Performance analysis of Buck Converter Using IGBT & MOSFET

Vinod.S.Patil1*,Basavaraj V. Madiggond2*
1Lecturer, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Jain College of Engineering, Machhe 590014,
Belgaum, Karnataka, India. email:vinodsunp@gmail.com
2Associate Professor, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Jain College of Engineering, Machhe , 590014,
Belgaum, Karnataka, India.email:basavarajvma@gmail.com
Abstract. This paper presents the MATLAB SIMULINK model for dynamic behavior of buck converter that uses two
different power semi conductor switch (IGBT & MOSFET). Here an effort is made to minimize output ripples while
increasing the transient response. We can visual observe the effect of variations of filter components on the output voltage and
transient response of Buck Converter.
Keywords: Buck converter, continuous conduction mode, transient response, switching frequency, peak over shoot.

1. Introduction
The role played by power converting circuits is extremely important to almost any electronic system built today. The
growing demand of computers in medical instruments, aircraft, defiance, space market, industrial automation and commercial
applications impede the general power quality solutions, but sparked the need of precise solutions. With the increasing
demand of uninterrupted and high quality power for critical loads, power converter should be properly design to match the
nature of the load, the type of power distribution, the quality of local power and the required reliability. Recent advances in
power converter endorses high efficiency, high power density. Lower operating voltages, increased current requirements and
the dynamic characteristics of microprocessor based or microcontroller based system create new demands on power
distribution and management [1]. The increasing, power consumption required by microprocessors has addressed
motherboards design houses to undertake development of DC-DC converters for high efficiency applications [2].
Switching converters are integral to modern electronics .They can convert a voltage source into a lower regulated voltage or
higher regulated voltage. Buck converters transfer small packets of energy using a switch, a diode, an inductor and several
capacitors. Buck converters offer higher efficiency in most cases [3]. In converters, the switching capabilities of power
devices are utilized to achieve the high efficiency. The non ideal nature of switches and their conduction mode resistance, and
because the voltage and current cannot suddenly become zero in switching times, there is some power loss on them. Due to
these effects, the typical efficiency of such converters are actually about 70% to 95% [4].
The step- down DC- DC converter, commonly known as a buck converter. It consists of dc input voltage source V S,
controlled switch S, diode D, filter inductor L, filter capacitor C, and load resistance R. The dc-dc converters can operate in
two distinct modes with respect to the inductor current i L .One CCM in which the inductor current is always greater than zero.
The assumption is that the inductor current is always positive. The state of the converter in which the inductor current is never
zero for any period of time is called the continuous conduction mode (CCM). When the switch S is on, the diode D is reversebiased. When the switch S is off, the diode conducts to support an uninterrupted current in the inductor. Two when the
average value of the output current is low (high R) and or the switching frequency f is low, the converter may enter the
discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). In the DCM, the inductor current is zero during a portion of the switching period.
The CCM is preferred for high efficiency and good utilization of semiconductor switches and passive components. The DCM
may be used in applications with special control requirements because the dynamic order of the converter is reduced (the
energy stored in the inductor is zero at the beginning and at the end of each switching period). It is uncommon to mix these
two operating modes because of different control algorithms [5].

2.

Theoretical analysis of open loop Buck Converter

The name Buck Converter presumably evolves from the fact that the input voltage is bucked/chopped or attenuated, in
amplitude and a lower amplitude voltage appears at the output. A buck converter, or step-down voltage regulator, provides
non-isolated, switch-mode dc-dc conversion with the advantages of simplicity and low cost. Fig. 2. (a) shows a simplified
non-isolated buck converter that accepts a dc input and uses pulse-width modulation (PWM) of switching frequency to
control the output of an internal power MOSFET. An external diode, together with external inductor and output capacitor,
produces the regulated dc output. Buck, or step down converters produce an average output voltage lower than the input
source voltage.

Fig. 2. (a) open loop Buck Converter

2.1

Mode 1 of operation

When the switch is ON, the current through the inductor increases and the energy stored in the inductor increases. The
circuit is reduced as shown in Fig.2(b),

Fig. 2. (b) Switch is ON for K period

VL L

di
dt

Assuming that the inductor current linearly rises

Vs Vo L

I2 I1
t1

T1 is the period for which the switch is ON. The time period is denoted by Ton = KTs=DT

Fig.2.(c) Switching wave forms of buck Converter

2.2

Mode 2 of operation

For a period (1-K) Ts= Toff = (1-D) Ts this is time period t 2 for which the switch S is OFF The input is zero so
Vs= 0 and the freewheeling diode conducts for the time period t 2 the equivalent circuit is shown in fig.2.(d). The
switching wave forms are shown in fig.2.(c)

Fig.1. (d) Switch is OFF for (1-K) Ts period

I1 I2
t1
I
Vo L
t2
I
t2 L
Vo
Vo t2 (Vg Vo)t1
I

L
L
Vo L

Simplifying the above equation

(Vg Vo)t1 Vo t 2
t1
Vo t1t 2 Vg K Vg

K=

t1
=Duty Cycle
t 1+t 2
The critical values of inductance and capacitance is given by

(1K ) X R
Lcmin
2 x Fs
C cmin

(1K)
16 X Lc X F s2

3 Experimental simulation of Open loop Buck Converter

The buck converter is designed to meet the specification mentioned in table. 1
Table.1. Specification of Buck Converter
Vs
230 V
Vo
24 V
Io
2.5A
Po
60W
Fs
10K
R
9.6

Vo

Io

Fig.3.(a) Circuit diagram of Buck Converter in MATLAB

Fig.3.(b) Output Waveforms of Buck Converter

3.

Results &
Discussion
The
Buck
Converter is
simulated
different
switching
frequencies
transient
response of
buck
converter is
tabulated as
in table .2

IGBT & MOSFET at 50 KHz

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

and
the
shown

The below
and fig.3(b)
the transient
response of
Converter
respectively using MATLAB SIMULINK tool .

Fig.3.(a) Transient response of converter using IGBT @ 50 KHz

Table.2. Circuit
switching frequencies
SNO

for

fig3.(a)
shows
Buck
using

Fig.3.(b) Transient response of converter using MOSFET@ 50 KHz

Fs

10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000

0.004299
0.00215
0.001433
0.001075
0.00086
0.000717
0.000614
0.000537
0.000478
0.00043

1.30215E-05
6.51073E-06
4.34049E-06
3.25537E-06
2.60429E-06
2.17024E-06
1.86021E-06
1.62768E-06
1.44683E-06
1.30215E-06

components for different

and transient response
Transient response in sec
IGBT
MOSFET
1.50E-03
1.50E-03
6.00E-04
6.00E-04
1.60E-03
4.50E-04
2.40E-03
3.00E-04
2.90E-03
2.60E-04
3.25E-03
2.00E-04
3.60E-03
1.50E-04
3.70E-03
1.00E-04
3.85E-03
9.00E-05
3.95E-03
6.00E-05

A plot of switching frequency versus transient response of the Buck converter is shown in fig 3.(c) .The optimum values
of switching frequency for the MOSFET is 100 KHz and the optimum value of the switching frequency for IGBT is 20
KHz. The ripples at the output of the converter are well within the permissible limits of 40mv volts.

Fig.3.(c) Plot of Transient stability of Buck Converter using IGBT & MOSFET

4. Conclusion
Buck Converter is mostly used in voltage regulator Module, the voltage regulator module which is a switching power
supply, required to give output with shortest possible time response. The theoretical analysis is based on application of
different equations, which describe process of converter. The comparative analysis of Buck converter is implemented
in MATLAB SIMULINK module which shows the best operating frequencies for two different devices. The
simulation shows that switching frequency greatly influence transient response of system. The trade off is between
output ripples and transient response of the buck converter.
References

[I] Kursun V., Narendra S.G., De V.K., and Friendman E.G., - Analysis of buck converters for on-chip integration with a dual
supply voltage microprocessor, in IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, June 2003, vol.11,
no.3, pp.514-522
[2] D. Lindenmeyer, A. Kiep, High density DC-DC Conversion Offers Various Customer Benefits, PClM ConJ Rec
Rosemont, Illinois, USA, pp. 142-149, 2002,
[3] Adrian Tautl, Serban Lungu and Ovidiu pOp .Educational Platform for Closed-loop Simulation of Power Converters
Applied Electronics Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca 26-28 G. Baritiu Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
[4] R. Erickson, DC-DC Converter,Article in Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering.
[5] Muhammad h. Rashid. Power Electronics Handbook Academic press , pp. 211213, 2001.

[6] Mohan, Undeland, Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design, Wiley (Third Edition)