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Rita Hofmann
ILFORD Imaging Switzerland
NANOCONVENTION 2007
Lay-out
Company Profile ILFORD
Products
Technology
Advantages of nano particles
Risk assessment
Outlook
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~ 200
50
FO&E
70
100
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1879
1879
Traditional photo
50%
Ink-jet
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Colorants for
Photo-quality
IJ printers
IJ Proof papers
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IJ Photo papers
ILFORD Products
Sales of ILFORD in product categories
in 2006
Desktop Inkjet
Papers
56%
Technological Background
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Company BACKGROUND
Business
Photography
AgX
Core-shell
particles
Competence
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Ink-Jet
DyeSynthesis
Imaging
InkFormulation
Webcoating
forestry
Pulp
& Paper
making
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Base Paper
making
Raw
materials
Dispersion
making
Ink
Coating
Solution
making
Front and
backing
layer
coating
Photo Prinitng
Photo
performance
Curtain Coating
Ink Jet
Thickness of layers
dry
1 50
wet
10 500
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Polymer
time
Polymer technology
Nanoporous
SiO2
time
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Nanoporous technology
Wet
Advantages Nanoparticles
Faster drying, faster printing
Water fast
Fine Pores=better transparency
better transparency =>
=>better Gloss
=> better colour brilliance
Receiving layer
12
Size of particles in dispersion
dv50 16nm
all particles < 43 nm
10
Vol %
Silica/Alumina
PE
6
4
2
Paper support
0
0
10
20
30
40
Diameter of particles [nm]
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50
ink overload
2.50
Cr
Mg
Yb
Rg
Rb
Gr
Gb
2.00
1 00
Br
Bg
K
3K
1. 5 0
80
4K
W
60
1. 0 0
40
0.50
20
0
0.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10 0
-80
-60
-4 0
-2 0
20
40
60
80
- 20
OD, gamut
Film transparency
Dye adsorption
characteristics
- 40
- 60
bronzing
feathering
Other
properties
ozone fastness
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Primary size
(nm)
Mean
Particle
Sizes (nm)
Pigment Ink
Typ
Magenta1
Magenta2
PR122
PR122
60
32
36
130
108
Cyan 1
Cyan 2
Yellow 1
Yellow 4
PB15:3
PB15:3
PY155
PY74
85
90
65
32
36
36
35
129
86
160
111
120
120
100
100
80
80
G
G
R
60
-80
-60
-40
40
20
20
-20
L=90
20
60
40
0
-100
0
40
60
80
100
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
L=20
L=90
20
60
80
100
-20
L=70
L=70
L=60
L=60
C
40
L=80
L=80
-20
-40
L=50
L=40
L=30
L=20
-60
-40
Inkset 2
M2,C2,Y4 - Gamut Total 33,452
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L=40
L=30
-60
B
B
-80
L=50
-80
Inkset 1
M1,C1,Y1 - Gamut Total 22,329
BET
m2/g63
97
48
130
50
47
Success factors
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Ink-Jet
Energy
Key factors
KMU have limited means (per year and cumulated ) for Investments.
Important was :
Motivation to change and take a risk
Evolutionary and not revolutionary technology
Existing production machine could be used ( with modifications)
Traditional production could run in parallel
Additional investments were modest
Essential know how was available in the company, special know-how in
Switzerland (collaboration with universities)
Nano particle were only used in a closed production process, so that
the HS&E risk for could be estimated.
There was a need for the product in a world wide existing market.
Assures fast sales
But also means that the competition will follow very soon. (other
companies, other technologies)
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Investments
New background technology is only slowly paid back in a traditional company, it
must replace existing and proven technology
Research effort had to be invested for more than 4 years (first patents) before
the technology reached the development stage.
Considerably more effort was necessary for the development stage (about
10x cumulated)
Introduction into production took more than a year. Total time to large scale
production was more than 8 years before first profits were made with the
technology.
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45
40
Nano
35
Traditionel
50%
40%
30
25
30%
20
15
20%
10
10%
5
0
0%
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
60%
50%
% Forschung
% Produktion
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
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Risk Management
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Industrial Production
Use of harmless raw materials or adapted manufacturing processes, work safety and strict
work practice
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NO
Reassess if change in
use/manufacture/disposal
NO
NO
YES
Are the particles of a substance
whose toxicology is known
YES
Are particles homogeneous
YES
Are particles soluble in aqueous media
YES
NO
Are particles less than 0.1um
NO
YES
YES
Does rapid coalescence with other particles
occur
NO
YES
NO
Industrial Nanochemistry
Beispiel :
Dry powder
Source: www.cabot-corp.com
Density (uncompressed):
40 kg/m3
1000 kg
25
m3 = 25000 l
Big-bag
1 m3
25 big-bags
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Risk Management
Risk management
Measures at ILFORD
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Further progress
Silo-Technology
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Outlook
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Maturity of technology
Photography
Ink-Jet
new technology
about 150
years
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products
ca.20
years
today
time
Ilford competences
Polymer
Sol-Gel
Aqueous coating of
flexible hybrid films
Design & Synthesis
of organic dyes and
functional hybrid
nanoparticles
Nanoparticle
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Formulation
of soluble
&
pigmented
inks
The future
Thank you
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