacher yells out GOTCHA! Students
then attempt to remove their finger from the
trap to their right while simultaneously trying
to catch the finger/fly of the neighbor to their
left.
d. Hold out a paper bill to the student and have
him or her place a pointer finger and thumb a
few inches away from the money, ready to
grab it. Then drop the bill. The student won't
be able to snatch the cash before it falls.
2. Presentation and Formulation of Questions
1. Present the topics to be discussed namely:
i.
Parts of the Brain
ii.
Functions of the Brain
2. Encourage students to formulate questions
about the discussion that begin with What,
How and Why. For Example:
What are the different parts of the brain?
How much of our brain do we use at once?
Why do we need to study the brain?
3. Discussion and Activities
1. Introduction: What is the Brain?

Lecture:
Brain is the third largest and major organ of

of the brain
(BROCAs
AREA)
8. Part of the
brain that is
responsible
for Balance
and
Coordination
(CEREBELLU
M)
9. Part of the
Brain that is
responsible
for motor
and sensory
functions
(CEREBRUM)
10.Sensory
speech area
of the brain
(WERNICKES
AREA)

human body. Its average weight in a normal

human body is 1,263 grams. The brain controls
the actions of all the body parts. There are about
100 billion cells in human brain which make
about 100 trillion nerve connections with nerve
cells for messaging.
2. Parts of the Brain
Lecture:
The brain has four major parts namely:
i.
Cerebrum
ii.
Cerebellum
iii.
Diencephalon
iv.
Brain Stem
Each of these parts are divided into subparts. You
can see these divisions based on the diagrams.
3. Parts of The Cerebrum
Lecture:
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It
includes the nerve centers that are associated
with sensory and motor functions. It also provides
higher mental functions such as memory and
reasoning.
The cerebrum is the seat of intelligence and it
provides us with the ability to read, write and
speak. It allows us to make calculations, compose
music, and to remember the past, plan for the
future and imagine things that never existed
before.
It has two large masses namely:
i.
Left Cerebral Hemisphere
ii.
Right Cerebral Hemisphere
Important parts to note are:
i.
Corpus Callosum: deep bridge of nerve
fibers that connect the two hemispheres.

ii.
iii.
iv.

Gyri (Gyrus singular): ridges of the brain

Sulcus: shallow grooves of the brain
Fissure: a deep groove of the brain

Certain fissures further separate the brain into

different parts namely:
i.
Longitudinal Fissure: separates the right
and left cerebral hemispheres
ii.
Transverse Fissure: separates the cerebrum
from the cerebellum
The cerebrum is also divided into four lobes that
are bordered by different sulci:
i.
Frontal Lobe: the anterior portion of the
brain and bordered by the central sulcus
and the lateral sulcus.
ii.
Parietal Lobe: Posterior to the frontal lobe
and separated by the central sulcus.
iii.
Temporal Lobe: lies below the parietal and
frontal lobes and separated by the lateral
sulcus.
iv.
Occipital Lobe is the posterior portion of
the cerebrum and separated by the
tentorium cerebelli, an extension of the
dura mater.
v.
Insulah: located deep in the lateral sulcus
and is covered by parts of the frontal
parietal and temporal lobes and is
separated by the circular sulcus.
A special part of the cerebrum is the cerebral
cortex (Grey Matter). This is the outermost
portion of the cerebrum. The layers covers the
gyri and dips into the sulci and fissures. Beneath
this is a mass of myelinated axons known as
White Matter.
4. Functions of the Cerebrum
Activity:

Students will be given symbols that represent

functions (example, eye representing vision).
They will stick the symbols on a diagram of the
cerebrum to see if they know what area is
responsible for what task.
Lecture:
The cerebrum is responsible for sensory and
motor functions of the brain.
i.
Frontal Lobe
Motor areas involved with the control of
voluntary muscles
Concentration, Planning and Problem
Solving
Auditory Area
ii.
Temporal Lobe
Interpretation of Sensory Experiences
Memory of Visual and Auditory Patterns
iii.
Parietal Lobe
Cutaneous and Other Senses
Understanding speech using words
iv.
Occipital Lobe
Combining visual images, visual
recognition of objects
v.
Wernickes Area: Sensory Speech Area
vi.
Brocas Area: Motor Speech Area
5. Parts of the Cerebellum
Lecture:
The cerebellum is a large mass of tissue located
below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. It
consists of two lateral hemispheres partially
separated by a later of dura mater (falx cerebelli)
and connected by a midline structure known as
the vermis. It is composed of white matter and a
thin layer of grey matter known as the cerebellar
cortex.
The cerebellum accounts for 1/10 of the brain

mass but contains nearly half the neurons of the

brain. It is separated from the cerebrum by the
transverse fissure and the tentorium cerebelli.
The cerebellum is in the shape of a butterfly
when viewed inferiorly or superiorly. In the middle
is the body the butterfly called the vermis
(worm). Its hemispheres make up its wings. It
has two hemispheres namely:
i.
Left Cerebellar Hemisphere
ii.
Right Cerebellar Hemisphere
Each hemisphere has both and Anterior and
Posterior Lobe. It also has a Flocculonodular lobe
on the inferior surface.
Other important parts to know are:
i.
Folia: Parallel ridges found on the cortex.
(Leaves)
ii.
Arbor Vitae: White matter that resemble
the branches of a tree (Tree of Life).
There are also three cerebral peduncles that
attach the cerebellum to the brain stem. These
are:
i.
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncles
ii.
Middle Cerebellar Peduncles
iii.
Superior Cerebellar Peduncles
6. Functions of the Cerebellum
Activity:
Students will be paired together and given one
shoelace per team. The pairs will stand side-byside with one hand behind the others back. This
leaves one free hand each. The students must
then tie two knots on the shoelace together as
though they were one person.

Lecture:

The cerebellum is able to compare intended

movements with what is actually happening. It
also regulates posture and balance.
i.
Anterior and Posterior Lobe: subconscious
aspects of skeletal muscle movements.
ii.
Flocculonodular Lobe: equilibrium and
balance.
iii.
Inferior Cerebellar peduncles: carry
sensory information from the vestibular
apparatus of the inner ear and from
proprioceptors throughout the body into
the cerebellum
iv.
Middle Cerebellar Peduncles: carry
commands for voluntary movements from
the pontine nuclei into the cerebellum
v.
Superior Cerebellar Peduncles: contain
axons that extend from the cerebellum to
the red nuclei of the midbrain and to
several nuclei o the thalamus.
D. GENERALIZATION
Allow the students to answer the questions
previously posted and to elaborate what they
learned today.
E. SUMMARY
1. The major parts of the brain are the brain
stem, cerebellum, diencephalon and the
cerebrum.
2. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain.
3. The cerebrum has two hemispheres which are
divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal,
temporal and occipital.
4. The cerebrum is responsible for motor and
sensory functions of the brain.
5. The cerebellum has two hemispheres and a
central vermis.
6. The cerebellum is connected to the brain stem
by three pairs of peduncles.

7. The cerebellum is responsible for the

contractions of skeletal muscles and maintains
normal muscle tone, posture and balance.