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3/22/2015

MetamorphicRocks|PicturesofFoliatedandNonFoliatedTypes

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MetamorphicRocks

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PicturesofFoliatedandNonFoliatedRockTypes
WhatareMetamorphicRocks?
Metamorphicrockshavebeenmodifiedbyheat,pressureand
chemicalprocessusuallywhileburieddeepbelowEarth'ssurface.
Exposuretotheseextremeconditionshasalteredthemineralogy,
textureandchemicalcompositionoftherocks.Therearetwobasic
typesofmetamorphicrocks:1)foliatedmetamorphicrockssuchas
gneiss,phyllite,schistandslatewhichhavealayeredorbanded
appearancethatisproducedbyexposuretoheatanddirected
pressureand,2)nonfoliatedmetamorphicrockssuchasmarble
andquartzitewhichdonothavealayeredorbandedappearance.
Picturesandbriefdescriptionsofsomecommontypesofmetamorphic
rocksareshownonthispage.

Phylliteisafoliatemetamorphicrockthatismadeupmainlyofveryfine
grainedmica.Thesurfaceofphylliteistypicallylustrousandsometimes
wrinkled.Itisintermediateingradebetweenslateandschist.The
specimenshownaboveisabouttwoinches(fivecentimeters)across.

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Amphiboliteisanonfoliatedmetamorphicrockthatformsthrough
recrystallizationunderconditionsofhighviscosityanddirectedpressure.It
iscomposedprimarilyofamphiboleandplagioclase,usuallywithverylittle
quartz.Thespecimenshownaboveisabouttwoinches(fivecentimeters)
across.

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Quartziteisanonfoliatedmetamorphicrockthatisproducedbythe
metamorphismofsandstone.Itiscomposedprimarilyofquartz.The
specimenaboveisabouttwoinches(fivecentimeters)across.

Gneissisfoliatedmetamorphicrockthathasabandedappearanceandis
madeupofgranularmineralgrains.Ittypicallycontainsabundantquartzor
feldsparminerals.Thespecimenshownaboveisabouttwoinches(five
centimeters)across.

http://geology.com/rocks/metamorphicrocks.shtml

Schistismetamorphicrockwithwelldevelopedfoliation.Itoftencontains
significantamountsofmicawhichallowtherocktosplitintothinpieces.It

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MetamorphicRocks|PicturesofFoliatedandNonFoliatedTypes
isarockofintermediatemetamorphicgradebetweenphylliteandgneiss.
Thespecimenshownaboveisa"chloriteschist"becauseitcontainsa
significantamountofchlorite.Itisabouttwoinches(fivecentimeters)
across.

Hornfelsisafinegrainednonfoliatedmetamorphicrockwithnospecific
composition.Itisproducedbycontactmetamorphism.Hornfelsisarock
thatwas"baked"whilenearaheatsourcesuchasamagmachamber,sill
ordike.Thespecimenshownaboveisabouttwoinches(fivecentimeters)
across.
Slateisafoliatedmetamorphicrockthatisformedthroughthe
metamorphismofshale.Itisalowgrademetamorphicrockthatsplitsinto
thinpieces.Thespecimenshownaboveisabouttwoinches(five
centimeters)across.

Marbleisanonfoliatedmetamorphicrockthatisproducedfromthe
metamorphismoflimestone.Itiscomposedprimarilyofcalciumcarbonate.
Thespecimenshownaboveisabouttwoinches(fivecentimeters)across.
Soapstoneisametamorphicrockthatconsistsprimarilyoftalcwith
varyingamountsofothermineralssuchasmicas,chlorite,amphiboles,
pyroxenesandcarbonates.Itisasoft,dense,heatresistantrockthathas
ahighspecificheatcapacity.Thesepropertiesmakeitusefulforawide
varietyofarchitectural,practicalandartisticuses.

MoreMetamorphicRocks
Schist

Slate

NovaculiteNovaculiteisadense,hard,finegrained,siliceousrockthat
breakswithaconchoidalfracture.Itformsfromsedimentsdepositedin
marineenvironmentswhereorganismssuchasdiatoms(singlecelled
algaethatsecreteahardshellcomposedofsilicondioxide)areabundant
inthewater.Thespecimenshownaboveisaboutthreeinchesacross.

Soapstone

Quartzite

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Gneiss

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MetamorphicRocks|PicturesofFoliatedandNonFoliatedTypes

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