G Syllabus - Table IGCSE Chem CD

Syllabus contents table
This table tells you which section of the book covers each syllabus topic. You can use this table as a revision guide by ticking
off the syllabus points as you study them.
Topic
Core syllabus
Book
Section
1. The
particulate
nature of
matter
Describe the states of

matter and explain their
interconversion in terms of the
kinetic particle theory
2.1
Describe and explain diffusion
2.3
Describe evidence for the

movement of particles in gases
and liquids (a treatment of
Brownian motion is not required)
2.3
12.3
Describe paper chromatography
2.2
Interpret simple chromatograms
2.2
Identify substances and assess

their purity from melting point
and boiling point information
2.1
Understand the importance of

purity in substances in everyday
life, e.g. foodstuffs and drugs
2.2
Describe methods of
purification by the use of a
suitable solvent, filtration,
crystallisation, distillation
(including use of fractionating
column). (Refer to the fractional
distillation of crude oil in
Section 14.2 and products of
fermentation in Section 14.6.)
2.2
Suggest suitable purification

techniques, given information
about the substances involved
2.2
2. Experimental
techniques
Supplement
Book
Section
Describe dependence of rate

of diffusion on molecular mass
(treated qualitatively)
2.3
Interpret simple
chromatograms, including the
use of Rf values
2.2
Outline how chromatography

techniques can be applied
to colourless substances by
exposing chromatograms to
substances called locating
agents (knowledge of specific
locating agents is not required)
2.2; 12.2
2.1 Measurement
Name appropriate apparatus

for the measurement of time,
temperature, mass and volume,
including burettes, pipettes and
measuring cylinders
2.2 (a) Criteria of purity
2.2 (b) Methods of purification
Cambridge University Press IGCSE Chemistry
Topic
Core syllabus
3. Atoms,
elements and
compounds
3.1 Atomic structure and the

Periodic Table
Book
Section
State the relative charges and

approximate relative masses of
protons, neutrons and electrons
2.4
Define proton number and

nucleon number
2.4
Use proton number and the

simple structure of atoms to
explain the basis of the Periodic
Table (see Section 9), with
special reference to the elements
of proton number 1 to 20
2.4
Define isotopes
2.4
State the two types of isotopes

as being radioactive and nonradioactive
2.4
State one medical and one

industrial use of radioactive
isotopes
2.4
Describe the build-up of

electrons in shells and
understand the significance
of the noble gas electronic
structures and of valency
electrons (the ideas of the
distribution of electrons in s
and p orbitals and in d block
elements are not required.)
2.5
Describe the differences

between elements, mixtures
and compounds, and between
metals and non-metals
3.1
Describe an alloy, such as brass,

as a mixture of a metal with
other elements
3.1; 3.6
Describe the formation of ions

by electron loss or gain
3.4
Describe the formation of ionic

bonds between elements from
Groups I and VII
3.4
Supplement
Book
Section
Describe the formation of ionic

bonds between metallic and
non-metallic elements
3.4
Describe the lattice structure of

ionic compounds as a regular
arrangement of alternating
positive and negative ions
3.6
3.2 Bonding: the structure of matter
3.2 (a) Ions and ionic bonds
Topic
Core syllabus
Book
Section
Supplement
Book
Section
Describe the electron

arrangement in more complex
covalent molecules such as N2,
C2H4, CH3OH and CO2
3.4
3.2 (b) Molecules and covalent

bonds
Describe the formation of single

covalent bonds in H2, Cl2 , H2O,
CH4 and HCl as the sharing of
pairs of electrons leading to the
noble gas configuration
3.4
Describe the differences

in volatility, solubility and
electrical conductivity between
ionic and covalent compounds
3.6
Describe the giant covalent

structures of graphite and
diamond
3.6
Describe the macromolecular

structure of silicon(IV) oxide
(silicon dioxide)
3.6
Relate their structures to the use

of graphite as a lubricant and of
diamond in cutting
3.6
Describe the similarity in

properties between diamond
and silicon(IV) oxide, related to
their structures
3.6
Describe metallic bonding as a

lattice of positive ions in a sea of
electrons and use this to describe
the electrical conductivity and
malleability of metals
3.4
3.2 (c) Macromolecules
3.2 (d) Metallic bonding
4. Stoichiometry
Use the symbols of the elements

and write the formulae of
simple compounds
3.5
Determine the formula of an

ionic compound from the
charges on the ions present
3.5
Deduce the formula of a simple

compound from the relative
numbers of atoms present
3.5
Construct equations with

state symbols, including ionic
equations
4.4
Deduce the formula of a simple

compound from a model or a
diagrammatic representation
3.5
Construct word equations

and simple balanced chemical
equations
4.2
Deduce the balanced equation

for a chemical reaction, given
relevant information
4.4
Define relative atomic mass, Ar
2.4; 6.1
Define relative molecular mass,

Mr , as the sum of the relative
atomic masses (relative formula
mass or Mr will be used for
ionic compounds)
6.1
(Calculations involving reacting

masses in simple proportions
may be set. Calculations will
not involve the mole concept.)
Topic
Core syllabus
Book
Section
Supplement
Book
Section
Define the mole and the

Avogadro constant
6.2
Use the molar gas volume, taken

as 24 dm3 at room temperature
and pressure
6.4
Calculate stoichiometric
reacting masses and volumes
of gases and solutions, solution
concentrations expressed in g/
dm3 and mol/dm3. (Calculations
involving the idea of limiting
reactants may be set. Questions
on the gas laws and the
conversion of gaseous volumes
to different temperatures and
pressures will not be set.)
6.3; 6.4; 6.5
6.2
6.3
Relate the products of

electrolysis to the electrolyte and
electrodes used, exemplified by
the specific examples in the Core
together with aqueous copper(II)
sulfate using carbon electrodes
and using copper electrodes (as
used in the refining of copper)
4.5; 4.6
Describe electrolysis in terms of

the ions present and reactions at
the electrodes in the examples
given
4.5
Predict the products of

electrolysis of a specified halide
in dilute or concentrated
aqueous solution
4.6
4.5; 9.2
4.5; 9.5
4.1 The mole concept
Calculate empirical formulae

and molecular formulae
Calculate % yield and % purity
5. Electricity
and chemistry
Describe the electrode products

in the electrolysis of:
molten lead(II) bromide
4.5
concentrated hydrochloric acid
4.5
concentrated aqueous
sodium chloride between
inert electrodes (platinum
or carbon)
4.5
State the general principle

that metals or hydrogen are
formed at the negative electrode
(cathode), and that non-metals
(other than hydrogen) are
formed at the positive electrode
(anode)
4.5
Predict the products of the

electrolysis of a specified binary
compound in the molten state
4.5
Describe the electroplating of

metals
4.5
Name the uses of electroplating
4.5
Describe the reasons for the

use of copper and (steel-cored)
aluminium in cables, and why
plastics and ceramics are used
as insulators
4.5
Describe, in outline, the

manufacture of
aluminium from pure
aluminium oxide in molten
cryolite
chlorine and sodium hydroxide
from concentrated aqueous
sodium chloride
(Starting materials and essential
conditions should be given but not
technical details or diagrams.)
Topic
Core syllabus
6. Chemical
changes
6.1 Energetics of a reaction
Book
Section
Supplement
Book
Section
7.1
Describe bond breaking as

endothermic and bond forming
as exothermic
7.1
Describe the production of heat

energy by burning fuels
1.4; 7.1
8.5
Describe hydrogen as a fuel
1.4
Describe radioactive isotopes,

such as 235U, as a source of
energy
2.4
Describe the production of

electrical energy from simple
cells, i.e. two electrodes in an
electrolyte. (This should be
linked with the reactivity series
in Section 10.2 and redox in
Section 7.3.)
Describe the use of hydrogen
as a potential fuel reacting with
oxygen to generate electricity
in a fuel cell (details of the
construction and operation of a
fuel cell are not required)
1.4
Devise a suitable method for

investigating the effect of a
given variable on the speed of a
reaction
7.2
Interpret data obtained from

experiments concerned with
speed of reaction
7.2
Describe and explain the

effects of temperature and
concentration in terms of
collisions between reacting
particles
7.3
Describe the effect of light on

the speed of reactions
7.4
Describe the use of silver salts

in photography as a process
of reduction of silver ions to
silver; and photosynthesis as
the reaction between carbon
dioxide and water in the
presence of chlorophyll and
sunlight (energy) to produce
glucose
7.4
Predict the effect of changing

the conditions (temperature and
pressure) on other reversible
reactions
7.5
Concept of equilibrium
7.5
Describe the meaning of

exothermic and endothermic
reactions
6.2 Production of energy
7. Chemical
reactions
7.1 Speed of reaction
Describe the effect of

concentration, particle size,
catalysts (including enzymes)
and temperature on the speeds
of reactions
7.2
Describe a practical method

for investigating the speed of a
reaction involving gas evolution
7.2
Describe the application of the

above factors to the danger of
explosive combustion with fine
powders (e.g. flour mills) and
gases (e.g. mines)
7.2
7.2 Reversible reactions
Describe the idea that some

chemical reactions can be
reversed by changing the
reaction conditions (limited to
the effects of heat on hydrated
salts; concept of equilibrium is
not required.)
7.5
Topic
Core syllabus
Book
Section
Supplement
Book
Section
Define redox in terms of

electron transfer
4.4
Identify redox reactions by

changes in oxidation state and
by the colour changes involved
when using acidified potassium
manganate(VII), and potassium
iodide. (Recall of equations
involving KMnO4 is not required.)
4.4
Define acids and bases in terms

of proton transfer, limited to
aqueous solutions
5.11
Describe the meaning of weak

and strong acids and bases
5.11
7.3 Redox
Define oxidation and

reduction in terms of oxygen
loss/gain. (Oxidation state
limited to its use to name
ions, e.g. iron(II), iron(III),
copper(II), manganate(VII),
dichromate(VI).)
8. Acids, bases
and salts
4.3
8.1 The characteristic properties

of acids and bases
Describe the characteristic

properties of acids as reactions
with metals, bases and
carbonates, and effect on litmus
5.6
Describe the characteristic

properties of bases as reactions
with acids and with ammonium
salts and effect on litmus
5.5; 5.7
Describe neutrality and relative

acidity and alkalinity in terms
of pH (whole numbers only)
measured using Universal
Indicator paper
5.1

importance of controlling
acidity in soil
5.4
5.3
Further classify other oxides as

neutral or amphoteric
5.3
5.9
Describe the preparation of

insoluble salts by precipitation
5.10
Suggest a method of making a

given salt from suitable starting
material, given appropriate
information
5.9; 5.10
8.2 Types of oxides
Classify oxides as either acidic

or basic, related to metallic and
non-metallic character
8.3 Preparation of salts
Describe the preparation,

separation and purification
of salts as examples of some
of the techniques specified in
Section 2.2(b) and the reactions
specified in Section 8.1
8.4 Identification of ions and gases
Describe the following tests to

identify:
aqueous cations: aluminium,
ammonium, calcium, copper(II),
iron(II), iron(III) and zinc (using
aqueous sodium hydroxide
and aqueous ammonia as
appropriate) (Formulae of
complex ions are not required.)
6
5.7; 12.1
Topic
Core syllabus
anions:
carbonate (by reaction
with dilute acid and then
limewater), chloride (by
reaction under acidic
conditions with aqueous
silver nitrate), iodide (by
reaction under acidic
conditions with aqueous
silver nitrate), nitrate (by
reduction with aluminium),
sulfate (by reaction under
acidic conditions with aqueous
barium ions)
5.7;
12.1

5.7;
12.1

3.1; 3.2
3.3
Describe lithium, sodium

and potassium in Group I as
a collection of relatively soft
metals showing a trend in
melting point, density and
reaction with water
3.2; 8.1
Predict the properties of other

elements in Group I, given data
where appropriate
3.2
Describe chlorine, bromine

and iodine in Group VII as a
collection of diatomic
non-metals showing a trend in
colour, and state their reaction
with other halide ions
3.2
Predict the properties of other

elements in Group VII, given
data where appropriate
3.2
gases:
ammonia (using damp red
litmus paper), carbon dioxide
(using limewater), chlorine
(using damp litmus paper),
hydrogen (using lighted splint),
oxygen (using a glowing
splint).
9. The Periodic
Table
Book
Section
Describe the Periodic Table as a

method of classifying elements
and its use to predict properties
of elements
Supplement
Book
Section
Describe the relationship

between group number, number
of valency electrons and
metallic/non-metallic character
3.1
Identify trends in other groups,

given information about the
elements concerned
3.2; 3.3;
8.1
9.1 Periodic trends
Describe the change from

metallic to non-metallic
character across a period
9.2 Group properties
Topic
Core syllabus
Book
Section
3.3; 8.3
Describe the noble gases as

being unreactive
3.2
Describe the uses of the noble

gases in providing an inert
atmosphere, i.e. argon in lamps,
helium for filling balloons
3.2
Describe the general physical

and chemical properties of metals
3.1; 8.1
Explain why metals are often

used in the form of alloys
3.1; 9.1
Identify representations of alloys

from diagrams of structure
3.6
8.4
Supplement
Book
Section
Describe the reactivity series

as related to the tendency of a
metal to form its positive ion,
illustrated by its reaction, if any,
with
8.4
Describe the action of heat on

the hydroxides and nitrates of
the listed metals
8.4
Account for the apparent

unreactivity of aluminium in
terms of the oxide layer which
adheres to the metal
8.2
Describe in outline, the

extraction of zinc from zinc
blende
9.1
9.3 Transition elements
Describe the transition elements

as a collection of metals having
high densities, high melting
points and forming coloured
compounds, and which, as
elements and compounds, often
act as catalysts
9.4 Noble gases
10. Metals
10.1 Properties of metals
10.2 Reactivity series
Place in order of reactivity:

potassium, sodium, calcium,
magnesium, zinc, iron,
(hydrogen) and copper, by
reference to the reactions,
if any, of the metals with
the aqueous ions
water or steam
the oxides
dilute hydrochloric acid and

the reduction of their oxides
with carbon
Deduce an order of reactivity

from a given set of experimental
results
of the other listed metals
8.4
8.4
10.3 (a) Extraction of metals
Describe the ease in obtaining

metals from their ores by
relating the elements to the
reactivity series
Topic
Core syllabus
Book
Section
Name the main ore of aluminium

as bauxite (see Section 5)
8.2; 9.2
Describe the essential reactions

in the extraction of iron from
hematite
9.1
Describe the conversion of iron

into steel using basic oxides and
oxygen
9.1
Supplement
Book
Section
Name the uses of zinc for

galvanising and for making brass
9.1
Name the uses of copper related

to its properties (electrical
wiring and in cooking utensils)
9.1
10.3 (b) Uses of metals
Name the uses of aluminium:
11. Air and

water
in the manufacture of aircraft

because of its strength and low
density
8.2
in food containers because of

its resistance to corrosion
8.2
Describe the idea of changing

the properties of iron by the
controlled use of additives to
form steel alloys
9.1
Name the uses of mild steel (car

bodies and machinery) and
stainless steel (chemical plant
and cutlery)
9.1
Describe a chemical test for water
12.1

purification of the water supply
in terms of filtration and
chlorination
1.3
Name some of the uses of water

in industry and in the home
1.3
Describe the composition of

clean air as being approximately
79% nitrogen, 20% oxygen
and the remainder as being a
mixture of noble gases, water
vapour and carbon dioxide
1.2
Name the common pollutants

in the air as being carbon
monoxide, sulfur dioxide,
oxides of nitrogen and lead
compounds
1.2
Topic
Core syllabus
Book
Section
Supplement
Book
Section

presence of oxides of nitrogen
in car exhausts and their
catalytic removal
1.2
Describe the separation of

oxygen and nitrogen from
liquid air by fractional
distillation
1.2
Describe sacrificial protection

in terms of the reactivity series
of metals and galvanising as a
method of rust prevention
9.1
9.3
1.1; 7.4
State the source of each of these

pollutants:
carbon monoxide from the
incomplete combustion of
carbon-containing substances
1.2
sulfur dioxide from the

combustion of fossil fuels
which contain sulfur
compounds (leading to acid
rain see Section 13)
1.2
oxides of nitrogen from car

exhausts
1.2
1.2
State the adverse effect of

common pollutants on
buildings and on health
Describe methods of rust

prevention, specifically paint and
other coatings to exclude oxygen
9.1
Describe the need for nitrogen-,

phosphorus- and potassiumcontaining fertilisers
9.3
Describe the displacement of

ammonia from its salts
5.7
State that carbon dioxide and

methane are greenhouse gases
and may contribute to climate
change
1.2
Describe the essential

conditions for the manufacture
of ammonia by the Haber
process including the sources of
the hydrogen and nitrogen, i.e.
hydrocarbons or steam and air
Describe the formation of

carbon dioxide:
1.1
Describe the carbon cycle,

in simple terms, to include
the processes of combustion,
respiration and photosynthesis
as a product of complete
combustion of carboncontaining substances
10
as a product of respiration
7.4; 1.1
as a product of the reaction

between an acid and a
carbonate
5.6
1.2; 11.2
State the sources of methane,

including decomposition of
vegetation and waste gases from
digestion in animals
10
Topic
Core syllabus
Book
Section
12. Sulfur
13. Carbonates
14. Organic
chemistry
Describe the manufacture of lime

(calcium oxide) from calcium
carbonate (limestone) in terms of
the chemical reactions involved
9.6
Name some uses of lime and

slaked lime as in treating acidic
soil and neutralising acidic
industrial waste products, e.g.
flue gas desulfurisation
1.4; 9.6
Name the uses of calcium

carbonate in the manufacture of
iron and of cement
1.4; 9.6
Name and draw the structures

of methane, ethane, ethanol,
ethanoic acid and the products
of the reactions stated in
Sections 14.414.6
10
State the type of compound

present, given a chemical name
ending in -ane, -ene, -ol, or -oic
acid, or a molecular structure
10
Name the fuels coal, natural gas

and petroleum
1.1; 11.1
Name methane as the main

constituent of natural gas
11.2
Describe petroleum as a
mixture of hydrocarbons and its
separation into useful fractions
by fractional distillation
11.1
Supplement
Book
Section
Name some sources of sulfur
9.4
Name the use of sulfur in the

manufacture of sulfuric acid
9.4
Name the uses of sulfur dioxide

as a bleach in the manufacture
of wood pulp for paper and as
a food preservative (by killing
bacteria)
9.4
Describe the manufacture of

sulfuric acid by the Contact
process, including essential
conditions
9.4
Describe the properties of dilute

sulfuric acid as a typical acid
5.6; 9.4
Name and draw the structures

of the unbranched alkanes,
alkenes (not cistrans), alcohols
and acids containing up to four
carbon atoms per molecule
10
14.1 Names of compounds
14.2 Fuels
11
Topic
Core syllabus
Book
Section
Supplement
Book
Section
Describe the general

characteristics of a homologous
series
Describe and identify structural
isomerism
10.2
10.4
Describe substitution reactions

of alkanes with chlorine
10.5
Describe the properties of

alkenes in terms of addition
reactions with bromine,
hydrogen and steam
10.6
Name the uses of the fractions as:

refinery gas for bottled gas for
heating and cooking
11.1
gasoline fraction for fuel

(petrol) in cars
11.1
naphtha fraction for making

chemicals
11.1
kerosene/paraffin fraction for

jet fuel
11.1
diesel oil/gas oil for fuel in

diesel engines
11.1
fuel oil fraction for fuel for ships

and home heating systems
11.1
lubricating fraction for

lubricants, waxes and polishes
11.1
bitumen for making roads
11.1
10.2
14.3 Homologous series
Describe the concept of

homologous series as a family of
similar compounds with similar
properties due to the presence of
the same functional group
14.4 Alkanes

alkanes (exemplified by
methane) as being generally
unreactive, except in terms of
burning
10.2;
10.5
Describe the bonding in alkanes
10.2
Describe the manufacture of

alkenes and of hydrogen by
cracking
11.1
Distinguish between saturated

and unsaturated hydrocarbons
10.2;
10.3
10.6
11.3

14.5 Alkenes
from molecular structures

by reaction with aqueous
bromine

poly(ethene) as an example
of addition polymerisation of
monomer units
12
Topic
Core syllabus
Book
Section
Supplement
Book
Section
Describe the formation of ethanoic

acid by the oxidation of ethanol by
fermentation and with acidified
potassium manganate(VII)
10.9
Describe ethanoic acid as a

typical weak acid
5.11; 10.9
Describe the reaction of

ethanoic acid with ethanol to
give an ester (ethyl ethanoate)
10.9
11
Name some typical uses of

plastics and of man-made fibres
11.3;11.4
Describe the pollution problems

caused by non-biodegradable
plastics
11.4
Deduce the structure of the

polymer product from a given
alkene and vice versa
11.3
Describe the formation of nylon

(a polyamide) and Terylene
(a polyester) by condensation
polymerisation, the structure of
nylon being represented as:
11.4
11.4
11.4
14.6 Alcohols

ethanol by fermentation and by
the catalytic addition of steam
to ethene
10.7

ethanol in terms of burning
10.8
Name the uses of ethanol as a

solvent and as a fuel
10.7;
10.8
14.7 Acids
14.8 Macromolecules
Describe macromolecules in
terms of large molecules built up
from small units (monomers),
different macromolecules having
different units and/or different
linkages
14.8 (a) Synthetic polymers
C N
N C
C N
N C
and the structure of Terylene as:
13
Topic
Core syllabus
Book
Section
Supplement
Book
Section
Name proteins, fats and

carbohydrates as the main
constituents of food
11.4
Describe proteins as possessing

the same (amide) linkages
as nylon but with different
units. Describe the structure of
proteins as:
11.4
11.4
Describe the hydrolysis of

proteins to amino acids
(Structures and names are not
required.)
11.5
Describe fats as esters

possessing the same linkage as
Terylene but with different units
11.5
Describe soap as a product of

hydrolysis of fats
10.9 ; 11.5
Describe complex
carbohydrates in terms of a
large number of sugar units,
considered as joined together by
condensation polymerisation
11.5
11.5
Describe the acid hydrolysis

of complex carbohydrates (e.g.
starch) to give simple sugars
11.5
Describe the fermentation

of simple sugars to produce
ethanol (and carbon dioxide)
(Candidates will not be
expected to give the molecular
formulae of sugars.)
10.7

usefulness of chromatography
in separating and identifying
the product of hydrolysis of
carbohydrates and proteins
11.5
14.8 (b) Natural macromolecules
H
N
C
R
e.g.
14

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Syllabus contents table

Describe the states of

Describe and explain diffusion

Describe evidence for the

Describe paper chromatography

Interpret simple chromatograms

Identify substances and assess

Understand the importance of

Suggest suitable purification

Describe dependence of rate

Outline how chromatography

Name appropriate apparatus

2.2 (b) Methods of purification

Cambridge University Press IGCSE Chemistry

Syllabus contents table

3.1 Atomic structure and the

State the relative charges and

Define proton number and

Use proton number and the

State the two types of isotopes

State one medical and one

Describe the build-up of

Describe the differences

Describe an alloy, such as brass,

Describe the formation of ions

Describe the formation of ionic

Describe the formation of ionic

Describe the lattice structure of

3.2 Bonding: the structure of matter

3.2 (a) Ions and ionic bonds

Cambridge University Press IGCSE Chemistry

Syllabus contents table

Describe the electron

3.2 (b) Molecules and covalent

Describe the formation of single

Describe the differences

Describe the giant covalent

Describe the macromolecular

Relate their structures to the use

Describe the similarity in

Describe metallic bonding as a

3.2 (c) Macromolecules

3.2 (d) Metallic bonding

Use the symbols of the elements

Determine the formula of an

Deduce the formula of a simple

Construct equations with

Deduce the formula of a simple

Construct word equations

Deduce the balanced equation

Define relative atomic mass, Ar

Define relative molecular mass,

(Calculations involving reacting

Cambridge University Press IGCSE Chemistry

Syllabus contents table

Define the mole and the

Use the molar gas volume, taken

6.3; 6.4; 6.5

Relate the products of

Describe electrolysis in terms of

Predict the products of

4.1 The mole concept

Calculate empirical formulae