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yarifah Aqla (221 13 011)

1. Sebuah pengukuran detonation pressure dengan aquarium test, dengan melakukan
peledakan pada sebuah wadah yang telah di isi air, dan kemudian sebuah
photograph akan menangkap ledakan yang terjadi (shock velocity and particle
velocity).
DP= x VOD x p v
Dimana:
DP
: detonation pressure (kbar)

: density (g/cc)
VOD
Pv

: velocity of detonation (ft/sec)

: explosive particle velocity (in. / sec)

2. Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) pressure

2
D
PCJ =
+1 ,
dimana
PCJ

: detonation pressure,
: density dari explosive,

: ratio heats dari detonation,

: detonation velocity.

3. Maximum detonation pressure of an explosive

5

P=x 1 + x i b i1 + x i SSPi
i=2

i=6

Dimana :
xi
SSPi

: adjustable parameter
: parameter dari specific structural.

4. Chapman-Jouguet detonation pressure equation

1

PCJ =7.83 ( T ad ) 2 020.69

P' CJ =9.02 ( T ' ad ) 2 021.2

Dimana :
T ad=298.15Qad / C v
T ' ad=298.15Qad / C p

5. Detonation pressure approximation

7
2
4.18 x 10 SGeVe
P=
1+ 0.8 SGe
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yarifah Aqla (221 13 011)
Dimana:
P
: the detonation pressure (dalam kilobar, 1 kilobar = 14.504 psi)
Sge
: the specific gravity of the explosive
Ve : the detonation velocity in ft per second
6. Explosion Pressure Calculation
N RT
Pe = g e
V e
Dimana:
Pe
Ng

: explosion pressure
:

total

moles

of

gaseous

product

per

kilogram

11
=34.79 moles /kg
0.3162
R

: gas constant, 8.314 nt-meter/mole K

Ve

: specific volume of explosive gases, liter/kg

: co-volume factor, liter/kg

7. Explosion Pressure
2

P
V
Pe = d = d
2
8

V
Pd = d
4

Dimana :
Pe : explosion pressure
Pd : detonation pressure
8. Dinamic Pressure
Dinamic pressure terjadi selama blast loading dari struktur ketika fungsi dari waktu
pressure berakhir,
Pd =5 P 2s +2( P s +7 P0)
Dimana :
Pd

: peak dinamic pressure (kPa)

Ps

: peak side-on pressure (kPa)

P0

: Ambient pressure (kPa)

Reflected Pressure
Pr=2 P s .+ 4 Ps /(7 P0 =Ps )
Dimana :
Pr

: peak reflected pressure (kPa)

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yarifah Aqla (221 13 011)
Ps

: peak side-on pressure (kPa)

P0

: Ambient pressure (kPa)

Denotation Pressure
Pdet
= 2.5 . V d

. (D/0.0000001)

Dimana :
Pdet

: Denotation pressure (GPa)

Vd

: Velocity of detonation of explosive (m/s)

3
: Density (g/ cm

9. Radial strain and explosive energy for concentrated charge

n
P
D
= m2
1 /3
C W

[ ]

Dimana:
D
W 1/ 3 : scaled distance,
Pm

: explosion pressure,
: explosion density,

c : wave velocity, dan

: strain wave
10. Empirical formula for predicting detonation pressure for mixed explosives.
Sebuah tekanan detonasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh density load dari peledak,
o 2
P=Pmax (
)
............................ (1)
max
Dimana
P : tekanan dari detonasi dalam keadaan density load
Pmax

: maximum detonation pressure.

Pmax = P emax i

evi

e max i max

............................ (2)

Dimana
Pmax
: detonation pressure untuk mixed explosives,
Pe maxi : theoritical detonation pressure for species i in the meixtures,
evi

: volume fraction of the species.

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yarifah Aqla (221 13 011)
Dari kedua persamaan (1) dan (2) dapat diperoleh:
g ei
1
2
P= Pe max i
0
e max i max

)( )

Persamaan diatas merupakan persamaan empiris yang digunakan untuk melakukan

prediksi terhadap tekanan dari mixed explosives.

Refference
1. Burchell, H.J., 1987, Explosives and Rock Blasting, Atlas Powder Company, Texas
2. Cooper, P.W., 1996, Explosives Engineering, Wiley-VCH, New York.
3. Keshavarz, M.H., 2006, Theoretocal Prediction of Detonation Pressure of CHNO
High Energy Material, Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences Vol.
14, pp 77-80.
4. Keshavarz, M.H., and Pouretedal, H.R., 2006, Calculation of Detonation Pressure
of Condensed CHNOF Explosives, Journal of the Chinese Institute of EngineersVol
29, pp 145-151.
5. Konya, C.J., and Walter, E.J., 1990, Surface Blast Design, Prentice Hall,
Englewood Cliff, New Jersey.
6. LuleA, 1983, First International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting,
Symposie Publication no. 1, Sweden.
7. Saharan, M.R., Mitri, H.S., and Jethwa, J.L., 2006, Rock Fracturing by Explosive
Energy: Review of State-of-the-art, International Journal for Blasting and
Fragmentation Vol. 10 (1-2), pp 61-81.
8. The International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, 2013, International
Ammunition Technical Guideline, USA
9. Zagreba, S.V., 2003, Fragm: A Blasting Fragmentation Model of Rocks, Master of
Science in Mining Engineering, Morgantown, West Virginia. Thesis
10. Zhang, Q., and Chang, Y., 2012, Prediction of Detonation Pressure and Velocity of
Explosives with Micrometer Aluminum Powders, Journal of Energetic Materials
Vol 9, Beijing. Pp 77-86

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