Individual Current Harmonics in Percent of IL

6.0%

Simulation

5.0%

IEEE limit
4.0%

3.0%

2.0%

1.0%

0.0%

11 13 17 19 23 25 29 31 35 37 41 43 47 49 53 55 59 61 65 67 71 73 77 79 83 85 89 91 95 97 101 103

harm_volt

Individual Voltage Harmonics in Percent of the PCC voltage

0.0%

Simulation
IEEE limit

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%
5

11

13

17

19

23

25

29

31

35

37

41

43

47

49

53

55

Page 2

59

61

65

67

71

73

77

79

83

85

89

91

95

97

101 103

Graphs

POWER :
Z:
DEMAND:

16
8
13000

MVA
%
kVA

Isc:
IL:

303.9
19751.5

kA
Amp

Harmonic Calculator WEG

V1.00

(PCC)

Ie (Estimated Waveform)

Copyright(C) 2009 WEG. All rights reserved.

Voltage at PCC (rms)

Volts
VFD

Rectifier

6 pulse

Case Study:

12 pulse

Estimated

Results

18 pulse
Motor

Motor Voltage (rms)

Volts
Motor Rated Current (rms)
9.5

Amp

Motor Power
5.4
kW

Company Name

IEEE-519

% LOAD
Ie(1)
Ie RMS
IL
THDi
TDD
THDv
Isc / IL

0.04
8.6
8.7
19751.5
8.66
0.00
0.00
15.4

%
Amp
Amp
Amp
%
%
%

FP:
MotorPower:
Ni
PCCPower:
Fund_IL:
I_source:
freq:
L_pcc:

limite_TDD:
limite_TDD:
ISC/IL:

0.86
5377.32
0.953
5642.52
8.57
24309.4850185106
60
1.91516448187247E-006

5
0.05
15.3846153846

pcc_power_kV

5.6425235437

ctrl thdv
ctrl tdd
soma ctrl

0
0
0
0

amarelo
vermelho

0
0

Lfonte
relao tr
Lfonte_ref
Queda%_Ref
QuedasS
Queda%LIM

1.91516448187247E-006
1
1.91516448187247E-006
3.12635170766182E-005
0.050031264
0.0500312635

Henry
Henry

Harmnicas de Corrente
N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

(N-1)
0.0909091
0.0434783
0.0285714
0.0212766
0.0169492
0.0140845
0.0120482
0.0105263
0.0093458
0.0084034
0.0076336
0.006993
0.0064516
0.005988
0.0055866
0.0052356
0.0049261
0.0046512
0.0044053
0.0041841
0.0039841
0.0038023

(N+1)
0.0769231
0.04
0.027027
0.0204082
0.0163934
0.0136986
0.0117647
0.0103093
0.0091743
0.0082645
0.0075188
0.0068966
0.0063694
0.0059172
0.0055249
0.0051813
0.004878
0.0046083
0.0043668
0.0041494
0.0039526
0.0037736

(N-1)^2
0.0082644628
0.0018903592
0.0008163265
0.0004526935
0.0002872738
0.0001983733
0.0001451589
0.0001108033
8.73438728273212E-005
7.06164818868724E-005
5.82716624905309E-005
4.89021468042447E-005
4.16233090530697E-005
3.58564308508731E-005
0.00003121
2.7411529289219E-005
2.42665437161785E-005
2.16333153055706E-005
1.94065477692173E-005
1.75066963113391E-005
1.58727639243822E-005
1.44573436076855E-005

(N+1)^2
0.0059171598
0.0016
0.0007304602
0.0004164931
0.000268745
0.0001876525
0.0001384083
0.0001062812
0.000084168
6.83013455365071E-005
5.65323082141444E-005
4.75624256837099E-005
4.05695971439004E-005
3.50127796645776E-005
3.05240987759836E-005
2.68463582914978E-005
2.37953599048186E-005
2.12363821699335E-005
0.000019069
1.72173344122863E-005
1.5622803043322E-005
1.42399430402278E-005

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77

0.0036364
0.0034843
0.0033445
0.0032154
0.003096
0.0029851
0.0028818
0.0027855
0.0026954
0.002611
0.0025316
0.002457
0.0023866
0.0023202
0.0022573
0.0021978
0.0021413
0.0020877
0.0020367
0.0019881
0.0019417
0.0018975
0.0018553
0.0018149
0.0017762
0.0017391
0.0017036
0.0016694
0.0016367
0.0016051
0.0015748
0.0015456
0.0015175
0.0014903
0.0014641
0.0014388
0.0014144
0.0013908
0.001368
0.0013459
0.0013245
0.0013038
0.0012837
0.0012642
0.0012453
0.001227
0.0012092
0.0011919
0.0011751
0.0011587
0.0011429
0.0011274
0.0011123
0.0010977
0.0010834

0.0036101
0.0034602
0.0033223
0.0031949
0.0030769
0.0029674
0.0028653
0.0027701
0.002681
0.0025974
0.0025189
0.002445
0.0023753
0.0023095
0.0022472
0.0021882
0.0021322
0.002079
0.0020284
0.0019802
0.0019342
0.0018904
0.0018484
0.0018083
0.0017699
0.0017331
0.0016978
0.0016639
0.0016313
0.0016
0.0015699
0.0015408
0.0015129
0.0014859
0.0014599
0.0014347
0.0014104
0.001387
0.0013643
0.0013423
0.001321
0.0013004
0.0012804
0.001261
0.0012422
0.001224
0.0012063
0.0011891
0.0011723
0.0011561
0.0011403
0.0011249
0.0011099
0.0010953
0.0010811

1.32231404958678E-005
1.21404897473564E-005
1.11855572085323E-005
0.000010339
9.58506263838434E-006
8.91067052795723E-006
0.000008305
7.75909559981689E-006
7.26527706134074E-006
6.81714375311032E-006
6.40922929017786E-006
6.03686107371611E-006
0.000005696
5.3832612873531E-006
5.09556736594836E-006
4.83033450066417E-006
4.58528398956389E-006
4.35841893994535E-006
0.000004148
3.95242856973467E-006
3.77038363653502E-006
3.60063227102679E-006
3.44209196581314E-006
3.29379679250068E-006
3.15488265413968E-006
3.02457466918715E-006
2.9021763420389E-006
2.7870602367329E-006
2.67865992001522E-006
2.57646298009167E-006
0.00000248
2.38886407124548E-006
2.30265657489045E-006
0.000002221
2.1436732698949E-006
2.07028621706951E-006
2.0006041824631E-006
1.93438189728045E-006
1.87139405757531E-006
1.811433405368E-006
1.75430902153414E-006
1.69984480416938E-006
1.64787810975198E-006
1.59825853749754E-006
1.55084683991694E-006
1.50551394482291E-006
1.46214007594356E-006
1.42061396094164E-006
1.38083211705038E-006
1.34269820575239E-006
1.30612244897959E-006
0.000001271
1.2373159647167E-006
1.20493396359413E-006
1.17380673741591E-006

1.30328819611881E-005
0.000011973
1.10374057681483E-005
1.02073104757627E-005
9.46745562130178E-006
8.80521973425847E-006
8.21011321746127E-006
7.67336039471766E-006
7.18757412185813E-006
6.74650025299376E-006
6.3448153341497E-006
0.000005978
0.000005642
5.33364624057945E-006
5.04986744097968E-006
4.78814837514185E-006
4.54626047344757E-006
4.32224964449497E-006
4.11439668544203E-006
3.92118419762768E-006
3.74126881390555E-006
3.57345778495646E-006
3.4166891598703E-006
0.00000327
3.13258673349518E-006
3.00364341946781E-006
2.88250062694389E-006
2.76854161533329E-006
2.66120941322994E-006
0.00000256
2.46445637788988E-006
2.37416340417046E-006
2.2887432739557E-006
2.2078515617238E-006
2.13117374393947E-006
2.05842213709503E-006
1.98933319540623E-006
1.92366512068113E-006
1.86119574381757E-006
1.80172064321427E-006
1.74505147029312E-006
0.000001691
1.63944907953131E-006
1.59020687001172E-006
1.54315034142201E-006
1.49815202947165E-006
1.45509362799949E-006
1.41386521057402E-006
1.37436452820127E-006
1.33649637475358E-006
1.30017201275729E-006
1.26530865306629E-006
1.23182898271867E-006
1.19966073594388E-006
1.16873630387144E-006

THDi

8.66E-02

78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100

0.0010695
0.001056
0.0010428
0.0010299
0.0010173
0.001005
0.000993
0.0009814
0.0009699
0.0009588
0.0009479
0.0009372
0.0009268
0.0009166
0.0009066
0.0008969
0.0008873
0.000878
0.0008688
0.0008598
0.0008511
0.0008425
0.000834

0.0010672
0.0010537
0.0010406
0.0010277
0.0010152
0.001003
0.0009911
0.0009794
0.0009681
0.0009569
0.0009461
0.0009355
0.0009251
0.0009149
0.000905
0.0008953
0.0008857
0.0008764
0.0008673
0.0008584
0.0008496
0.000841
0.0008326

1.14387028510967E-006
1.11506463472155E-006
1.08733354282626E-006
1.06062421977831E-006
1.03488707829645E-006
1.01007550314386E-006
9.86145639904975E-007
9.63056201070726E-007
9.40768287829939E-007
9.19245226129729E-007
8.98452415713933E-007
8.78357190978569E-007
8.58928692598869E-007
8.40137748985324E-007
0.000000822
8.04359629190211E-007
7.87321602766333E-007
7.7081924982329E-007
7.54830348105112E-007
7.39333815871871E-007
7.24309642372114E-007
7.09738823210447E-007
6.95603300220298E-007

0.000001139
1.11036963094645E-006
1.0828124103296E-006
1.05626847809669E-006
1.03068875776238E-006
0.000001006
9.82240116454388E-007
9.59286904486681E-007
9.3712895550418E-007
9.1572995123738E-007
8.95055623231706E-007
8.7507361556791E-007
8.55753358190116E-007
8.37065949914996E-007
0.000000819
8.01481779513965E-007
7.84534625827978E-007
7.68119359603528E-007
7.52213953719284E-007
7.36797509624417E-007
7.21850188655547E-007
7.07353148181289E-007
6.93288482190459E-007

Ie - spectrum
(N-1)
(N+1)
0.779357054 0.659455969
0.372735982 0.342917104
0.244940788 0.231700746
0.182402715 0.174957706
0.145303858 0.140539797
0.120745459 0.1174373643
0.103288284 0.100857972
0.090241343 0.088380697
0.080120819 0.0786507119
0.072041408 0.070850641
0.065442195 0.064458102
0.059950543 0.059123639
0.05530921 0.054604634
0.051334896 0.050727382
0.04789345 0.047364241
0.044884438 0.044419314
0.0422311704 0.041819159
0.039874082 0.039506579
0.037766201 0.037436365
0.03586999 0.035572314
0.03415509 0.033885089
0.032596683 0.03235067

(N-1)^2
0.6073974181
0.1389321126
0.0599959899
0.0332707504
0.021113211
0.0145794659
0.0106684697
0.0081435
0.0064193456
0.0051899645
0.0042826809
0.0035940676
0.0030591087
0.0026352715
0.0022937826
0.0020146127
0.0017834718
0.0015899424
0.0014262859
0.0012866562
0.0011665702
0.0010625437

(N+1)^2
0.4348821751
0.1175921401
0.0536852356
0.0306101989
0.0197514344
0.0137915345
0.0101723305
0.0078111476
0.0061859345
0.0050198134
0.0041548469
0.0034956046
0.0029816661
0.0025732673
0.0022433713
0.0019730755
0.0017488421
0.0015607698
0.0014014814
0.0012653895
0.0011481993
0.0010465659

0.0311742822 0.030949197
0.029870828 0.029664109
0.028671999 0.028481487
0.027565684 0.027389545
0.026541572 0.026378239
0.025590829 0.025438954
0.024705843 0.024564262
0.023880021 0.023747722
0.023107622 0.02298372
0.022383623 0.022267344
0.021703614 0.021594276
0.021063704 0.020960703
0.020460448 0.020363248
0.019890783 0.019798909
0.019351981 0.019265006
0.018841599 0.018759141
0.018357447 0.018279163
0.017897552 0.017823134
0.017460138 0.017389305
0.017043594 0.016976094
0.016646461 0.016582065
0.016267415 0.016205912
0.015905246 0.015846447
0.015558852 0.015502582
0.015227225 0.015173323
0.014909439 0.01485776
0.014604647 0.014555055
0.014312066 0.014264439
0.014030978
0.0139852
0.013760718 0.013716684
0.013500673 0.013458285
0.013250274 0.013209442
0.013008995 0.012969633
0.012776345 0.012738377
0.012551871 0.012515223
0.012335148 0.012299753
0.012125782 0.012091576
0.0119234042 0.0118903295
0.0117276711 0.011695672
0.0115382606 0.0115072854
0.011354871 0.0113248713
0.0111772198 0.0111481503
0.0110050418 0.01097686
0.010838088 0.010810754
0.010676124 0.010649599
0.01051893 0.010493179
0.010366297 0.010341288
0.010218031 0.010193731
0.010073945 0.010050325
0.009933867 0.009910899
0.009797632 0.009775288
0.009665082 0.009643338
0.009536071 0.009514903
0.009410458 0.009389844
0.0092881122 0.00926803

0.0009718359
0.0008922664
0.0008220835
0.0007598669
0.000704455
0.0006548905
0.0006103787
0.0005702554
0.0005339622
0.0005010266
0.0004710469
0.0004436796
0.0004186299
0.0003956433
0.0003744992
0.0003550059
0.0003369958
0.0003203224
0.0003048564
0.0002904841
0.0002771047
0.0002646288
0.0002529769
0.0002420779
0.0002318684
0.0002222914
0.0002132957
0.0002048352
0.0001968683
0.0001893574
0.0001822682
0.0001755698
0.0001692339
0.000163235
0.0001575495
0.0001521559
0.0001470346
0.0001421676
0.0001375383
0.0001331315
0.0001289331
0.0001249302
0.0001211109
0.0001174642
0.0001139796
0.0001106479
0.0001074601
0.0001044081
0.0001014844
9.8681722E-005
9.5993584E-005
9.3413807E-005
9.0936645E-005
8.8556727E-005
0.000086269

0.0009578528
0.0008799594
0.0008111951
0.0007501872
0.0006958115
0.0006471404
0.000603403
0.0005639543
0.0005282514
0.0004958346
0.0004663128
0.0004393511
0.0004146619
0.0003919968
0.0003711404
0.0003519054
0.0003341278
0.0003176641
0.0003023879
0.0002881878
0.0002749649
0.0002626316
0.0002511099
0.00024033
0.0002302297
0.000220753
0.0002118496
0.0002034742
0.0001955858
0.0001881474
0.0001811254
0.0001744893
0.0001682114
0.0001622662
0.0001566308
0.0001512839
0.0001462062
0.0001413799
0.0001367887
0.0001324176
0.0001282527
0.0001242813
0.0001204915
0.0001168724
0.000113414
0.0001101068
0.0001069422
0.0001039121
0.000101009
9.8225918E-005
9.5556256E-005
0.000092994
9.0533379E-005
8.8169171E-005
8.5896377E-005

IL_rms
TDD:

8.6710605774
0.1517389927

(N-1)
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537

Vpcc - spectrum
(N+1)
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537

0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537

0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537

0.009168907 0.009149336
0.009052722 0.009033643
0.008939445 0.00892084
0.008828968 0.00881082
0.0087211878 0.00870348
0.008616008 0.008598724
0.008513334 0.008496459
0.008413079 0.008396599
0.008315158 0.008299059
0.00821949 0.008203758
0.008125998 0.0081106221
0.008034609 0.008019577
0.007945253 0.007930553
0.007857862 0.007843484
0.007772373 0.007758306
0.007688724 0.007674958
0.007606857 0.007593381
0.007526714 0.0075135211
0.007448243 0.007435323
0.007371391 0.007358736
0.007296109 0.007283711
0.007222348
0.0072102
0.007150065 0.007138158

8.4068847E-005
8.1951773E-005
7.9913674E-005
7.7950670E-005
7.6059116E-005
7.4235588E-005
7.2476860E-005
7.0779900E-005
6.9141848E-005
0.00006756
6.6031839E-005
6.4554939E-005
0.000063127
0.000061746
6.0409785E-005
5.9116481E-005
5.7864270E-005
5.6651428E-005
5.5476323E-005
5.4337404E-005
5.3233201E-005
5.2162317E-005
5.1123425E-005

8.3710345E-005
8.1606713E-005
7.9581393E-005
7.7630544E-005
7.5750561E-005
7.3938050E-005
7.2189823E-005
7.0502875E-005
6.8874375E-005
6.7301653E-005
6.5782191E-005
6.4313612E-005
6.2893668E-005
6.1520235E-005
6.0191305E-005
0.000058905
5.7659441E-005
0.000056453
0.000055284
0.000054151
5.3052443E-005
0.000051987
5.0953298E-005

0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537

0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537
0.0061896537

Vpcc - spectrum
(N-1)^2
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005

(N+1)^2
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005

3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005

3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005

Quedas
THDv:

0.0875349224
0.0003989867

Quedas Computadas at 100 H

6P
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
25
29
31
35
37
41
43
47
49
53
55
59

Simu
32.2432%
9.3166%
6.4984%
3.2930%
2.4729%
1.9152%
1.1137%
1.1003%
0.6812%
0.6290%
0.5256%
0.4213%
0.3977%
0.3394%
0.2826%
0.2731%
0.2111%
0.2062%
0.1782%

61
65
67
71
73
77
79
83
85
89
91
95
97
101
103

0.1591%
0.1539%
0.1368%
0.1260%
0.1205%
0.1026%
0.1007%
0.0894%
0.0832%
0.0809%
0.0732%
0.0710%
0.0667%
0.0667%
0.0667%

5%
NORMALIZED
COMPONENT

HARMONIC
NO
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
25
29
31
35
37
41
43
47
49
53
55

3.23E-01
9.31E-02
6.50E-02
3.29E-02
2.48E-02
1.91E-02
1.12E-02
1.10E-02
6.81E-03
6.29E-03
5.26E-03
4.21E-03
3.98E-03
3.40E-03
2.83E-03
2.73E-03
2.11E-03
2.06E-03

3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005

3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005
3.83118132363806E-005

59
61
65
67
71
73
77
79
83
85
89
91
95
97
101
103

1.78E-03
1.59E-03
1.54E-03
1.37E-03
1.26E-03
1.21E-03
1.03E-03
1.01E-03
8.95E-04
8.32E-04
8.09E-04
7.32E-04
7.11E-04
6.67E-04

uedas Computadas at 100 Harmnica

Harm_IL
2.76E+00
7.99E-01
5.57E-01
2.82E-01
2.12E-01
1.64E-01
9.55E-02
9.43E-02
5.84E-02
5.39E-02
4.51E-02
3.61E-02
3.41E-02
2.91E-02
2.42E-02
2.34E-02
1.81E-02
1.77E-02
1.53E-02

Queda
1.73E-02
6.99E-03
7.66E-03
4.59E-03
4.51E-03
3.90E-03
2.75E-03
2.95E-03
2.12E-03
2.09E-03
1.97E-03
1.67E-03
1.75E-03
1.56E-03
1.42E-03
1.43E-03
1.20E-03
1.22E-03
1.13E-03

Queda^2
0.0002987247
4.88835537916164E-005
5.87284732605558E-005
2.10632189124264E-005
2.03121232554488E-005
1.52184718059015E-005
7.54068361607792E-006
8.69711535377177E-006
4.48482397835613E-006
4.36950696571346E-006
3.89006178263637E-006
2.79260851416497E-006
3.05576210298843E-006
2.44842263622131E-006
2.02787791361241E-006
2.05852789481301E-006
1.43817130253033E-006
1.47885400659975E-006
1.26993784027529E-006

12P
0
0
11
13
0
0
23
25
0
0
35
37
0
0
47
49
0
0
59

1.36E-02
1.32E-02
1.17E-02
1.08E-02
1.03E-02
8.79E-03
8.63E-03
7.67E-03
7.13E-03
6.93E-03
6.27E-03
6.09E-03
5.72E-03
5.72E-03
5.72E-03

1.04E-03
1.07E-03
9.82E-04
9.59E-04
9.43E-04
8.47E-04
8.53E-04
7.96E-04
7.58E-04
7.72E-04
7.14E-04
7.24E-04
6.93E-04
7.22E-04
7.36E-04

1.08217747569438E-006
1.15088863445417E-006
9.65055368903883E-007
9.19386438964635E-007
8.88845886057383E-007
0.000000717
7.27074642774485E-007
6.33346032230519E-007
5.74817703362473E-007
5.9523995422136E-007
5.09800278292428E-007
5.2360629909303E-007
4.80849898710889E-007
5.21325307338695E-007
5.42176275419686E-007

61
0
0
71
73
0
0
83
85
0
0
95
97
0
0

Soma
Raiz
THD06p

0.1820%
0.0004%
0.0012%
0.1359%
0.1229%
0.0003%
0.0009%
0.0918%
0.0891%
0.0001%
0.0008%
0.0745%
0.0714%
0.0714%
0.0714%

5%

15%
NORMALIZED
COMPONENT
2.44E-01
7.42E-02
4.14E-02
3.05E-02
1.36E-02
1.19E-02
8.98E-03
6.94E-03
5.19E-03
4.90E-03
3.49E-03
3.07E-03
2.75E-03
2.46E-03
1.92E-03
1.87E-03
1.59E-03
1.42E-03

0.0263%
0.0038%
7.2926%
4.3344%
0.0057%
0.0069%
1.0977%
0.9736%
0.0013%
0.0010%
0.5656%
0.5200%
0.0006%
0.0020%
0.2999%
0.2559%
0.0006%
0.0011%
0.1822%

0.0005193144
0.0227884711
0.01%

Queda%
10%
NORMALIZED
COMPONENT

Simu

20%
NORMALIZED
COMPONENT
2.02E-01
7.47E-02
2.75E-02
2.28E-02
1.32E-02
9.61E-03
6.58E-03
5.98E-03
4.40E-03
3.62E-03
2.89E-03
2.70E-03
2.17E-03
1.90E-03
1.61E-03
1.54E-03
1.29E-03
1.17E-03

1.72E-01
7.24E-02
2.25E-02
1.69E-02
1.15E-02
9.28E-03
5.74E-03
4.68E-03
3.66E-03
3.33E-03
2.60E-03
2.25E-03
1.78E-03
1.65E-03
1.44E-03
1.32E-03
1.08E-03
9.99E-04

5a H
7a H
11a H
13a H
17a H
19a H
23a H
25a H
29a H
31a H
35a H
37a H
41a H
43a H
47a H
49a H
53a H
55a H

pol 6P
32.2432%
9.3166%
6.4984%
3.2930%
2.4729%
1.9152%
1.1137%
1.1003%
0.6812%
0.6290%
0.5256%
0.4213%
0.3977%
0.3394%
0.2826%
0.2731%
0.2111%
0.2062%

^2
10.3963%
0.8680%
0.4223%
0.1084%
0.0612%
0.0367%
0.0124%
0.0121%
0.0046%
0.0040%
0.0028%
0.0018%
0.0016%
0.0012%
0.0008%
0.0007%
0.0004%
0.0004%

1.29E-03
1.22E-03
1.02E-03
9.66E-04
8.94E-04
8.32E-04
7.29E-04
7.26E-04
6.33E-04
6.03E-04
5.66E-04
5.46E-04
4.78E-04
4.66E-04

1.03E-03
9.89E-04
8.59E-04
7.87E-04
7.14E-04
6.86E-04
6.09E-04
5.65E-04
5.20E-04
5.04E-04
4.54E-04
4.25E-04
3.97E-04
3.86E-04

8.93E-04
8.54E-04
7.35E-04
6.84E-04
6.04E-04
5.80E-04
5.34E-04
4.99E-04
4.43E-04
4.20E-04
3.94E-04
3.80E-04
3.42E-04
3.27E-04

59a H
61a H
65a H
67a H
71a H
73a H
77a H
79a H
83a H
85a H
89a H
91a H
95a H
97a H
101a H
103a H

0.1782%
0.1591%
0.1539%
0.1368%
0.1260%
0.1205%
0.1026%
0.1007%
0.0894%
0.0832%
0.0809%
0.0732%
0.0710%
0.0667%
0.0667%
0.0667%

0.0003%
0.0003%
0.0002%
0.0002%
0.0002%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%

thdi 6P
34.55%

Harm_IL
0
0
6.25E-01
3.72E-01
0
0
9.41E-02
8.35E-02
0
0
4.85E-02
4.46E-02
0
0
2.57E-02
2.19E-02
0
0
1.56E-02

Queda
0
0
0.0086001207
0.006040898
0
0
0.0027067665
0.0026093652
0
0
0.0021223349
0.0020627702
0
0
0.0015112731
0.0013442627
0
0
0.0011527272

0
0
7.39620756405306E-005
3.64924490641071E-005
0
0
7.32658464324711E-006
6.80878696145761E-006
0
0
4.50430529780166E-006
0.000004255
0
0
2.28394639318888E-006
0.000001807
0
0
1.32878002425991E-006

18P
0
0
0
0
17
19
0
0
0
0
35
37
0
0
0
0
53
55
0

1.56E-02
0
0
1.16E-02
1.05E-02
0
0
7.87E-03
7.64E-03
0
0
6.39E-03
6.12E-03
0
0

0.0011901037
0
0
0.0010343041
0.0009616577
0
0
0.0008168037
0.0008123937
0
0
0.0007588344
0.0007428679
0
0

1.41634691137851E-006
0
0
1.06978500625882E-006
9.24785506066512E-007
0
0
6.67168304654763E-007
0.00000066
0
0
5.75829635392562E-007
5.51852769628774E-007
0
0

0
0
0
71
73
0
0
0
0
89
91
0
0
0
0

Soma
Raiz
THD12p

Queda^2

Simu

Harm_IL
0.0059%
0.0033%
0.0058%
0.0031%
1.6865%
1.6274%
0.0015%
0.0012%
0.0015%
0.0011%
0.4217%
0.4131%
0.0008%
0.0008%
0.0008%
0.0007%
0.1871%
0.1846%
0.0006%

0
0
0
0
1.45E-01
1.40E-01
0
0
0
0
3.62E-02
3.54E-02
0
0
0
0
1.60E-02
1.58E-02
0

0.0006%
0.0006%
0.0006%
0.1049%
0.1044%
0.0005%
0.0005%
0.0005%
0.0004%
0.0668%
0.0668%
0.0004%
0.0004%
0.0004%
0.0004%

0
0
0
9.00E-03
8.95E-03
0
0
0
0
5.73E-03
5.72E-03
0
0
0
0

0.0001446347
0.0120264185
0.00%

6P 5%
pol 12P
0.0263%
0.0038%
7.2926%
4.3344%
0.0057%
0.0069%
1.0977%
0.9736%
0.0013%
0.0010%
0.5656%
0.5200%
0.0006%
0.0020%
0.2999%
0.2559%
0.0006%
0.0011%

^2
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.5318%
0.1879%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0121%
0.0095%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0032%
0.0027%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0009%
0.0007%
0.0000%
0.0000%

pol 18P
0.0059%
0.0033%
0.0058%
0.0031%
1.6865%
1.6274%
0.0015%
0.0012%
0.0015%
0.0011%
0.4217%
0.4131%
0.0008%
0.0008%
0.0008%
0.0007%
0.1871%
0.1846%

^2
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0284%
0.0265%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0018%
0.0017%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0004%
0.0003%

32.2400%
9.3030%
6.4880%
3.2980%
2.4750%
1.9100%
1.1190%
1.0990%
0.6788%
0.6289%
0.5246%
0.4207%
0.3982%
0.3397%
0.2824%
0.2727%
0.2105%
0.2058%

Fator
0.0008158
0.0004090
1.1222256
1.3162523
0.0022877
0.0035817
0.9857015
0.8848044
0.0019107
0.0016489
1.0760579
1.2343713
0.0014448
0.0060141
1.0612606
0.9369270
0.0027145
0.0054859

0.1822%
0.1820%
0.0004%
0.0012%
0.1359%
0.1229%
0.0003%
0.0009%
0.0918%
0.0891%
0.0001%
0.0008%
0.0745%
0.0714%
0.0714%
0.0714%

0.0003%
0.0003%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0002%
0.0002%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.0001%

thdi 12P
8.66%

0.0006%
0.0006%
0.0006%
0.0006%
0.1049%
0.1044%
0.0005%
0.0005%
0.0005%
0.0004%
0.0668%
0.0668%
0.0004%
0.0004%
0.0004%
0.0004%

0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0001%
0.0001%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%

thdi 18P
2.44%

0.1790%
0.1590%
0.1545%
0.1362%
0.1258%
0.1199%
0.1019%
0.1008%
0.0896%
0.0832%
0.0811%
0.0731%
0.0707%
0.0668%
0.0668%
0.0668%

1.0229050
1.1440252
0.0026544
0.0086784
1.0786963
1.0200167
0.0029323
0.0089871
1.0263540
1.0715230
0.0016928
0.0115113
1.0486838
1.0712895
1.0712895
1.0712895

Queda
Queda^2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.003073795 9.4482157371980E-006
0.0033149019 1.0988574304325E-005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.001582446 2.5041352281141E-006
0.0016385378 2.6848061842235E-006
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0010630773 1.1301333655020E-006
0.001088446 1.1847147979840E-006
0
0
0
0
0
0.0007987846
0.0008169766
0
0
0
0
0.0006375891
0.0006512528
0
0
0
0
Soma
Raiz
THD18p

12P 5%
0.0263%
0.0038%
7.2810%
4.3410%
0.0057%
0.0068%
1.1030%
0.9724%
0.0013%
0.0010%
0.5645%
0.5193%
0.0006%
0.0020%
0.2997%
0.2555%
0.0006%
0.0011%

24P
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
47
49
0
0
0

0
0
0
6.3805685170433E-007
6.6745070416795E-007
0
0
0
0
4.0651980688664E-007
4.2413025556836E-007
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
71
73
0
0
0
0
0
0
95
97
0
0

3.0076737235674E-005
0.0054842262
0.00%

Fator
0.0001827
0.0003581
0.0008875
0.0009482
0.6820202
0.8497382
0.0013047
0.0010728
0.0021523
0.0017920
0.8023256
0.9805087
0.0021067
0.0022788
0.0028527
0.0025567
0.8864608
0.8950437

Simu

Harm_IL

Queda
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Soma
Raiz
THD24p

18P 5%
0.0059%
0.0033%
0.0058%
0.0031%
1.6880%
1.6230%
0.0015%
0.0012%
0.0015%
0.0011%
0.4209%
0.4125%
0.0008%
0.0008%
0.0008%
0.0007%
0.1866%
0.1842%

0.1831%
0.1819%
0.0004%
0.0012%
0.1357%
0.1223%
0.0003%
0.0009%
0.0919%
0.0891%
0.0001%
0.0008%
0.0741%
0.0715%
0.0715%
0.0715%

0.0032369
0.0038434
0.0038718
0.0041278
0.8330684
0.8665555
0.0050677
0.0051746
0.0050832
0.0048684
0.8264086
0.9121150
0.0056340
0.0065808
0.0065808
0.0065808

0.0006%
0.0006%
0.0006%
0.0006%
0.1048%
0.1039%
0.0005%
0.0005%
0.0005%
0.0004%
0.0670%
0.0666%
0.0004%
0.0004%
0.0004%
0.0004%

Grficos
Corrente
Pulsos
harm
Queda^2

pulsos
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00%

12
fator lim cor
1.4142136

1
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
25
29
31
35
37
41
43
47
49
53
55
59
61
65
67
71
73
77
79
83
85
89
91
95
97
101
103

Isc_IL

15.384615

12

Tenso
Pulsos
harm

12
AMP_V

Amp
% of IL
Limite IEEE
8.5729276
0.04%
0
0.00%
5.66%
0
0.00%
5.66%
0.6251929
0.00%
2.83%
0.3715868
0.00%
2.83%
0
0.00%
2.12%
0
0.00%
2.12%
0.0941077
0.00%
0.85%
0.0834636
0.00%
0.85%
0
0.00%
0.85%
0
0.00%
0.85%
0.0484895
0.00%
0.42%
0.0445812
0.00%
0.42%
0
0.00%
0.42%
0
0.00%
0.42%
0.0257127
0.00%
0.42%
0.0219377
0.00%
0.42%
0
0.00%
0.42%
0
0.00%
0.42%
0.0156234
0.00%
0.42%

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
25
29
31
35
37
41
43
47
49
53
55
59

0
0
0.0086001
0.0060409
0
0
0.0027068
0.0026094
0
0
0.0021223
0.0020628
0
0
0.0015113
0.0013443
0
0
0.0011527

0.0156012
0
0
0.0116491
0.0105342
0
0
0.0078694
0.0076428
0
0
0.0063874
0.0061241
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

61
65
67
71
73
77
79
83
85
89
91
95
97
101
103

0.0011901
0
0
0.0010343
0.0009617
0
0
0.0008168
0.0008124
0
0
0.0007588
0.0007429
0
0

0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%

Limite I

0.42%
0.42%
0.42%
0.42%
0.42%
0.42%
0.42%
0.42%
0.42%
0.42%
0.42%
0.42%
0.42%
0.42%
0.42%

AMP% Limite IEEE

0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%

3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

THDi calculada
Harm_i_simu
0.000263
3.81E-005
0.0729264
0.0433442
5.66E-005
6.86E-005
0.0109773
0.0097357
1.30E-005
1.04E-005
0.0056561
0.0052002
5.75E-006
2.04E-005
0.0029993
0.0025589
5.73E-006
1.13E-005
0.0018224

0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%

3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.0018198
4.09E-006
1.19E-005
0.0013588
0.0012288
3.01E-006
9.05E-006
0.0009179
0.0008915
1.37E-006
8.42E-006
0.0007451
0.0007144
0.0007144
0.0007144

Limite V

soma
raiz q

ao quadr
6.92E-008
1.45E-009
0.0053183
0.0018787
3.20E-009
4.71E-009
0.0001205
9.48E-005
1.69E-010
1.08E-010
3.20E-005
2.70E-005
3.30E-011
4.17E-010
9.00E-006
6.55E-006
3.28E-011
1.28E-010
3.32E-006
3.31E-006
1.67E-011
1.41E-010
1.85E-006
1.51E-006
9.05E-012
8.19E-011
8.43E-007
7.95E-007
1.87E-012
7.10E-011
5.55E-007
5.10E-007
5.10E-007
5.10E-007
0.0075006
0.0866062

IEEE-519 Recommended Practices for Applications with

Variable
Frequency Drives
Joable Andrade Alves & Paulo Jos Torri
WEG Automao S.A.
Introduction
The indirect frequency converters or variable frequency drives (VFDs) are usually composed of an input diode
rectifier stage. The three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier, also known as Graetz Bridge or six-pulse rectifier (Figure
1) is one of the most used configurations for the input stage of VFDs. The currents drained by this converter are of
pulsed-type, containing low-order harmonics that may cause voltage harmonic distortion at the electric power
supply system where VFDs are connected. The voltage distortion is related to the magnitude of the current
harmonics of the electrical equipment and also to the network impedance, i.e., to the network capacity and to the
ratio between the installed drives capacity and the network capacity.

+
D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

Figure 1 - six-pulse rectifier

Other Loads
PCC
Distorted Voltage

Non-linear Load

Figure 2 - Voltage distortion caused by currents drained by a non-linear load.

In several applications, the six-pulse variable frequency drive with an input line reactor or a DC reactor may
perfectly meet the IEEE-519 recommendations. When it is not possible, the following options are available for
reducing the harmonic currents:
1) Increase the number of pulses of the input rectifier using 12, 18 or even 24-pulse;
2) Use an active front-end rectifier (regen-drive).
The greater the number of pulses of the rectifier, the lower the current harmonic content at low frequencies. The
characteristic harmonics can be represented as follows:

h = P.n 1

n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ....
Where:
h : harmonic order
P : number of rectifier pulses
At the same time that the harmonic currents at low frequencies are reduced, there are other disadvantages in
increasing the number of rectifier pulses such as: the need of using phase-shifting transformers and increase on
the cost of the configuration. Particular attention needs to be given to the increase on the equipment complexity
and to the reduction on the efficiency and reliability of the whole system (due to the use of a larger number of
components).
23 of 74

increasing the number of rectifier pulses such as: the need of using phase-shifting transformers and increase on
the cost of the configuration. Particular attention needs to be given to the increase on the equipment complexity
and to the reduction on the efficiency and reliability of the whole system (due to the use of a larger number of
components).

24 of 74

Multipulse Configuration

In the industry, the term multipulse, when related to frequency converters, means the association, in series or in
parallel, of six-pulse three-phase rectifiers and the mandatory use of phase-shifting transformers to feed the
rectifiers. The fundamental idea of the multipulse configurations can be understood as the interconnection of sixpulse rectifiers so that the characteristic harmonics generated by these rectifiers are cancelled by the harmonics
generated by other sets of rectifiers. This mitigation is performed by appropriate design of the phase-shifting
transformer with multiple secondaries. The harmonics of the six-pulse rectifier that are present on the secondary of
the transformer will be cancelled and will not appear at the primary of the transformer that is connected to the
utility.
The characteristic harmonics of the six-pulse rectifier are given by:

h = 6.n 1
The magnitudes of these harmonics, in respect of the fundamental, are given by:

Ah =

1
6.n 1

The following figure shows the spectrum of these harmonics and their magnitude (as a percentage of the
fundamental).

100.0%

20.0%
14.3%
9.1% 7.7%

11

13

5.9%

17

5.3% 4.3%

19

23

4.0% 3.4%

25

29

3.2%

31

2.9% 2.7%

35

37

2.4%

41

2.3% 2.1%

43

47

2.0%

49

Figure 3 - Theoretic harmonic spectrum of the input current for a six-pulse rectifier.

The increase in the number of the rectifier pulses and the use of an appropriate phase-shifting transformer allow
the mitigation of the harmonic components at the primary of the transformer. Figure 4 shows the expected typical
waveforms of the input currents and their respective harmonic spectrum to the 6, 12 and 18-pulse configurations.
It is important to emphasize that the harmonics multiple of the 3rd are cancelled in a balanced three-phase system
(zero sequence).
In practice, however, the non-characteristic harmonics usually present a magnitude different from zero. This is due
to the pre-existing imperfections of the electrical system, such as, voltage unbalance, pre-existing harmonic
distortion, etc. Another factor that contribute to the appearance of non-characteristic harmonics is the transformer
imperfections, which blocks the mitigation of non-characteristic harmonics at the primary of the transformer.
The data presented in the following figures were obtained considering an ideal system. In the numerical simulation
the system was modeled as: power electric system, input impedance, rectifier, capacitive filter and load (current
source).

25 of 74

26 of 74

35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
5

11 13

17

19 23

25

29 31

35 37

41

43 47

49

53 55

59

61 65

67

71 73

77

79 83

85 89

91

95 97 101 103

6-pulse

8.0%
7.0%
6.0%
5.0%
4.0%
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
0.0%
5

11

13

17

19 23

25

29

31

35 37

41

43

47

49

53 55

59

61

65

67

71 73

77

79

83

85 89

91

95

97 101 103

59

61

65

67

71 73

77

79

83

85 89

91

95

97 101 103

12-pulse

1.8%
1.6%
1.4%
1.2%
1.0%
0.8%
0.6%
0.4%
0.2%
0.0%
5

11

13

17

19 23

25

29

31

35 37

41

43

47

49

53 55

18-pulse

Figure 4 - Typical input currents for the 6-pulse recifier or at the primary of the phase-shifting
transformer input (12 and 18-pulse) and their respective harmonic spectrum (harmonic
components expressed as a percentage of the fundamental).

27 of 74

28 of 74

IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power System:
IEEE-519

This recommendation (it is not a standard) prepared by IEEE describes the main factors that may cause harmonic
distortion, indicates the measurement methods and states the distortion limits.
The scope of this recommended practice is to analyze the harmonic distortion caused by all the loads (linear and
non-linear) at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) and not the distortion caused by one individual device. The
main concern of IEEE is what the installation reflects to the other consumers connected to the same power supply
and not what occurs within the installation.
The distortion limits are different according to the voltage and short-circuit levels at the PCC. The higher the shortcircuit current (Isc) in respect of the load current, the higher the admissible current distortion, since they will cause
a lower voltage distortion at the PCC. As the voltage level increases, the acceptable limits decrease.
The TDD Total Demand Distortion is defined as the current harmonic distortion, in percentage of the maximum
demand load current (15 or 30 minutes demand). This means that the TDD shall be measured at the peak
consumption.

Tables 10.2 and 10.3, obtained from IEEE-519, show the recommended limits for the THDv (Total Voltage
Harmonic Distortion) and for the TDD (Total Demand Distortion).

Notch Depth
THD (Voltage)
Notch Area [V*us]

Special
Applications*
10%
3%
16400

General
System
20%
5%
22800

Dedicated
System**
50%
10%
36500

* Special applications include hospitals and airports.

** A dedicated system is exclusively dedicated to the
converter load.
IEEE-519 - Table 10.2 - Low-Voltage System Classification and Distortion Limits.
In section 10.2 (Development of Current Distortion Limits), of IEEE-519, it is established 3% as the individual limit
of the voltage components at PCC in respect of its fundamental component.

Isc / IL
< 20
20 < 50
50 < 100
100 < 1000
> 1000

< 11
4
7
10
12
15

11n<17
2
3,5
4,5
5,5
7

17n<23
1,5
2,5
4
5
6

23n<35
0,6
1
1,5
2
2,5

35n
0,3
0,5
0,7
1
1,4

TDD(%)
5
8
12
15
20

Maximum Harmonic Current Distortion in Percent of IL

Isc - maximum short-circuit current at PCC
IL - maximum demand load current (fundamental frequency component) at PCC
IEEE-519 - Table 10.3 - Current Distortion Limits for General Distribution Systems.
The table 10.3 is applicable to six-pulse rectifiers and general distortion situations. However, when phase shift
transformers or converters with pulse numbers higher than six are used, the limits for the characteristic harmonic
orders are increased by a factor equal to: 1.414 for 12-pulse and 1.732 for 18-pulse.
Although the IEEE-519 is not a standard, this recommendation is being used as a reference to specify the
harmonic distortion limits allowed by the utility companies and in the design of industrial power systems.
29 of 74

30 of 74

Case Study:

Company Name

date:

This case study aims to show how to obtain, in a simple way and with a good precision, the Voltage Harmonic
Distortion (THDv) and the Total Demand Distortion (TDD) values for a system composed of a main bus bar with
known power and impedance, feeding a non-linear load with an input rectifier with the specified number of pulses.
This is a simple study, since practical aspects are being disregarded such as: the network is not ideal, phase
unbalance, influence of other loads connected to the PCC, transmission line impedance, system efficiency, etc.
The values presented herein are useful for a preliminary analysis of the harmonic distortion level of the system.
For a complete analysis, taking in account all the variables listed above, it is necessary to perform a numerical
simulation.

The voltages and currents are expressed in RMS values.

PCC

Data

Power Capacity:
Source reactance (%):
Voltage:
Demand Current (IL):
Short-circuit Current (Isc):
Ratio Isc/IL:

VFD

16.00 MVA
8.00 %
380 Volts
19751 A
303.87 kA
15.38

System

Rectifier:

12 pulse

For this type of rectifier, it is necessary to use

a phase shift transformer with an minimum
impedance of 6%.

Three-phase

Induction Motor

Voltage:
Current:
cos(

380 Volts
9.5 A
0.86

Considering that the fundamental is the only component that provides active power to the motor, it is possible to
calculate its value at the PCC by taking in account the typical motor displacement power factor - cos(). With the
calculated fundamental component, the theoretical harmonic components of the current at the PCC can be known
as a function of the number of pulses of the rectifier.
The THDi current at the PCC is calculated by the following expression:

Where:

I
THD i =

n=2

I(1)

2
n

In are the harmonic components of the PCC current

I(1) is the fundamental component of the PCC current

31 of 74

32 of 74

The TDD is calculated as the current harmonic distortion at the PCC in respect of its demand current (IL):

2
n

TDD =

n=2

IL

With the given power and impedance (%) it is possible to calculate the physical inductance (L) at the PCC and,
therefore, calculate the voltage drops caused by the components of the current harmonics.

Vn = In .( 2..Fn ).L

Where:
L is the physical inductance at the PCC

Fn are the characteristic harmonic frequencies

2
n

Vn are the harmonic components of the voltage at the PCC

n=2

THD V =

V( 1)

V(1) is the fundamental component of the voltage at the PCC

The results of the harmonic analysis are presented in the following table. These calculations were performed up to
the 100th harmonic.
Final Results
% of load

0.04

Ratio between the load power and the PCC capacity

Ie(1)

8.57

RMS value of the fundamental component of the current Ie

Ie RMS

8.67

RMS value of the Ie current

IL

19751.46 A

THDi

8.66

TDD

0.00

THDv

0.00

RMS value of the demand current at PCC

Harmonic current distortion of the current Ie
Total Demand Distortion (considering IL as the demand current)
Meets IEEE-519

Isc/IL =

15

the limit is:

Voltage Harmonic Distortion at the PCC

Meets IEEE-519 including for 'Special Applications'

6.0%

Simulation

5.0%

IEEE limits

4.0%

3.0%

2.0%

1.0%

0.0%
5

11

13

17

19

23

25

29

31

35

37

41

43

47

49

53

55

59

61

65

67

71

73

77

79

83

85

89

91

95

97 101 103

Figure 5 - Individual Current Harmonics expressed as a percentage of IL.

Observing figure 5 it can be concluded that: Meets IEEE 519 - table 10.3
33 of 74

34 of 74

0.0%

Simulation
0.0%

IEEE limit

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%
5

11

13

17

19

23

25

29

31

35

37

41

43

47

49

53

55

59

61

65

67

71

73

77

79

83

85

89

91

95

97 101 103

Figure 6 - Individual Voltage Harmonics expressed as a percentage of the fundamental voltage at the PCC.
Observing figure 6 it can be concluded that: Meets the individual limit of 3%
Summary
THDv

0.00

Voltage Harmonic Distortion at the PCC

Meets IEEE-519 including for 'Special Applications'

Individual Limit for the Voltage Harmonics at the PCC:

TDD

0.00

Meets the individual limit of 3%

Total Demand Distortion

Meets IEEE-519

Isc/IL =

15

the limit is:

Current Harmonics (table 10.3): Meets IEEE 519 - table 10.3

References
[1] PAICE, DEREK A., "POWER ELETRONIC CONVERTER HARMONICS - MULTIPULSE METHODS
FOR CLEAN POWER", IEEE PRESS, USA, 1996
[2] IEEE, "IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICES AND REQUIREMENTES FOR HARMONIC CONTROL IN
ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS - IEEE-519", IEEE PRESS, USA, 1993
[3] POMILIO, J. A., "PR-REGULADORES DE FATOR DE POTNCIA", PUBLICAO FEE 03/95,
BRASIL, 2004 (in portuguese)
[4] ALVES, JOABLE A., & HORNBURG, EDSON, "HIGH AND LOW ORDER HARMONICS FOR
FREQUENCY INVERTERS", ANAIS DO VI INDUSCON, JOINVILLE-BRASIL, 2004
(in portuguese)
[5] ROSSA, A. J. & TORRI, P. J., EFEITOS DA DISTORO HARMNICA DA REDE ELTRICA SOBRE
MOTORES ELTRICOS, REVISTA ELETRICIDADE MODERNA, ANO XXIX, N 324, BRASIL, 2001
(in portuguese)

35 of 74

sed of an input diode

six-pulse rectifier (Figure
ed by this converter are of
at the electric power
ude of the current
work capacity and to the

ar load.

a DC reactor may
ons are available for

at low frequencies. The

her disadvantages in
ormers and increase on
equipment complexity
f a larger number of
36 of 74

37 of 74

ssociation, in series or in
formers to feed the
e interconnection of sixcelled by the harmonics
f the phase-shifting
esent on the secondary of
t is connected to the

ercentage of the

e rectifier.

hifting transformer allow

ows the expected typical
18-pulse configurations.

nced three-phase system

ent from zero. This is due

-existing harmonic
monics is the transformer
of the transformer.
the numerical simulation
filter and load (current

38 of 74

39 of 74

85 89

91

95 97 101 103

85 89

91

95

97 101 103

85 89

91

95

97 101 103

phase-shifting
trum (harmonic

40 of 74

41 of 74

l Power System:

that may cause harmonic

all the loads (linear and

individual device. The
o the same power supply

CC. The higher the shortion, since they will cause

s decrease.
centage of the maximum
sured at the peak

Dv (Total Voltage

on Limits.

3% as the individual limit

) at PCC
Systems.

ver, when phase shift

characteristic harmonic

nce to specify the

power systems.
42 of 74

43 of 74

30-Mar-15

he Voltage Harmonic
of a main bus bar with
ecified number of pulses.
k is not ideal, phase
system efficiency, etc.
on level of the system.
o perform a numerical

motor, it is possible to
factor - cos(). With the
at the PCC can be known

C current

44 of 74

45 of 74

and current (IL):

ce (L) at the PCC and,

s.

cies

tage at the PCC

oltage at the PCC

ons were performed up to

nt Ie

d current)

83

5%

Simulation
IEEE limits

85

89

91

95

97 101 103

of IL.

46 of 74

47 of 74

83

Simulation
IEEE limit

85

89

91

95

97 101 103

al voltage at the PCC.

5%

LTIPULSE METHODS

HARMONIC CONTROL IN

CAO FEE 03/95,

RMONICS FOR
, 2004

REDE ELTRICA SOBRE

, N 324, BRASIL, 2001

48 of 74

Atendimento a Recomendao IEEE-519 em Aplicaes

com
Inversores de Freqncia

Joable Andrade Alves & Paulo Jos Torri

WEG Automao S.A.

Introduo
Os conversores indiretos de freqncia, ou inversores de freqncia, so normalmente constitudos por um
estgio retificador a diodos na entrada. O retificador trifsico de onda completa, tambm conhecido como Ponte
de Graetz ou retificador de 6 pulsos (Fig. 1), uma das estruturas mais empregadas como estgio de entrada
dos conversores. As correntes drenadas por este retificador so pulsadas, contendo harmnicas de baixa ordem
e que podem causar distores harmnicas na tenso de rede da planta a qual esto conectados os inversores.
A distoro de tenso depende das amplitudes das harmnicas de corrente dos equipamentos e tambm das
impedncias da rede, isto , da capacidade da planta e da relao entre a capacidade instalada de inversores
em relao a capacidade da planta.

+
D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

Fig. 1 - Retificador de 6 pulsos

Outras Cargas
PCC
Tenso Distorcida

Carga No-Linear

Fig. 2 - Distoro da tenso provocada por correntes drenadas por uma carga no-linear
Em muitas aplicaes, o inversor de freqncia com retificador de 6 pulsos adicionado a uma reatncia na
entrada ou um indutor no barramento CC atende perfeitamente as recomendaes da IEEE-519. Quando isto
no possvel, algumas das solues disponveis para reduo das correntes harmnicas so o aumento do
nmero de pulsos do retificador utilizando 12, 18 ou at 24 pulsos ou a utilizao de retificadores de entrada
ativos (regenerativos).
Quanto maior o nmero de pulsos do retificador menor o contedo harmnico da corrente nas baixas
freqncias. As harmnicas caractersticas podem ser expressas por:

h = P.n 1

n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ....
Onde:
h : ordem da harmnica
P : nmero de pulsos do retificador
Em contrapartida ao benefcio da reduo das correntes harmnicas de baixa freqncia existem as
desvantagens em aumentar o nmero de pulsos do retificador, tais como a necessidade de utilizao de
transformadores defasadores e o aumento do custo da estrutura. Deve-se atentar para o aumento da
complexidade dos equipamentos, da reduo da eficincia e da confiabilidade do sistema pois so necessrios
um nmero maior de componentes.
49 de 74

Em contrapartida ao benefcio da reduo das correntes harmnicas de baixa freqncia existem as

desvantagens em aumentar o nmero de pulsos do retificador, tais como a necessidade de utilizao de
transformadores defasadores e o aumento do custo da estrutura. Deve-se atentar para o aumento da
complexidade dos equipamentos, da reduo da eficincia e da confiabilidade do sistema pois so necessrios
um nmero maior de componentes.

50 de 74

Estruturas Multi-pulsos
Na indstria, o termo multi-pulsos relacionado a inversores de freqncia tem conotao com a associao, em
srie ou paralelo, de retificadores trifsicos de 6 pulsos e a obrigatria utilizao de transformadores defasadores
para aliment-los. A idia bsica das estruturas multi-pulsos pode ser entendida como a conexo de retificadores
de 6 pulsos de tal forma que as harmnicas caractersticas geradas por estes retificadores sejam canceladas
pelas harmnicas geradas por outros conjuntos de retificadores. Este cancelamento possvel pelo adequado
projeto do transformador defasador com mltiplos secundrios. As harmnicas dos retificadores de 6 pulsos
esto presentes nos secundrios, so canceladas no transformador e no aparecem no primrio que est
conectado a rede.
As harmnicas caractersticas do retificador de 6 pulsos so dadas por:

h = 6.n 1
As amplitudes destas harmnicas, relativas a componente fundamental, so dadas por:

Ah =

1
6.n 1

O grfico seguinte ilustra o espectro destas harmnicas e a sua amplitude expressa em percentual da
componente fundamental.

100.0%

20.0%
14.3%
9.1% 7.7%

11

13

5.9%

17

5.3% 4.3%

19

23

4.0% 3.4%

25

29

3.2%

31

2.9% 2.7%

35

37

2.4%

41

2.3% 2.1%

43

47

2.0%

49

Fig. 3 - Espectro harmnico terico da corrente de linha para um retificador de 6 pulsos

O aumento do nmero de pulsos do retificador e a utilizao do transformador defasador adequado, possibilita
que sejam eliminadas as componentes harmnicas no primrio do transformador. A figura 4 mostra as formas de
onda tpicas das correntes de linha esperadas e o seu respectivo espectro harmnico para estruturas de 6, 12 e
18 pulsos.
Cabe ressaltar que as harmnicas de ordem mltiplas de 3 so canceladas em um sistema trifsico equilibrado
(seqncia zero).
Na prtica, no entanto, as harmnicas no caractersticas normalmente apresentam uma amplitude diferente de
zero. Isto se d devido s imperfeies j presentes na rede eltrica, tais como, desequilbrio de tenses,
distores harmnicas pr-existentes, etc. Outros fatores que contribuem para o aparecimento de harmnicas
no caractersticas so as imperfeies do transformador, as quais impedem o perfeito cancelamento destas no
primrio do mesmo.
Os dados apresentados nas figuras seguintes foram obtidos considerando a perfeita idealidade do sistema. Na
simulao numrica o sistema foi modelado como: rede de alimentao, impedncia de entrada, retificador, filtro
capacitivo e carga (fonte de corrente).

51 de 74

52 de 74

35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
5

11 13

17

19 23

25

29 31

35 37

41

43 47

49

53 55

59

61 65

67

71 73

77

79 83

85 89

91

95 97 101 103

6 pulsos

8.0%
7.0%
6.0%
5.0%
4.0%
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
0.0%
5

11

13

17

19 23

25

29

31

35 37

41

43

47

49

53 55

59

61

65

67

71 73

77

79

83

85 89

91

95

97 101 103

59

61

65

67

71 73

77

79

83

85 89

91

95

97 101 103

12 pulsos

1.8%
1.6%
1.4%
1.2%
1.0%
0.8%
0.6%
0.4%
0.2%
0.0%
5

11

13

17

19 23

25

29

31

35 37

41

43

47

49

53 55

18 pulsos

Fig. 4 - Correntes tpicas na entrada do retificador (6 pulsos) ou no primrio do transformador

defasador (12 e 18 pulsos) e respectivos espectros harmnicos
(componentes harmnicas expressas em percentual da fundamental)

53 de 74

54 de 74

Recomendao IEEE para prticas e requisitos para controle de harmnicas no sistema eltrico de
potncia: IEEE-519

Esta recomendao (no uma norma) produzida pelo IEEE descreve os principais fenmenos causadores de
distoro harmnica, indica mtodos de medio e limites de distoro.
Seu enfoque a anlise da distoro harmnica no Ponto de Conexo Comum (PCC) das cargas (lineares ou
no-lineares) e no em cada equipamento individual. A filosofia que no interessa ao sistema o que ocorre
dentro de uma instalao, mas sim o que ela reflete para o exterior, ou seja, para os outros consumidores
conectados mesma alimentao.
Os limites diferem de acordo com o nvel de tenso e com o nvel de curto-circuito do PCC. Quanto maior for a
corrente de curto-circuito (Isc) em relao corrente de carga, maiores so as distores de corrente
admissveis, uma vez que elas distorcero em menor intensidade a tenso no PCC. medida que se eleva o
nvel de tenso, menores so os limites aceitveis.
A grandeza TDD - Total Demand Distortion - definida como a distoro harmnica da corrente, em % da
mxima demanda da corrente de carga (demanda de 15 ou 30 minutos). Isto significa que a medio da TDD
deve ser feita no pico de consumo.

As tabelas 10.2 e 10.3, extradas da IEEE-519, apresentam os limites recomendados de THDv (Total Harmonic
Distortion) da tenso e TDD (Total Demand Distortion).

Notch Depth
THD (Voltage)
Notch Area [V*us]

Special
Applications*
10%
3%
16400

General
System
20%
5%
22800

Dedicated
System**
50%
10%
36500

* Special applications include hospitals and airports.

** A dedicated system is exclusively dedicated to the
converter load.
IEEE-519 - Table 10.2 - Low-Voltage System Classification and Distortion Limits.
Na seo 10.2 (Development of Current Distortion Limits), desta norma, estabelecido 3% como o limite
individual das harmnicas de tenso no PCC em relao a sua fundamental.

Isc / IL
< 20
20 < 50
50 < 100
100 < 1000
> 1000

< 11
4
7
10
12
15

11n<17
2
3,5
4,5
5,5
7

17n<23
1,5
2,5
4
5
6

23n<35
0,6
1
1,5
2
2,5

35n
0,3
0,5
0,7
1
1,4

TDD(%)
5
8
12
15
20

Maximum Harmonic Current Distortion in Percent of IL

Isc - maximum short-circuit current at PCC
IL - maximum demand load current (fundamental frequency component) at PCC
IEEE-519 - Table 10.3 - Current Distortion Limits for General Distribution Systems.
A tabela 10.3 aplicvel para retificadores com 6 pulsos. Para retificadores com 12 pulsos, deve-se multiplicar os
limites individuais por 1.414. No caso de retificadores com 18 pulsos estes limites devem ser multiplicados por
1.732 .
Apesar de no ser uma norma, a IEEE-519, tem sido utilizada como base para a especificao dos limites de
distores harmnicas por concessionrias do setor eltrico e em projetos de plantas industriais.
55 de 74

56 de 74

Estudo de Caso:

Company Name

Data:

30-Mar-15

Este estudo de caso tem como objetivo mostrar como obter, de maneira simples e com um bom grau de
preciso, os valores das taxas de distoro harmnica da tenso (THDv) e da TDD, em um sistema formado por
uma barra com potncia instalada e impedncia definidas, alimentando uma carga no-linear com um retificador
de entrada com nmero de pulsos especificado. Este estudo simplificado pois no esto sendo considerados
aspectos prticos como no idealidades da rede, desbalanceamentos entre as fases de alimentao, a influncia
de outras cargas conectadas ao PCC, impedncias da linha de transmisso, rendimento do acionamento, etc. Os
valores calculados so teis para se obter uma idia inicial das distores harmnicas no sistema apresentado.
Para uma anlise completa, considerando todos os aspectos apresentados necessrio conhecer todas as
variveis e realizar uma simulao numrica do sistema completo.
As tenses e correntes esto expressas em valores eficazes.

Dados

do PCC (Sistema)

Potncia Instalada:
Impedncia %:
Tenso:
Corrente de Demanda (IL):
Corrente de Curto-Circuito:
Relao Isc/IL:

16.00 MVA
8.00 %
380 Volts
19751 A
303.87 kA
15.38

Acionamento

Retificador:

12 pulsos

Para este retificador, faz-se necessrio o uso

de um transformador defasador com
impedncia de 6% a 8%.

Motor

de Indu o Trif sico

Tenso:
Corrente:
cos(

380 Volts
9.5 A
0.86

Considerando que a componente fundamental a nica a fornecer potncia ativa para o motor, pode-se calcular
o valor desta no PCC, considerando o cos() tpico do motor. Com a componente fundamental calculada, as
componentes harmnicas tericas da corrente no PCC so conhecidas em funo do nmero de pulsos do
retificador.
A THDi da corrente no PCC calculada pela expresso:

2
n

THD i =

n =2

I(1)

onde:
In so as componentes harmnicas da corrente no PCC
I(1) a componente fundamental da corrente no PCC

57 de 74

58 de 74

A TDD ser calculada como sendo a distoro harmnica da corrente no PCC em relao a corrente de
demanda no mesmo (IL):

2
n

n=2

TDD =

IL

Com a potncia, tenso e impedncia % dadas, possvel calcular a indutncia fsica (L) no PCC e assim,
calcular as quedas de tenso provocadas pelas componentes harmnicas da corrente.

Vn = In .( 2..Fn ).L

onde:
L a indutncia fsica at o ponto de conexo comum (PCC)

Fn so as freqncias harmnicas caractersticas

2
n

Vn so as componentes harmnicas da tenso no PCC

n= 2

THD V =

V( 1)

V(1) a componente fundamental da tenso no PCC

Os resultados obtidos pelas expresses apresentadas esto compilados na tabela seguinte. Os clculos foram
efetuados com at a 100 hamnica.
Resultados Obtidos
% carga

0.04

Relao entre a potncia da carga pela potncia instalada do PCC

Ie(1)

8.57

Valor eficaz da componente fundamental da corrente Ie

Ie RMS

8.67

Valor eficaz da corrente Ie

IL

19751.46 A

THDi

8.66

TDD

0.00

THDv

0.00

Valor eficaz da corrente de demanda no PCC

Distoro harmnica da corrente Ie
Total Demand Distortion
ATENDE IEEE-519

Isc/IL =

15

o limite :

Distoro harmnica da tenso no PCC

Atende IEEE-519 inclusive para 'Special Applications'

6.0%

Simulao

5.0%

Limite IEEE

4.0%

3.0%

2.0%

1.0%

0.0%
5

11

13

17

19

23

25

29

31

35

37

41

43

47

49

53

55

59

61

65

67

71

73

77

79

83

85

89

91

95

97 101 103

Fig. 5 - Harmnicas Individuais de Corrente em percentual de IL

59 de 74

Observando a figura 5 constata-se que: Atende a tabela 10.3 da IEEE 519

60 de 74

0.0%

Simulao
0.0%

Limite IEEE

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%
5

11

13

17

19

23

25

29

31

35

37

41

43

47

49

53

55

59

61

65

67

71

73

77

79

83

85

89

91

95

97 101 103

Fig. 6 - Harmnicas Individuais de Tenso em percentual da tenso fundamental no PCC

Observando a figura 6 constata-se que: Atende ao limite individual de 3%
Resumo
THDv

0.00

Distoro harmnica da tenso no PCC

Atende IEEE-519 inclusive para 'Special Applications'

Limite individual das harmnicas de Tenso no PCC:

TDD

0.00

Atende ao limite individual de 3%

Total Demand Distortion

ATENDE IEEE-519

Harmnicas de Corrente (tabela 10.3):

Isc/IL =

15

o limite :

Atende a tabela 10.3 da IEEE 519

Referncias
[1] PAICE, DEREK A., "POWER ELETRONIC CONVERTER HARMONICS - MULTIPULSE METHODS
FOR CLEAN POWER", IEEE PRESS, USA, 1996
[2] IEEE, "IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICES AND REQUIREMENTES FOR HARMONIC CONTROL
IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS - IEEE-519", IEEE PRESS, USA, 1993
[3] POMILIO, J. A., "PR-REGULADORES DE FATOR DE POTNCIA", PUBLICAO FEE 03/95,
BRASIL, 2004
[4] ALVES, JOABLE A., & HORNBURG, EDSON, "HIGH AND LOW ORDER HARMONICS FOR
FREQUENCY INVERTERS", ANAIS DO VI INDUSCON, JOINVILLE-BRASIL, 2004
[5] ROSSA, A. J. & TORRI, P. J., EFEITOS DA DISTORO HARMNICA DA REDE ELTRICA
SOBRE MOTORES ELTRICOS, REVISTA ELETRICIDADE MODERNA, ANO XXIX, N 324,
BRASIL, 2001

61 de 74

nstitudos por um
onhecido como Ponte
o estgio de entrada
nicas de baixa ordem
ectados os inversores.
ntos e tambm das
alada de inversores

no-linear

ma reatncia na
E-519. Quando isto
so o aumento do
adores de entrada
nas baixas

existem as
e utilizao de
aumento da
pois so necessrios
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63 de 74

om a associao, em
ormadores defasadores
onexo de retificadores
s sejam canceladas
svel pelo adequado
dores de 6 pulsos
rimrio que est

ercentual da

e 6 pulsos

adequado, possibilita
4 mostra as formas de
a estruturas de 6, 12 e

a trifsico equilibrado

amplitude diferente de
brio de tenses,
ento de harmnicas
ncelamento destas no

dade do sistema. Na
ntrada, retificador, filtro

64 de 74

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85 89

91

95 97 101 103

85 89

91

95

97 101 103

85 89

91

95

97 101 103

ransformador

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67 de 74

ema eltrico de

menos causadores de

s cargas (lineares ou
tema o que ocorre
s consumidores

C. Quanto maior for a

de corrente
dida que se eleva o

rente, em % da
a medio da TDD

HDv (Total Harmonic

Limits.

% como o limite

at PCC

ystems.

s, deve-se multiplicar os
ser multiplicados por

ao dos limites de
striais.
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69 de 74

30-Mar-15

m bom grau de
m sistema formado por
ear com um retificador
sendo considerados
imentao, a influncia
o acionamento, etc. Os
sistema apresentado.
onhecer todas as

motor, pode-se calcular

ental calculada, as
mero de pulsos do

nte no PCC

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a corrente de

no PCC e assim,

o comum (PCC)

ticas

o no PCC
no PCC

e. Os clculos foram

da do PCC

5%

s'

Simulao
Limite IEEE

85

89

91

95

97 101 103

72 de 74

73 de 74

Simulao
Limite IEEE

85

89

91

95

97 101 103

tal no PCC

s'

5%

TIPULSE METHODS

ARMONIC CONTROL

O FEE 03/95,

MONICS FOR
2004

EDE ELTRICA
O XXIX, N 324,

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